{"pageNumber":"3615","pageRowStart":"90350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70246547,"text":"70246547 - 1997 - European Province Late Silurian brachiopods from the Ciudad Victoria area, Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T16:15:51.742214","indexId":"70246547","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T11:07:24","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"European Province Late Silurian brachiopods from the Ciudad Victoria area, Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and biogeography: Studies in honor of J. Granville (\"Jess\") Johnson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2321-3.273","usgsCitation":"Boucot, A., Blodgett, R., and Stewart, J.H., 1997, European Province Late Silurian brachiopods from the Ciudad Victoria area, Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and biogeography: Studies in honor of J. Granville (\"Jess\") Johnson, v. 321, p. 273-293, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2321-3.273.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","state":"Tamaulipas","city":"Ciudad Victoria","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -99.32,\n              23.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.32,\n              23.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.25,\n              23.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.25,\n              23.8333\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.32,\n              23.8333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"321","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boucot, A. J.","contributorId":30620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boucot","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22547,"text":"ofr96630 - 1997 - Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr96630","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-630","title":"Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96630","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1997, Regional streamflow information in Alaska; an investment in the future: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-630, 2 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 x 22 cm. folded to 9 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96630.","productDescription":"2 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 x 22 cm. folded to 9 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0630/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0630/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, T. P.","contributorId":103289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23304,"text":"ofr96397 - 1997 - Inorganic and organic constituents and grain-size distribution in streambed sediment and ancillary data for the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins study unit, 1992-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr96397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-397","title":"Inorganic and organic constituents and grain-size distribution in streambed sediment and ancillary data for the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins study unit, 1992-94","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96397","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Harris, S., 1997, Inorganic and organic constituents and grain-size distribution in streambed sediment and ancillary data for the Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames River Basins study unit, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-397, vi, 39 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96397.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0397/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0397/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d9df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, S.L.","contributorId":79921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019787,"text":"70019787 - 1997 - Geophysical setting of the Wabash Valley fault system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:02:34.558026","indexId":"70019787","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical setting of the Wabash Valley fault system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interpretation of existing regional magnetic and gravity data and new local high-resolution aeromagnetic data provides new insights on the tectonic history and structural development of the Wabash Valley Fault System in Illinois and Indiana. Enhancement of short-wavelength magnetic anomalies reveal numerous NW- to NNE-trending ultramafic dikes and six intrusive complexes (including those at Hicks Dome and Omaha Dome). Inversion models indicate that the interpreted dikes are narrow (≤3 m), lie at shallow depths (&lt;200 m) and are steeply dipping. Some of the interpreted dikes closely follow mapped faults; their abundance suggests that the Wabash Valley Fault System contains many more faults than those mapped. Both the interpreted dike pattern and mapped Wabash Valley Fault System terminate near the Reelfoot-Rough Creek-Rome rift system.</span></p><p><span>Based on the interpretation of both the regional magnetic and gravity data and the high-resolution magnetic data, we propose that the shallow faults and deep-seated rift structures in the Wabash Valley terminate at or near the Rough Creek-Shawneetown Fault System. The Grayville Graben (∼20 km wide, ∼700 m maximum basement relief, and &lt;40 km long [Bear&nbsp;<i>et al.</i>, this volume]) underlying the Wabash Valley developed during rifting, perhaps in response to stress concentrations generated by a bend in the Reelfoot-Rough Creek-Rome rift system. We therefore hypothesize that although the Reelfoot Rift and Rough Creek Graben represent tectonic intraplate structures of large areal extent (&gt;500 km long and generally &gt;50 km wide) and with deep basins (locally &gt;3 km thick), the ancestral Wabash Valley faults express, in comparison, minor tectonic structures and probably do not represent a failed rift arm.</span></p><p><span>There is a lack of any obvious relation between the Wabash Valley Fault System and the epicenters of historic and prehistoric earthquakes. Five prehistoric earthquakes lie conspicuously near structures associated with the Commerce geophysical lineament, a NE-trending magnetic and gravity lineament lying oblique to the Wabash Valley Fault System and possibly extending over 600 km from NE Arkansas to central Indiana.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.567","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., and Ravat, D., 1997, Geophysical setting of the Wabash Valley fault system: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 567-585, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.567.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"585","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228175,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.20833059329462,\n              39.11510704367717\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20833059329462,\n              35.79883797828903\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.906159201568,\n              35.79883797828903\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.906159201568,\n              39.11510704367717\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.20833059329462,\n              39.11510704367717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a286ae4b0c8380cd5a0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ravat, D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019723,"text":"70019723 - 1997 - Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T22:06:47.299048","indexId":"70019723","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks","docAbstract":"<p>We conducted feeding experiments with captive, wild-strain wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) during winters 1990-91 and 1991-92 to test effects of increasing levels of food restriction on body mass dynamics, mortality, and pair formation. Male and female wood ducks fed restricted diets (i.e., 5, 10, 15, or 20% less food [g] than consumed on the previous day by a control group fed ad libitum) weighed less (<i>P</i> <span>≤</span> 0.037) than birds fed ad libitum; those on 15 and 20% restricted diets weighed least. Increased mortality and decreased pair formation occurred only within the 20% restricted group (<i>P</i> <span>≤</span> 0.049). We concluded that food restriction ranging between 15 and 20% of ad libitum intake may signify a threshold above which survival and reproduction of captive wood ducks may be impaired. Because energy costs of free living are greater than in captivity, a lower threshold may exist for wild wood ducks. Research is needed to validate the threshold theory for free-ranging wood ducks and other waterfowl, and to evaluate its potential application for conservation of winter foraging habitat. Conservation of bottomland hardwood ecosystems, which provide important foraging habitat for migrating and wintering wood ducks, should be encouraged to prevent potential negative effects on wood duck life-cycle events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802190","usgsCitation":"Demarest, D., Kaminski, R.M., Brennan, L.A., and Boyle, C., 1997, Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 822-832, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802190.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"832","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi State University","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.81701025582487,\n              33.45391399707273\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.81701025582487,\n              33.38512641285365\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.73734889060216,\n              33.38512641285365\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.73734889060216,\n              33.45391399707273\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.81701025582487,\n              33.45391399707273\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f8e4b0c8380cd4af23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demarest, D.W.","contributorId":7805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarest","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, Richard M.","contributorId":78205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Leonard A.","contributorId":112383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, C.R.","contributorId":64824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019988,"text":"70019988 - 1997 - Proterozoic structure, Cambrian rifting, and younger faulting as revealed by a regional seismic reflection network in the southern Illinois Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:39:58.188286","indexId":"70019988","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic structure, Cambrian rifting, and younger faulting as revealed by a regional seismic reflection network in the southern Illinois Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Four high-quality seismic reflection profiles through the southern Illinois Basin, totaling 245 km in length, provide an excellent regional subsurface stratigraphic and structural framework for evaluation of seismic risk, hydrocarbon occurrence, and other regional geologic studies. These data provide extensive subsurface information on the geometry of the intersection of the Cambrian Reelfoot and Rough Creek rifts, on extensive Proterozoic reflection sequences, and on structures (including the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex and Hicks Dome) that underlie a transitional area between the well-defined New Madrid seismic zone (to the southwest) and a more diffuse area of seismicity in the southern Illinois Basin.</span></p><p><span>Our principal interpretations from these data are listed here in order of geologic age, from oldest to youngest:</span></p><ol class=\"number\"><li><p>Prominent Proterozoic layering, possibly equivalent to Proterozoic (∼1 Ga) Middle Run Formation clastic strata and underlying (1.3–1.5 Ga) volcanic rocks of the East Continent rift basin, has been strongly deformed, probably as part of the Grenville foreland fold and thrust belt.</p></li><li><p>A well-defined angular unconformity is seen in many places between Proterozoic and Cambrian strata; a post-Grenville Proterozoic sequence is also apparent locally, directly beneath the base of the Cambrian.</p></li><li><p>We infer a major reversal in Cambrian rift polarity (accommodation zone) in the Rough Creek Graben in western Kentucky.</p></li><li><p>Seismic facies analysis suggests the presence of basin-floor fan complexes at and near the base of the Cambrian interval and within parts of a Proterozoic post-Grenville sequence in several parts of the Rough Creek Graben.</p></li><li><p>There is an abrupt pinchout of the Mount Simon Sandstone against crystalline basement beneath the Dale Dome (near the Texaco no. 1 Cuppy well, Hamilton County) in southeastern Illinois, and a more gradual Mount Simon pinchout to the southeast.</p></li><li><p>Where crossed by the seismic reflection line in southeast Illinois, some faults in the Wabash Valley Fault System produce discrete offset in Ordovician and younger strata only; one of the Wabash Valley faults cuts the top of the Precambrian on this seismic profile.</p></li><li><p>The data show clear evidence of late Paleozoic reverse faulting along both boundaries of the Rough Creek Graben in western Kentucky, although significant unreactivated Cambrian rift-bounding faults are also preserved.</p></li><li><p>Chaotic reflection patterns in the lower and middle Paleozoic strata near Hicks Dome, southern Illinois, are related to a combination of intrusive brecciation, intense faulting, and alteration of carbonate strata by acidic mineralizing fluids, all of which occurred in the Permian.</p></li><li><p>Late Paleozoic(?) reverse faulting is interpreted on one flank of the Rock Creek Graben, southern Illinois.</p></li><li><p>Permian and Mesozoic(?) extensional faulting is clearly imaged in the Fluorspar Area Fault Complex; neotectonic studies suggest that these structures were reactivated in the Quaternary.</p></li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.537","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Potter, C.J., Drahovzal, J.A., Sargent, M.L., and McBride, J., 1997, Proterozoic structure, Cambrian rifting, and younger faulting as revealed by a regional seismic reflection network in the southern Illinois Basin: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 537-552, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.537.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"552","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"southern Illinois Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.91922726387797,\n              38.04728376539296\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.91922726387797,\n              36.988273588841736\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54631803824927,\n              36.988273588841736\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.54631803824927,\n              38.04728376539296\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.91922726387797,\n              38.04728376539296\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f7ce4b0c8380cd7f7ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drahovzal, James A.","contributorId":74772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drahovzal","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sargent, M. L.","contributorId":27146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019979,"text":"70019979 - 1997 - Seismic interpretation of the deep structure of the Wabash Valley Fault System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:48:15.979137","indexId":"70019979","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic interpretation of the deep structure of the Wabash Valley Fault System","docAbstract":"<p><span>Interpretations of newly available seismic reflection profiles near the center of the Illinois Basin indicate that the Wabash Valley Fault System is rooted in a series of basement-penetrating faults. The fault system is composed predominantly of north-northeast-trending high-angle normal faults. The largest faults in the system bound the 22-km wide 40-km long Grayville Graben. Structure contour maps drawn on the base of the Mount Simon Sandstone (Cambrian System) and a deeper pre-Mount Simon horizon show dip-slip displacements totaling at least 600 meters across the New Harmony fault. In contrast to previous interpretations, the N-S extent of significant fault offsets is restricted to a region north of 38° latitude and south of 38.35° latitude. This suggests that the graben is not a NE extension of the structural complex composed of the Rough Creek Fault System and the Reelfoot Rift as previously interpreted. Structural complexity on the graben floor also decreases to the south. Structural trends north of 38° latitude are offset laterally across several large faults, indicating strike-slip motions of 2 to 4 km. Some of the major faults are interpreted to penetrate to depths of 7 km or more. Correlation of these faults with steep potential field gradients suggests that the fault positions are controlled by major lithologic contacts within the basement and that the faults may extend into the depth range where earthquakes are generated, revealing a potential link between specific faults and recently observed low-level seismicity in the area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.624","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Bear, G.W., Rupp, J., and Rudman, A., 1997, Seismic interpretation of the deep structure of the Wabash Valley Fault System: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 624-640, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.624.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"640","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley fault system","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.90338379807886,\n              39.56900334184152\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.90338379807886,\n              37.2054707695676\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.7632529534994,\n              37.2054707695676\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.7632529534994,\n              39.56900334184152\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.90338379807886,\n              39.56900334184152\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b27e4b08c986b31762c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bear, G. W.","contributorId":32617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bear","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rupp, J.A.","contributorId":30596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupp","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rudman, A.J.","contributorId":86505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015855,"text":"1015855 - 1997 - Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T15:00:09.859146","indexId":"1015855","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3744,"text":"Western Journal of Applied Forestry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds","docAbstract":"<p>In western Oregon, we created snags by sawing tops off live Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) (n = 821) trees and monitored their condition and use by cavity-nesting birds. We created snags in three silvicultural treatments: modified clearcut stands, two-story stands, and small-patch group-selection stands. We used two snag patterns: clumped and scattered. Created snags averaged 3.8/ha in density, 17 m in height, and 75 cm in diameter. Chainsaw-topped snags were used by cavity nesters within 5 yr of creation. Abundance of excavated cavities increased in all silvicultural treatments (P = 0.0001) and was higher in two-story and clearcut stands than in small-patch stands (P <span>≤ </span>0.0004). We did not, however, find that snag pattern (clumped v. scattered) affected use by cavity-nesting birds based on abundance of excavated cavities (P &gt; 0.6). We observed excavated cavities in five hardwood species indicating that hardwoods represented an important resource for cavity-nesting birds. Creating conifer snags by topping and retaining hardwoods may retain or increase populations of cavity nesters in areas with low natural snag density.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93","usgsCitation":"Chambers, C.L., Carrigan, T., Sabin, T., Tappeiner, J.C., and McComb, W., 1997, Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 12, no. 3, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"western Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.94935772302443,\n              46.24864258712557\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.75465522303935,\n              42.13980495623254\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.00243551133681,\n              42.03188415766749\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73533201660254,\n              42.03188415766749\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04270845604889,\n              45.74866744783864\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.94935772302443,\n              46.24864258712557\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, C. L.","contributorId":48525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrigan, T.","contributorId":39333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrigan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabin, T.E.","contributorId":92216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabin","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McComb, W.C.","contributorId":78699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McComb","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1001818,"text":"1001818 - 1997 - Understory plant species composition in remnant stands along an urban-to-rural land-use gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T15:34:10.774891","indexId":"1001818","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3669,"text":"Urban Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understory plant species composition in remnant stands along an urban-to-rural land-use gradient","docAbstract":"We examined the understory species composition of 24 remnant forest stands along an urban-to-rural gradient in the metropolitan Milwaukee, Wisconsin region to determine the relationships between plant community composition, human disturbance, and contrasting types of land use along a gradient of urbanization. A significant difference was found in shrub species community composition among three contrasting land-use categories but no significant difference was found in herbaceous community composition. Significant differences in human activity existed among rural, urban, and urbanizing land-use categories, but this index of disturbance was not significantly correlated to gradients in species composition. All stands in this study had been subjected to various types of human activity and environmental disturbances in the past. Our data suggest that differences in the relative importance of understory species exist among stands but these differences may not be caused by the impacts of urbanization alone. Changes in the natural disturbance regime of this landscape, along with the impacts associated with urbanization, have led to an individualistic response in the compositional dynamics of forest stands.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1023/A:1018523511071","usgsCitation":"Guntenspergen, G., and Levenson, J., 1997, Understory plant species composition in remnant stands along an urban-to-rural land-use gradient: Urban Ecosystems, v. 1, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018523511071.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133518,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.18755581344519,\n              43.477992492016966\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.18755581344519,\n              42.80428196123833\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.79084874698924,\n              42.80428196123833\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.79084874698924,\n              43.477992492016966\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.18755581344519,\n              43.477992492016966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levenson, J.B.","contributorId":14781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levenson","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67353,"text":"i2502 - 1997 - Geology of the Pringletown, Ridgeville, Summerville, and Summerville Northwest 7.5-minute quadrangles, Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T21:27:46.673366","indexId":"i2502","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2502","title":"Geology of the Pringletown, Ridgeville, Summerville, and Summerville Northwest 7.5-minute quadrangles, Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2502","usgsCitation":"Weems, R., Lemon, E.M., and Nelson, M.S., 1997, Geology of the Pringletown, Ridgeville, Summerville, and Summerville Northwest 7.5-minute quadrangles, Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2502, Report: 9 p.; 2 Plates: 41.50 × 54.50 inches and 41.50 × 54.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2502.","productDescription":"Report: 9 p.; 2 Plates: 41.50 × 54.50 inches and 41.50 × 54.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108310,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13031.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13031"},{"id":91667,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2502/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91666,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2502/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91665,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2502/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256365,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2502/plate-1-preview.pdf","size":"4072","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":188541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2502/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Berkeley County, Charleston County, Dorchester County","otherGeospatial":"Pringletown, Ridgeville, Summerville, and Summerville Northwest 7.5-minute quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.375,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.125,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.125,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.375,\n              33.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.375,\n              33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e804","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, R.E.","contributorId":44920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lemon, E. M. Jr.","contributorId":106501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lemon","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, M. S.","contributorId":84379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":276040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5545,"text":"fs04497 - 1997 - Midcontinent urban corridor geologic mapping project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:45","indexId":"fs04497","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"044-97","title":"Midcontinent urban corridor geologic mapping project","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs04497","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Midcontinent urban corridor geologic mapping project: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 044-97, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04497.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f6b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5336,"text":"fs18995 - 1997 - Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"fs18995","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"189-95","title":"Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"USGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/fs18995","usgsCitation":"McCammon, R.B., 1997, Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 189-95, 1 sheet : ill., map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18995.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill., map ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill., map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0189/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32029,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0189/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCammon, Richard B.","contributorId":107674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCammon","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31656,"text":"ofr97177 - 1997 - 1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:59:33","indexId":"ofr97177","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-177","title":"1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin","docAbstract":"<p>The \"1997 Flood Tracking Chart for the Sheyenne River Basin\" can be used by local citizens and emergency response personnel to record the latest river stage and predicted flood-crest information.&nbsp; By comparing the current state (water-surface elevation above some datum) and predicted flood crest to the recorded peak stages of previous floods, emergency response personnel and residents can make informed decisions concerning the threat to life and property.&nbsp; The flood tracking chart shows a map of the basin, the location of major real-time streamflow-gaging stations in the basin, and the historical recorded peak stages at selected stations.&nbsp; Each graph represents a station and has a scale on which to record the most recently reported river stage from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).&nbsp; The predicted flood-crest information from the National Weather Service (NWS) also can be recorded on each graph.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97177","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Martin, C., Albright, L.L., and Wald, G.B., 1997, 1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-177, 11.0 x 17.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97177.","productDescription":"11.0 x 17.0 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19313,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0177/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4918e4b0b290850eee23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Cathy R.","contributorId":87951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Cathy R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albright, Luverne L.","contributorId":27050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Luverne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wald, Geraldine B.","contributorId":56691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"Geraldine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5436,"text":"fs00397 - 1997 - USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:23:22","indexId":"fs00397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"003-97","title":"USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","docAbstract":"<p><span>The United States energy industry faces the challenge of satisfying our expanding thirst for energy while protecting the environment. This challenge is magnified by the increasing volumes of saline water produced with oil and gas in the Nation's aging petroleum fields. Ultimately, energy-producing companies are responsible for disposing of these waters. USGS research provides basic information, for use by regulators, industry, and the public, about the chemistry of co-produced waters and environmentally acceptable ways of handling them.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 003-97, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00397.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_003_97.jpg"},{"id":584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs003-97/FS-003-97.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6115ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1012970,"text":"1012970 - 1997 - Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T15:59:36.790806","indexId":"1012970","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","docAbstract":"<p>We assessed sources of variation in the use of tooth cementum layers to determine age by comparing counts in premolar tooth sections to known ages of 20 sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>). Three readers examined each sample 3 times, and the 3 readings of each sample were averaged by reader to provide the mean estimated age. The mean (SE) of known age sample was 5.2 years (1.0) and the 3 mean estimated ages were 7.0 (1.0), 5.9 (1.1) and, 4.4 (0.8). The proportion of estimates accurate to within <span>±</span> 1 year were 0.25, 0.55, and 0.65 and to within <span>±</span> 2 years 0.65, 0.80, and 0.70, by reader. The proportions of samples estimated with &gt;3 years error were 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05. Errors as large as 7, 6, and 5 years were made among readers. In few instances did all readers uniformly provide either accurate (error &lt;1 yr) or inaccurate (error &gt;1 yr) counts. In most cases (0.85), 1 or 2 of the readers provided accurate counts. Coefficients of determination (R2) between known ages and mean estimated ages were 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, by reader. The results of this study suggest that cementum layers within sea otter premolar teeth likely are deposited annually and can be used for age estimation. However, criteria used in interpreting layers apparently varied by reader, occasionally resulting in large errors, which were not consistent among readers. While large errors were evident for some individual otters, there were no differences between the known and estimated age-class distribution generated by each reader. Until accuracy can be improved, application of this ageing technique should be limited to sample sizes of at least 6-7 individuals within age classes of <span>≥</span>1 year.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802207","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ames, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Johnson, A.M., and Matson, G., 1997, Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 967-973, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Ancel M.","contributorId":91543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ancel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matson, Gary M.","contributorId":347589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Matson","given":"Gary M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5187,"text":"fs07097 - 1997 - Mount St. Helens--From the 1980 Eruption to 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:50","indexId":"fs07097","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"070-97","title":"Mount St. Helens--From the 1980 Eruption to 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs07097","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., and Myers, B., 1997, Mount St. Helens--From the 1980 Eruption to 1996 (2nd printing): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 070-97, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07097.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : ill. ; 28 cm. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":630,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/MSH/Publications/FS070-97/framework.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd printing","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b47c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Steven R. srbrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":4182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven R.","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Myers, Bobbie","contributorId":108093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bobbie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019698,"text":"70019698 - 1997 - Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:10:14.76311","indexId":"70019698","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two reflection seismic profiles at English Hill, across the southern edge of the Benton Hills escarpment, southeast Missouri, establish that geologic structures at English Hill are of tectonic origin. The lowland area to the south of the escarpment is relatively undisturbed. The geology at English Hill is structurally complex, and reflection seismic and geologic data indicate extensive and episodic faulting of Paleozoic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary strata. The individual faults have near-vertical fault surfaces with maximum vertical separations on the order of 15 m. They appear to be clustered in north-northeast trending zones that essentially parallel one of the dominant Benton Hills structural trends. These observations suggest that previously mapped Quaternary faults at English Hill are deep-seated and tectonic in origin. This paper documents recent faulting at English Hill and is the first time late Quaternary, surface-rupture faulting has been recognized in the middle Mississippi River Valley region outside of the New Madrid seismic zone. This has important implications for earthquake assessment in the midcontinent.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.650","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Palmer, J.R., Shoemaker, M., Hoffman, D., Anderson, N., Vaughn, J., and Harrison, R., 1997, Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 650-661, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.650.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Benton Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.81298828125,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.87939453125,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.87939453125,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.81298828125,\n              37.78808138412046\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.81298828125,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b11e4b08c986b317576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, M.","contributorId":101034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, N.L.","contributorId":55129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vaughn, J.D.","contributorId":49821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, R.W.","contributorId":32188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1007858,"text":"1007858 - 1997 - Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:50:13.222988","indexId":"1007858","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar","docAbstract":"<p>We assessed sources of variation in the use of tooth cementum layers to determine age by comparing counts in premolar tooth sections to known ages of 20 sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>). Three readers examined each sample 3 times, and the 3 readings of each sample were averaged by reader to provide the mean estimated age. The mean (SE) of the known age sample was 5.2 years (1.0) and the 3 mean estimated ages were 7.0 (1.0), 5.9 (1.1) and, 4.4 (0.8). The proportions of estimates accurate to within <span>± </span>1 year were 0.25, 0.55, and 0.65 and to within <span>± </span>2 years 0.65, 0.80, and 0.70, by reader. The proportions of samples estimated with &gt;3 years error were 0.20, 0.10, and 0.05. Errors as large as 7, 6, and 5 years were made among readers. In few instances did all readers uniformly provide either accurate (error &lt;1 yr) or inaccurate (error &gt;1 yr) counts. In most cases (0.85), 1 or 2 of the readers provided accurate counts. Coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) between known ages and mean estimated ages were 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, by reader. The results of this study suggest that cementum layers within sea otter premolar teeth likely are deposited annually and can be used for age estimation. However, criteria used in interpreting layers apparently varied by reader, occasionally resulting in large errors, which were not consistent among readers. While large errors were evident for some individual otters, there were no differences between the known and estimated age-class distributions generated by each reader. Until accuracy can be improved, application of this ageing technique should be limited to sample sizes of at least 6-7 individuals within age classes of <span>≥1</span>&nbsp;year</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802207","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Ames, J.A., Jameson, R.J., Johnson, A.M., and Matson, G., 1997, Estimating age of sea otters with cementum layers in the first premolar: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 967-973, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802207.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"967","endPage":"973","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska, 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,{"id":24239,"text":"ofr96629 - 1997 - Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr96629","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-629","title":"Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California","docAbstract":"This report documents the geographic information system map layers and data files generated for the Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, as part of a Regional Aquifer- System Analysis of southern California from 1989 to 1995. Thirty-six map layers and four data files are maintained in this geographic information system data base. The map layers cover the Santa Clara-Calleguas drainage basin and are stored in a common map projection. Attributes of the map layers and data files are described and referenced. The map layers are grouped by geography, geology, and hydrology.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96629","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Predmore, S.K., Koczot, K.M., and Paybins, K.S., 1997, Documentation and description of the digital spatial data base for southern California Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, Santa Clara-Calleguas Basin, Ventura County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-629, v, 99 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96629.","productDescription":"v, 99 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1627,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/archive/reports/ofr96_629/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0629/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53371,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0629/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d7ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Predmore, Steven K. spredmor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Predmore","given":"Steven","email":"spredmor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":191546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koczot, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-5728-9798 kmkoczot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-9798","contributorId":2039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koczot","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmkoczot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paybins, Katherine S. 0000-0002-3967-5043 kpaybins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-5043","contributorId":2805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paybins","given":"Katherine","email":"kpaybins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":642,"text":"West Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5010,"text":"fs05197 - 1997 - Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs05197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"051-97","title":"Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05197","usgsCitation":"Haefner, R.J., and Rowe, G.L., 1997, Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 051-97, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05197.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haefner, Ralph J. 0000-0002-4363-9010 rhaefner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010","contributorId":1793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaefner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":6652,"text":"fs05497 - 1997 - Public-Water Supplies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island: Investigations of Processes Affecting Source-Water Quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:52","indexId":"fs05497","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"054-97","title":"Public-Water Supplies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island: Investigations of Processes Affecting Source-Water Quality","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05497","usgsCitation":"Lent, R.M., Waldron, M.C., and Rader, J.C., 1997, Public-Water Supplies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island: Investigations of Processes Affecting Source-Water Quality: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 054-97, 1 sheet : col. maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05497.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. maps ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_054_97.bmp"},{"id":698,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-054-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db6560f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waldron, Marcus C. mwaldron@usgs.gov","contributorId":1867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waldron","given":"Marcus","email":"mwaldron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rader, John C.","contributorId":27310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rader","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6754,"text":"fs04797 - 1997 - The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:01","indexId":"fs04797","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-97","title":"The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative","docAbstract":"Safe drinking-water supplies are critical to maintaining and preserving public health. Although the Nation's drinking water is generally safe, natural and introduced contaminants in water supplies throughout the country have adversely affected human health. This new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiative will provide information on the vulnerability of water supplies to be used by water-supply and regulatory agencies who must balance water-supply protection with the wise use of public funds. Using the results of the initiative, they will be better able to focus on the supplies most at risk and the variability of contaminants of most concern, and so address the mandates of the Safe Drinking Water Act. With its store of geologic, hydrologic, and land use and land cover data and its network of information in every State, the USGS can help to identify potential sources of contamination, delineate source areas, determine the vulnerability of waters to potential contamination, and evaluate strategies being used to protect source waters in light of the scientific information available. Many recent and ongoing studies by the USGS concern drinking-water issues. This fact sheet highlights four particular studies begun under the Drinking Water Initiative.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs04797","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, The U.S. Geological Survey Drinking Water Initiative: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04797.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_047_97.bmp"},{"id":776,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-047-97","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db673545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5605,"text":"fs07197 - 1997 - How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T16:01:11","indexId":"fs07197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"071-97","title":"How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record","docAbstract":"<p><span>Plant fossils, such as leaves, wood, cones, pollen, and seeds, provide important evidence of how Alaska's vegetation has responded to climate changes over time periods of centuries to millions of years. Long-term trends of global temperatures have been reconstructed from oxygen isotope measurements of microscopic fossils (foraminifera) in the Pacific Ocean </span><strong>(fig. 1)</strong><span>. This temperature curve can be used to compare the major changes in Alaskan vegetation with global climate changes spanning the past 20 million years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07197","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?:  Insights from the Fossil Record: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 071-97, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07197.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32116,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0071-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5530,"text":"fs06497 - 1997 - Mobile Response Team Saves Lives in Volcano Crises","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"fs06497","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"064-97","title":"Mobile Response Team Saves Lives in Volcano Crises","docAbstract":"The world's only volcano crisis response team, organized and operated by the USGS, can be quickly mobilized to assess and monitor hazards at volcanoes threatening to erupt. Since 1986, the team has responded to more than a dozen volcano crises as part of the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP), a cooperative effort with the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance of the U.S. Agency for International Development. The work of USGS scientists with VDAP has helped save countless lives, and the valuable lessons learned are being used to reduce risks from volcano hazards in the United States.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/fs06497","usgsCitation":"Ewert, J.W., Miller, C.D., Hendley, J.W., and Stauffer, P.H., 1997, Mobile Response Team Saves Lives in Volcano Crises: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 064-97, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06497.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_064_97.jpg"},{"id":10439,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs064-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fa80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":151137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C. Dan","contributorId":38145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5546,"text":"fs07497 - 1997 - Living on active volcanoes - The Island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T21:29:58.967111","indexId":"fs07497","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"074-97","title":"Living on active volcanoes - The Island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"People on the Island of Hawai'i face many hazards that come with living on or near active volcanoes. These include lava flows, explosive eruptions, volcanic smog, damaging earthquakes, and tsunamis (giant seawaves). As the population of the island grows, the task of reducing the risk from volcano hazards becomes increasingly difficult. To help protect lives and property, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory closely monitor and study Hawai'i's volcanoes and issue timely warnings of hazardous activity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07497","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1997, Living on active volcanoes - The Island of Hawai'i (Version 1.1, Revised Jun 2000): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 074-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07497.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120926,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_074_97.jpg"},{"id":179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs074-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416640,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30334.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.63885517321916,\n              18.89771464455592\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35255438338456,\n              19.185697448161903\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.94512633631211,\n              19.310449697068933\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.76527071192885,\n              19.511239164885524\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.08827673122948,\n              19.915519935367627\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.44064693410292,\n              20.136229909017672\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.87009811885486,\n              20.305000723834112\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.93983805484015,\n              20.225804574800108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.85174550412177,\n              19.99142392474728\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.10134106449044,\n              19.780873358131146\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.96920223841298,\n              19.455873748072932\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.94717910073334,\n              19.064319853094517\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.63885517321916,\n              18.89771464455592\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1, Revised Jun 2000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6360f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":151164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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