Potash, potassium-bearing water-soluble salt, is the primary global economic source of potassium. Potash is recognized as a critical mineral in Canada as it is the largest source of potassium used in fertilizers. It is essential for global agricultural productivity and food security. Canada is the world’s largest potash exporter with vast deposits in the widely mined Prairie Evaporite of Saskatchewan, which formed in the epicontinental Elk Point Basin during the Middle Devonian. Potash is also found in the Windsor Group of Atlantic Canada where it formed in a series of tectonically active basins during the Mississippian that have undergone substantial post-depositional subsurface alteration and deformation. Potash deposits were mined in New Brunswick up until 2016. Both deposits are salt giants, recording times in the geologic record of extensive and long-lasting evaporite genesis under arid conditions in restricted seas. This paper reviews the geological and economic significance of Canadian potash, including (1) the genesis of each deposit, (2) diagenetic, erosional, and tectonic modification, and (3) exploration and mining in each basin. Underdeveloped regions, possible undiscovered resources, environmental considerations, and the importance of sustainable practices in light of climate change and socioeconomic risks are also addressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/facets-2024-0363","usgsCitation":"E.J. Matheson, Cocker, M.D., Snyder, M.E., Funk, C., Boehner, R., Yang, C., Nicolas, M., and Kruger, N.W., 2025, The geology of Canadian potash: A critical mineral for feeding the world: Facets, v. 10, p. 1-40, https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0363.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-172852","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2024-0363","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"E.J. Matheson 0000-0002-0355-0361","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0355-0361","contributorId":365586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"E.J. Matheson","affiliations":[{"id":87156,"text":"Dept. of Math, Physics and Geology, Cape Breton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cocker, Mark D. 0000-0001-9435-5862 mcocker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-5862","contributorId":4297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cocker","given":"Mark","email":"mcocker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, M. E.","contributorId":365587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"M.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":87157,"text":"Dept. of Earth and Environmental Science, Acadia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Craig","contributorId":365588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Funk","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":87158,"text":"Geoservices, Nutrien Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boehner, R.","contributorId":365589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boehner","given":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38268,"text":"independent","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yang, Chaowei 0000-0001-7768-4066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-4066","contributorId":362010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Chaowei","affiliations":[{"id":12909,"text":"George Mason University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicolas, M.P.B.","contributorId":365590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicolas","given":"M.P.B.","affiliations":[{"id":87159,"text":"Manitoba Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kruger, N. W.","contributorId":365591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruger","given":"N.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":65569,"text":"North Dakota Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273213,"text":"sir20255095 - 2025 - Assessment of treated wastewater infiltration in Bright Angel Wash and the potential for contaminants of emerging concern influencing spring water quality along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-04T14:21:30.576365","indexId":"sir20255095","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-22T10:55:16","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5095","displayTitle":"Assessment of Treated Wastewater Infiltration in Bright Angel Wash and the Potential for Contaminants of Emerging Concern Influencing Spring Water Quality Along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","title":"Assessment of treated wastewater infiltration in Bright Angel Wash and the potential for contaminants of emerging concern influencing spring water quality along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona","docAbstract":"In April 2021, a synoptic study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Park Service (NPS) identified wastewater-related contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in springs along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon. These springs are located north of Bright Angel Wash, an ephemeral channel that receives treated effluent from the South Rim Wastewater Treatment Plant (SRWTP). Although water flows southwest and away from the canyon, there is evidence that treated wastewater is finding a flow path along fractures associated with the Bright Angel Fault back to water sources along the South Rim.
The CECs identified during the April 2021 sampling included several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceutical compounds. The PFAS compounds detected only consisted of perfluoroalkyl acids, and these were only detected at Bright Angel Wash (treated wastewater), Monument Spring, and upper Horn Bedrock Spring. The other five sampled springs (the Salt Creek, Horn East Alluvium, Garden, Pumphouse, and Pipe Springs) had no detections of PFAS compounds. The five perfluoroalkyl acids detected at Monument Spring (in descending order of concentration) were perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. Only the short-chained PFBS and perfluorobutanoic acid compounds were detected at the upper Horn Bedrock Spring. All the same perfluoroalkyl acids were found at Bright Angel Wash, except for PFBS.
Monument Spring was the only spring to have detections of pharmaceuticals. The two pharmaceuticals detected at the highest concentrations at Monument Spring were diphenhydramine (antihistamine) and carbamazepine (anticonvulsant or anti-epileptic drug). The other detected pharmaceuticals included (in descending order of concentration) fluconazole (antifungal), sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic), metformin (diabetes drug), tramadol (opioid analgesic), and venlafaxine (antidepressant and nerve pain medication). The same pharmaceuticals were detected in the wastewater at Bright Angel Wash but in greater concentrations. No CEC concentrations measured at Monument Spring exceeded any drinking water standards or human health benchmarks; however, most of the compounds detected have no regulatory standards. Studies of the ecological effects of these compounds show that some of the compounds detected can have endocrine and physiological effects, but generally, effects were observed at concentrations multiple orders of magnitude greater than what was measured during the April 2021 study.
Data from 1980 through 2022 retrieved from the Water Quality Portal were combined with data from the one-time synoptic sampling in April 2021 to assess the usefulness of other analytes for identifying a wastewater connection to South Rim springs. Most of the historical water chemistry data showed a statistical difference between samples collected within and east of the Garden Creek watershed and samples collected from locations in watersheds to the west of Garden Creek, including the Horn Creek, Salt Creek, Monument Creek, and Hermit Creek watersheds, which roughly align with the Bright Angel Fault. Most of the historical analytes were inconclusive as potential wastewater tracers, but nitrate, chloride, and gadolinium data possibly support the historical contribution of wastewater to Monument Spring.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Grand Canyon National Park","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N.V., Beisner, K.R., and Shepherd, S.J.R., 2025, Assessment of treated wastewater infiltration in Bright Angel Wash and the potential for contaminants of emerging concern influencing spring water quality along the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona (ver. 1.1, 2026): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5095, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255095.","productDescription":"ix, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"59","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-159478","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499495,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119152.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":499484,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5095/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2025-5095 Version History"},{"id":497774,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5095/sir20255095.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2025-5095 XML"},{"id":497773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255095/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5095 HTML"},{"id":497772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5095/sir20255095.pdf","size":"11.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5095 PDF"},{"id":497775,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5095/images/"},{"id":497771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5095/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Bright Angel Wash, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.25,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 35.94693133579284\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 35.94693133579284\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 36.1\n ],\n [\n -112.25,\n 36.1\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: December 29, 2025; Version 1.1: February 3, 2026","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue, Suite 221
Tucson, AZ 85719
Identifying suspended-sediment (SS) sources, seasonal variability, and phosphorus (P) transported with SS is critical information for basin managers, although there may be concerns about comparability between flow-integrated SS samples used for sediment fingerprinting and discrete samples used for concentrations and loads in basins where SS is mostly silt + clay and(or) one land-use predominates. Objectives were to determine if (1) sample-collection method and (2) source consideration influenced apportionment of the largest SS source.
Concurrent-replicate, SS samples were collected during 2022 from the East River, Wisconsin using an automated sampler, commonly used for water-quality sampling, and passive samplers, frequently used for SS fingerprinting. Samples were evaluated for differences in physical and chemical characteristics that may affect source apportionment. Considered sources included three upland land-use (cropland, forest, and roads), two in-channel (streambank and streambed sediment), and one that connects uplands to the stream channel (gullies). Source apportionment used established methods in the SedSAT tool. Source scenarios included land-use + streambank (4src), 4src + gully, 4src + streambed, and 4src + gully + streambed (6src).
There were no statistically significant differences in median grain size, organic carbon, or sediment-bound P as a function of collection method. In-channel sources were the largest proportional SS source, regardless of season, hydrologic condition, collection method, or source scenario. Source verification highlighted which source fingerprints were most accurately defined and implications for SS target apportionment.
Varying the source scenarios for sediment fingerprinting indicated that improved management of hydrologic connectivity between upland land use and the stream channel has the potential to mitigate SS loads.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11368-025-04155-y","usgsCitation":"Williamson, T.N., Blount, J.D., Broerman, H., Fitzpatrick, F., Mevis, I., Hoefling, D.J., Pace, S.M., Komiskey, M.J., and Kreiling, R., 2025, Evaluating uncertainties with sample-collection method and source selection in sediment fingerprinting: an example from a Great Lakes tributary: Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 25, p. 4140-4163, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-04155-y.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"4140","endPage":"4163","ipdsId":"IP-174726","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-04155-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"East River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.58937270792205,\n 44.63457374193757\n ],\n [\n -88.40515142753031,\n 44.63457374193757\n ],\n [\n -88.40515142753031,\n 44.22837406709485\n ],\n [\n -87.58937270792205,\n 44.22837406709485\n ],\n [\n -87.58937270792205,\n 44.63457374193757\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Tanja N. 0000-0002-7639-8495 tnwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8495","contributorId":198329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Tanja","email":"tnwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blount, James D.","contributorId":364844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blount","given":"James","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":86990,"text":"formerly USGS, now University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broerman, Heidi Mae 0009-0007-2475-5044","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2475-5044","contributorId":330645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broerman","given":"Heidi Mae","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mevis, Isaac James 0009-0000-9623-6410","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9623-6410","contributorId":346122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mevis","given":"Isaac James","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefling, Dayle J.","contributorId":364845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoefling","given":"Dayle","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":86993,"text":"formerly USGS, no new contact information","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pace, Shannon Murphy 0009-0005-1822-6643","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1822-6643","contributorId":364846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"Shannon","middleInitial":"Murphy","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Komiskey, Matthew J. 0000-0003-2962-6974 mjkomisk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-6974","contributorId":1776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komiskey","given":"Matthew","email":"mjkomisk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kreiling, Rebecca 0000-0002-9295-4156 rkreiling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9295-4156","contributorId":147679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kreiling","given":"Rebecca","email":"rkreiling@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70273761,"text":"70273761 - 2025 - A laboratory-based spectrometer intercomparison for the measurement of snow spectra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-28T15:54:55.650048","indexId":"70273761","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-22T08:48:28","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A laboratory-based spectrometer intercomparison for the measurement of snow spectra","docAbstract":"Seasonal snow is an integral component of global hydrological systems, global energy budget and Earth's climate. As an important part of many Earth systems, seasonal snow is also an essential source of water for many human populations and ecosystems around the world. As such, the measurement of seasonal snow and characterization of uncertainty in those measurements is crucial. To elucidate potential uncertainty attributable to commonly used field spectrometers (and to a lesser extent imaging spectrometers) and associated reference panels, this work presents results from an intercalibration experiment conducted synchronously with the NASA 2023 Snow Experiment (SnowEx) Albedo campaign near Fairbanks, Alaska USA. Three sets of experiments were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions to characterize the radiometric and spectral wavelength consistency of the instruments as well as the white reference panels used to calculate reflectance from field measurements. Although there was generally good agreement between the instruments, panels, and the references, there were also some notable differences. One instrument showed an average − 74 % change from the reference for radiance, and multiple instruments exceeded the suggested 0.5 nm threshold for spectral wavelength scale. The Discussion section highlights how some of these findings and their implications could improve future field campaigns and general use/maintenance of these high-precision scientific instruments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104800","usgsCitation":"Roberts-Pierel, B.M., Crawford, C., Brown, S.W., Kokaly, R.F., Gleason, K.E., Nolin, A.W., Bair, E.H., Wilder, B.A., Surunis, A.J., Skiles, S.K., Meyer, J., Fitts, A.E., Johnston, J.M., Hunsaker, A.G., Steufer, M., and Løke, T., 2025, A laboratory-based spectrometer intercomparison for the measurement of snow spectra: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 245, 104800, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104800.","productDescription":"104800, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182042","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/esm_fac/430","text":"External Repository"},{"id":499172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Fairbanks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.93176636317207,\n 64.88847731461294\n ],\n [\n -147.93176636317207,\n 64.76084697844067\n ],\n [\n -147.5919038491945,\n 64.76084697844067\n ],\n [\n -147.5919038491945,\n 64.88847731461294\n ],\n [\n -147.93176636317207,\n 64.88847731461294\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"245","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts-Pierel, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1486-7903","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-7903","contributorId":365679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts-Pierel","given":"Benjamin","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":87187,"text":"Earth Space Technology Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, Christopher J. 0000-0002-7145-0709 cjcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-0709","contributorId":213607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cjcrawford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Steven W.","contributorId":365680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Steven","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":205165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gleason, Kelly E.","contributorId":365681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gleason","given":"Kelly","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nolin, Anne W.","contributorId":365682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolin","given":"Anne","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bair, Edward H.","contributorId":365683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bair","given":"Edward","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":87188,"text":"Leidos, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wilder, Brenton A.","contributorId":365684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"Brenton","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7023,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Surunis, Anton J.","contributorId":365685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surunis","given":"Anton","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Skiles, S. McKenzie K.","contributorId":365686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skiles","given":"S. McKenzie","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meyer, Joachim","contributorId":365687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer","given":"Joachim","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Fitts, Allyson E.","contributorId":365688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fitts","given":"Allyson","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Johnston, Jeremy M.","contributorId":365689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hunsaker, Adam G.","contributorId":365690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunsaker","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Steufer, Martin","contributorId":365691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steufer","given":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Løke, Trond","contributorId":365692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Løke","given":"Trond","affiliations":[{"id":87189,"text":"Norsk Elektro Optikk AS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70276612,"text":"70276612 - 2025 - Gulf Coast Basin CORE-CM initiative final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-11T13:42:22.09486","indexId":"70276612","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-22T08:29:59","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":138,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"DOE-Univ-TX-BEG-000236-14","title":"Gulf Coast Basin CORE-CM initiative final report","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Economic Geology at the University of Texas at Austin (UT-BEG) is leading the Gulf Coast Carbon Ore, Rare Earth, and Critical Minerals (CORE-CM) Initiative to assess the potential to produce critical minerals (CMs), including rare earth elements (REEs) from coal, coal ash, and produced water related to oil and gas production, and related materials (alumina processing waste [red mud], heavy mineral sands, graphite, and zeolite) within the Gulf Coast Basin. This project represents the first phase in a long-term program and provides reconnaissance data that will be foundational for future work by assessing resources and suggesting plans to be conducted in future work and expanding stakeholder engagement. The project includes several tasks designed to identify, characterize, and assess several necessary aspects for development of CMs and REEs in the Gulf Coast Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Universality of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology","doi":"10.2172/3009720","usgsCitation":"Scanlon, B.R., Elliott, B.A., Kyle, J.R., Reedy, R.C., Short, S.R., Theaker, N., Warwick, P., Stengel, V.G., Hower, J., Bagdonas, D.A., James, D.R., Ebersole, S.M., Bollen, E.M., and VanDervoort, D., 2025, Gulf Coast Basin CORE-CM initiative final report: Technical Report DOE-Univ-TX-BEG-000236-14, 87 p., https://doi.org/10.2172/3009720.","productDescription":"87 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180876","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4792245,\n 29.9925558\n ],\n [\n -83.1139258,\n 32.0471679\n ],\n [\n -83.1463272,\n 32.3487698\n ],\n [\n -84.6691907,\n 31.7445688\n ],\n [\n -88.9461691,\n 32.3761386\n ],\n [\n -88.5573426,\n 37.2932639\n ],\n [\n -90.9226413,\n 36.8537852\n ],\n [\n -94.2275791,\n 32.5401752\n ],\n [\n -98.9257751,\n 28.1519452\n ],\n [\n -99.2173872,\n 27.1185888\n ],\n [\n -98.7961697,\n 26.279145\n ],\n [\n -97.2409048,\n 25.9299917\n ],\n [\n -95.3292251,\n 28.4372458\n ],\n [\n -89.3997777,\n 28.494214\n ],\n [\n -85.4792245,\n 29.9925558\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R. 0000-0002-1234-4199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-4199","contributorId":328586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78414,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 130, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758-4445","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott, Brent A. 0000-0003-4099-1657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-1657","contributorId":367943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elliott","given":"Brent","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":78414,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 130, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758-4445","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kyle, J. Richard 0000-0002-5319-8941","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-8941","contributorId":367946,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kyle","given":"J.","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":78414,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 130, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758-4445","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reedy, Robert C. 0009-0007-4810-7578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4810-7578","contributorId":364779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reedy","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":86975,"text":"The Universality of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Short, Shelby R. 0009-0003-6480-7997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6480-7997","contributorId":372148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Short","given":"Shelby","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78414,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 130, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758-4445","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Theaker, Nolan 0000-0001-5194-2004","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-2004","contributorId":367948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theaker","given":"Nolan","affiliations":[{"id":87651,"text":"University of North Dakota, Institute of Energy Studies, Grand Forks, ND, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":205928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stengel, Victoria G. 0000-0003-0481-3159 vstengel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0481-3159","contributorId":5932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stengel","given":"Victoria","email":"vstengel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hower, James C. 0000-0003-4694-2776","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4694-2776","contributorId":34561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hower","given":"James C.","affiliations":[{"id":16123,"text":"University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, United States.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bagdonas, Davin A. 0000-0002-7782-0563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-0563","contributorId":372153,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagdonas","given":"Davin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":88269,"text":"Center for Economic Geology Research, School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming,, Energy Innovation Center 315, 1020 E. Lewis Street, Laramie, Wyoming 82071","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"James, Dennis R.","contributorId":372154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"James","given":"Dennis","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":88270,"text":"North American Coal Company, 5340 Legacy Drive, Suite #300, Plano, TX 75024","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ebersole, Sandy M.","contributorId":173002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebersole","given":"Sandy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27138,"text":"Alabama Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Bollen, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":304625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bollen","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36730,"text":"University of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"VanDervoort, Dane 0000-0003-3376-005X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-005X","contributorId":359483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanDervoort","given":"Dane","affiliations":[{"id":13327,"text":"Geological Survey of Alabama","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70274134,"text":"70274134 - 2025 - Speciation genomics in the tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-27T15:07:48.339382","indexId":"70274134","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-22T07:58:56","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3832,"text":"Genome Biology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation genomics in the tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex)","docAbstract":"The transition from small genetic to genome-scale datasets for studying biodiversity has revealed that genetic exchange through introgressive hybridization is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Despite this, a lack of high-quality reference genomes for most non-model species limits our understanding of the impact of this process for many taxonomic groups. This restricts the range of insights that genomic tools can provide for conservation biologists, who often hope to employ genomic datasets to accurately identify historically isolated lineages to protect and to predict their evolutionary fate in the face of environmental change. Tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex) are an abundant and important ecological component of ecosystems across the southwestern United States. In this study, we assembled and annotated a chromosome-level reference genome for A. t. stejnegeri from coastal California. We then used this reference genome to reconstruct patterns of speciation and admixture within the larger species complex, finding evidence that gene flow is widespread both geographically and across the genome.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gbe/evaf218","usgsCitation":"Barley, A.J., Ho, D.V., Baumann, P., Wang, I.J., Shaffer, H.B., Fisher, R.N., Gray, L.N., Krabbenhoft, T.J., Espinoza, R.E., Escalona, M., Toffelmier, E., Sahasrabudhe, R., Nguyen, O., Fairbairn, C.W., Beraut, E., and Thomson, R.C., 2025, Speciation genomics in the tiger whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis tigris complex): Genome Biology and Evolution, v. 17, no. 12, evaf218, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf218.","productDescription":"evaf218, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183134","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500813,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaf218","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":500644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Mexico, southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05581525403653,\n 36.44729610220706\n ],\n [\n -115.27181672437194,\n 25.785835832512632\n ],\n [\n -109.72280699879704,\n 21.796836323044985\n ],\n [\n -108.96560695285623,\n 23.724794649866627\n ],\n [\n -114.25142099794529,\n 31.97711728051575\n ],\n [\n -103.32771422082385,\n 27.61466119652667\n ],\n [\n -103.94091558336086,\n 33.57411141595831\n ],\n [\n -106.56599346429063,\n 32.77491303525552\n ],\n [\n -110.97336088502527,\n 34.5435699274435\n ],\n [\n -107.7674711688275,\n 35.90320292682061\n ],\n [\n -107.47500054368626,\n 37.098742679266984\n ],\n [\n -110.98660092132822,\n 37.01361174430673\n ],\n [\n -120.05581525403653,\n 36.44729610220706\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barley, Anthony J.","contributorId":367047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barley","given":"Anthony","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ho, David V.","contributorId":367048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ho","given":"David","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":64804,"text":"Johannes Gutenberg University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baumann, Peter","contributorId":190963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Ian J.","contributorId":367049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":367050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gray, Levi N.","contributorId":367052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gray","given":"Levi","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, Trevor J.","contributorId":367053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"Trevor","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40126,"text":"University of Buffalo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Espinoza, Robert E.","contributorId":367054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinoza","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Escalona, Merly","contributorId":299346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Escalona","given":"Merly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Toffelmier, Erin","contributorId":299356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toffelmier","given":"Erin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sahasrabudhe, Ruta","contributorId":367055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahasrabudhe","given":"Ruta","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Nguyen, Oanh","contributorId":299348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Oanh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fairbairn, Colin W.","contributorId":367056,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairbairn","given":"Colin","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Beraut, Eric","contributorId":299352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beraut","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Thomson, Robert C.","contributorId":367058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":87531,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70273104,"text":"sir20255073 - 2025 - Hydrogeologic characterization of the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley Groundwater Basins, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T17:01:22.100586","indexId":"sir20255073","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-19T15:32:50","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-5073","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic Characterization of the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley Groundwater Basins, Riverside County, California","title":"Hydrogeologic characterization of the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley Groundwater Basins, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The relation between the groundwater and the amount of natural recharge to the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins is not well understood. During the 20th century, the reliance on groundwater near Anza, California, used for agricultural, domestic, and municipal reasons has increased, and there is the potential for changes in groundwater availability related to climate change. Several types of existing data were evaluated, and new data were collected for this study, with the goal of characterizing the region’s hydrogeology. The study’s scope included constructing a geologic framework model to show where the groundwater-bearing units are present and their relation to each other, estimating the major components of the groundwater budget, and understanding local short-term and regional long-term groundwater flow and how that has changed since the early 1900s.
Two electrical resistivity tomography surveys were done in the Durasno Valley about 2,150 feet apart to identify the thickness of the alluvium, its horizontal extent, and the depth-to-basement along two profiles perpendicular to Cahuilla Creek. The subsurface sediments were mostly horizontally layered and the transitional boundary between the alluvium and basement was thinner and shallower along the upgradient profile where the depth-to-basement was about 70 feet below land surface; the depth-to-basement at the downgradient profile was more than about 140 feet below land surface. The results from the surveys were used to place four monitoring wells at two sites along the survey profiles. Artesian flow from the deepest well at the downgradient site indicated that the decomposed and competent basement likely contributed some groundwater to the overlying alluvium, laterally, from below, or both.
A digital three-dimensional geologic framework model was constructed using EarthVision software to represent the subsurface geometry of the alluvium, decomposed basement, and competent basement. Maps and cross sections of the modeled thicknesses of the alluvium and decomposed basement, and the modeled elevation of the top of the competent basement, were made to show the subsurface geometry of vertical faults, selected wells, and the groundwater-bearing units.
Because natural recharge is related to the variable cycles of precipitation, estimates are difficult to quantify. Recharge and runoff have extreme interannual variability in the study area; recharge and runoff can be sporadic, and a substantive amount may not occur in some years. Estimates of recharge from a previous study and the regional-scale Basin Characterization Model for California for four different periods ranged from 3,800 acre-feet/year for 1897–1947 to 5,900 acre-feet/year for 1971–2000. Potential recharge from the disposal of domestic septic systems may have been as much as 500 acre-feet in 2020. It was estimated that between about 400 and 2,400 acre-feet/year of groundwater is lost through evapotranspiration by vegetation and evaporation from open water bodies, but the main source of discharge is through pumpage, mainly used for agriculture from the alluvium in the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins. The estimated total pumpage for 1991–2021 ranged from about 1,140 acre-feet in 2019 to about 3,450 acre-feet in 1994. When summed, the cumulative amount of estimated pumpage between 1991 and 2021 was about 81,400 acre-feet.
The general direction of groundwater flow is from the northeast along the San Jacinto fault zone at the headwaters of Cahuilla and Hamilton Creeks, to the surface-water outlets at the west and southeast parts of the study area. Groundwater-level data from the 1950s and earlier indicate that there was a natural groundwater divide between the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins, but the changing magnitude and extent of the groundwater depressions caused by pumping since about 1950 indicate that the location of the natural groundwater boundary between the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins has migrated over time.
Flow from the upper to the lower parts of the Cahuilla Valley groundwater basin roughly follows the course of Cahuilla Creek through the narrow Durasno Valley where an estimated volume of flow in April 2019 was about 10–150 acre-feet/year. Short-term trends in groundwater levels, particularly in wells where groundwater is shallow and in the basement unit, show how some areas respond quickly to recharge and discharge. Wells located further to the east within the Cahuilla Valley groundwater basin in the alluvium show much less of a response to recharge events; areas of sustained pumpage from the alluvium, primarily for agriculture, show long-term declines in groundwater levels and generally do not show the effects of storm events or recent runoff. Groundwater levels in wells that are farthest from where most of the recharge occurs and where pumping has been the greatest, had some of the largest long-term groundwater-level declines at a rate of about 0.8 foot/year between 1971 and 2021.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255073","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ramona Band of Cahuilla","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C.L., Christensen, A.H., Cromwell, G., Dick, M.C., Ely, C.P., Jachens, E.R., Ogle, S.E., and Shepherd, M.M., 2025, Hydrogeologic characterization of the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley Groundwater Basins,\nRiverside County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5073, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255073.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 65 p., 3 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-116466","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497529,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93KA4IG","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Select borehole data for Anza Valley, Anza, CA"},{"id":497531,"rank":7,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/images"},{"id":497875,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119059.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":497532,"rank":8,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/sir20255073.XML"},{"id":497530,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DJLSOV","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic data from the Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins, Riverside County, California, 2022 (ver. 2.0, August 2025)"},{"id":497528,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LCEHD7","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electrical resistivity tomography in the Anza-Terwilliger Valley, Riverside County, California 2018"},{"id":497527,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255073/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5073"},{"id":497526,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/sir20255073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5073"},{"id":497525,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5073/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cahuilla Valley and Terwilliger Valley groundwater basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -115.8,\n 33.8\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 33.8\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
This 1:5,000,000-scale geologic map of the Guinevere Planitia quadrangle divides the region into 15 geologic material units, defined using Magellan synthetic aperture radar (12.6-centimeter-wavelength radar system; 75 meters per pixel) datasets and including upland terrain units (2.4 percent of the surface area), plains materials units (59 percent), flow materials associated with named and unnamed eruptive centers (37.2 percent), small volcanic edifices, and impact crater materials (1.4 percent). Upland terrain units consist of tessera and lineated upland material, plains materials consist of Guinevere regional plains and Guinevere lineated and mottled plains, and flow materials consist of lobate flow material and plains-forming flow material. Specific lobate flows associated with Atanua Mons, Tuli Mons, Var Mons, and Uilata Fluctus are mapped separately. Other mapped units are impact crater material and small volcanic edifice. In addition to geologic units, we mapped linear features that show patterns of deformation or flow across the quadrangle. These consist of faults, wrinkle ridges, broad arches, channels, troughs, and flow direction indicators. The map region also contains several small volcanic features: shields, depressions, and craters. These, in combination with the plains, large volcanoes, and coronae, show the pervasive influence of volcanism across Venusian lowlands. The rims of nine identified impact features are delineated; large bright and dark haloes, which in some cases are associated with individual impact craters, are mapped as surficial mantling deposits.
We documented spatial relationships using the stratigraphic and cross-cutting relationships of the quadrangle’s geologic units and features to provide a synthesis of the region’s geologic history. The upland terrain of the quadrangle indicates intense tectonic deformation and uplift. It is exposed as embayed remnants, typically within the plains, and represents the oldest geologic materials locally and across the region. Guinevere plains and the plains-forming flow unit appear to be assemblages of volcanic flows from multiple sources, including distinct coronae and corona-like structures. The temporal evolution of Guinevere lineated and mottled plains was likely protracted, with continued formation of small volcanic edifices over a long period. The morphologic and radar brightness characteristics of volcanoes in the region indicate their growth may have involved (1) multiple large-scale eruptive centers with recognizable spatial and temporal sequences, (2) extensive lava flow fields with a multitude of flows producing complex, overlapping patterns, and (3) numerous small volcanic edifices, including shields, domes, and cones. Although geologic patterns common to other regions of Venus are evident in the Guinevere Planitia quadrangle, local relative age relationships are inconsistent or unclear, preventing robust stratigraphic correlation. The mapping results do, however, indicate complicated local sequences of volcanic and tectonic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3539","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Crown, D.A., Stofan, E.R., Bleamaster, L.F., III, 2025, Geologic map of the Guinevere Planitia quadrangle (V–30), Venus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3539, 1 sheet, scale 1:5,000,000, pamphlet 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3539.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: iv, 15 p.; 1 Sheet: 52.76 x 35.57 inches; Read Me; Database; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101507","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497754,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/database","text":"Database"},{"id":497753,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/sim3539_readme.txt","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":497752,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/sim3539_metadata.xml","size":"16 KB","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"}},{"id":497751,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/sim3539_sheet.pdf","text":"Sheet","size":"14.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3539 Sheet","linkHelpText":"- Geologic Map of the Guinevere Planitia Quadrangle (V–30), Venus"},{"id":497750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/sim3539_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3539 Pamphlet"},{"id":497749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3539/coverthb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","otherGeospatial":"Guinevere Planitia quadrangle, Venus","contact":"Astrogeology Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2255 N. Gemini Dr.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
Program Coordinator, Energy Resources Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 913
Reston, VA 20192
Energy storage for future use is relevant at the national scale due to increasing power requirements and the desire for high-reliability supply. Having the ability to store energy gases underground, specifically natural gas, enables access during seasonal periods or times of unexpected demand. Geologic formations—namely depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs—are ideal underground settings for storing natural gas because they retained gas over geologic time scales. This report presents a methodology for estimating potential volumes of natural gas that can be stored in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. The methodology draws on the expertise of geologists and hydrocarbon production databases to first identify candidate reservoirs and then estimate probable storage volumes. The computed results may be combined into regional and national estimates for follow-on analysis and decision making. An example is provided that shows this methodology being used to evaluate the storage capacity for two “plays”—oil and gas accumulations where similar geologic conditions exist—in the Michigan Basin.
","publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":203357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiens, Ashton M. 0000-0002-7030-0602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7030-0602","contributorId":271176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"Ashton","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Matthew M. 0000-0001-5996-1728","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5996-1728","contributorId":344228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":178091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":206294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":204982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":205698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":205928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":951907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273293,"text":"70273293 - 2025 - Insights into widespread landsliding in southern Appalachia from Hurricane Helene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T13:14:53.379091","indexId":"70273293","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-19T09:49:34","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights into widespread landsliding in southern Appalachia from Hurricane Helene","docAbstract":"Between 23 and 27 September 2024, antecedent rain followed by Hurricane Helene produced one of the most damaging weather events in southern Appalachia history. The back-to-back storm events resulted in a maximum cumulative rainfall of 848 mm and hurricane-force wind gusts over 170 km/h in western North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and southwestern Virginia. The resulting regional flooding, landslides, and tree blowdown caused over 100 fatalities, damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure and thousands of structures, and severed connectivity across the region. Over the next several weeks, a multi-agency landslide response produced a rapid hazard assessment and mapped 2217 landslides, 55% of which damaged infrastructure or property. Orographic uplift enhanced rainfall, resulting in concentrated landsliding along the ~250 km swath of the Blue Ridge escarpment in western North Carolina. Landslides initiated predominantly on windward-facing (southeast-facing) slopes, and localized clustering of initiation points indicated a strong influence of hillslope-scale meteorological and geomorphic factors. Many shallow landslides mobilized into larger, highly mobile, and damaging debris flows that graded into floods. Here, we put our preliminary observations in the context of historical storm-driven landslide events and open new avenues for investigating the nature and extent of landslides and their effects in southern Appalachia and similar environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GSATG625A.1","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, L.N., Rengers, F.K., Mirus, B., Toney, L., Allstadt, K.E., Wooten, R., Moore, P., Burgi, P.M., Witt, A., Bilderback, E., Bauer, J., Korte, D., and Crawford, M., 2025, Insights into widespread landsliding in southern Appalachia from Hurricane Helene: GSA Today, v. 36, no. 1, p. 4-11, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG625A.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"11","ipdsId":"IP-176367","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":498456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/gsatg625a.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"southern Appalachia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.0956246997159,\n 33.16712093076947\n ],\n [\n -80.70056220609001,\n 35.44500558858594\n ],\n [\n -78.92252283909625,\n 36.85612515045237\n ],\n [\n -78.86465883497438,\n 37.53726534359846\n ],\n [\n -81.27319094443648,\n 37.03692920257846\n ],\n [\n -83.98040433088295,\n 36.20191656996158\n ],\n [\n -85.11083948910141,\n 34.93803598167824\n ],\n [\n -84.63563450266271,\n 33.976759781860224\n ],\n [\n -84.49843468082626,\n 33.14701998591154\n ],\n [\n -84.0956246997159,\n 33.16712093076947\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Lauren N. 0000-0003-3216-7983","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-7983","contributorId":241997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mirus, Benjamin B. 0000-0001-5550-014X bbmirus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-014X","contributorId":169597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mirus","given":"Benjamin","email":"bbmirus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toney, Liam 0000-0003-0167-9433","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0167-9433","contributorId":257264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"Liam","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allstadt, Kate E. 0000-0003-4977-5248","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-5248","contributorId":138704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooten, Richard","contributorId":364820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooten","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":24614,"text":"North Carolina Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moore, Patrick","contributorId":364821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":86982,"text":"National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg Forecast Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burgi, Paula Madeline 0000-0003-3001-5759","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3001-5759","contributorId":317875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgi","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"Madeline","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Witt, Anne","contributorId":349948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witt","given":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":83542,"text":"Virginia Department of Energy, Geology and Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bilderback, Eric Leland 0000-0002-2027-5699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-5699","contributorId":349936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bilderback","given":"Eric Leland","affiliations":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bauer, Jennifer","contributorId":364824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[{"id":86985,"text":"Appalachian Landslide Consultants, PLLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Korte, David 0000-0001-9830-4333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-4333","contributorId":349945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korte","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":24614,"text":"North Carolina Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crawford, Matthew","contributorId":224687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crawford","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40489,"text":"Kentucky Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70273288,"text":"70273288 - 2025 - Regional characterization of coal resources in the U.S. Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-05T14:46:57.476228","indexId":"70273288","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-19T08:40:14","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":27,"text":"Preprint"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":32,"text":"Preprint"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18346,"text":"EarthArXiv","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":32}},"title":"Regional characterization of coal resources in the U.S. Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"There is increasing interest in extracting critical minerals (CM), including rare earth elements (REE), from coals in the United States to address the overreliance on imported REE. The U.S. Gulf Coast and the Williston basins are the two major lignite-bearing basins within the country. Recent REE and CM studies of the lignite in these basins have indicated that the coals may be a viable source material for REE and CM extraction. To evaluate in-place coal as a potential source of REE and CM, the coal resources need to be quantified. This study presents the results of a regional analysis of the U.S. Gulf Coast lignite and bituminous coal resources that might be available as potential sources of REE and CM. The resource analysis used kriging methods to develop isopleth maps of cumulative coal thickness throughout the region using data from 31,181 drill holes and other data points. The estimated total coal resource in the Gulf Coast is about 83 billion metric tons in the upper 90 m (~ 300 ft) of the subsurface. Texas accounted for 40 percent (32 billion metric tons) of the total resource, followed by Mississippi (24 %, 20 billion metric tons), Louisiana (14 %, 12 billion metric tons), Tennessee (10 %, 8.5 billion metric tons), and Arkansas (6 %, 5.1 billion metric tons). The remaining states each accounted for less than 5 percent of the total resource. Georgia had the smallest resource estimated at 7 million metric tons. Here we report the first known state-wide lignite resource estimates for Georgia, Kentucky (820 million metric tons), and Missouri (1,800 million metric tons). A comparison of the results of this study with those of previous Gulf Coast and Williston Basin resource studies is difficult because each study used different data sources, assessment methodologies, overburden depths, and qualifying coal thicknesses. Coal-power electric generation has sharply decreased in past decades and mining of these coals for CM and REE could provide additional co-products such as activated carbon and other uses such as fertilizer (soil enhancer).
","language":"English","publisher":"EarthArXiv","doi":"10.31223/X53J17","usgsCitation":"Warwick, P., Reedy, R.C., and Scanlon, B.R., 2025, Regional characterization of coal resources in the U.S. Gulf Coast: EarthArXiv, preprint posted December 19, 2025, https://doi.org/10.31223/X53J17.","productDescription":"31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179450","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498314,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":205928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reedy, Robert C. 0009-0007-4810-7578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4810-7578","contributorId":364779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reedy","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":86975,"text":"The Universality of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scanlon, Bridget R. 0000-0002-1234-4199","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1234-4199","contributorId":328586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":78414,"text":"Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 130, 10100 Burnet Rd., Austin, TX 78758-4445","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273414,"text":"70273414 - 2025 - Integrating theory and empirical patterns: Fish body size distributions, life history traits, and environmental flows in streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-13T14:54:18.322475","indexId":"70273414","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-19T07:46:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating theory and empirical patterns: Fish body size distributions, life history traits, and environmental flows in streams","docAbstract":"Individual size distributions (ISDs) are prominent in ecological research and may support resource managers with ecosystem-scale objectives. We use a database of individual size measurements for US stream fishes to test for direct and indirect effects of traits, flow regimes, and land use on the interspecific ISD exponent. Path analysis indicates that traits have strong, direct effects on ISD. Flow and land use effects on the exponent are largely indirectly mediated by their influences on species traits. ISD exponents increase (abundances of larger-bodied individuals increase, relative to smaller-bodied) when environments favor higher trophic levels, warmer thermal tolerances, and periodic life histories. Alternatively, ISD exponents decrease in systems that favor opportunistic life histories. Our flexible modeling framework that includes direct and indirect effects of traits, flow regimes, and land use on ISD could be expanded to incorporate additional variables that interact with flow (e.g., temperature and physical habitat) to assess of effects of multiple stressors on aquatic ecosystem functioning.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.adu4026","usgsCitation":"Woods, T., McGarvey, D.J., Cashman, M.J., Meador, M.R., Carlisle, D.M., Eng, K., Kopp, D.A., and Maloney, K.O., 2025, Integrating theory and empirical patterns: Fish body size distributions, life history traits, and environmental flows in streams: Science Advances, v. 11, no. 51, eadu4026, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu4026.","productDescription":"eadu4026, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172116","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu4026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, Taylor 0000-0002-6277-1260","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-1260","contributorId":304097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"Taylor","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGarvey, Daniel J.","contributorId":201505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGarvey","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":953630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cashman, Matthew J. 0000-0002-6635-4309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-4309","contributorId":203315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meador, Michael R. 0000-0001-5956-3340 mrmeador@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-3340","contributorId":219878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carlisle, Daren M. 0000-0002-7367-348X dcarlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-348X","contributorId":513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlisle","given":"Daren","email":"dcarlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eng, Ken 0000-0001-6838-5849 keng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-5849","contributorId":3580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eng","given":"Ken","email":"keng@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kopp, Darin A.","contributorId":361648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kopp","given":"Darin","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":953635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70275624,"text":"70275624 - 2025 - Source(s) of the smooth Caloris exterior plains on Mercury: Mapping, remote analyses, and scenarios for future testing with BepiColombo data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-06T14:06:34.780928","indexId":"70275624","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source(s) of the smooth Caloris exterior plains on Mercury: Mapping, remote analyses, and scenarios for future testing with BepiColombo data","docAbstract":"Mercury hosts widespread smooth plains that are concentrated in the Caloris impact basin, in an annulus surrounding the Caloris basin, and in the adjacent northern smooth plains. The origins of these smooth plains are uncertain, although prior work suggests these plains in the northwestern Caloris annulus might reflect volcanic activity, impact ejecta, or a combination of the two. Deciphering the timing and mode of emplacement of these plains would provide a critical constraint on regional late-stage volcanism or impact effects. In this work, the region northwest of Caloris was investigated using geomorphological and color-based mapping, crater counting techniques, and spectral analyses with the goal of placing constraints on the source of the observed units and identifying the primary emplacement mechanism. Mapping and spectral analyses confirm previous findings of two distinct, yet intermingled, units within these plains, each with similar crater count model ages that postdate the formation of the Caloris impact basin. Mapping, spectra analysis, ages, and the identification of potential flow pathways are more consistent with a predominantly volcanic origin for the smooth plains materials, although these data do not rule out contributions from impact ejecta or impact melt. We propose several hypothetical scenarios, including post-emplacement modification by near-surface volatiles, to explain these observations and clarify the emplacement mechanism for these specific smooth plains regions. Further observations from the BepiColombo mission should provide data to potentially address the outstanding questions from this work.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs18010019","usgsCitation":"Golder, K.G., Thompson, B.J., Ostrach, L.R., Burr, D.M., Emery, J.P., and Hiesinger, H., 2025, Source(s) of the smooth Caloris exterior plains on Mercury: Mapping, remote analyses, and scenarios for future testing with BepiColombo data: Remote Sensing, v. 18, no. 1, 19, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010019.","productDescription":"19, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-184196","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mercury","volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golder, Keenan G.","contributorId":371156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golder","given":"Keenan","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":88105,"text":"Roane State Community College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Bradley J.","contributorId":371157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Bradley","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":63836,"text":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostrach, Lillian R. 0000-0002-3107-7321 lostrach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-7321","contributorId":193078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrach","given":"Lillian","email":"lostrach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burr, Devon M.","contributorId":370803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burr","given":"Devon","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Emery, Joshua P.","contributorId":370806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emery","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hiesinger, Harold","contributorId":238485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hiesinger","given":"Harold","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70273795,"text":"70273795 - 2025 - Fungi, fire, and feedbacks: Grasses and wildfire interact to alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and decrease tree seedling growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T16:50:39.742874","indexId":"70273795","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T09:42:35","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fungi, fire, and feedbacks: Grasses and wildfire interact to alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and decrease tree seedling growth","docAbstract":"Wildfire and its effects, including changes to soil biota and the introduction of invasive or seeded grasses, can cause long-term shifts in ecological communities. Post-wildfire establishment of long-lived trees and shrubs is a critical bottleneck to recovering native plant communities. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can improve plant responses to stressors and influence seedling establishment following wildfire, but little is known about how introduced grasses alter plant-fungal relationships and influence woody plant recovery. We investigated how piñon pine (Pinus edulis) EMF colonization and growth responded to soil wildfire history and novel grasses. Piñon seedlings were grown in soils from areas that burned in a stand-replacing fire nearly two decades prior or in soils from unburned piñon-juniper woodlands. Each piñon was grown with an invasive grass (Bromus tectorum), a native rhizomatous grass (Pascopyrum smithii) or another piñon seedling. Even ∼20 years after fire, EMF community composition in burned areas differed from that of unburned woodlands. Fire history and plant neighbor identity interacted to affect EMF abundance. Piñon seedling biomass was positively associated with EMF abundance in unburned woodland soils, but not in post-burn soils, suggesting that the EMF community in unburned woodlands is more beneficial. Importantly, the presence of either an invasive or native grass had a negative effect on seedling growth and EMF abundance, resulting in an average 61.4 % drop in EMF abundance and altered EMF community composition. Our findings suggest that plant species interactions, long-term effects of fire on soil, and EMF may determine the trajectory of woodland recovery following wildfire.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123197","usgsCitation":"Trimber, G., Reed, S.C., Bradford, J., Lauria, C.M., Spector, T., Rondeau, R., Phillips, M.L., and Gehring, C., 2025, Fungi, fire, and feedbacks: Grasses and wildfire interact to alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities and decrease tree seedling growth: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 603, 123197, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.123197.","productDescription":"123197, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179643","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499375,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Mesa Verde National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.5789541418332,\n 37.33103870231841\n ],\n [\n -108.5789541418332,\n 37.15677700278685\n ],\n [\n -108.27805784539187,\n 37.15677700278685\n ],\n [\n -108.27805784539187,\n 37.33103870231841\n ],\n [\n -108.5789541418332,\n 37.33103870231841\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"603","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trimber, G.M.","contributorId":365810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trimber","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[{"id":87225,"text":"Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Campus Box 6077, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Biological Sciences, 617 S Beaver St., Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":217604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":219257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lauria, Cara Marie 0000-0001-8914-8041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-8041","contributorId":271066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauria","given":"Cara","email":"","middleInitial":"Marie","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spector, T.","contributorId":365811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spector","given":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":87226,"text":"U.S. Forest Service, Intermountain Region 4, 324 25th Street, Ogden, Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rondeau, R.J.","contributorId":365812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rondeau","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[{"id":87227,"text":"Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Hesperus, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, Michala Lee 0000-0001-7005-8740","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-8740","contributorId":245186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Michala","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gehring, C.A.","contributorId":365813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehring","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[{"id":87225,"text":"Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes, Campus Box 6077, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona; Department of Biological Sciences, 617 S Beaver St., Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70273670,"text":"70273670 - 2025 - Landscape associations and population genetics of a generalist carnivore at a range limit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T15:40:26.735595","indexId":"70273670","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T09:26:46","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape associations and population genetics of a generalist carnivore at a range limit","docAbstract":"American black bear (Ursus americanus) sightings have increased in the Oklahoma Panhandle, an area outside of the species’ historical range, prompting an assessment of bears in the region. We used camera traps and an occupancy modeling framework to identify factors influencing bear detection and space-use patterns. We used noninvasive genetic sampling techniques to evaluate genetic diversity, population structure, and bear abundance in the region. During the summers of 2022–2023, we deployed cameras at 160 sites across western Oklahoma (USA) and detected ≥1 bear at 20 sites. The most-supported model from our single-season single-species analysis indicated that bear detection was positively associated with temperature and precipitation, negatively associated with day of year, and differed between years. The most-supported model indicated that bear space use was negatively associated with elevation (β = −0.013, 85% CI = −0.025, 0.000), and positively associated with slope (β = 0.645, 85% CI = 0.305, 0.984) and coarse woody debris counts (β = 1.539, 85% CI = 0.314, 2.765). We deployed 41 hair snares in Oklahoma resulting in the collection of 153 hair samples and received 69 tissue samples from black bears harvested in northeastern New Mexico. Using 11 microsatellite markers, we identified 21 (12M:9F) bears in western Oklahoma, and 69 (40M:29F) in New Mexico. We found evidence that bears occurring in Oklahoma were an extension of a previously documented population that occurred in northcentral New Mexico. We detected significant population-level heterozygote deficiency (P = 0.013) compared to expectations under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Using capture with replacement models, we estimated 26 (95% CI = 19–43) bears in western Oklahoma during 2022–2023. Our results provide baseline data on population distribution, abundance, and genetic health of bears in the region and identify factors that may drive human-bear conflicts as the bear population increases in western Oklahoma.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0334492","usgsCitation":"Kleeberg, B.A., Lonsinger, R.C., Adams, J.R., Waits, L.P., and Fairbanks, W.S., 2025, Landscape associations and population genetics of a generalist carnivore at a range limit: PLoS ONE, v. 20, no. 12, e0334492, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334492.","productDescription":"e0334492, 20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177766","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334492","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 37.178660674614676\n ],\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 35.77293937435742\n ],\n [\n -102.98497241644081,\n 35.792025688725346\n ],\n [\n -102.99009181457951,\n 36.495588393533026\n ],\n [\n -102.46725295705954,\n 36.50359277600708\n ],\n [\n -102.43344614818959,\n 37.178660674614676\n ],\n [\n -105.09593028457614,\n 37.178660674614676\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kleeberg, Bailey A.","contributorId":365394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleeberg","given":"Bailey","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lonsinger, Robert Charles 0000-0002-1040-7299","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-7299","contributorId":340524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonsinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":954255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Jennifer R.","contributorId":365395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Jennifer","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":365396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36394,"text":"University of Idaho","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fairbanks, W. Sue","contributorId":365397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"W.","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":954258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275295,"text":"70275295 - 2025 - Extreme plate boundary localization promotes shallow earthquake slip at the Japan Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-28T16:32:04.585826","indexId":"70275295","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T09:10:34","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extreme plate boundary localization promotes shallow earthquake slip at the Japan Trench","docAbstract":"The 2011 Mw9.1 Tohoku-oki earthquake is exceptional among great earthquakes for having peak slip of ~50-70 m on the shallowest portion of the plate boundary megathrust. International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 405 drilled multiple holes through the megathrust in the large slip region and at a Pacific Plate input site. The megathrust preferentially develops at the top or base of the pelagic clay in the input section where pronounced contrasts in physical properties are present. This results in a narrow, weak fault located at a major mechanical contact between frontal prism mud and subducted clay. Localization imposed by the input section enhances the tendency for shallow seismic slip, showing the Japan Trench may be more susceptible to ruptures with large shallow slip than margins without weak clays.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.ady0234","usgsCitation":"Kirkpatrick, J.D., Savage, H.M., Regalla, C., Shreedharan, S., Ross, C., Okuda, H., Nicholson, U., Ujiie, K., Hackney, R., Conin, M., Pei, P., Satolli, S., Zhang, J., Fulton, P., Ikari, M., Kodaira, S., Maeda, L., Okutsu, N., Toczko, S., and Eguchi, N., 2025, Extreme plate boundary localization promotes shallow earthquake slip at the Japan Trench: Science, v. 391, no. 6784, p. 489-493, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady0234.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"493","ipdsId":"IP-177926","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","otherGeospatial":"Japan Trench","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 147.46463671590425,\n 44.751695110947225\n ],\n [\n 143.45394773564965,\n 42.99656944197508\n ],\n [\n 141.39748212921813,\n 40.258271226224046\n ],\n [\n 141.03353353449904,\n 35.35707106743452\n ],\n [\n 143.2501187425633,\n 34.88158042178118\n ],\n [\n 148.0156704581597,\n 44.259073306161916\n ],\n [\n 147.46463671590425,\n 44.751695110947225\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"391","issue":"6784","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkpatrick, Jamie D.","contributorId":370479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"Jamie","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16686,"text":"University of Nevada, Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, Heather M.","contributorId":296588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savage","given":"Heather","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Regalla, Christine 0000-0003-2975-8336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2975-8336","contributorId":254361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regalla","given":"Christine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shreedharan, Srisharan","contributorId":370480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shreedharan","given":"Srisharan","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, Catherine","contributorId":370481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Catherine","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Okuda, Hanaya","contributorId":370482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okuda","given":"Hanaya","affiliations":[{"id":63589,"text":"JAMSTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nicholson, Uisdean","contributorId":370483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Uisdean","affiliations":[{"id":52512,"text":"Heriot-Watt University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ujiie, Kohtaro","contributorId":370484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ujiie","given":"Kohtaro","affiliations":[{"id":27339,"text":"University of Tsukuba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hackney, Ron","contributorId":370485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hackney","given":"Ron","affiliations":[{"id":16807,"text":"Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Conin, Marianne","contributorId":370486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conin","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[{"id":27022,"text":"Universite de Lorraine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pei, Pei","contributorId":370526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pei","given":"Pei","affiliations":[{"id":27334,"text":"Universite Grenoble Alpes","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Satolli, Sara","contributorId":370487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Satolli","given":"Sara","affiliations":[{"id":88033,"text":"University of Chieti-Pescara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Zhang, Junli","contributorId":370488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Junli","affiliations":[{"id":88034,"text":"MARUM, University of Bremen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Fulton, Patrick","contributorId":370489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fulton","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ikari, Matt","contributorId":370490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ikari","given":"Matt","affiliations":[{"id":88034,"text":"MARUM, University of Bremen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Kodaira, Shuichi","contributorId":289698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kodaira","given":"Shuichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Maeda, Lena","contributorId":370491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maeda","given":"Lena","affiliations":[{"id":63589,"text":"JAMSTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Okutsu, Natsumi","contributorId":370492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Okutsu","given":"Natsumi","affiliations":[{"id":63589,"text":"JAMSTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Toczko, Sean","contributorId":370493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toczko","given":"Sean","affiliations":[{"id":63589,"text":"JAMSTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Eguchi, Nobu","contributorId":370494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eguchi","given":"Nobu","affiliations":[{"id":63589,"text":"JAMSTEC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70273306,"text":"70273306 - 2025 - A comprehensive geologic framework of the National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-06T15:08:25.879415","indexId":"70273306","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T08:56:39","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2626,"text":"Lithosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comprehensive geologic framework of the National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional (3D) geologic framework has been developed for the conterminous United States (U.S.) as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Crustal Model to enhance seismic hazard modeling. The geologic framework is created from geologic maps and multiple subsurface geologic unit boundaries including the base of the Miocene, Cenozoic, Phanerozoic, and the Mohorovičić discontinuity. Modifications are made to surficial geologic maps to remove discontinuities across state and country borders. The subsurface distribution of rock type and age is extrapolated from the surface, seeded with subsurface geologic information, and constrained by a map of basement geology. The framework provides the basis for estimates of subsurface seismic velocity and density that is needed to improve estimates of earthquake ground shaking and seismic hazard. The present framework greatly expands and updates a previously published 3D geologic framework of the western part of the U.S. that was itself a first-of-its-kind digital 3D portrayal of the nation.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.2113/2025/lithosphere_2025_117","usgsCitation":"Boyd, O.S., and Sweetkind, D., 2025, A comprehensive geologic framework of the National Crustal Model for seismic hazard studies in the conterminous United States: Lithosphere, v. 2025, no. 4, lithosphere_2025_117, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.2113/2025/lithosphere_2025_117.","productDescription":"lithosphere_2025_117, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-173651","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2113/2025/lithosphere_2025_117","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":498347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ],\n [\n -94.64,\n 48.84\n ],\n [\n -94.32914,\n 48.67074\n ],\n [\n -93.63087,\n 48.60926\n ],\n [\n -92.61,\n 48.45\n ],\n [\n -91.64,\n 48.14\n ],\n [\n -90.83,\n 48.27\n ],\n [\n -89.6,\n 48.01\n ],\n [\n -89.27292,\n 48.01981\n ],\n [\n -88.37811,\n 48.30292\n ],\n [\n -87.43979,\n 47.94\n ],\n [\n -86.46199,\n 47.55334\n ],\n [\n -85.65236,\n 47.22022\n ],\n [\n -84.87608,\n 46.90008\n ],\n [\n -84.77924,\n 46.6371\n ],\n [\n -84.54375,\n 46.53868\n ],\n [\n -84.6049,\n 46.4396\n ],\n [\n -84.3367,\n 46.40877\n ],\n [\n -84.14212,\n 46.51223\n ],\n [\n -84.09185,\n 46.27542\n ],\n [\n -83.89077,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.61613,\n 46.11693\n ],\n [\n -83.46955,\n 45.99469\n ],\n [\n -83.59285,\n 45.81689\n ],\n [\n -82.55092,\n 45.34752\n ],\n [\n -82.33776,\n 44.44\n ],\n [\n -82.13764,\n 43.57109\n ],\n [\n -82.43,\n 42.98\n ],\n [\n -82.9,\n 42.43\n ],\n [\n -83.12,\n 42.08\n ],\n [\n -83.142,\n 41.97568\n ],\n [\n -83.02981,\n 41.8328\n ],\n [\n -82.69009,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -82.43928,\n 41.67511\n ],\n [\n -81.27775,\n 42.20903\n ],\n [\n -80.24745,\n 42.3662\n ],\n [\n -78.93936,\n 42.86361\n ],\n [\n -78.92,\n 42.965\n ],\n [\n -79.01,\n 43.27\n ],\n [\n -79.17167,\n 43.46634\n ],\n [\n -78.72028,\n 43.62509\n ],\n [\n -77.73789,\n 43.62906\n ],\n [\n -76.82003,\n 43.62878\n ],\n [\n -76.5,\n 44.01846\n ],\n [\n -76.375,\n 44.09631\n ],\n [\n -75.31821,\n 44.81645\n ],\n [\n -74.867,\n 45.00048\n ],\n [\n -73.34783,\n 45.00738\n ],\n [\n -71.50506,\n 45.0082\n ],\n [\n -71.405,\n 45.255\n ],\n [\n -71.08482,\n 45.30524\n ],\n [\n -70.66,\n 45.46\n ],\n [\n -70.305,\n 45.915\n ],\n [\n -69.99997,\n 46.69307\n ],\n [\n -69.23722,\n 47.44778\n ],\n [\n -68.905,\n 47.185\n ],\n [\n -68.23444,\n 47.35486\n ],\n [\n -67.79046,\n 47.06636\n ],\n [\n -67.79134,\n 45.70281\n ],\n [\n -67.13741,\n 45.13753\n ],\n [\n -66.96466,\n 44.8097\n ],\n [\n -68.03252,\n 44.3252\n ],\n [\n -69.06,\n 43.98\n ],\n [\n -70.11617,\n 43.68405\n ],\n [\n -70.64548,\n 43.09024\n ],\n [\n -70.81489,\n 42.8653\n ],\n [\n -70.825,\n 42.335\n ],\n [\n -70.495,\n 41.805\n ],\n [\n -70.08,\n 41.78\n ],\n [\n -70.185,\n 42.145\n ],\n [\n -69.88497,\n 41.92283\n ],\n [\n -69.96503,\n 41.63717\n ],\n [\n -70.64,\n 41.475\n ],\n [\n -71.12039,\n 41.49445\n ],\n [\n -71.86,\n 41.32\n ],\n [\n -72.295,\n 41.27\n ],\n [\n -72.87643,\n 41.22065\n ],\n [\n -73.71,\n 40.9311\n ],\n [\n -72.24126,\n 41.11948\n ],\n [\n -71.945,\n 40.93\n ],\n [\n -73.345,\n 40.63\n ],\n [\n -73.982,\n 40.628\n ],\n [\n -73.95232,\n 40.75075\n ],\n [\n -74.25671,\n 40.47351\n ],\n [\n -73.96244,\n 40.42763\n ],\n [\n -74.17838,\n 39.70926\n ],\n [\n -74.90604,\n 38.93954\n ],\n [\n -74.98041,\n 39.1964\n ],\n [\n -75.20002,\n 39.24845\n ],\n [\n -75.52805,\n 39.4985\n ],\n [\n -75.32,\n 38.96\n ],\n [\n -75.07183,\n 38.78203\n ],\n [\n -75.05673,\n 38.40412\n ],\n [\n -75.37747,\n 38.01551\n ],\n [\n -75.94023,\n 37.21689\n ],\n [\n -76.03127,\n 37.2566\n ],\n [\n -75.72205,\n 37.93705\n ],\n [\n -76.23287,\n 38.31921\n ],\n [\n -76.35,\n 39.15\n ],\n [\n -76.54272,\n 38.71762\n ],\n [\n -76.32933,\n 38.08326\n ],\n [\n -76.99,\n 38.23999\n ],\n [\n -76.30162,\n 37.91794\n ],\n [\n -76.25874,\n 36.9664\n ],\n [\n -75.9718,\n 36.89726\n ],\n [\n -75.86804,\n 36.55125\n ],\n [\n -75.72749,\n 35.55074\n ],\n [\n -76.36318,\n 34.80854\n ],\n [\n -77.39763,\n 34.51201\n ],\n [\n -78.05496,\n 33.92547\n ],\n [\n -78.55435,\n 33.86133\n ],\n [\n -79.06067,\n 33.49395\n ],\n [\n -79.20357,\n 33.15839\n ],\n [\n -80.30132,\n 32.50935\n ],\n [\n -80.86498,\n 32.0333\n ],\n [\n -81.33629,\n 31.44049\n ],\n [\n -81.49042,\n 30.72999\n ],\n [\n -81.31371,\n 30.03552\n ],\n [\n -80.98,\n 29.18\n ],\n [\n -80.53558,\n 28.47213\n ],\n [\n -80.53,\n 28.04\n ],\n [\n -80.05654,\n 26.88\n ],\n [\n -80.08801,\n 26.20576\n ],\n [\n -80.13156,\n 25.81677\n ],\n [\n -80.38103,\n 25.20616\n ],\n [\n -80.68,\n 25.08\n ],\n [\n -81.17213,\n 25.20126\n ],\n [\n -81.33,\n 25.64\n ],\n [\n -81.71,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -82.24,\n 26.73\n ],\n [\n -82.70515,\n 27.49504\n ],\n [\n -82.85526,\n 27.88624\n ],\n [\n -82.65,\n 28.55\n ],\n [\n -82.93,\n 29.1\n ],\n [\n -83.70959,\n 29.93656\n ],\n [\n -84.1,\n 30.09\n ],\n [\n -85.10882,\n 29.63615\n ],\n [\n -85.28784,\n 29.68612\n ],\n [\n -85.7731,\n 30.15261\n ],\n [\n -86.4,\n 30.4\n ],\n [\n -87.53036,\n 30.27433\n ],\n [\n -88.41782,\n 30.3849\n ],\n [\n -89.18049,\n 30.31598\n ],\n [\n -89.59383,\n 30.15999\n ],\n [\n -89.41373,\n 29.89419\n ],\n [\n -89.43,\n 29.48864\n ],\n [\n -89.21767,\n 29.29108\n ],\n [\n -89.40823,\n 29.15961\n ],\n [\n -89.77928,\n 29.30714\n ],\n [\n -90.15463,\n 29.11743\n ],\n [\n -90.88022,\n 29.14854\n ],\n [\n -91.62678,\n 29.677\n ],\n [\n -92.49906,\n 29.5523\n ],\n [\n -93.22637,\n 29.78375\n ],\n [\n -93.84842,\n 29.71363\n ],\n [\n -94.69,\n 29.48\n ],\n [\n -95.60026,\n 28.73863\n ],\n [\n -96.59404,\n 28.30748\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 27.83\n ],\n [\n -97.37,\n 27.38\n ],\n [\n -97.38,\n 26.69\n ],\n [\n -97.33,\n 26.21\n ],\n [\n -97.14,\n 25.87\n ],\n [\n -97.53,\n 25.84\n ],\n [\n -98.24,\n 26.06\n ],\n [\n -99.02,\n 26.37\n ],\n [\n -99.3,\n 26.84\n ],\n [\n -99.52,\n 27.54\n ],\n [\n -100.11,\n 28.11\n ],\n [\n -100.45584,\n 28.69612\n ],\n [\n -100.9576,\n 29.38071\n ],\n [\n -101.6624,\n 29.7793\n ],\n [\n -102.48,\n 29.76\n ],\n [\n -103.11,\n 28.97\n ],\n [\n -103.94,\n 29.27\n ],\n [\n -104.45697,\n 29.57196\n ],\n [\n -104.70575,\n 30.12173\n ],\n [\n -105.03737,\n 30.64402\n ],\n [\n -105.63159,\n 31.08383\n ],\n [\n -106.1429,\n 31.39995\n ],\n [\n -106.50759,\n 31.75452\n ],\n [\n -108.24,\n 31.75485\n ],\n [\n -108.24194,\n 31.34222\n ],\n [\n -109.035,\n 31.34194\n ],\n [\n -111.02361,\n 31.33472\n ],\n [\n -113.30498,\n 32.03914\n ],\n [\n -114.815,\n 32.52528\n ],\n [\n -114.72139,\n 32.72083\n ],\n [\n -115.99135,\n 32.61239\n ],\n [\n -117.12776,\n 32.53534\n ],\n [\n -117.29594,\n 33.04622\n ],\n [\n -117.944,\n 33.62124\n ],\n [\n -118.4106,\n 33.74091\n ],\n [\n -118.51989,\n 34.02778\n ],\n [\n -119.081,\n 34.078\n ],\n [\n -119.43884,\n 34.34848\n ],\n [\n -120.36778,\n 34.44711\n ],\n [\n -120.62286,\n 34.60855\n ],\n [\n -120.74433,\n 35.15686\n ],\n [\n -121.71457,\n 36.16153\n ],\n [\n -122.54747,\n 37.55176\n ],\n [\n -122.51201,\n 37.78339\n ],\n [\n -122.95319,\n 38.11371\n ],\n [\n -123.7272,\n 38.95166\n ],\n [\n -123.86517,\n 39.76699\n ],\n [\n -124.39807,\n 40.3132\n ],\n [\n -124.17886,\n 41.14202\n ],\n [\n -124.2137,\n 41.99964\n ],\n [\n -124.53284,\n 42.76599\n ],\n [\n -124.14214,\n 43.70838\n ],\n [\n -124.02053,\n 44.6159\n ],\n [\n -123.89893,\n 45.52341\n ],\n [\n -124.07963,\n 46.86475\n ],\n [\n -124.39567,\n 47.72017\n ],\n [\n -124.68721,\n 48.18443\n ],\n [\n -124.5661,\n 48.37971\n ],\n [\n -123.12,\n 48.04\n ],\n [\n -122.58736,\n 47.096\n ],\n [\n -122.34,\n 47.36\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 48.18\n ],\n [\n -122.84,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -120,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -117.03121,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -116.04818,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -113,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -110.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -107.05,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -104.04826,\n 48.99986\n ],\n [\n -100.65,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -97.22872,\n 49.0007\n ],\n [\n -95.15907,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -95.15609,\n 49.38425\n ],\n [\n -94.81758,\n 49.38905\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"United States\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2025","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":210808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":953290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70273849,"text":"70273849 - 2025 - USGS Flow Photo Explorer is still going and growing!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T14:22:07.263598","indexId":"70273849","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-18T08:34:11","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":18358,"text":"Flow Photo Explorer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"USGS Flow Photo Explorer is still going and growing!","docAbstract":"The Flow Photo Explorer (FPE) platform continues to grow rapidly as a national resource for using imagery to monitor environmental conditions. As of early December 2025, FPE now supports more than 350 users, operating across more than 600 monitoring sites. The database has expanded to over 12 million images, 800,000 annotations, and approximately 160 trained models, reflecting accelerating engagement from federal, state, tribal, academic and nonprofit partners.
Please see two critical updates below. Thank you for your continued support and contributions, we’re looking forward to many exciting improvements in the year to come!
The Mississippi Sound, an estuarine environment located between the mainland and barrier islands bordering the northern Gulf of America (formerly the Gulf of Mexico), serves as a vital ecosystem for the States of Mississippi and Alabama. Spanning approximately 100 kilometers from east to west and covering 1,400 square kilometers, the sound is home to marine industry and ports, and its shallow and brackish waters sustain a diverse array of marine life. Barrier islands along the southern edge of the sound separate the microtidal estuary from the Gulf of America. This protection from gulf wave action mediates current flow within the sound, resulting in predominantly fine-grained sediment deposition along the seafloor. This study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, provides insight on fluvial and tidal processes spanning the past 5,000 years. The report synthesizes existing research to provide a comprehensive overview of the sound geology, from Pleistocene origins to present-day morphology, and utilizes high-resolution single channel seismic profiles and sediment data to identify and map sedimentary deposits and morphologic features at and below the seafloor. Despite its ecological significance, the Mississippi Sound faces environmental challenges, including water-quality issues, habitat degradation, storm-induced erosion, and the ongoing threats of sea-level rise and environmental changes. This study uses the present-day understanding of the sound's geology to inform coastal management decisions, hazard assessment, and potential mineral resources.
Contact Us- USGS Publications Warehouse
Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Blue Mesa Reservoir, in the Curecanti National Recreation Area, is the largest storage reservoir in Colorado and consists of three distinct basins: Iola (the shallowest), Cebolla, and Sapinero. After algal toxins were first documented in Iola basin in 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study in cooperation with the National Park Service, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, Gunnison County, Project 7 Water Authority, and Uncompahgre Valley Water Users Association to better understand occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and identify possible causal mechanisms to potentially inform management strategies.
Toxic cyanoHABS occurred when the algal toxin microcystin exceeded a concentration of 8 micrograms per liter primarily in Iola basin in 2018 and 2020–22, years having some of the lowest reservoir water-level elevations (reservoir levels) since 1984. The toxic cyanoHABs started in mid-September and continued through the fall months. Algal abundance was greatest in Iola basin compared to Cebolla and Sapinero basins, with Aphanizomenon, a toxin-producing cyanobacterium, being the most abundant. During blooms, enhanced algal photosynthesis caused elevated pH and dissolved oxygen concentrations especially in Iola basin. Continuous monitor data in Iola basin indicated peaks in phycocyanin fluorescence, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration that preceded the onset of toxic cyanoHABs by about 2 weeks potentially indicating a useful early warning monitoring strategy for future response to toxic cyanoHABs. Long-term trends showed increases in mean air and surface-water temperatures and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the reservoir but no change in nutrient inputs from major tributaries. In Iola basin, reservoir level was positively correlated with Secchi disk depth and inversely correlated with total phosphorus concentration. Because of its shallow depth, the effect of low reservoir levels may disproportionately affect Iola basin compared to other basins, resulting in algal blooms and toxin production especially at reservoir levels below about 7,470 feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Elevated phosphorus at low reservoir level likely was primarily phosphorus contained in algal tissue.
This report indicates that the main driver for recent toxic cyanoHABs in Iola basin is low reservoir level that likely causes favorable conditions (shallow and warm) for algal growth and increased recruitment of algae from bottom sediments such as during wind-driven turbulence. Control of external nutrients to the reservoir is unlikely to help control algal blooms because Aphanizomenon fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere, and there is an abundant geogenic source of phosphorus. Maintenance of reservoir levels greater than about 7,470 feet might help minimize the occurrence of toxic cyanoHABs. Additional data could help better understand how the timing and duration of reservoir levels below 7,470 feet contribute to toxic cyanoHABs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20255109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Colorado River Water Conservation District, Upper Gunnison River Water Conservancy District, Gunnison County, Project 7 Water Authority, and Uncompahgre Valley Water Users Association","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., Day, N.K., Mast, M.A., Gidley, R.G., Gohring, E.J., King, T.V., Day, W.C., Gibney, N.D., and Bauch, N.J., 2025, Environmental characterization of Blue Mesa Reservoir and potential causes of and management strategies for harmful algal blooms, 1970 through 2023, Curecanti National Recreation Area, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2025–5109, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255109.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 64 p.; 8 Linked Appendix Tables; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-175517","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/sir20255109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2025-5109"},{"id":497593,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":497595,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/sir20255109.XML"},{"id":497597,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/images"},{"id":497596,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20255109/full"},{"id":497601,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P14VZMGQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Phytoplankton, algal toxin, and water-quality data for Blue Mesa Reservoir, Colorado, 1970–2023"},{"id":497600,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":497599,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/downloads/sir20255109_appendix2_tables.zip","text":"Appendix 2","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 2.1 to 2.3"},{"id":497598,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2025/5109/downloads/sir20255109_appendix1_tables.zip","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Tables 1.1 to 1.5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Blue Mesa Reservoir, Curecanti National Recreation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.33792466715349,\n 38.52947110278791\n ],\n [\n -107.33792466715349,\n 38.44323521066457\n ],\n [\n -107.054272974311,\n 38.44323521066457\n ],\n [\n -107.054272974311,\n 38.52947110278791\n ],\n [\n -107.33792466715349,\n 38.52947110278791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 415
Denver, CO 80225
Blue Mesa Reservoir (Blue Mesa), in the Curecanti National Recreation Area, is the largest storage reservoir in Colorado and consists of three distinct basins: Iola (the shallowest), Cebolla, and Sapinero. After algal toxins were first documented in Iola basin in 2018, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study to better understand occurrence of toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) and identify possible causal mechanisms to potentially inform management strategies. Harmful algal blooms occurred in Blue Mesa when concentration of a toxic substance produced by dying algae was greater than health advisory levels, prompting no contact warnings for humans and their pets in Blue Mesa. This condition occurred starting in September and lasted as late as early November in Iola basin in 2018 and 2020–22. These years had some of the lowest recorded reservoir water-level elevations since 1984. Iola basin had the greatest amount of algae compared to Cebolla and Sapinero Basins, and a type of algae that could produce toxins was the most abundant. Multiple climate and water-quality indicators were examined in the reservoir and its tributaries to determine the causes of toxic HABs in Blue Mesa. The results indicate that the main cause for recent toxic HABs in Iola basin may be low reservoir level that likely causes favorable conditions (shallow and warm) for algal growth and increased release of algae from bottom sediments, for example, during wind-driven turbulence. Control of external nutrients to the reservoir is unlikely to help control algal blooms because the toxin-producing algae can use nitrogen from the atmosphere, and there are abundant geologic sources of phosphorus providing that nutrient to Blue Mesa. Maintenance of reservoir water-level elevation greater than about 7,470 feet might help minimize the occurrence of toxic HABs in Blue Mesa.
","publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":336569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Natalie K. 0000-0002-8768-5705","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8768-5705","contributorId":207302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Natalie","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":211054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gidley, Rachel G. 0000-0002-9840-8252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-8252","contributorId":259315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gidley","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gohring, Evan J. 0000-0002-2229-9512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-9512","contributorId":315496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohring","given":"Evan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Tyler V. 0000-0002-5785-3077","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-3077","contributorId":292424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tyler","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gibney, Nicole D.","contributorId":364297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibney","given":"Nicole","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bauch, Nancy J. 0000-0002-0302-2892","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-2892","contributorId":364298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauch","given":"Nancy","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70273088,"text":"fs20253054 - 2025 - Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-03T16:57:11.180664","indexId":"fs20253054","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-17T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2025-3054","displayTitle":"Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Haynesville Formation Within the Onshore United States and State Waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","title":"Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024","docAbstract":"Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean resources of 152 million barrels of oil and 47.9 trillion cubic feet of gas in reservoirs of the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20253054","usgsCitation":"Gardner, R., Flaum, J.A., Birdwell, J.E., Kinney, S.A., Pitman, J.K., Paxton, S.T., French, K.L., Mercier, T.J., Leathers-Miller, H.M., and Schenk, C.J., 2025, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Haynesville Formation within the onshore United States and State waters of the Gulf Coast Basin, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2025–3054, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20253054.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-170936","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497815,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119056.htm"},{"id":497508,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1AQ879T","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Gulf Coast Mesozoic Province, Haynesville Formation—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Tables, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":497639,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3054/images/"},{"id":497638,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3054/fs20253054.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"FS 2025-3054 XML"},{"id":497637,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253054/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2025-3054 HTML"},{"id":497506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3054/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":497507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2025/3054/fs20253054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2025-3054 PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -85.5,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Urban runoff containing high amounts of nutrients like phosphorus (P) is a well-established driver of surface water eutrophication. In residential areas, a primary source of nutrients is derived from leaf litter. P contained in leaves is leached and transported by stormwater from source to stream. The majority of P leached from leaf litter is in the dissolved phase, which can be difficult to remove using conventional treatment practices, leaving source control as the most viable option. Additional tools are needed to help forecast how different tree species may improve or hinder contributions of nutrients to runoff. For this reason, ten street tree species that are common throughout the contiguous U.S. were chosen to evaluate the effect of species on leachable P from tree leaves using laboratory experiments. After 48 h of exposure to water, the amount of P released ranged from 2.16 mg P g−1 leaf for Silver Maple to 0.03 mg P g−1 leaf for Hackberry. More than half of the P was lost in the first 12 h for eight of the ten tree species, making guided source control important to reduce inputs to surface water from key locations. Results were used to identify ‘hotspots’ of P leaching in Madison, WI and can be used to assess current street tree inventories that can then guide management to areas with the highest nutrient reduction potential and inform urban foresters who may wish to tailor future planting scenarios that minimize nutrients in runoff.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08858-3","collaboration":"U.S. Forest Service, University of Wisconsin-Madison","usgsCitation":"Collin Klaubauf, Anita Thompson, Selbig, W.R., and Laxmir Prasad, 2025, Quantifying leachable phosphorus from the leaves of common midwest urban street trees and implications for stormwater management: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 237, 269, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-025-08858-3.","productDescription":"269, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-174216","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-025-08858-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.18404405740438,\n 43.22776059386794\n ],\n [\n -89.64470062715654,\n 43.22776059386794\n ],\n [\n -89.64470062715654,\n 42.95864817099735\n ],\n [\n -89.18404405740438,\n 42.95864817099735\n ],\n [\n -89.18404405740438,\n 43.22776059386794\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"237","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collin Klaubauf","contributorId":364361,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collin Klaubauf","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anita Thompson","contributorId":364362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anita Thompson","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laxmir Prasad","contributorId":364364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laxmir Prasad","affiliations":[{"id":18002,"text":"University of Wisconsin - Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70273834,"text":"70273834 - 2025 - Virulence evolution of a salmonid virus following a host jump","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-05T15:19:25.582457","indexId":"70273834","displayToPublicDate":"2025-12-17T08:08:50","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virulence evolution of a salmonid virus following a host jump","docAbstract":"Emergent viral diseases remain a critical obstacle to welfare across landscapes and species, encompassing humans, wildlife, and agriculture. Following a jump to a novel host, the severity of disease resulting from infection is a critical determinant of the overall emergent pathogen threat. Conventional wisdom posits that virulence, defined here as host mortality, attenuates to intermediate levels as a pathogen adapts to a novel host, but this is largely based on data from just one system, myxoma virus, which was intentionally introduced as a biocontrol agent in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in mid-1900s Australia. In this study, we demonstrate that infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), which made a host jump from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, ancestral host) to rainbow trout (O. mykiss, novel host), has not conformed to classical theory. We quantified virulence in the ancestral and novel hosts using common garden in vivo experiments with 16 archival IHNV isolates collected from 1972-2017, which span the period from shortly after the host jump and the subsequent 45 years of host adaptation. These virus isolates also represent two distinct phylogenetic genogroups, each associated with either the ancestral or novel host. The experiments were replicated across two research facilities, two challenges dosages, and two temperatures. While isolates from the ancestral genogroup showed no temporal change in virulence in either host, isolates from the novel viral genogroup displayed a significant increase in virulence over time in the novel host. Some possible indication of a virus temperature adaption after the host jump was also present. Potential drivers of virulence evolution are discussed. This represents one of only a handful of systems in which the evolution of increased virulence has been empirically characterized after a host jump and subsequent adaptation. It contributes to a growing body of evidence that contradicts the classical case study of myxoma virus attenuation after adaptation.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1013806","usgsCitation":"Loeher, M.M., Kurath, G., Kennedy, D.A., Salzer, J.E., Batts, W.N., Breyta, R.B., and Wargo, A.R., 2025, Virulence evolution of a salmonid virus following a host jump: PLoS Pathogens, v. 21, no. 12, e1013806, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013806.","productDescription":"e1013806, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176452","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1013806","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":499580,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeher, Malina Mariko 0000-0001-9589-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-5641","contributorId":365991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeher","given":"Malina","middleInitial":"Mariko","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":220175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, David A.","contributorId":365992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"David","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":87303,"text":"The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salzer, Joanne E. 0000-0002-6235-2779","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-2779","contributorId":345081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salzer","given":"Joanne","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":82486,"text":"Formerly USGS, Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Batts, William N. 0000-0002-6469-9004 bbatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6469-9004","contributorId":3815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batts","given":"William","email":"bbatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":955125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Breyta, Rachel B. 0000-0002-9106-1014","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9106-1014","contributorId":365995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breyta","given":"Rachel","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":87304,"text":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wargo, Andrew R.","contributorId":365996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87305,"text":"Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":955127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}