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","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.0110041037.x","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., Heinen, J.T., Strittholt, J.R., Fearnside, P.M., and Cooper-Driver, G., 1997, 619 ecosystem management projects: Conservation Biology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 1037-1041, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.0110041037.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1041","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326150,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8afe4b0ebae89b7880f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinen, Joel T.","contributorId":173488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heinen","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strittholt, James R.","contributorId":173489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strittholt","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fearnside, Philip M.","contributorId":173490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fearnside","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooper-Driver, Gillian","contributorId":173491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper-Driver","given":"Gillian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23443,"text":"ofr9734 - 1997 - Modern benthic foraminifer distributions in Biscayne Bay; analogs for historical reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr9734","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-34","title":"Modern benthic foraminifer distributions in Biscayne Bay; analogs for historical reconstructions","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9734","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ishman, S., Graham, I., and D’Ambrosio, J., 1997, Modern benthic foraminifer distributions in Biscayne Bay; analogs for historical reconstructions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-34, 23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9734.","productDescription":"23 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1767,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pdf/of/ofr97034.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ishman, S. 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G.","contributorId":48198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019609,"text":"70019609 - 1997 - The physics of debris flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T22:51:11.639048","indexId":"70019609","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The physics of debris flows","docAbstract":"Recent advances in theory and experimentation motivate a thorough reassessment of the physics of debris flows. Analyses of flows of dry, granular solids and solid-fluid mixtures provide a foundation for a comprehensive debris flow theory, and experiments provide data that reveal the strengths and limitations of theoretical models. Both debris flow materials and dry granular materials can sustain shear stresses while remaining static; both can deform in a slow, tranquil mode characterized by enduring, frictional grain contacts; and both can flow in a more rapid, agitated mode characterized by brief, inelastic grain collisions. In debris flows, however, pore fluid that is highly viscous and nearly incompressible, composed of water with suspended silt and clay, can strongly mediate intergranular friction and collisions. Grain friction, grain collisions, and viscous fluid flow may transfer significant momentum simultaneously. Both the vibrational kinetic energy of solid grains (measured by a quantity termed the granular temperature) and the pressure of the intervening pore fluid facilitate motion of grains past one another, thereby enhancing debris flow mobility. Granular temperature arises from conversion of flow translational energy to grain vibrational energy, a process that depends on shear rates, grain properties, boundary conditions, and the ambient fluid viscosity and pressure. Pore fluid pressures that exceed static equilibrium pressures result from local or global debris contraction. Like larger, natural debris flows, experimental debris flows of ???10 m3 of poorly sorted, water-saturated sediment invariably move as an unsteady surge or series of surges. Measurements at the base of experimental flows show that coarse-grained surge fronts have little or no pore fluid pressure. In contrast, finer-grained, thoroughly saturated debris behind surge fronts is nearly liquefied by high pore pressure, which persists owing to the great compressibility and moderate permeability of the debris. Realistic models of debris flows therefore require equations that simulate inertial motion of surges in which high-resistance fronts dominated by solid forces impede the motion of low-resistance tails more strongly influenced by fluid forces. Furthermore, because debris flows characteristically originate as nearly rigid sediment masses, transform at least partly to liquefied flows, and then transform again to nearly rigid deposits, acceptable models must simulate an evolution of material behavior without invoking preternatural changes in material properties. A simple model that satisfies most of these criteria uses depth-averaged equations of motion patterned after those of the Savage-Hutter theory for gravity-driven flow of dry granular masses but generalized to include the effects of viscous pore fluid with varying pressure. These equations can describe a spectrum of debris flow behaviors intermediate between those of wet rock avalanches and sediment-laden water floods. With appropriate pore pressure distributions the equations yield numerical solutions that successfully predict unsteady, nonuniform motion of experimental debris flows.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97RG00426","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., 1997, The physics of debris flows: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 35, no. 3, p. 245-296, https://doi.org/10.1029/97RG00426.","productDescription":"52 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"296","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97rg00426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227875,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae97e4b08c986b3241da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22726,"text":"ofr9730 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T21:18:46.465083","indexId":"ofr9730","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-30","title":"Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9730","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clark, J., Dupre, W.R., and Rosenberg, L.I., 1997, Geologic map of the Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles, Monterey County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-30, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9730.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52175,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1470,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-030/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":108985,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18696.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18696"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Monterey County","otherGeospatial":"Monterey and Seaside 7.5-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0313262939453,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -121.74636840820312,\n 36.48755716938576\n ],\n [\n -121.74636840820312,\n 36.64528344930188\n ],\n [\n -122.0313262939453,\n 36.64528344930188\n ],\n [\n -122.0313262939453,\n 36.48755716938576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69685c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Joseph C.","contributorId":101663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Joseph C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dupre, William R.","contributorId":80712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dupre","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberg, Lewis I.","contributorId":12073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26405,"text":"wri954168 - 1997 - Hydrogeology and potential for ground-water development, carbonate-rock aquifers, southern Nevada and southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:24:01.167845","indexId":"wri954168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4168","title":"Hydrogeology and potential for ground-water development, carbonate-rock aquifers, southern Nevada and southeastern California","docAbstract":"Seventeen hydrographic areas in southern Nevada were assessed for the ground-water development potential of the underlying carbonate-rock aquifers on the basis of geologic and hydrologic information developed as part of the Nevada Carbonate Aquifers Study and information compiled from previous investigations. All selected areas lie within a miogeoclinal belt where thick accumulations of carbonate rock followed by major episodes of compression and extension have greatly modified the region. Most of the selected hydrographic areas lie within the less extended terranes; however, several areas, or parts of areas, lie within severely extended terranes where carbonate rocks have been greatly thinned, or where deformed blocks of carbonate rock are discontinuous and isolated from surrounding carbonate rock aquifers. Three principal criteria were used to assess the development potential of each selected hydrographic area. These quantitative criteria are: (1) depth to water, (2) depth to and thickness of carbonate rocks, and (3) water quality. Other site-specific factors, such as accessibility and potential effects of ground-water development, are also discussed. Results suggest that sites with high potential for development may be scarce in southern Nevada. Many areas described as favorable on the basis of the three quantitative criteria were deemed unfavorable on the basis of possible short- and long-term effects associated with development and on the amount of available data used to make the assessment. The most favorable sites may be in more severely extended terranes, where development of isolated blocks (of carbonate-rock aquifer material) would be less likely to affect neighboring areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954168","usgsCitation":"Burbey, T., 1997, Hydrogeology and potential for ground-water development, carbonate-rock aquifers, southern Nevada and southeastern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4168, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954168.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55195,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4168/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4168/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395394,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48263.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05,\n 35.5667\n ],\n [\n -114.3333,\n 35.5667\n ],\n [\n -114.3333,\n 37.7278\n ],\n [\n -117.05,\n 37.7278\n ],\n [\n -117.05,\n 35.5667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685a2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burbey, T. J.","contributorId":97131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbey","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6682,"text":"fs19296 - 1997 - Pesticides in ground water in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1983-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:21:37","indexId":"fs19296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"192-96","title":"Pesticides in ground water in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1983-1995","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs06997","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, West-Central Florida coast; limited sand resources for eroding beaches: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 069-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06997.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139556,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312306,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.4751866169963,\n 27.121966229352452\n ],\n [\n -82.44257315477815,\n 27.48582363009703\n ],\n [\n -82.645501364134,\n 27.925352555783647\n ],\n [\n -82.62013533796465,\n 28.229091442842076\n ],\n [\n -82.59114559377089,\n 28.496942714938825\n ],\n [\n -82.84118213744199,\n 28.47464761722655\n ],\n [\n -82.94264624211993,\n 27.78438311802617\n ],\n [\n -82.645501364134,\n 27.312093694643153\n ],\n [\n -82.4751866169963,\n 27.121966229352452\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5493,"text":"fs03197 - 1997 - The new U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"fs03197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"031-97","title":"The new U.S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs03197","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, The new U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 031-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03197.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":671,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/themes/FS-31-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0031/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32078,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6864,"text":"fs24196 - 1997 - Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water of the Coastal Plain of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit, North Carolina and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T13:51:33","indexId":"fs24196","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"241-96","title":"Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water of the Coastal Plain of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit, North Carolina and Virginia","docAbstract":"The Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit is one of 20 National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) studies begun in 1991 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to assess the Nation's water quality. This report presents findings on nitrate and related constituents from studies conducted between 1991 and 1995 by the USGS's Albemarle-Pamlico NAWQA and the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (NCDWQ). The purpose of this Fact Sheet is to show the distribution of nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water of the Coastal Plain and present some factors which may affect its occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs24196","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Spruill, T.B., Eimers, J., and Morey, A.E., 1997, Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water of the Coastal Plain of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 241-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs24196.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34180,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0241/fs19960241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.40 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-241"},{"id":117958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0241/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -75.65185546874999,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -75.421142578125,\n 35.951329861522666\n ],\n [\n -75.289306640625,\n 35.576916524038616\n ],\n [\n -75.25634765625,\n 35.22767235493586\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -75.83862304687499,\n 34.94899072578227\n ],\n [\n -76.201171875,\n 34.72355492704221\n ],\n [\n -76.46484375,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 34.488447837809304\n ],\n [\n -77.28881835937499,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -77.750244140625,\n 34.53371242139564\n ],\n [\n -78.409423828125,\n 34.66032236481892\n ],\n [\n -78.6181640625,\n 34.939985151560435\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 35.17380831799959\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -81.123046875,\n 35.576916524038616\n ],\n [\n -81.331787109375,\n 36.94111143010769\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -79.354248046875,\n 37.06394430056685\n ],\n [\n -78.37646484375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -76.651611328125,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 37.01132594307015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
National Water-Quality Assessment Program
U.S. Geological Survey
413 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, Virginia 20192
https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96729","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dyni, J.R., 1997, Sodium carbonate resources of the Green River Formation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-729, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96729.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":8092,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr-96-0729/ofr-96-0729.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4880e4b07f02db515e43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019695,"text":"70019695 - 1997 - Biogeochemical effects of seawater restoration to diked salt marshes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T16:22:46.163703","indexId":"70019695","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical effects of seawater restoration to diked salt marshes","docAbstract":"We conducted greenhouse microcosm experiments to examine the biogeochemical effects of restoring seawater to historically diked Cape Cod salt marshes. Peat cores from both seasonally flooded and drained diked marshes were waterlogged with seawater, and porewater chemistry was subsequently monitored for 21 mo. The addition of seawater to highly organic, seasonally flooded peat caused the death of freshwater wetland plants, 6–8 cm of sediment subsidence, and increased N and P mineralization. Also, sulfides and alkalinity increased 10-fold, suggesting accelerated decomposition by sulfate reduction. Addition of seawater to the low-organic-content acidic peat from the drained marsh increased porewater pH, alkalinity, PO4-P, and Fe(II), which we attribute to the reestablishment of SO4 and Fe(III) mineral reduction. Increased cation exchange contributed to 6-fold increases in dissolved Fe(II) and Al and 60-fold increases in NH4-N within 6 mo of salination.
Seawater reintroductions to seasonally flooded diked marshes will cause porewater sulfides to increase, likely reducing the success of revegetation efforts. Sulfide toxicity is of less concern in resalinated drained peats because of the abundance of Fe(II) to precipitate sulfides, and of NH4-N to offset sulfide inhibition of N uptake. Restoration of either seasonally flooded or drained diked marshes could stimulate potentially large nutrient and Fe(II) releases, which could in turn increase primary production and lower oxygen in receiving waters. These findings suggest that tidal restoration be gradual and carefully monitored.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1054:BEOSRT]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Portnoy, J.W., and Giblin, A.E., 1997, Biogeochemical effects of seawater restoration to diked salt marshes: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 3, p. 1054-1063, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[1054:BEOSRT]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1054","endPage":"1063","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.00625323624631,\n 41.80014333107039\n ],\n [\n -69.93935035358108,\n 41.81448468536081\n ],\n [\n -69.93847580609575,\n 41.83110360149334\n ],\n [\n -69.96602405189873,\n 41.91185566219545\n ],\n [\n -69.99532139267322,\n 41.9687765641101\n ],\n [\n -70.07665430885457,\n 41.96227388985136\n ],\n [\n -70.0700952027107,\n 41.90079084962048\n ],\n [\n -70.05216697925155,\n 41.920641059004396\n ],\n [\n -70.03686239824924,\n 41.9294252464191\n ],\n [\n -70.02767964964853,\n 41.91218106882883\n ],\n [\n -70.0132496161324,\n 41.9033945074558\n ],\n [\n -70.00231777256018,\n 41.88907307556468\n ],\n [\n -70.01193779490397,\n 41.87442283488116\n ],\n [\n -70.00712778373165,\n 41.81741774869366\n ],\n [\n -70.00625323624631,\n 41.80014333107039\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f152e4b0c8380cd4abb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Portnoy, J. W.","contributorId":31492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Portnoy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giblin, A. E.","contributorId":88505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giblin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019647,"text":"70019647 - 1997 - Extensional reactivation of the Chocolate Mountains subduction thrust in the Gavilan Hills of southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-08T16:26:38.337506","indexId":"70019647","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extensional reactivation of the Chocolate Mountains subduction thrust in the Gavilan Hills of southeastern California","docAbstract":"The NE vergent Chocolate Mountains fault of south-eastern California has been interpreted as either a subduction thrust responsible for burial and prograde metamorphism of the ensimatic Orocopia Schist or as a normal fault involved in the exhumation of the schist. Our detailed structural analysis in the Gavilan Hills area provides new evidence to confirm the latter view. A zone of deformation is present at the top of the Orocopia Schist in which lineations are parallel to those in the upper plate of the Chocolate Mountains fault but oblique to ones at relatively deep levels in the schist. Both the Orocopia Schist and upper plate contain several generations of shear zones that show a transition from crystalloblastic through mylonitic to cataclastic textures. These structures formed during retrograde metamorphism and are considered to record the exhumation of the Orocopia Schist during early Tertiary time as a result of subduction return flow. The Gatuna fault, which places low-grade, supracrustal metasediments of the Winterhaven Formation above the gneisses of the upper plate, also seems to have been active at this time. Final unroofing of the Orocopia Schist occurred during early to middle Miocene regional extension and may have involved a second phase of movement on the Gatuna fault. Formation of the Chocolate Mountains fault during exhumation indicates that its top-to-the-NE sense of movement provides no constraint on the polarity of the Orocopia Schist subduction zone. This weakens the case for a previous model involving SW dipping subduction, while providing support for the view that the Orocopia Schist is a correlative of the Franciscan Complex.
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