No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9788","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., and Alpers, C.N., 1997, The stable isotope geochemistry of jarosite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-88, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9788.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53502,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24364,"text":"ofr97154 - 1997 - Portraying chemical properties of bedrock for water quality and ecosystem analysis; an approach for the New England region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T14:25:15","indexId":"ofr97154","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-154","title":"Portraying chemical properties of bedrock for water quality and ecosystem analysis; an approach for the New England region","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97154","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Robinson, G., 1997, Portraying chemical properties of bedrock for water quality and ecosystem analysis; an approach for the New England region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-154, v. 1, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97154.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":53462,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0154/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0154/report-thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683c28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, G.R. Jr. 0000-0002-9676-9564","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-9564","contributorId":6444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"G.R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21682,"text":"ofr97168 - 1997 - Alaska resource data file: Cold Bay quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T20:52:38.737107","indexId":"ofr97168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-168","title":"Alaska resource data file: Cold Bay quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97168","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., 1997, Alaska resource data file: Cold Bay quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-168, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97168.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51225,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0168/ofr97168.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403946,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37193.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cold Bay quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 55\n ],\n [\n -162,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 56\n ],\n [\n -164,\n 55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21681,"text":"ofr97447B - 1997 - The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr97447B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-447","chapter":"B","title":"The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97447B","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Milici, R.C., 1997, The COALPROD database; historical production data for the major coal-producing regions of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-447, 1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97447B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9129,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-447/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad2e4b07f02db681c0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milici, Robert C. rmilici@usgs.gov","contributorId":563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milici","given":"Robert","email":"rmilici@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21647,"text":"ofr97139 - 1997 - Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr97139","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-139","title":"Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97139","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Covington, H., Berger, M., and Jenkins, E., 1997, Catalogue of lithologic and stratigraphic information from drill holes on the Nevada Test Site and environs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-139, 221 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97139.","productDescription":"221 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51199,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5ef34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Covington, H. R.","contributorId":92671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, M.A.","contributorId":49395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenkins, E.C.","contributorId":7314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008165,"text":"1008165 - 1997 - Convergent seed germination in South African fynbos and Californian chaparral","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-24T15:20:59.434682","indexId":"1008165","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Convergent seed germination in South African fynbos and Californian chaparral","docAbstract":"California chaparral and South African fynbos are fire-prone communities dominated by species exhibiting remarkable similarities in germination response. In both regions there are a substantial number of species with germination stimulated chemically by charred wood and smoke. This type of germination behaviour has arisen independently in distantly related families and is interpreted as convergent evolution. Heat-shock is also an important germination trigger that is widespread, although in both regions it is most common in the same families. Phylogeney may play an important role in the presence of this postfire germination cue in both regions, but a much more rigorous analysis is required to show that this trait represents a single unique event in each lineage. In both regions, germination response is not randomly distributed across growth forms and there are marked regional similiarities in the type of germination behaviour associated with certain growth forms. Geophytes largely lack refractory seeds, which require fire-type cues for germination, but the presence of fire-stimulated flowering of bulbs and corms may time recruitment to subsequent postfire years. Annuals that cue germination to postfire conditions are predominantly triggered by chemicals from smoke and/or charred wood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1009748603202","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., and Bond, W., 1997, Convergent seed germination in South African fynbos and Californian chaparral: Plant Ecology, v. 133, p. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009748603202.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6865bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bond, W.J.","contributorId":90251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22465,"text":"ofr9724 - 1997 - Pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:19:21","indexId":"ofr9724","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-24","title":"Pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California","docAbstract":"During the study of inputs of sediment-associated pesticides into the San Francisco Bay Estuary, suspended sediments were isolated from large-volume water samples collected over several years at various stations in Suisun Bay and also covering the principal inputs and outlet. The samples were analyzed for 21 pesticides and pesticide degradation products to provide information about the source and fate of pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the estuary. Where multiple samples were collected and analyzed, the data were averaged to provide a more general picture of pesticide transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9724","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bergamaschi, B., Crepeau, K.L., and Kuivila, K., 1997, Pesticides associated with suspended sediments in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-24, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9724.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51985,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 38.15831665744203\n ],\n [\n -121.44012451171874,\n 38.15831665744203\n ],\n [\n -121.44012451171874,\n 37.41925395973696\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.41925395973696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64961c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":73241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":188303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22847,"text":"ofr97124 - 1997 - Procedures for use of, and drill cores and cuttings available for study at, the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr97124","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-124","title":"Procedures for use of, and drill cores and cuttings available for study at, the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97124","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Davis, L., Hannula, S., and Bowers, B., 1997, Procedures for use of, and drill cores and cuttings available for study at, the Lithologic Core Storage Library, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-124, iii, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97124.","productDescription":"iii, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, L.C.","contributorId":82291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hannula, S.R.","contributorId":41029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannula","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowers, Beverly","contributorId":32945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Beverly","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26343,"text":"wri974056 - 1997 - Evaluation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Lompoc area, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:27","indexId":"wri974056","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4056","title":"Evaluation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Lompoc area, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the Lompoc area, especially in the Lompoc plain, is only marginally acceptable for most uses. Demand for ground water has increased for municipal use since the late 1950's and has continued to be high for irrigation on the Lompoc plain, the principal agricultural area in the Santa Ynez River basin. As use has increased, the quality of ground water has deteriorated in some areas of the Lompoc plain. The dissolved-solids concentration in the main zone of the upper aquifer beneath most of the central and western plains has increased from less than 1,000 milligrams per liter in the 1940's to greater than 2,000 milligrams per liter in the 1960's. Dissolved- solids concentration have remained relatively constant since the 1960's. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was used to simulate ground-water flow in the Lompoc area and a two-dimensional finite-element model was used to simulate solute transport to gain a better understanding of the ground-water system and to evaluate the effects of proposed management plans for the ground-water basin. The aquifer system was simulated in the flow model as four horizontal layers. In the area of the Lompoc plain, the layers represent the shallow, middle, and main zones of the upper aquifer, and the lower aquifer. For the Lompoc upland and Lompoc terrace, the four layers represent the lower aquifer. The solute transport model was used to simulate dissolved-solids transport in the main zone of the upper aquifer beneath the Lompoc plain. The flow and solute-transport models were calibrated to transient conditions for 1941-88. A steady-state simulation was made to provide initial conditions for the transient-state simulation by using long-term average (1941-88) recharge rates. Model- simulated hydraulic heads generally were within 5 feet of measured heads in the main zone for transient conditions. Model-simulated dissolved- solids concentrations for the main zone generally differed less than 200milligrams per liter from concentrations in 1988. During 1941-88 about 1,096,000 acre-feet of water was pumped from the aquifer system. Average pumpage for this period (22,830 acre-feet per year) exceeded pumpage for the steady-state simulation by 16,590 acre-feet per year. The results of the transient simulation indicate that about 60 percent of this increase in pumpage was contributed by increased recharge, 28 percent by decreased natural discharge from the system (primarily discharge to the Santa Ynez River and transpiration), and 13 percent was withdrawn from storage. Total simulated downward leakage from the middle zone to the main zone in the central plain and upward leakage from the consolidated rocks to the main zone significantly increased in response to increased pumpage, which increased from about 6,240 to 30,870 acre-feet per year from 1941 to 1988. Average dissolved-solid concentration in the middle zone in 1987-88 ranged from 2,000 to 3,000 milligrams per liter beneath the northeastern plain and the dissolved-solids concentration of two samples from the consolidated rocks beneath the western plain averaged 4,300 milligrams per liter. Because the dissolved-solids concentration for the middle zone and the consolidated rocks is higher than the simulated steady-state dissolved-solids concentration of the main zone, the increase in the leakage from these two sources resulted in increased dissolved-solids concentration in the main zone during the transient period. The model results indicate that the main source of increased dissolved- solids concentration in the northeastern and central plains was downward leakage from the middle zone; whereas, upward leakage from the consolidated rocks was the main source of the increased dissolved-solids concentrations in the northwestern and western plains. The models were used to estimate changes in hydraulic head and in dissolved-solids concentration resulting from three proposed management alternatives: (1) average recharge ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri974056","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., Nash, D., and Martin, P., 1997, Evaluation of ground-water flow and solute transport in the Lompoc area, Santa Barbara County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4056, vii, 113 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974056.","productDescription":"vii, 113 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcf06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, Daniel J. djbright@usgs.gov","contributorId":1758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djbright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nash, David B.","contributorId":51333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"David B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21750,"text":"ofr97477 - 1997 - Distribution and quality of potential sources of aggregate infrastructure resources project area, Colorado-Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-23T22:17:41.085702","indexId":"ofr97477","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-477","title":"Distribution and quality of potential sources of aggregate infrastructure resources project area, Colorado-Wyoming","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97477","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., Green, G.N., Knepper, D.H., Lindsey, D.A., Moore, D., Nealey, L., and Reed, J., 1997, Distribution and quality of potential sources of aggregate infrastructure resources project area, Colorado-Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-477, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97477.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16661.htm"},{"id":1187,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0477/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -104,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64962e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindsey, David A. 0000-0002-9466-0899 dlindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-0899","contributorId":773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"David","email":"dlindsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nealey, L. David","contributorId":57092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealey","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reed, John C. jreed@usgs.gov","contributorId":1259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"John C.","email":"jreed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":30644,"text":"wri974051 - 1997 - Water-quality assessment of the Potomac River Basin: Analysis of available pesticide data, 1972-1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-23T22:19:10.665734","indexId":"wri974051","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4051","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Potomac River Basin: Analysis of available pesticide data, 1972-1990","docAbstract":"A study of available data for the period from 1972 to 1990 was conducted to characterize the occurrence and distribution of pesticides in sur-face water, bottom material, ground water, and fish tissue in the Potomac River Basin. The study was conducted by the Potomac River study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey?s National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. Exist-ing data coverage was evaluated to guide future data-collection activities. Data from computer data bases and from published and unpublished reports were obtained from local, State, and Fed-eral agencies in the four Potomac River Basin states and the District of Columbia. Data are available for all environmental media, but geo-graphic and temporal coverage are limited. Clusters of data occur in the north-central parts of the basin, with numerous samples at discrete loca-tions in the Shenandoah and Monocacy River Basins, along the mainstem Potomac River, in the Washington, D.C., area, and in streams along the Potomac Estuary. Much of the available surface-water and bottom-material data are from the ear-lier years of the period of interest, the ground-water data are from the middle years, and the fish-tissue data are distributed over much of the period. Overall, temporal coverage is not sufficient for analysis of trends. Comparisons between different sample media are possible in some areas of the Potomac River Basin, particularly in the northern end of the Great Valley. Residual concentrations of some pesticides have been found in surface water, bottom mate-rial, ground water, and fish tissue. Samples have been analyzed for a total of at least 69 pesticides and related compounds in surface water, bottom material, ground water, and fish tissue. Most con-centrations of the pesticides analyzed during the period from 1972 to 1990 were less than or equal to reporting limits. For surface-water samples, 13 out of 41 pes-ticides and related compounds analyzed had concentrations equal to or greater than the report-ing limits. Compounds reported in surface water included 2,4-D, atrazine, aldrin, chlordane, DDT and related compounds, dieldrin, endrin, lindane, prometone, prometryne, and simazine. For bottom material samples, 19 of 31 pesticides and related compounds analyzed had concentrations equal to or greater than the reporting limits. Compounds reported in bottom material included aldrin, chlor-dane, DDT and related compounds, diazinon, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, ethion, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, lindane, parathion, and tox-aphene. In ground-water samples, 14 of 39 pesticides and related compounds analyzed had concentrations equal to or greater than the report-ing limits. Compounds reported in ground water included 2,4-D, atrazine, chlordane, cyanazine, DDT and related compounds, diazinon, dieldrin, endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, malathion, methyl parathion, simazine. For fish- tissue sam-ples, 30 of the 37 pesticides and related compounds analyzed had concentrations equal to or greater than the reporting limits. Compounds reported included aldrin, chlorpyrifos, dacthal, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, methoxychlor, mirex, PCA, toxaphene, and those compounds related to chlordane, DDT, and lindane.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974051","usgsCitation":"Zappia, H., and Fisher, G.T., 1997, Water-quality assessment of the Potomac River Basin: Analysis of available pesticide data, 1972-1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4051, vi, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974051.","productDescription":"vi, 80 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":409622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48680.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2974,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri97-4051/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.40178823593888,\n 37.65794505005405\n ],\n [\n -76.37824625351843,\n 38.301229478300314\n ],\n [\n -76.8255439195046,\n 39.079107957312715\n ],\n [\n -77.89278045589265,\n 40.095072678584046\n ],\n [\n -79.038490267015,\n 40.05904500730813\n ],\n [\n -79.10911621427597,\n 39.613137977554885\n ],\n [\n -79.16404750659025,\n 39.17650773127431\n ],\n [\n -78.92862768238693,\n 39.01816471840888\n ],\n [\n -78.858001735126,\n 38.7493902362304\n ],\n [\n -78.92862768238693,\n 38.325858467103956\n ],\n [\n -78.66966589477695,\n 38.15327994514931\n ],\n [\n -78.37218020068697,\n 37.839014937917185\n ],\n [\n -77.90918787975411,\n 38.774977634304236\n ],\n [\n -77.30494366429888,\n 38.148229913151\n ],\n [\n -76.65361548400368,\n 37.7646095133546\n ],\n [\n -76.40178823593888,\n 37.65794505005405\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zappia, Humbert","contributorId":79093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zappia","given":"Humbert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24934,"text":"ofr97164 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:14:54.341105","indexId":"ofr97164","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-164","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.
\nThis digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1996), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97164","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Mint Canyon 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-164, Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97164.","productDescription":"Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11 p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284229,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97164.jpg"},{"id":1904,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/pdf/of97-164.pdf"},{"id":53903,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mint.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284224,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mint.tar.gz"},{"id":284225,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284226,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284227,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-wells.e00.gz"},{"id":284228,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0164/mn-topo.e00.gz"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.5,34.375 ], [ -118.5,34.5 ], [ -118.375,34.5 ], [ -118.375,34.375 ], [ -118.5,34.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b052","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24873,"text":"ofr97173 - 1997 - Whole-rock and mineral chemical compositional data for lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr97173","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-173","title":"Whole-rock and mineral chemical compositional data for lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97173","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wilshire, H.G., and Mukasa, S., 1997, Whole-rock and mineral chemical compositional data for lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-173, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97173.","productDescription":"15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53865,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24929,"text":"ofr97166 - 1997 - Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T11:12:25.315793","indexId":"ofr97166","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-166","title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database","docAbstract":"This Open-File report is a digital geologic map database. This pamphlet serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File report.
\nThis digital map database is compiled from previously published sources combined with some new mapping and modifications in nomenclature. The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U. S. Geological Survey. For detailed descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, sources of geologic mapping, and data on exploratory wells consult Yerkes (1996), and Yerkes and Showalter (1990). More specific information about the units may be available in the original sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97166","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Yerkes, R., 1997, Preliminary geologic map of the Burbank 7.5' quadrangle, southern California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-166, Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97166.","productDescription":"Readme: TXT; Readme: PDF, 11p.; Complete digital package; Geology; Structure; Wells; Composite base map","numberOfPages":"11","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284243,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97166.jpg"},{"id":1900,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/pdf/of97-166.pdf"},{"id":53899,"rank":9,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/burbnk.txt","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284238,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/burbnk.tar.gz"},{"id":284239,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-geol.e00.gz"},{"id":284240,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-strc.e00.gz"},{"id":284241,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-pts.e00.gz"},{"id":284242,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0166/bu-topo.e00.gz"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.375,34.125 ], [ -118.375,34.25 ], [ -118.25,34.25 ], [ -118.25,34.125 ], [ -118.375,34.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yerkes, R.F.","contributorId":105752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28338,"text":"wri974077 - 1997 - Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Horse Creek basin, west-central Florida, October 1992-February 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T19:39:35.815917","indexId":"wri974077","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4077","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Horse Creek basin, west-central Florida, October 1992-February 1995","docAbstract":"A baseline study of the 241-square-mile Horse Creek basin was undertaken from October 1992 to February 1995 to assess the hydrologic and water-quality conditions of one of the last remaining undeveloped basins in west-central Florida. During the period of the study, much of the basin remained in a natural state, except for limited areas of cattle and citrus production and phosphate mining. Rainfall in 1993 and 1994 in the Horse Creek basin was 8 and 31 percent, respectively, above the 30-year long-term average. The lowest and highest maximum instantaneous peak discharge of the six daily discharge stations occurred at the Buzzard Roost Branch and the Horse Creek near Arcadia stations with 185 to 4,180 cubic feet per second, respectively. The Horse Creek near Arcadia station had the lowest number of no-flow days with zero days and the Brushy Creek station had the highest number with 113 days. During the study, the West Fork Horse Creek subbasin had the highest daily mean discharge per square mile with 30.6 cubic feet per second per square mile, and the largest runoff coefficient of 43.7 percent. The Buzzard Roost Branch subbasin had the lowest daily mean discharge per square mile with 5.05 cubic feet per second per square mile, and Brushy Creek and Brandy Branch shared the lowest runoff coefficient of 0.6 percent. Brandy Branch had the highest monthly mean runoff in both 1993 and 1994 with 11.48 and 19.28 inches, respectively. During the high-baseflow seepage run, seepage gains were 8.87 cubic feet per second along the 43-mile Horse Creek channel. However, during the low-baseflow seepage run, seepage losses were 0.88 cubic foot per second. Three methods were used to estimate average annual ground-water recharge in the Horse Creek basin: (1) well hydrograph, (2) chloride mass balance, and (3) streamflow hydrograph. Estimated average annual recharge using these three methods ranged from 3.6 to 8.7 inches. The high percentage of carbonate plus bicarbonate analyzed at the Carlton surficial aquifer well could indicate an upward ground-water flow from the underlying intermediate aquifer system. Based on constituent concentrations in water samples from the six daily discharge stations, concentrations generally are lower in the upper three subbasins, West Fork Horse Creek, Upper Horse Creek, and Brushy Creek than in the lower three subbasins. Typically, concentrations were highest for major ions at Buzzard Roost Branch and nutrients at Brushy Creek.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974077","usgsCitation":"Lewelling, B., 1997, Hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the Horse Creek basin, west-central Florida, October 1992-February 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4077, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974077.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414120,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48702.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_97_4077.jpg"},{"id":2250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri974077/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Horse Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.0833,\n 27.6333\n ],\n [\n -82.0833,\n 27.1667\n ],\n [\n -81.9167,\n 27.1667\n ],\n [\n -81.9167,\n 27.6333\n ],\n [\n -82.0833,\n 27.6333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewelling, B. R.","contributorId":17969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewelling","given":"B. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185280,"text":"70185280 - 1997 - Anaerobic aquifer transformations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol under different terminal electron accepting conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:04:44","indexId":"70185280","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":757,"text":"Anaerobe","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anaerobic aquifer transformations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol under different terminal electron accepting conditions","docAbstract":"We evaluated the susceptibility of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,4-diaminophenol to anaerobic biodegradation in aquifer slurries. Aquifer microorganisms depleted 2,4-DNP at rates of 25, 9 and 0.4 μM/day under methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and nitrate-reducing conditions, respectively. Rates of abiotic, 2,4-DNP loss in autoclaved control incubations were 7.2, 6.2 and 0.95 μM/day respectively. Abiotic, 2,4-DNP reduction was especially important as the first step in its transformation. 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol was produced by this process, but this compound was further metabolized in methanogenic and sulfate-reducing aquifer slurries. This partially reduced compound persisted in autoclaved controls and in the nitrate-reducing aquifer slurries. Aquifer slurries incubated with either 2,4-DNP or 2,4-diaminophenol produced methane when incubated with no other electron acceptor suggesting that mineralization had occurred under these conditions. In parallel experiments, aquifer slurries amended with 2,6-dinitrophenol or picric acid did not produce methane at levels above the substrate unamended controls.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elseiver","doi":"10.1006/anae.1997.0116","usgsCitation":"Krumholz, L., and Suflita, J., 1997, Anaerobic aquifer transformations of 2,4-Dinitrophenol under different terminal electron accepting conditions: Anaerobe, v. 3, no. 6, p. 399-403, https://doi.org/10.1006/anae.1997.0116.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"399","endPage":"403","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf59fe4b0849ce97f0cfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumholz, L.R.","contributorId":188090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, J.M.","contributorId":83303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suflita","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22731,"text":"ofr9713 - 1997 - Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 75 crossing of the Fall River at Neodesha, Southeast Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr9713","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-13","title":"Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 75 crossing of the Fall River at Neodesha, Southeast Kansas","docAbstract":"A hydraulic analysis of the Fall River inthe vicinity of the existing U.S. Highway 75 crossing at Neodesha, southeast Kansas, was conducted using a combination of step-backwater (WSPRO) and culvert (CAP) analysis program. Hydraulic data for these programs were determined fromonsite inspections and surveys, and from previously conducted Flood Insurance Studies (FIS).Discharge values with their appropriate recurrence intervals also were obtained fromthe previous FIS. The computation of water-surface elevations using step-backwater and culvert analyses indicate that free flow occurs through all drainage structures for all discharges equal to or less than those having a 100-year recurrence interval (400,000 cubic feet per second_ an the water-surface elevations are lower than the lowest point on the roadway. The total capacity of the three drainage-structure openings is sufficient at the 500-year recurrence- interval discharge (55,000 cubic feet per second) to prevent flow over the roadway. Flow over the roadway begins when total discharge exceeds about 58,000 cubic feet per second.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9713","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clement, R., and Perry, C.A., 1997, Hydraulic analysis of U.S. Highway 75 crossing of the Fall River at Neodesha, Southeast Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-13, iv, 15 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9713.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52179,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, R.W.","contributorId":11247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, C. A.","contributorId":106149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22695,"text":"ofr97278 - 1997 - Assignments of U.S. oil and gas reservoirs to U.S. Geological Survey 1995 national oil and gas assessment plays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T14:55:47","indexId":"ofr97278","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-278","title":"Assignments of U.S. oil and gas reservoirs to U.S. Geological Survey 1995 national oil and gas assessment plays","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr97278","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Charpentier, R., and Klett, T., 1997, Assignments of U.S. oil and gas reservoirs to U.S. Geological Survey 1995 national oil and gas assessment plays: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-278, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97278.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267239,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0278/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ceaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, T. R. 0000-0001-9779-1168","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":83067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"T. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23229,"text":"ofr9785 - 1997 - Principal facts for gravity profiles collected near the Osgood Mountains and the Slumbering Hills, north-central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr9785","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-85","title":"Principal facts for gravity profiles collected near the Osgood Mountains and the Slumbering Hills, north-central Nevada","docAbstract":"This report presents principal facts for gravity stations collected \r\nalong profiles near the Osgood Mountains and Slumbering Hills, north-\r\ncentral Nevada. These include (1) data collected near the Osgood \r\nMountains by U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) personnel in the years \r\n1989, 1990, and 1993; and (2) data released to the USGS by Battle \r\nMountain Gold (now Battle Mountain Exploration) that were collected in \r\n1989 near the Osgood Mountains and the Slumbering Hills. \r\n\r\nThe digital data, text of this report (figures in separate files) can be \r\ndownloaded via 'anonymous ftp' from a USGS system named \r\ngreenwood.cr.usgs.gov (136.177.21.122). The files are located in a \r\ndirectory named /pub/open-file-reports/ofr-97-0085 and are described in an \r\nASCII file named readme.txt. This information is also contained below in \r\nTable 1.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9785","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V., and Kucks, R.P., 1997, Principal facts for gravity profiles collected near the Osgood Mountains and the Slumbering Hills, north-central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-85, i, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9785.","productDescription":"i, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9131,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0085/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52529,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655b16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V.J. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":70362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, Robert P.","contributorId":11648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22964,"text":"ofr97122 - 1997 - Floods of September 15-16, 1992, in the Thompson, Weldon, and Chariton River basins, south-central Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T16:22:32","indexId":"ofr97122","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-122","title":"Floods of September 15-16, 1992, in the Thompson, Weldon, and Chariton River basins, south-central Iowa","docAbstract":"Water-surface-elevation profiles and peak discharges for the floods of September 15-16, 1992, in the Thompson, Weldon, and Chariton River Basins, south-central Iowa, are presented in this report. The profiles illustrate the 1992 floods along the Thompson, Weldon, Chariton, and South Fork Chariton Rivers and along Elk Creek in the south-central Iowa counties of Adair, Clarke, Decatur, Lucas, Madison, Ringgold, Union, and Wayne. Water-surface-elevation profiles for the floods of July 4, 1981, along the Chariton River in Lucas County and along the South Fork Chariton River in Wayne County also are included in the report for comparative purposes. The September 15-16, 1992, floods are the largest known peak discharges at gaging stations Thompson River at Davis City (station number 06898000) 57,000 cubic feet per second, Weldon River near Leon (station number 06898400) 76,200 cubic feet per second, Chariton River near Chariton (station number 06903400) 37,700 cubic feet per second, and South Fork Chariton River near Promise City (station number 06903700) 70,600 cubic feet per second. The peak discharges were, respectively, 1.7, 2.6, 1.4, and 2.1 times larger than calculated 100-year recurrence-interval discharges. The report provides information on flood stages and discharges and floodflow frequencies for streamflow-gaging stations in the Thompson, Weldon, and Chariton River Basins using flood information collected through 1995. Information on temporary bench marks and reference points established in the Thompson and Weldon River Basins during 1994-95, and in the Chariton River Basin during 1983-84 and 1994-95, also is included in the report. A flood history summarizes rainfall conditions and damages for floods that occurred during 1947, 1959, 1981, 1992, and 1993.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97122","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Highway Research Board and the Project Development Division of the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT Research Project HR-140)","usgsCitation":"Eash, D.A., and Koppensteiner, B., 1997, Floods of September 15-16, 1992, in the Thompson, Weldon, and Chariton River basins, south-central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-122, iv, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97122.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52363,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.49777221679686,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -93.67080688476562,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -93.68316650390625,\n 40.6410514961004\n ],\n [\n -93.69827270507812,\n 40.68792771802359\n ],\n [\n -93.71200561523438,\n 40.74101426921151\n ],\n [\n -93.72711181640625,\n 40.783660996197945\n ],\n [\n -93.72024536132812,\n 40.82316279497129\n ],\n [\n -93.7353515625,\n 40.86783384138491\n ],\n [\n -93.76281738281249,\n 40.906247614146224\n ],\n [\n -93.7847900390625,\n 40.887562618139405\n ],\n [\n -93.79989624023438,\n 40.852254338121625\n ],\n [\n -93.82049560546875,\n 40.81380923056961\n ],\n [\n -93.8397216796875,\n 40.78262115769851\n ],\n [\n -93.84246826171875,\n 40.74205475883487\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 40.71291489723403\n ],\n [\n -93.78753662109375,\n 40.67438908251788\n ],\n [\n -93.78204345703125,\n 40.629587853312174\n ],\n [\n -93.75457763671874,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -93.89877319335938,\n 40.575369444618396\n ],\n [\n -93.900146484375,\n 40.591013883455936\n ],\n [\n -93.87954711914061,\n 40.63375667842965\n ],\n [\n -93.9276123046875,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -93.95919799804688,\n 40.65355504328842\n ],\n [\n -93.98391723632812,\n 40.683762276904055\n ],\n [\n -94.02511596679688,\n 40.727486422997785\n ],\n [\n -94.04434204101562,\n 40.76182096906601\n ],\n [\n -94.03610229492188,\n 40.80861223601287\n ],\n [\n -94.07455444335936,\n 40.837710162420045\n ],\n [\n -94.1143798828125,\n 40.865756786006806\n ],\n [\n -94.14871215820312,\n 40.911436954156436\n ],\n [\n -94.2242431640625,\n 40.942564441333296\n ],\n [\n -94.28192138671875,\n 41.009957022453015\n ],\n [\n -94.32586669921875,\n 41.08142149109681\n ],\n [\n -94.32723999023438,\n 41.131090123750496\n ],\n [\n -94.3505859375,\n 41.154876361984655\n ],\n [\n -94.39727783203125,\n 41.19725651800892\n ],\n [\n -94.43298339843749,\n 41.24787000204815\n ],\n [\n -94.45907592773438,\n 41.287094304074884\n ],\n [\n -94.4549560546875,\n 41.32010701725659\n ],\n [\n -94.43298339843749,\n 41.36031866306708\n ],\n [\n -94.39590454101562,\n 41.365472206597516\n ],\n [\n -94.35470581054686,\n 41.3500103516271\n ],\n [\n -94.31488037109375,\n 41.32835758409141\n ],\n [\n -94.295654296875,\n 41.288126204331704\n ],\n [\n -94.25308227539061,\n 41.2674850985213\n ],\n [\n -94.21737670898438,\n 41.251999985566385\n ],\n [\n -94.19952392578124,\n 41.251999985566385\n ],\n [\n -94.1802978515625,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 41.18072118284585\n ],\n [\n -94.07730102539062,\n 41.15074024464586\n ],\n [\n -94.05807495117188,\n 41.124883599291216\n ],\n [\n -93.9935302734375,\n 41.109364719750964\n ],\n [\n -93.97018432617188,\n 41.08659705984312\n ],\n [\n -93.96194458007812,\n 41.05760862509861\n ],\n [\n -93.90151977539062,\n 41.044145364313174\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 41.005811774870615\n ],\n [\n -93.87954711914061,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 40.9788613095528\n ],\n [\n -93.81912231445312,\n 40.95604846533965\n ],\n [\n -93.80126953124999,\n 40.9218144123785\n ],\n [\n -93.72848510742188,\n 40.91558813293605\n ],\n [\n -93.66531372070312,\n 40.93115273187039\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 40.9415270946638\n ],\n [\n -93.51974487304688,\n 40.96538194577488\n ],\n [\n -93.45245361328125,\n 40.97367726477833\n ],\n [\n -93.4002685546875,\n 40.97575093157534\n ],\n [\n -93.36456298828124,\n 40.99959341455489\n ],\n [\n -93.3563232421875,\n 41.027571415339786\n ],\n [\n -93.33572387695312,\n 41.04828819952275\n ],\n [\n -93.29864501953125,\n 41.02239120052721\n ],\n [\n -93.29452514648436,\n 41.00270266805319\n ],\n [\n -93.2684326171875,\n 40.97678774053034\n ],\n [\n -93.22448730468749,\n 40.95708558389897\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 40.980934813391414\n ],\n [\n -93.15582275390625,\n 40.9840449469281\n ],\n [\n -93.12286376953124,\n 40.95708558389897\n ],\n [\n -93.08853149414062,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -93.05282592773436,\n 40.90936126702326\n ],\n [\n -92.99652099609375,\n 40.914550362677204\n ],\n [\n -92.96218872070312,\n 40.91247477328731\n ],\n [\n -92.91824340820312,\n 40.90832339902113\n ],\n [\n -92.86468505859375,\n 40.885486181691945\n ],\n [\n -92.83859252929688,\n 40.86783384138491\n ],\n [\n -92.8399658203125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -92.85369873046875,\n 40.81069108268215\n ],\n [\n -92.90313720703125,\n 40.804454347291006\n ],\n [\n -92.93609619140624,\n 40.80653332421558\n ],\n [\n -92.98965454101562,\n 40.80965166748856\n ],\n [\n -93.01712036132812,\n 40.80237530523985\n ],\n [\n -93.05282592773436,\n 40.78885994449482\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 40.76598152771282\n ],\n [\n -93.0706787109375,\n 40.749337730454826\n ],\n [\n -93.13247680664062,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -93.18603515624999,\n 40.73893324113603\n ],\n [\n -93.20938110351561,\n 40.72852712420599\n ],\n [\n -93.22586059570312,\n 40.68584503000698\n ],\n [\n -93.26568603515625,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -93.28079223632812,\n 40.71916022743469\n ],\n [\n -93.3123779296875,\n 40.72540497175605\n ],\n [\n -93.3453369140625,\n 40.724364221722716\n ],\n [\n -93.36318969726562,\n 40.71707851579789\n ],\n [\n -93.38653564453125,\n 40.69001034095325\n ],\n [\n -93.4442138671875,\n 40.643135583312805\n ],\n [\n -93.46481323242188,\n 40.61812224225511\n ],\n [\n -93.49777221679686,\n 40.58058466412764\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eash, D. A.","contributorId":60237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koppensteiner, B.A.","contributorId":108144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koppensteiner","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28090,"text":"wri974048 - 1997 - Surface-water quality changes after 5 years of nutrient management in the Little Conestoga Creek headwaters, Pennsylvania, 1989-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T19:36:58.030038","indexId":"wri974048","displayToPublicDate":"1997-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4048","title":"Surface-water quality changes after 5 years of nutrient management in the Little Conestoga Creek headwaters, Pennsylvania, 1989-91","docAbstract":"A 5.82-square-mile drainage basin in the headwaters of the Little Conestoga Creek in Lancaster County, Pa., was investigated from October 1989 through September 1991 as part of a longer-term effort to determine the effects of nutrient management on surface-water quality. A previous investigation found no statistical evidence that implementation of nutrient management from 1986 to 1989 affected water quality. Basin land use is 68 percent agriculture and includes all or part of 51 farms. Agricultural land under nutrient management ranged from 55 percent in 1989 to 80 percent in 1991. Nitrate nitrogen, the dominant nonpoint-source contaminant, averaged about 7.5 milligrams per liter in base flow.
Implementation of nutrient management on 90 percent of applicable land in a 1.42-square-mile subbasin resulted in a 7 percent decrease in nitrogen applications from before nutrient management. Recognizing that some uncertainty exists in the nutrient-application data, the decrease consisted of a 44-percent decrease in commercial fertilizer nitrogen combined with a 3-percent increase in manure nitrogen applications. Manure accounted for 83 percent of the applied nitrogen. Amounts of nitrate nitrogen in the top 4 feet of soil ranged from 43 to 315 pounds per acre in the subbasin and were not substantially reduced from before nutrient management.
Statistical analysis of nutrient and suspended-sediment concentrations detected few significant step trends in water quality in a comparison with water quality before nutrient management. A decrease in base-flow concentrations of dissolved ammonium and suspended sediment was detected at a site draining a 1.43-square-mile subbasin with 40-percent implementation of nutrient-management plans. An increase in base-flow concentrations of suspended sediment was detected at a site draining the 1.42-square-mile subbasin with 90-percent implementation. A comparison of the dissolved nitrate plus nitrite in base-flow relations between paired subbasins detected no change from 1984-86 (before nutrient management) to 1989-91. Mean concentrations in stormflow were not reduced significantly from 1984-86 to
1989-91. Data collected during the entire 1986-91 nutrient-management period suggest a reduction in nitrogen input as large as the
30-percent reduction recorded from 1986-89 is needed to effect a 0.5-milligram-per-liter decrease in dissolved nitrate plus nitrite.
Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070