Ninety-four blood samples were collected from 48 (29 males and 19 females) free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) captured in southern Florida (USA) from 1983 to 1994 for routine hematological and serum biochemical analysis. Florida panthers in the northern portion of their range had significantly higher red blood cell (mean ± SD = 7.923 × 106 ± 0.854 × 106/μl), hemoglobin (12.53 ± 1.66 g/dl), and packed cell volume (36.97 ± 4.27%) values compared to those of panthers localized in more southern parts of Florida (7.148 × 106 ± 1.045 × 106/μl, 11.60 ± 1.62 g/dl, and 34.82 ± 5.99%, respectively). Adults had significantly higher mean serum total protein (7.50 ± 0.59 g/dl) and packed cell volume (36.90 ± 4.97%) values than juveniles (6.88 ± 0.49 g/dl and 34.54 ± 5.30%). However, mean serum albumin concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (3.80 ± 0.26 g/dl) when compared to adult values (3.58 ± 0.26 g/dl). Mean serum calcium concentrations were significantly higher in juveniles (10.33 ± 0.39 mg/dl) than in adults (9.66 ± 0.45 mg/dl). Additionally, mean serum iron concentrations were significantly higher in those panthers of intergrade genetic stock compared to values in those of authentic genetic stock (105.6 ± 72.1 μg/dl versus 59.3 ± 19.7 μg/dl, respectively).
During 1989-1992, spring surveys of randomly selected, 1-km2 plots, stratified by physiographic strata, were conducted in the Atlantic flyway from New Hampshire to Virginia, to estimate mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) pairs. All potential waterfowl habitat in each plot was checked by ground crews. The adjusted mean mallard pair estimate over the 4-year period was 300,849 (range 271,193-320,642, mean SE 22,455) for the region surveyed. Ground plot checks are a practical way to survey mallard pairs in the upper Atlantic flyway.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802116","usgsCitation":"Heusmann, H., and Sauer, J., 1997, A survey for mallard pairs in the Atlantic flyway: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1191-1198, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802116.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1191","endPage":"1198","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201808,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic flyway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.13897441301259,\n 45.30186587969985\n ],\n [\n -78.156631094868,\n 45.30186587969985\n ],\n [\n -78.156631094868,\n 36.632804273458504\n ],\n [\n -71.13897441301259,\n 36.632804273458504\n ],\n [\n -71.13897441301259,\n 45.30186587969985\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heusmann, H.W.","contributorId":83231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heusmann","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223429,"text":"5223429 - 1997 - Survival rates of American woodcock wintering in the Georgia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-08T15:48:40.835015","indexId":"5223429","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of American woodcock wintering in the Georgia Piedmont","docAbstract":"We estimated survival rates of wintering American woodcock (Scolopax minor). We found no age- or sex-specific differences in period survival rates. The survival rate for the period 25 December 1994-7 February 1995 for all age and sex classes combined (0.72) was not different from a similarly derived estimate for woodcock wintering along the Atlantic Coast. Survival rates of wintering woodcock are relatively low compared to other seasons.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802133","usgsCitation":"Krementz, D.G., and Berdeen, J., 1997, Survival rates of American woodcock wintering in the Georgia Piedmont: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1328-1332, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802133.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1328","endPage":"1332","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200126,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"B.F. Grant Memorial Forest, Oconee National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.53959281625409,\n 33.379347025802076\n ],\n [\n -83.53959281625409,\n 33.21335040019173\n ],\n [\n -83.44197111014189,\n 33.21335040019173\n ],\n [\n -83.44197111014189,\n 33.379347025802076\n ],\n [\n -83.53959281625409,\n 33.379347025802076\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db6960fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berdeen, James","contributorId":54319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berdeen","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6964,"text":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30018,"text":"wri964038D - 1997 - Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T15:03:59","indexId":"wri964038D","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4038","chapter":"D","title":"Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fish communities were surveyed at 20 stream sites in agricultural areas in eastern Wisconsin in 1993 and 1995 as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. These streams, designated \"benchmark streams,\" were selected for study because of their potential use as regional references for healthy streams in agricultural areas, based on aquatic communities, habitat, and water chemistry. The agricultural benchmark streams were selected from four physical settings, or relatively homogeneous units (RHU's), that differ in bedrock type, texture of surficial deposits, and land use. Additional data were collected along with the fish-community data, including measures of habitat, water chemistry, and population surveys of algae and benthic invertebrates. Of the 20 sites, 19 are classified as trout (salmonid) streams. Fish species that require cold or cool water were the most commonly collected. At least one species of trout was collected at 18 sites, and trout were the most abundant species at 13 sites. The species with the greatest collective abundance, and collected at 18 of the 20 sites, were mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), a coldwater species. The next most abundant species were brown trout (Salmo trutta), followed by brook trout (Salvelinusfontinalis), creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). In all, 31 species of fish were collected. The number of species per stream ranged from 2 to 14, and the number of individuals collected ranged from 19 to 264. According to Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores, 5 sites were rated excellent, 10 sites rated good, 4 rated fair, and 1 rated poor. The ratings of the five sites in the fair to poor range were low for various reasons. Two sites appeared to have more warmwater species than was ideal for a high-quality coldwater stream. One was sampled during high flow and the results may not be valid for periods of normal flow; the other may have been populated by migrating warmwater species. Two sites had insufficient deep-water habitat to support large numbers offish, especially top carnivores. Finally, one stream may be too cool to support enough warmwater species and too warm to support trout. In general, two methods of evaluating site habitat indicate that habitat is not a limiting factor for fish communities. However, two sites were rated as fair according to both habitat evaluation methods due to low base flow. Two sites rated below good according to one habitat evaluation method but rated good or excellent according to the other. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of data for 17 sites showed three station groupings. These groupings fell along RHU divisions and each group was associated with one of three trout species. A species-richness gradient was evident on the station-ordination diagram. Intolerant species were associated with each grouping, a reflection of the generally high water quality at the sites. However, no significant differences were found between IBI scores or habitat indices among the site groupings. The DCA axis 1 and 2 scores correlated with average velocity and percent pool as well as RHU factors percent sandy surficial deposits, percent wetland, percent agriculture, and bedrock. Average velocity was highest at three sites which also had among the highest measured flow and largest drainage areas. Percent pool was generally lower at sites with smaller percentages of sandy surficial deposits, with one exception. The usefulness of ordination methods in conjunction with more traditional methods of defining biotic integrity (IB I) has been noted in previous studies. In this study, however, perhaps because of the relative homogeneity of the benchmark streams, the IBI did not correlate with the same kinds of factors as the DCA axis scores did.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964038D","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, D.J., and Peterson, E.M., 1997, Fish communities of benchmark streams in agricultural areas of eastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4038, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964038D.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4038d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 45.46783598133375\n ],\n [\n -86.737060546875,\n 43.1090040242731\n ],\n [\n -89.483642578125,\n 43.1090040242731\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Western Lake Michigan Drainages","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3189","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, D. J.","contributorId":94693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, E. M.","contributorId":70805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23486,"text":"ofr94621 - 1997 - Robust regional phase association","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"ofr94621","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-621","title":"Robust regional phase association","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94621","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C., Lindh, A., and Hirshorn, B., 1997, Robust regional phase association: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-621, 16 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94621.","productDescription":"16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0621/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52788,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0621/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fea81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C.E.","contributorId":31741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirshorn, B.F.","contributorId":27889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirshorn","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2374,"text":"wsp2457 - 1997 - Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24043,"text":"ofr95298 - 1995 - Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia","indexId":"ofr95298","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2374,"text":"wsp2457 - 1997 - Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia","indexId":"wsp2457","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T11:07:52","indexId":"wsp2457","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2457","title":"Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia","docAbstract":"Growth within the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia has focused concern about allocation of surface-water flow and increased demands on the ground-water resources. Potential surface-water yield was determined from statistical analysis of base-flow characteristics of streams. Base-flow characteristics also may provide a relative indication of the potential ground-water yield for areas that lack sufficient specific capacity or will-yield data; however, other factors need to be considered, such as geologic structure, lithology, precipitation, relief, and the degree of hydraulic interconnection between the regolith and bedrock.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2457","usgsCitation":"Nelms, D.L., Harlow, G., and Hayes, D., 1997, Base-flow characteristics of streams in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont physiographic provinces of Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2457, Report: v, 48 p.; Plate: 34.62 x 22.48 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2457.","productDescription":"Report: v, 48 p.; Plate: 34.62 x 22.48 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":27,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2457","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":344894,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2457/pdf/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":344895,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2457/pdf/wsp_2457.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649225","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":145100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayes, Donald C.","contributorId":52945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Donald C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019485,"text":"70019485 - 1997 - Analysis of habitat selection studies with multiple patches within cover types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T16:42:10.655466","indexId":"70019485","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of habitat selection studies with multiple patches within cover types","docAbstract":"Current statistical methods are inadequate for evaluation of the relation between spatial pattern of the landscape and observed patterns of habitat use by individuals or populations. For example, traditional habitat selection analysis methods do not use information about the size and distribution of the several patches of each cover type that may exist within the study area. Statistical tests are presented for hypotheses about disproportional use of cover types and patches within cover types. These tests require that use of individual patches is recorded, as well as the size of individual patches. Different designs are considered in which there are (1) single or multiple samples of use, and (2) equal or unequal habitat availability. Formulas for calculating Type II statistical errors of the tests are presented and Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the accuracy of the formulas and to check the Type I error rates of the proposed test statistics. With adequate sample sizes, Type II error formulas can be a useful tool for planning of habitat selection studies. An example analysis is presented of a hypothetical study of habitat selection by ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in a Midwestern landscape. The proposed tests also represent a contribution toward bringing together concepts of landscape ecology and wildlife habitat selection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802098","usgsCitation":"Otis, D.L., 1997, Analysis of habitat selection studies with multiple patches within cover types: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1016-1022, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802098.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1016","endPage":"1022","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226295,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb1ae4b0c8380cd48c0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otis, David L.","contributorId":64396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26903,"text":"wri964203 - 1997 - Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:43:51","indexId":"wri964203","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4203","title":"Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia","docAbstract":"Stream-temperature measurements for 198 periodic and 22 daily record stations were analyzed using a harmonic curve-fitting procedure. Statistics of data from 78 selected stations were used to compute a statewide stream-temperature harmonic equation, derived using latitude, drainage area, and altitude for natural streams having drainage areas greater than about 40 square miles. Based on the 1955-84 reference period, the equation may be used to compute long-term natural harmonic stream-temperature coefficients to within an on average of about 0.4? C. \r\n\r\nBasin-by-basin summaries of observed long-term stream-temperature characteristics are included for selected stations and river reaches, particularly along Georgia's mainstem streams. Changes in the stream- temperature regimen caused by the effects of development, principally impoundments and thermal power plants, are shown by comparing harmonic curves and coefficients from the estimated natural values to the observed modified-condition values.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964203","usgsCitation":"Dyar, T., and Alhadeff, S.J., 1997, Stream-temperature characteristics in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4203, xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964203.","productDescription":"xiii, 150 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":13460,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wrir96-4203/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55784,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87,30 ], [ -87,38 ], [ -80,38 ], [ -80,30 ], [ -87,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyar, T.R.","contributorId":81528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyar","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alhadeff, S. Jack","contributorId":77561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alhadeff","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4892,"text":"ds42 - 1997 - Gravity data of Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ds42","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"42","title":"Gravity data of Nevada","docAbstract":"Gravity data for the entire state of Nevada and adjacent parts of California, Utah, and Arizona are available on this CD-ROM. About 80,000 gravity stations were compiled primarily from the National Geophysical Data Center and the U.S. Geological Survey. Gravity data was reduced to the Geodetic Reference System of 1967 and adjusted to the Gravity Standardization Net 1971 gravity datum. Data were processed to complete Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies by applying standard gravity corrections including terrain and isostatic corrections. Selected principal fact references and a list of sources for data from the National Geophysical Data Center are included.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds42","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607866365","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., 1997, Gravity data of Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 42, 28 p., 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds42.","productDescription":"28 p., 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":625,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-42/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,35 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114.03416666666666,42 ], [ -114.03416666666666,35 ], [ -120,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db67214c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27743,"text":"wri964198 - 1997 - Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T10:31:28","indexId":"wri964198","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4198","title":"Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan","docAbstract":"A steady-state model of pesticide leaching through the unsaturated zone was used with readily available hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics to estimate the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer to atrazine contamination from non-point sources in Kent County, Michigan. The modelcomputed fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table, RM, was used as the vulnerability criterion; time of travel to the water table also was computed. Model results indicate that the average fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table was 0.039 percent; the fraction ranged from 0 to 3.6 percent. Time of travel of atrazine from the soil surface to the water table averaged 17.7 years and ranged from 2.2 to 118 years.
Three maps were generated to present three views of the same atrazine vulnerability characteristics using different metrics (nonlinear transformations of the computed fractions remaining). The metrics were chosen because of the highly (right) skewed distribution of computed fractions. The first metric, rm = RMλ (where λ was 0.0625), depicts a relatively uniform distribution of vulnerability across the county with localized areas of high and low vulnerability visible. The second metric, rmλ-0.5, depicts about one-half the county at low vulnerability with discontinuous patterns of high vulnerability evident. In the third metric, rmλ-1.0 (RM), more than 95 percent of the county appears to have low vulnerability; small, distinct areas of high vulnerability are present.
Aquifer vulnerability estimates in the RM metric were used with a steady-state, uniform atrazine application rate to compute a potential concentration of atrazine in leachate reaching the water table. The average estimated potential atrazine concentration in leachate at the water table was 0.16 μg/L (micrograms per liter) in the model area; estimated potential concentrations ranged from 0 to 26 μg/L. About 2 percent of the model area had estimated potential atrazine concentrations in leachate at the water table that exceeded the USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) maximum contaminant level of 3 μg/L.
Uncertainty analyses were used to assess effects of parameter uncertainty and spatial interpolation error on the variability of the estimated fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that parameter uncertainty is associated with a standard error of 0.0875 in the computed fractions (in the rm metric). Results of kriging analysis indicate that errors in spatial interpolation are associated with a standard error of 0.146 (in the rm metric). Thus, uncertainty in fractions remaining is primarily associated with spatial interpolation error, which can be reduced by increasing the density of points where the leaching model is applied.
A sensitivity analysis indicated which of 13 hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics were influential in determining fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results indicate that fractions remaining are most sensitive to the unit changes in pesticide half life and in organic-carbon content in soils and unweathered rocks, and least sensitive to infiltration rates.
The leaching model applied in this report provides an estimate of the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer in Kent County to contamination by atrazine. The vulnerability estimate is related to water-quality criteria developed by the USEPA to help assess potential risks from atrazine to the near-surface aquifer. However, atrazine accounts for only 28 percent of the herbicide use in the county; additional potential for contamination exists from other pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Therefore, additional work is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relative risks associated with specific pesticides. The modeling approach described in this report provides a technique for estimating relative vulnerabilities to specific pesticides and for helping to assess potential risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri964198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Luukkonen, C.L., 1997, Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4198, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964198.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kent County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5639,43.294],[-85.445,43.294],[-85.3229,43.293],[-85.3147,43.2929],[-85.3143,43.206],[-85.3127,43.1182],[-85.3136,43.0304],[-85.3132,42.9436],[-85.311,42.8567],[-85.3112,42.7694],[-85.5485,42.7677],[-85.7839,42.7674],[-85.7881,43.0289],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.6746,43.2929],[-85.5639,43.294]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kent\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4939,"text":"fs11797 - 1997 - Great and Little Miami River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:41:01","indexId":"fs11797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117-97","displayTitle":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","title":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","docAbstract":"Implementation of a National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study in the The Great and Little Miami River Basins area will increase scientific understanding of natural processes and human activities that affect the quality of water in streams and aquifers. This information will benefit water-resource managers that need, but often lack, the data required to implement effective water-quality management actions and evaluate long-term changes in water quality.
Water quality has improved significantly in the Great and Little Miami River Basins over the past few decades because of improvements in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. However, the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the quality of rivers and ground-water resources remain a priority concern of water-resource managers and planners, state and local governments, and citizen groups. Some of these effects relate to nonpoint sources of contaminants and are the subject of ongoing research and watershed management projects such as the Lower Great Miami Watershed Enhancement Program, the Little Miami Partnership, the Stillwater Watershed Project, Indian Lake Watershed Project, and the Miami Conservancy District's Groundwater 2000 Program. Water resource managers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins area are currently addressing the following water-quality issues:
Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
64640 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Recovering gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in the Lake Superior region of the United States are prompting state management agencies to consider strategies to control population growth. In addition to wolf removal, vasectomy has been proposed. To predict the population effects of different sterilization and removal strategies, we developed a simulation model of wolf dynamics using simple rules for demography and dispersal. Simulations suggested that the effects of vasectomy and removal in a disjunct population depend largely on the degree of annual immigration. With low immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production and resulted in lower rates of territory recolonization. Consequently, average pack size, number of packs, and population size were significantly less than those for an untreated population. Periodically removing a proportion of the population produced roughly the same trends as did sterilization; however, more than twice as many wolves had to be removed than sterilized. With high immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production but not territory recolonization and produced only moderate reductions in population size relative to an untreated population. Similar reductions in population size were obtained by periodically removing large numbers of wolves. Our analysis does not address the possible effects of vasectomy on larger wolf populations, but it suggests that the subject should be considered through modeling or field testing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802099","usgsCitation":"Haight, R., and Mech, L., 1997, Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1023-1031, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802099.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1031","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 49.00122833831827\n ],\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 46.46316874168821\n ],\n [\n -84.38367982550294,\n 46.46316874168821\n ],\n [\n -84.38367982550294,\n 49.00122833831827\n ],\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 49.00122833831827\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haight, R.G.","contributorId":75493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haight","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27416,"text":"wri964078 - 1997 - Nutrients, benthic algae, and stream quality during low streamflow in the Palouse River basin, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri964078","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4078","title":"Nutrients, benthic algae, and stream quality during low streamflow in the Palouse River basin, Washington and Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964078","usgsCitation":"Greene, K., Munn, M., and Ebbert, J., 1997, Nutrients, benthic algae, and stream quality during low streamflow in the Palouse River basin, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4078, vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964078.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122806,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4078/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56274,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4078/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6966e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, K.E.","contributorId":46132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, M.D.","contributorId":77908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4858,"text":"ds43 - 1997 - Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T18:49:43","indexId":"ds43","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project","docAbstract":"The Sierra Nevada ecosystem project was requested by Congress in the Conference Report for Interior and related Agencies 1993 Appropriation Act, which authorized funds for a scientific review of the remaining old growth in the national forests of the Sierra Nevada in California, and for a study of the entire Sierra Nevada ecosystem by an independent panel of scientists, with expertise in diverse areas related to this issue. This CD-ROM is a digital version of the set of reports titled 'Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project, final report to Congress' published in paper form by the Centers for Water and Wildland Resources of the University of California, Davis.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ds43","usgsCitation":"SNEP team, 1997, Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 43, Online resource; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds43.","productDescription":"Online resource; 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-43/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4d4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Erman, Don C.","contributorId":95466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erman","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"SNEP team","contributorId":128171,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"SNEP team","id":528389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016511,"text":"1016511 - 1997 - Spring feeding on ungulate carcasses by grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T16:34:36.708903","indexId":"1016511","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring feeding on ungulate carcasses by grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"We studied the spring use of ungulate carcasses by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) on ungulate winter ranges in Yellowstone National Park. We observed carcasses and bear tracks on survey routes that were travelled biweekly during spring of 1985-90 in the Firehole-Gibbon winter range and spring of 1987-90 in the Northern winter range. The probability that grizzly bears used a carcass was positively related to elevation and was lower within 400 m of a road, or within 5 km of a major recreational development compared to elsewhere. Carcass use peaked in April, coincident with peak ungulate deaths. Grizzly bears also were more likely to use carcasses in the Firehole-Gibbon compared to Northern Range study area. We attributed the effects of study area and elevation to the fact that grizzly bears den and are first active in the spring at high elevations and to differences in densities of competing scavengers. Probability of grizzly bear use was strongly related to body mass of carcasses on the Northern Range where densities of coyotes (Canis latrans) and black bears (U. americanus) appeared to be much higher than in the Firehole-Gibbon study area. We suggest that additional restrictions on human activity in ungulate winter ranges or movement of carcasses to remote areas could increase grizzly bear use of carrion. Fewer competing scavengers and greater numbers of adult ungulates vulnerable to winter mortality could have the same effect.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802101","usgsCitation":"Green, G.I., Mattson, D.J., and Peek, J.M., 1997, Spring feeding on ungulate carcasses by grizzly bears in Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1040-1055, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802101.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1040","endPage":"1055","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0668701195666,\n 45.00873935447427\n ],\n [\n -111.0668701195666,\n 43.355725337446756\n ],\n [\n -108.95601558623747,\n 43.355725337446756\n ],\n [\n -108.95601558623747,\n 45.00873935447427\n ],\n [\n -111.0668701195666,\n 45.00873935447427\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Gerald I.","contributorId":77117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peek, James M.","contributorId":112338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peek","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28199,"text":"wri954284 - 1997 - Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:37:00","indexId":"wri954284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4284","title":"Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models were constructed and assessed as part of a water-quality study of the Willamette River Basin. The study was a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) and was coordinated with the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study of the Willamette River. Routing models are needed to estimate streamflow so that water-quality constituent loads can be calculated from measured concentrations and so that sources, sinks, and downstream changes in those loads can be identified. Runoff models are needed to estimate ungaged-tributary inflows for routing models and to identify flow contributions from different parts of the basin. The runoff and routing models can be run either separately or together to simulate streamflow at various locations and to examine streamflow contributions from overland flow, shallow-subsurface flow, and ground-water flow.
\nThe 11,500-square-mile Willamette River Basin was partitioned into 21 major basins and 253 subbasins. For each subbasin, digital data layers of land use, soils, geology, and topography were combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to define hydrologic response units (HRU's), the basic computational unit for the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). Spatial data layers were also used to calculate noncalibrated PRMS parameter values. Other PRMS parameter values were obtained from 10 nearby calibrated subbasins of representative location and character.
\nAbout 760 miles of the Willamette River system were partitioned into 4 main-stem networks and 17 major tributary networks for streamflow routing. Data from time-of-travel studies, discharge measurements, and flood analyses were used to develop equations that related stream cross-sectional area to discharge and stream width to discharge. These relations were derived for all 21 stream networks at approximately 3-mile intervals and used in the Diffusion Analogy Flow model (DAFLOW) in streamflow routing.
\nTen representative runoff models and 11 network-routing models were calibrated for water years 1972-75 and verified for water years 1976-78. These were the periods with the most complete and widespread streamflow record for the Willamette River Basin. Observed and estimated daily precipitation and daily minimum and maximum air temperature were used as input to the runoff models. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2) for the representative runoff models ranged from 0.69 to 0.93 for the calibration period and from 0.63 to 0.92 for the verification period; absolute errors ranged from 18 to 39 percent and from 27 to 51 percent, respectively. Bias error for the runoff modeling ranged from + 13 to -32 percent. Observed daily streamflow data were used as input to the network-routing models where available, and simulated streamflows from runoff model results were used for ungaged areas. Absolute error for the network-routing models ranged from about 21 percent for the Molalla River model, for which 70 percent of the subbasin was ungaged, to about 4 percent for the Willamette main-stem model (Albany to Salem), for which only 9 percent of the subbasin was ungaged.
\nWith an input of current streamflow, precipitation, and air temperature data the combined runoff and routing models can provide current estimates of streamflow at almost 500 locations on the main stem and major tributaries of the Willamette River with a high degree of accuracy. Relative contributions of surface runoff, subsurface flow, and ground-water flow can be assessed for 1 to 10 HRU classes in each of 253 subbasins identified for precipitation-runoff modeling. Model outputs were used with a water-quality model to simulate the movement of dye in the Pudding River as an example
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri954284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Risley, J.C., 1997, Precipitation-runoff and streamflow-routing models for the Willamette River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4284, vii, 197 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954284.","productDescription":"vii, 197 p.","numberOfPages":"207","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57037,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":159174,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 46.5739667965278\n ],\n [\n -120.904541015625,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -123.57421875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69b810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27475,"text":"wri954143 - 1997 - Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of nutrient management on quality of surface runoff and ground water at a small carbonate-rock site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, 1984-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-03T21:47:22.750868","indexId":"wri954143","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4143","title":"Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of nutrient management on quality of surface runoff and ground water at a small carbonate-rock site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, 1984-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection conducted a study from 1984 to 1990 to determine theeffects of the implementation and practice of nutrient management [an agricultural best-management practice (BMP)] on the quality of surface runoff and ground water at a 55-acre crop and livestock farm in carbonate terrain nearEphrata, Pa. Implementation of nutrient management at Field-Site 2 resulted in application decreases of 33 percent for nitrogen and 29 percent for phosphorus. There wereno significant changes in nitrogen or phosphorusloads for a given amount of runoff from the pre-BMP to the post-BMP periods. However, less than 2 percent of the applied nutrients weredischarged with runoff throughout the study period.After the implementation of nutrient management, statistically significant decreases in concentrations of nitrate in ground-water samples occurred at threeof the four wells monitored throughout the pre- and post-BMP periods. The largest decreases in nitrate concentrations occurred at wells where samples hadthe largest nitrate concentrations prior to nutrient management. Changes in nitrogen applications to the contributing areas of five wells were correlated with nitrate concentrations of the well water. The correlations between the timing and amount of applied nitrogen and changes in ground-water quality met the four conditions that are characteristic of a cause-effect relation: an association, consistency, responsiveness, and a mechanism. Changes in ground-water nitrate concentrations lagged behind changes in loading of nitrogen fertilizers (primarily manure) by approximately 4 to 19 months.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954143","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.W., Lietman, P., and Koerkle, E.J., 1997, Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Effects of nutrient management on quality of surface runoff and ground water at a small carbonate-rock site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, 1984-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4143, viii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954143.","productDescription":"viii, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48241.htm"},{"id":56326,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4143/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Ephrata","otherGeospatial":"Conestoga River headwaters","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.1875,\n 40.1992\n ],\n [\n -76.1806,\n 40.1992\n ],\n [\n -76.1806,\n 40.1961\n ],\n [\n -76.1875,\n 40.1961\n ],\n [\n -76.1875,\n 40.1992\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lietman, P. L.","contributorId":63040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koerkle, E. J.","contributorId":39020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":4959,"text":"fs09797 - 1997 - Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"fs09797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"097-97","title":"Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs09797","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., and Kapadia, A., 1997, Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 097-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fs_097_97.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e230c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapadia, Amit","contributorId":52558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapadia","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5192,"text":"fs07297 - 1997 - Have nitrate concentrations changed in water in the alluvial aquifer of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin since 1984?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"fs07297","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"072-97","title":"Have nitrate concentrations changed in water in the alluvial aquifer of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin since 1984?","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs07297","usgsCitation":"Brendle, D.L., 1997, Have nitrate concentrations changed in water in the alluvial aquifer of the upper Black Squirrel Creek Basin since 1984?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 072-97, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07297.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. maps","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31929,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640ead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brendle, Daniel L.","contributorId":76283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brendle","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6719,"text":"fs12097 - 1997 - Withdrawals of ground water and surface water in New Jersey, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"fs12097","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"120-97","title":"Withdrawals of ground water and surface water in New Jersey, 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs12097","usgsCitation":"Nawyn, J.P., 1997, Withdrawals of ground water and surface water in New Jersey, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 120-97, 1 sheet : ill., maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12097.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill., maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0120/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34110,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0120/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e04dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nawyn, John P. 0000-0002-9918-8394 jnawyn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-8394","contributorId":4308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nawyn","given":"John","email":"jnawyn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29202,"text":"wri964175 - 1997 - Estimation of nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland, water years 1986-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri964175","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4175","title":"Estimation of nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland, water years 1986-90","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected at stream sites in the Patuxent River Basin from 1986 through 1990 were used to estimate loads of nutrients and otherconstituents. Studies were performed to determine the adequacy of the water-quality data for load estimation and to evaluate load estimation methods.A regression-based estimator and a ratio estimator were used to estimate loads. Comparisons indicated that the estimators provided similar levels of accuracy when constituent concentration data were available from the entire discharge range.When high-discharge concentration data were not available, it appeared that the regression-based estimator could overestimate loads of some constituents, whereas the ratio estimator appeared to underestimate some loads. The ratio estimator was selected for application in this study because the temporal inconsistencies in the sampling frequencies and patterns represented violations of the assumptions of the regression-based method.Ratio estimator load-estimate quality varied because high-flow concentration data were not available during some years. Preliminary estimation of the base-flow percentages of total loads was performed by calculating conservatively high and conservatively low base-flow load estimates, to provide limits for the actual base-flow percentage. The highest base-flow percentages--at the Unity, Savage, and Killpeck Creek sites--were for total nitrogen, because nitate from ground-water input isthe largest percentage of total nitrogen at those sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964175","usgsCitation":"Preston, S.D., and Summers, R., 1997, Estimation of nutrient and suspended-sediment loads in the Patuxent River basin, Maryland, water years 1986-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4175, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964175.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4175/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58061,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4175/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6a04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Preston, S. D.","contributorId":105770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Preston","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Summers, R.M.","contributorId":9662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5616,"text":"fs13797 - 1997 - Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:39:17","indexId":"fs13797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137-97","title":"Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an effort to examine interactions between the global carbon cycle and human-induced changes to the land surface, such as farming and urbanization. Investigations in the Mississippi River basin will provide the data needed for calculating the global significance of land-use changes on land-based carbon cycling. These data are essential for predicting and mitigating the effects of global environmental change.
The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project is focused on the third largest river system in the world. The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain more than 40% of the conterminous United States. The basin includes areas that typify vast regions of the Earth's surface that have undergone human development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13797","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Bliss, N.B., Stallard, R.F., and Sundquist, E.T., 1997, Can the global carbon budget be balanced? (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 137-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs137-97/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sundquist, Eric T. 0000-0002-1449-8802 esundqui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-8802","contributorId":1922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","email":"esundqui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}