A steady-state model of pesticide leaching through the unsaturated zone was used with readily available hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics to estimate the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer to atrazine contamination from non-point sources in Kent County, Michigan. The modelcomputed fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table, RM, was used as the vulnerability criterion; time of travel to the water table also was computed. Model results indicate that the average fraction of atrazine remaining at the water table was 0.039 percent; the fraction ranged from 0 to 3.6 percent. Time of travel of atrazine from the soil surface to the water table averaged 17.7 years and ranged from 2.2 to 118 years.
Three maps were generated to present three views of the same atrazine vulnerability characteristics using different metrics (nonlinear transformations of the computed fractions remaining). The metrics were chosen because of the highly (right) skewed distribution of computed fractions. The first metric, rm = RMλ (where λ was 0.0625), depicts a relatively uniform distribution of vulnerability across the county with localized areas of high and low vulnerability visible. The second metric, rmλ-0.5, depicts about one-half the county at low vulnerability with discontinuous patterns of high vulnerability evident. In the third metric, rmλ-1.0 (RM), more than 95 percent of the county appears to have low vulnerability; small, distinct areas of high vulnerability are present.
Aquifer vulnerability estimates in the RM metric were used with a steady-state, uniform atrazine application rate to compute a potential concentration of atrazine in leachate reaching the water table. The average estimated potential atrazine concentration in leachate at the water table was 0.16 μg/L (micrograms per liter) in the model area; estimated potential concentrations ranged from 0 to 26 μg/L. About 2 percent of the model area had estimated potential atrazine concentrations in leachate at the water table that exceeded the USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) maximum contaminant level of 3 μg/L.
Uncertainty analyses were used to assess effects of parameter uncertainty and spatial interpolation error on the variability of the estimated fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results of Monte Carlo simulations indicate that parameter uncertainty is associated with a standard error of 0.0875 in the computed fractions (in the rm metric). Results of kriging analysis indicate that errors in spatial interpolation are associated with a standard error of 0.146 (in the rm metric). Thus, uncertainty in fractions remaining is primarily associated with spatial interpolation error, which can be reduced by increasing the density of points where the leaching model is applied.
A sensitivity analysis indicated which of 13 hydrologic, lithologic, and pesticide characteristics were influential in determining fractions of atrazine remaining at the water table. Results indicate that fractions remaining are most sensitive to the unit changes in pesticide half life and in organic-carbon content in soils and unweathered rocks, and least sensitive to infiltration rates.
The leaching model applied in this report provides an estimate of the vulnerability of the near-surface aquifer in Kent County to contamination by atrazine. The vulnerability estimate is related to water-quality criteria developed by the USEPA to help assess potential risks from atrazine to the near-surface aquifer. However, atrazine accounts for only 28 percent of the herbicide use in the county; additional potential for contamination exists from other pesticides and pesticide metabolites. Therefore, additional work is needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relative risks associated with specific pesticides. The modeling approach described in this report provides a technique for estimating relative vulnerabilities to specific pesticides and for helping to assess potential risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri964198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Luukkonen, C.L., 1997, Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4198, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964198.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4198/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Kent County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.5639,43.294],[-85.445,43.294],[-85.3229,43.293],[-85.3147,43.2929],[-85.3143,43.206],[-85.3127,43.1182],[-85.3136,43.0304],[-85.3132,42.9436],[-85.311,42.8567],[-85.3112,42.7694],[-85.5485,42.7677],[-85.7839,42.7674],[-85.7881,43.0289],[-85.79,43.2035],[-85.7917,43.2923],[-85.6746,43.2929],[-85.5639,43.294]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kent\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c401","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luukkonen, C. L.","contributorId":28962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4939,"text":"fs11797 - 1997 - Great and Little Miami River Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:41:01","indexId":"fs11797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"117-97","displayTitle":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","title":"Great and Little Miami River Basins","docAbstract":"Implementation of a National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program study in the The Great and Little Miami River Basins area will increase scientific understanding of natural processes and human activities that affect the quality of water in streams and aquifers. This information will benefit water-resource managers that need, but often lack, the data required to implement effective water-quality management actions and evaluate long-term changes in water quality.
Water quality has improved significantly in the Great and Little Miami River Basins over the past few decades because of improvements in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastes. However, the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the quality of rivers and ground-water resources remain a priority concern of water-resource managers and planners, state and local governments, and citizen groups. Some of these effects relate to nonpoint sources of contaminants and are the subject of ongoing research and watershed management projects such as the Lower Great Miami Watershed Enhancement Program, the Little Miami Partnership, the Stillwater Watershed Project, Indian Lake Watershed Project, and the Miami Conservancy District's Groundwater 2000 Program. Water resource managers in the Great and Little Miami River Basins area are currently addressing the following water-quality issues:
Director, Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
64640 Busch Blvd, Suite 100
Columbus, OH 43229
Recovering gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations in the Lake Superior region of the United States are prompting state management agencies to consider strategies to control population growth. In addition to wolf removal, vasectomy has been proposed. To predict the population effects of different sterilization and removal strategies, we developed a simulation model of wolf dynamics using simple rules for demography and dispersal. Simulations suggested that the effects of vasectomy and removal in a disjunct population depend largely on the degree of annual immigration. With low immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production and resulted in lower rates of territory recolonization. Consequently, average pack size, number of packs, and population size were significantly less than those for an untreated population. Periodically removing a proportion of the population produced roughly the same trends as did sterilization; however, more than twice as many wolves had to be removed than sterilized. With high immigration, periodic sterilization reduced pup production but not territory recolonization and produced only moderate reductions in population size relative to an untreated population. Similar reductions in population size were obtained by periodically removing large numbers of wolves. Our analysis does not address the possible effects of vasectomy on larger wolf populations, but it suggests that the subject should be considered through modeling or field testing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802099","usgsCitation":"Haight, R., and Mech, L., 1997, Computer simulation of vasectomy for wolf control: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 4, p. 1023-1031, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802099.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1023","endPage":"1031","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193364,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 49.00122833831827\n ],\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 46.46316874168821\n ],\n [\n -84.38367982550294,\n 46.46316874168821\n ],\n [\n -84.38367982550294,\n 49.00122833831827\n ],\n [\n -92.49668460890183,\n 49.00122833831827\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7620","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haight, R.G.","contributorId":75493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haight","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4858,"text":"ds43 - 1997 - Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T18:49:43","indexId":"ds43","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"43","title":"Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project","docAbstract":"The Sierra Nevada ecosystem project was requested by Congress in the Conference Report for Interior and related Agencies 1993 Appropriation Act, which authorized funds for a scientific review of the remaining old growth in the national forests of the Sierra Nevada in California, and for a study of the entire Sierra Nevada ecosystem by an independent panel of scientists, with expertise in diverse areas related to this issue. This CD-ROM is a digital version of the set of reports titled 'Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project, final report to Congress' published in paper form by the Centers for Water and Wildland Resources of the University of California, Davis.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ds43","usgsCitation":"SNEP team, 1997, Status of the Sierra Nevada: the Sierra Nevada Ecosystem Project (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 43, Online resource; 1 CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds43.","productDescription":"Online resource; 1 CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":572,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-43/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4d4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Erman, Don C.","contributorId":95466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erman","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"SNEP team","contributorId":128171,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"SNEP team","id":528389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4959,"text":"fs09797 - 1997 - Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:39","indexId":"fs09797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"097-97","title":"Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs09797","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., and Kapadia, A., 1997, Floods in northern Illinois, July 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 097-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fs_097_97.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0097/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0097/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e230c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kapadia, Amit","contributorId":52558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kapadia","given":"Amit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5616,"text":"fs13797 - 1997 - Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:39:17","indexId":"fs13797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"137-97","title":"Can the global carbon budget be balanced?","docAbstract":"The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an effort to examine interactions between the global carbon cycle and human-induced changes to the land surface, such as farming and urbanization. Investigations in the Mississippi River basin will provide the data needed for calculating the global significance of land-use changes on land-based carbon cycling. These data are essential for predicting and mitigating the effects of global environmental change.
The Mississippi Basin Carbon Project is focused on the third largest river system in the world. The Mississippi River and its tributaries drain more than 40% of the conterminous United States. The basin includes areas that typify vast regions of the Earth's surface that have undergone human development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs13797","usgsCitation":"Markewich, H., Bliss, N.B., Stallard, R.F., and Sundquist, E.T., 1997, Can the global carbon budget be balanced? (Online version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 137-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32121,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":278,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs137-97/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0137/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7869","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markewich, Helaine W.","contributorId":38973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markewich","given":"Helaine 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growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina","docAbstract":"Numerous investigations have examined the growth of wetland tree species under a variety of hydrologic conditions. Most studies have compared flooded versus non-flooded conditions in greenhouses or in one to a few field sites near each other or within the same region. Comparisons of wetland tree growth among widely separated areas of the country are rare. This study compared the diameter growth of Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora, Nyssa aquatica, and Taxodium distichum trees from Louisiana (Gulf Coastal Plain) and South Carolina (Atlantic Coastal Plain). In both regions, individual trees were distributed along a gradient of hydrologic regimes from infrequent to permanent flooding. Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora was restricted to periodically flooded sites in both regions. Within these sites, this species showed little response to differences in mean water depth. In contrast, significant differences among hydrologic regimes were detected for N. aquatica in both regions. In Louisiana, patterns of growth response did not correlate with the gradient of hydrologic regimes, but in South Carolina maximum growth was inversely related to mean water levels during the growing season. Maximum growth of T. distichum trees was observed at sites with shallow, permanent flooding in both regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03901-1","usgsCitation":"Keeland, B.D., Conner, W., and Sharitz, R.R., 1997, A comparison of wetland tree growth response to hydrologic regime in Louisiana and South Carolina: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 90, no. 2-3, p. 237-250, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03901-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.558.1339","text":"External Repository"},{"id":367626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Barataria Basin, Island Creek,, Pearl River Swamp, Upper Three Runs Creek, Verret 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,{"id":70202462,"text":"70202462 - 1997 - Defining the temporal and geographic limits for an urban mapping study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-29T08:28:31","indexId":"70202462","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T11:57:52","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Defining the temporal and geographic limits for an urban mapping study","docAbstract":"Urban mapping research has demonstrated that historic maps can be integrated with remotely sensed data and related geographic information to successfully detect changing urban land characteristics for large metropolitan areas. Effective and efficient temporal mapping requires that procedures be defined for selecting the temporal range and geographic extent of a study area. Procedures were developed using the Chicago-Milwaukee and Portland-Vancouver metropolitan areas as examples.
Establishing the proper temporal scale requires that one capture the time periods that are critical to characterize the growth experienced in an area. Several factors, including population peaks, significant historical events, and data availability, should be considered together before determining the temporal range and increments for a study.
The geographic extent must not only encompass the areas of significant change but also the landscape that is most threatened by future human impacts. Several factors to consider when defining the geographic limits of a study include growth patterns, development trends, local environmental issues and concerns, data needs of local organizations, and the practical constraints of schedules and resource requirements to map the area defined.
The appropriate selection of temporal and geographic limits is essential to insure efficient mapping and relevance of the database for future studies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference, Toronto, Canada, 19–23 July 1997, Paper and Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"July 19-23, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Toronto, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Urban and Regional Information Systems Association","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, J.T., and Acevedo, W., 1997, Defining the temporal and geographic limits for an urban mapping study, in Acting locally, connecting globally, Annual Conference, Toronto, Canada, 19–23 July 1997, Paper and Abstracts, Toronto, Canada, July 19-23, 1997.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361683,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/landcover.usgs.gov/urban/umap/pubs/urisa_jtb.php.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Janis Taylor","contributorId":80350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Janis","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70246543,"text":"70246543 - 1997 - Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:45:45.386524","indexId":"70246543","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T10:42:58","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3503,"text":"Surveys in Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity","docAbstract":"New observations of magnetic, electric and electromagnetic field variations, possibly related to recent volcanic and seismic events, have been obtained on Mt. Unzen in Japan, Reunion Island in Indian Ocean, the Long Valley volcanic caldera in California, and for faults in China and Russia, California and several other locations. For volcanic events, contributions from different physical processes can be identified during the various eruption stages. Slow processes (weeks to months) include near-surface thermal demagnetization effects, piezomagnetic effects, and effects from rotation/displacement of magnetized material. Rapid processes (seconds to days) include piezomagnetic effects from instantaneous stress redistribution with explosive eruptions and electrokinetic effects from rupture of high pressure fluid compartments commonly encountered in volcanic regions. For seismic events, the observed coseismic offsets are instantaneous, provided care has been taken to ensure sensors are insensitive to seismic shaking and are in regions of low magnetic field gradient. Simple piezomagnetic dislocation models based on geodetically and seismically determined fault parameters generally match the observed signals in size and sign. Electrokinetic effects resulting from rupture of fluid filled compartments at hydrostatic to lithostatic pore pressures can generate transient signals in the frequency band 100 Hz to 0.01 Hz. However, large-scale fluid driven processes are not evident in near-field measurements in the epicentral region minutes to weeks before large earthquakes. The subset of ionospheric disturbances generated by trapped atmospheric pressure waves (also termed gravity waves and/or acoustic waves, traveling ionospheric disturbances or TID's) that are excited by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are common and propagate to great distances. These are known and expected consequences of earthquakes, volcanic explosions (and other atmospheric disturbances), that must be identified and their effects removed from VLF/ULF electromagnetic field records before associating new observations of ionospheric disturbances with earthquake activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/a:1006500408086","usgsCitation":"Johnston, M., 1997, Review of electric and magnetic fields accompanying seismic and volcanic activity: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 18, p. 441-476, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006500408086.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202327,"text":"70202327 - 1997 - Population analysis of faint galaxies with mixture modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T10:33:22","indexId":"70202327","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T10:32:10","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":914,"text":"Astronomical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population analysis of faint galaxies with mixture modeling","docAbstract":"We investigate the use of spectral mixture modeling to decompose the integrated spectra of several galaxies. This technique uses a linear combination of template spectra to model over 93% of the variance in Kennicutt's sample of galaxy spectra. One result of our model is a stellar population parameter for each galaxy, which correlates with both star formation rate and the population's mass-to-light ratio. Armed with the template spectra, we use mixture modeling to develop a photometric system that is independent of redshift, in order to more precisely measure the color evolution of galaxies. We show how to use the photometric system to model the composition of high-redshift galaxies in terms of the template spectra, and hence estimate their star-formation history. This photometric technique avoids being biased by the nucleus, unlike techniques which rely on slit spectra.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","doi":"10.1086/118526","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Spillar, E.J., and Johnson, P., 1997, Population analysis of faint galaxies with mixture modeling: Astronomical Journal, v. 114, no. 3, p. 958-964, https://doi.org/10.1086/118526.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"958","endPage":"964","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spillar, Earl J.","contributorId":213503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spillar","given":"Earl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Paul","contributorId":25453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203533,"text":"70203533 - 1997 - A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T15:01:29","indexId":"70203533","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T08:53:25","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation","docAbstract":"A computer program written in SAS ® code for the Box–Cox family of power transformations is presented. The purpose of the program is to suggest a power transformation for the positive continuous response variables in only regression and ANOVA models. A brief overview of data transformation in regression and analysis of variance is given.An example using real data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency‘s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program/Estuaries (EMAP-E) illustrates the use of the program.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005798521296","usgsCitation":"Malaeb, Z.A., 1997, A SAS® code to correct for non-normality and non-constant variance in regression and anova models using the box-cox method of power transormation: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 47, no. 3, p. 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005798521296.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malaeb, Ziad A.","contributorId":215704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malaeb","given":"Ziad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23333,"text":"ofr9797 - 1997 - Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-08T14:41:28.882276","indexId":"ofr9797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-97","title":"Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"Alameda County is located at the northern end of the Diablo Range of Central California. It is bounded on the north by the south flank of Mount Diablo, one of the highest peaks in the Bay Area, reaching an elevation of 1173 meters (3,849 ft). San Francisco Bay forms the western boundary, the San Joaquin Valley borders it on the east and an arbitrary line from the Bay into the Diablo Range forms the southern boundary. Alameda is one of the nine Bay Area counties tributary to San Francisco Bay. Most of the country is mountainous with steep rugged topography. Alameda County is covered by twenty-eight 7.5' topographic Quadrangles which are shown on the index map.
\nThe Quaternary deposits in Alameda County comprise three distinct depositional environments. One, forming a transgressive sequence of alluvial fan and fan-delta facies, is mapped in the western one-third of the county. The second, forming only alluvial fan facies, is mapped in the Livermore Valley and San Joaquin Valley in the eastern part of the county. The third, forming a combination of Eolian dune and estuarine facies, is restricted to the Alameda Island area in the northwestern corner of the county.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9797","usgsCitation":"Helley, E.J., and Graymer, R., 1997, Quaternary geology of Alameda County, and parts of Contra Costa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, San Francisco, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin Counties, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-97, Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9797.","productDescription":"Report: 13 p.; 2 Plates: 36.51 x 33.21 inches and 20.00 × 14.89 inches; Readme; Database; Maps: PostScript files","numberOfPages":"13","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284223,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr9797.jpg"},{"id":1693,"rank":9,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404091,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18708.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":284217,"rank":5,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1_readme.txt"},{"id":284218,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqmap.pdf","text":"Plate 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284220,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqexpl.pdf","text":"Plate 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284222,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/alqps.tar.Z"},{"id":284221,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/al_q1.tar.Z"},{"id":284219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/alqgeo.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52632,"rank":10,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0097/pdf/of97-97.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Stateplane projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda County, Contra Costa County, San Francisco County, San Joaquin County, San Mateo County, Santa Clara County, Stanislaus County","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Range, Mount Diablo","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,38.0 ], [ -121.375,37.375 ], [ -122.375,37.375 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helley, E. 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W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23334,"text":"ofr9798 - 1997 - Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:07","indexId":"ofr9798","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-98","title":"Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9798","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Helley, E.J., and Graymer, R., 1997, Quaternary geology of Contra Costa County, and surrounding parts of Alameda, Marin, Sonoma, Solano, Sacramento, and San Joaquin counties, California: a digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-98, 9 p. pamphlet, 28 cm.; 1 map [sheet 1], 36 x 28.5 in.; 1 explanation sheet [sheet 2], 20 x 15 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9798.","productDescription":"9 p. pamphlet, 28 cm.; 1 map [sheet 1], 36 x 28.5 in.; 1 explanation sheet [sheet 2], 20 x 15 in.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":551,"text":"San Francisco Bay Region Geology and Geologic Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52633,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Stateplane California Zone 3","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,38.1175 ], [ -121.5,37.6175 ], [ -122.5,37.6175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helley, E. J.","contributorId":76330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helley","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graymer, R. W.","contributorId":21174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21858,"text":"ofr9786 - 1997 - The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr9786","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-86","title":"The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9786","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Menzie, W., Singer, D., Karangan, N., and Tresnadi, I., 1997, The Hila Prospect; a recently discovered copper occurrence on Ambon Island, Republic of Indonesia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-86, 17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9786.","productDescription":"17 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154101,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0086/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0086/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menzie, W. D.","contributorId":52916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karangan, Nathan","contributorId":89399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karangan","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tresnadi, I.H.","contributorId":97377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tresnadi","given":"I.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":29139,"text":"wri964242 - 1997 - The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T20:54:24.033432","indexId":"wri964242","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4242","title":"The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer and its relation to water quality were evaluated during a 3-year (1993-96) study. The Floridan aquifer system, a carbonate aquifer system composed of the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle semi-confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer, is the major source of water supply in northeastern Florida. The Lower Floridan aquifer is further subdivided into the Upper zone, a semi-confining unit, and the Fernandina permeable zone. As a result of increased withdrawals, heads in the aquifer system have declined and at the same time chloride concentrations have increased in the water from many wells in Duval County. A better understanding of the sources of and pathways for movement of brackish water is needed so that water managers can monitor the movement of brackish water and plan future water development. \r\n\r\nMost of the wells in Duval County deeper than 900 feet penetrate the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Transmissivity estimates for these zones range from 2,000 to 194,000 feet squared per day. Permeability in the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is primarily related to secondary porosity developed along bedding planes, joints, and fractures as a result of paleokarst processes. The Upper zone is about 300 to 500 feet thick in Duval County, based on the geophysical logs of about 40 wells ranging in depth from about 1,000 to 2,200 feet. In some areas the Upper zone has a single flow zone, but in other areas, two distinct flow zones are apparent. \r\n\r\nWater samples collected during this study confirm the continued increase in chloride concentrations in both the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer. Most of the observed increases are in the eastern part of the county, but a pattern in the locations of wells yielding water with chloride increases is not discernible. In some areas, zones bearing brackish water are underlain by zones of fresher water, but in other areas, fresher water was not found beneath the brackish water. A single fracture or solution feature was the source of brackish water in several wells. \r\n\r\nThe most likely source of brackish water to the Upper zone of the Lower Floridan aquifer is the underlying Fernandina permeable zone, which contains freshwater in the western part of the county but saline water in the eastern part. The pathways for movement of saline water are interconnecting vertical and horizontal fracture or solution zones probably developed along paleokarst features that are not mappable from the land surface; therefore, a conventional monitor-well network probably would not provide early warning of saline-water intrusion. Continued monitoring of water-quality trends in water-supply wells, combined with collection of additional surface and borehole geophysical data, can provide an increased understanding of the movement of brackish water in the Floridan aquifer system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964242","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., and Spechler, R., 1997, The relation between hydrogeology and water quality of the Lower Floridan Aquifer in Duval County, Florida, and implications for monitoring movement of saline water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4242, v, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964242.","productDescription":"v, 58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2331,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964242/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":409024,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48572.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Duval County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.1267\n ],\n [\n -81.333,\n 30.1267\n ],\n [\n -81.333,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spechler, R. M.","contributorId":85961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spechler","given":"R. 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K.","contributorId":39818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izuka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22260,"text":"ofr9722 - 1997 - Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T09:55:56","indexId":"ofr9722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-22","title":"Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95","docAbstract":"The Minnesota Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) project was part of a multi-scale, inter-agency initiative to evaluate the effects of agricultural management systems on water quality in the midwest corn belt. The research area was located in the Anoka Sand Plain about 5 kilometers southwest of Princeton, Minnesota. The ground-water-quality monitoring network within and immediately surrounding the research area consisted of 73 observation wells and 25 multiport wells. The primary objectives of the ground-water monitoring program at the Minnesota MSEA were to: (1) determine the effects of three farming systems on ground-water quality, and (2) understand the processes and factors affecting the loading, transport, and fate of agricultural chemicals in ground water at the site. This report presents well construction, geologic, water-level, chemical application, water-quality, and quality-assurance data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality during 1991-95.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/ofr9722","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., Delin, G., Nelson, K., Regan, C., Lamb, J., Larson, S., Capel, P., Anderson, J.L., and Dowdy, R., 1997, Water-quality and hydrogeologic data used to evaluate the effects of farming systems on ground-water quality at the Management Systems Evaluation Area near Princeton, Minnesota, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-22, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9722.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12221,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/97-22.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Princeton","otherGeospatial":"Management Systems Evaluation Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.530222474607434 ], [ -93.6140513420105, 45.52312701460922 ], [ -93.62385749816895, 45.52312701460922 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee5e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. 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D. 0000-0003-1620-5185","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":95498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"P. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dowdy, R.H.","contributorId":92275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":22255,"text":"ofr9789 - 1997 - Volcano hazards in the Mount Hood region, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-20T09:42:12","indexId":"ofr9789","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-89","title":"Volcano hazards in the Mount Hood region, Oregon","docAbstract":"Mount Hood is a potentially active volcano close to rapidly growing communities and recreation areas. The most likely widespread and hazardous consequence of a future eruption will be for lahars (rapidly moving mudflows) to sweep down the entire length of the Sandy (including the Zigzag) and White River valleys. Lahars can be generated by hot volcanic flows that melt snow and ice or by landslides from the steep upper flanks of the volcano. Structures close to river channels are at greatest risk of being destroyed. The degree of hazard decreases as height above a channel increases, but large lahars can affect areas more than 30 vertical meters (100 vertical feet) above river beds. The probability of eruption-generated lahars affecting the Sandy and White River valleys is 1-in-15 to l-in-30 during the next 30 years, whereas the probability of extensive areas in the Hood River Valley being affected by lahars is about ten times less. The accompanying volcano-hazard-zonation map outlines areas potentially at risk and shows that some areas may be too close for a reasonable chance of escape or survival during an eruption. Future eruptions of Mount Hood could seriously disrupt transportation (air, river, and highway), some municipal water supplies, and hydroelectric power generation and transmission in northwest Oregon and southwest Washington.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9789","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.E., Pierson, T., Schilling, S., Costa, J.E., Gardner, C.A., Vallance, J., and Major, J., 1997, Volcano hazards in the Mount Hood region, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-89, Report: ii, 14 p., 1 Map: 41.57 x 27.15 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9789.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 14 p., 1 Map: 41.57 x 27.15 inches","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_97_89.gif"},{"id":262718,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0089/pdf/of1997-0089_map.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262717,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0089/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51680,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0089/pdf/of1997-0089.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Hood Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.780428,45.098294 ], [ -122.780428,45.559959 ], [ -121.653025,45.559959 ], [ -121.653025,45.098294 ], [ -122.780428,45.098294 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd79e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, W. E.","contributorId":22773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, T.C. 0000-0001-9002-4273","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":41855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, S. P.","contributorId":42606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, C. A.","contributorId":75916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":22101,"text":"ofr96627 - 1997 - Reconnaissance of 17 beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, vitellogenin, and gonad histopathology in common carp of United States streams; potential for contaminant-induced endocrine disruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96627","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-627","title":"Reconnaissance of 17 beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, vitellogenin, and gonad histopathology in common carp of United States streams; potential for contaminant-induced endocrine disruption","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of sex steroid hormones and other biomarkers in common carp was used to assess whether endocrine disruption may be occurring in fish in United States streams, to evaluate relations between endocrine disruption and contaminant levels, and to determine requirements for further studies. 17?-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, vitellogenin, and gonadal histopathology were measured in adult carp (usually 10--15 for each sex) at 25 sites (647 fish), representing a wide range of environmental settings typical of major regions of the nation. Fish were collected during August--December 1994, a period of gonadal maturation after spawning. Contaminants evaluated were organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue; phthalates, phenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bed sediment; and dissolved pesticides in water. Mean site concentrations of steroid hormones spanned two orders of magnitude for both sexes. No significant regional differences in steroid hormones were detected for males, but females from the Northern and Southern Midcontinent were significantly different from other regions of the country in one or both hormones. Within all regions there were significant differences between sites in one or both hormones for both sexes. Most correlation coefficients between biomarkers and contaminants were negative. Contaminants that had significant (a=0.05) correlations with biomarkers were organochlorine pesticides, phenols, and dissolved pesticides. The strongest pattern common to both males and females was a negative correlation between the hormone ratio (E2/11-KT) and dissolved pesticides. The significant site-to-site differences in biomarkers, and the presence of significant correlations between biomarkers and contaminants, are evidence that fish in some streams may be experiencing endocrine disruption. Improved information is needed to evaluate whether endocrine disruption is actually occurring and if there are reproductive effects on individual or populations of carp or other species. Future studies should shift to more intensive study of fewer sites, including reference and contaminated sites, in order to address these additional questions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96627","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Goodbred, S.L., Gilliom, R.J., Gross, T.S., Denslow, N.P., Bryant, W.B., and Schoeb, T.R., 1997, Reconnaissance of 17 beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, vitellogenin, and gonad histopathology in common carp of United States streams; potential for contaminant-induced endocrine disruption: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-627, iv, 47 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96627.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0627/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1428,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/pnsp/rep/carp2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodbred, Steven L. sgoodbred@usgs.gov","contributorId":497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodbred","given":"Steven","email":"sgoodbred@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":187077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, Timothy S.","contributorId":45381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy P.","contributorId":73061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bryant, Wade B. wbbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":93331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Wade","email":"wbbryant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schoeb, Trenton R.","contributorId":91358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoeb","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":21868,"text":"ofr9746 - 1997 - Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr9746","displayToPublicDate":"1997-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-46","title":"Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques","docAbstract":"DBCP (1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane) contamination in the sole source aquifer near Fresno, California, has significantly affected drinking-water supplies. Borehole and surface geophysical data were integrated with borehole textural data to characterize the Kings River alluvial fan sediments and to provide a framework for computer modeling of pesticide transport in ground water. Primary hydrogeologic facies units, such as gravel, coarse sand or gravel, fine sand, and silt and clay, were identified in cores collected from three borings located on a 4.6-kilometer transect of multilevel monitoring wells. Borehole geophysical logs collected from seven wells and surface geophysical surveys were used to extrapolate hydrogeologic facies to depths of about 82meters and to correlate the facies units with neighboring drilling sites. Thickness ranged from 0.3to 13 meters for sand and gravel units, and from 0.3 to 17 meters for silt and clay. The lateral extent of distinct silt and clay layers was mapped using shallow seismic reflection and ground-penetrating radar techniques. About 3.6 kilometers of seismic reflection data were collected; at least three distinct fine-grained layers were mapped. The depth of investigation of the seismic survey ranged from 34 to 107 meters below land surface, and vertical resolution was about 3.5 meters. The ground-penetrating radar survey covered 3.6kilometers and imaged a 1.5-meters thick, continuous fine-grained layer located at a depth of about 8 meters. Integrated results from the borehole sediment descriptions and geophysical surveys provided a detailed characterization over a larger areal extent than traditional hydrogeologic methods alone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9746","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Burow, K.R., Weissmann, G., Miller, R., and Placzek, G., 1997, Hydrogeologic facies characterization of an alluvial fan near Fresno, California, using geophysical techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-46, iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9746.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0046/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51359,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0046/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686340","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weissmann, G.S.","contributorId":50927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weissmann","given":"G.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. 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