In western Oregon, we created snags by sawing tops off live Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (n = 821) trees and monitored their condition and use by cavity-nesting birds. We created snags in three silvicultural treatments: modified clearcut stands, two-story stands, and small-patch group-selection stands. We used two snag patterns: clumped and scattered. Created snags averaged 3.8/ha in density, 17 m in height, and 75 cm in diameter. Chainsaw-topped snags were used by cavity nesters within 5 yr of creation. Abundance of excavated cavities increased in all silvicultural treatments (P = 0.0001) and was higher in two-story and clearcut stands than in small-patch stands (P ≤ 0.0004). We did not, however, find that snag pattern (clumped v. scattered) affected use by cavity-nesting birds based on abundance of excavated cavities (P > 0.6). We observed excavated cavities in five hardwood species indicating that hardwoods represented an important resource for cavity-nesting birds. Creating conifer snags by topping and retaining hardwoods may retain or increase populations of cavity nesters in areas with low natural snag density.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93","usgsCitation":"Chambers, C.L., Carrigan, T., Sabin, T., Tappeiner, J.C., and McComb, W., 1997, Use of artificially created Douglas-fir snags by cavity-nesting birds: Western Journal of Applied Forestry, v. 12, no. 3, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/12.3.93","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133879,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"western Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.94935772302443,\n 46.24864258712557\n ],\n [\n -124.75465522303935,\n 42.13980495623254\n ],\n [\n -124.00243551133681,\n 42.03188415766749\n ],\n [\n -121.73533201660254,\n 42.03188415766749\n ],\n [\n -121.04270845604889,\n 45.74866744783864\n ],\n [\n -123.94935772302443,\n 46.24864258712557\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604c93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chambers, C. L.","contributorId":48525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrigan, T.","contributorId":39333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrigan","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sabin, T.E.","contributorId":92216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabin","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McComb, W.C.","contributorId":78699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McComb","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5436,"text":"fs00397 - 1997 - USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T10:23:22","indexId":"fs00397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"003-97","title":"USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources","docAbstract":"The United States energy industry faces the challenge of satisfying our expanding thirst for energy while protecting the environment. This challenge is magnified by the increasing volumes of saline water produced with oil and gas in the Nation's aging petroleum fields. Ultimately, energy-producing companies are responsible for disposing of these waters. USGS research provides basic information, for use by regulators, industry, and the public, about the chemistry of co-produced waters and environmentally acceptable ways of handling them.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs00397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 003-97, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00397.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_003_97.jpg"},{"id":584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs003-97/FS-003-97.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db6115ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019828,"text":"70019828 - 1997 - Geomorphic response to tectonically-induced ground deformation in the Wabash Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:51:17.196663","indexId":"70019828","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic response to tectonically-induced ground deformation in the Wabash Valley","docAbstract":"Numerous low- to moderate-intensity earthquakes have been recorded in a zone of diffuse modern seismicity in southwest Indiana, southeast Illinois, and northernmost Kentucky. Structural elements within the zone include the Wabash Valley Fault System, the LaSalle Anticlinal Belt in western Illinois, and the Rough Creek-Shawneetown Fault System in northern Kentucky. The presence of seismically-induced liquefaction features in the near-surface alluvial sediments in the region indicates that strong ground motion has occurred in the recent geological past, but because the glacial and alluvial sediments in the Wabash Valley appear to be otherwise undisturbed, post-Paleozoic ground deformation resulting from movement on these structural elements has not yet been documented.
Morphometric analysis of the land surface, detailed mapping of geomorphic elements in the valley, reconnaissance drilling of the Holocene and Pleistocene alluvium, and structural analysis of the bedrock underlying the valley were used to determine whether the geomorphology of the valley and the patterns of alluviation of the Wabash River were affected by surface deformation associated with the seismic zone during the late Pleistocene and Holocene.
Among the observed features in the valley that can be attributed to deformation are: (1) tilting of the modern land surface to the west, (2) preferred channel migration toward the west side of the valley, with concomitant impact on patterns of soil development and sedimentation rate, (3) a convex longitudinal profile of the Wabash River where it crosses the LaSalle Anticlinal Belt, and (4) increased incision of the river into its floodplain downstream from the anticlinal belt.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.662","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Fraser, G., Thompson, T., Olyphant, G., Furer, L., and Bennett, S., 1997, Geomorphic response to tectonically-induced ground deformation in the Wabash Valley: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 662-674, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.662.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"662","endPage":"674","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Wabash Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.10191112458138,\n 39.26352260032891\n ],\n [\n -88.10191112458138,\n 37.75241761362966\n ],\n [\n -87.5198063562215,\n 37.75241761362966\n ],\n [\n -87.5198063562215,\n 39.26352260032891\n ],\n [\n -88.10191112458138,\n 39.26352260032891\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2797e4b0c8380cd59a12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, G.S.","contributorId":49946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olyphant, G.A.","contributorId":51023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olyphant","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Furer, L.","contributorId":7025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furer","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bennett, S.W.","contributorId":73359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019697,"text":"70019697 - 1997 - Testing for handling bias in survival estimation for black brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T16:52:52.071879","indexId":"70019697","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing for handling bias in survival estimation for black brant","docAbstract":"We used an ultrastructure approach in program SURVIV to test for, and remove, bias in survival estimates for the year following mass banding of female black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). We used relative banding-drive size as the independent variable to control for handling effects in our ultrastructure models, which took the form: S = S0(1 - αD), where α was handling effect and D was the ratio of banding-drive size to the largest banding drive. Brant were divided into 3 classes: goslings, initial captures, and recaptures, based on their state at the time of banding, because we anticipated the potential for heterogeneity in model parameters among classes of brant. Among models examined, for which α was not constrained, a model with α constant across classes of brant and years, constant survival rates among years for initially captured brant but year-specific survival rates for goslings and recaptures, and year- and class-specific detection probabilities had the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Handling effect, α, was -0.47 ± 0.13 SE, -0.14 ± 0.057, and -0.12 ± 0.049 for goslings, initially released adults, and recaptured adults. Gosling annual survival in the first year ranged from 0.738 ± 0.072 for the 1986 cohort to 0.260 ± 0.025 for the 1991 cohort. Inclusion of winter observations increased estimates of first-year survival rates by an average of 30%, suggesting that permanent emigration had an important influence on apparent survival, especially for later cohorts. We estimated annual survival for initially captured brant as 0.782 ± 0.013, while that for recaptures varied from 0.726 ± 0.034 to 0.900 ± 0.062. Our analyses failed to detect a negative effect of handling on survival of brant, which is consistent with an hypothesis of substantial inherent heterogeneity in post-fledging survival rates, such that individuals most likely to die as a result of handling also have lower inherent survival probabilities.
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\"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5c5e4b08c986b320c7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rexstad, Eric A.","contributorId":55701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rexstad","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan 0000-0003-0944-9165 nchelgren@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-9165","contributorId":3134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"nchelgren@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5431,"text":"fs19495 - 1997 - USGS geochemical studies outline mineral potential and environmental hazards in southeastern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs19495","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact 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;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32055,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fe81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31656,"text":"ofr97177 - 1997 - 1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T13:59:33","indexId":"ofr97177","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-177","title":"1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin","docAbstract":"The \"1997 Flood Tracking Chart for the Sheyenne River Basin\" can be used by local citizens and emergency response personnel to record the latest river stage and predicted flood-crest information. By comparing the current state (water-surface elevation above some datum) and predicted flood crest to the recorded peak stages of previous floods, emergency response personnel and residents can make informed decisions concerning the threat to life and property. The flood tracking chart shows a map of the basin, the location of major real-time streamflow-gaging stations in the basin, and the historical recorded peak stages at selected stations. Each graph represents a station and has a scale on which to record the most recently reported river stage from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The predicted flood-crest information from the National Weather Service (NWS) also can be recorded on each graph.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97177","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Martin, C., Albright, L.L., and Wald, G.B., 1997, 1997 flood tracking chart for the Sheyenne River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-177, 11.0 x 17.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97177.","productDescription":"11.0 x 17.0 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19313,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0177/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4918e4b0b290850eee23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Cathy R.","contributorId":87951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Cathy R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albright, Luverne L.","contributorId":27050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albright","given":"Luverne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wald, Geraldine B.","contributorId":56691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"Geraldine","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019838,"text":"70019838 - 1997 - Investigating possible earthquake-related structure beneath the southern Illinois Basin from seismic reflection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:45:20.369324","indexId":"70019838","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Investigating possible earthquake-related structure beneath the southern Illinois Basin from seismic reflection","docAbstract":"The relationship between seismicity and faults observed on seismic reflection profiles from the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) in the central Mississippi Valley has been intensively studied for the past 15 years. However, comparable studies relating reflector sequences and earthquakes in the southern Illinois Basin, located northeast of the NMSZ, have not been undertaken. This study investigates the possible relationship between the source parameters of the November 9, 1968, magnitude (mbLg) 5.5 earthquake (a NNE-trending, previously interpreted west-dipping reverse fault at 21.2 ± 5.4 km depth) in southern Illinois, and a zone of moderately dipping reflectors in crystalline (?) basement observed on a nearby high-quality seismic reflection profile. The 1968 event was the twentieth century's largest magnitude earthquake in the southern Illinois region. The zone of dipping basement reflectors is part of a broad prominent sequence, in which reflectors are subhorizontal or inclined with a strong west-dipping component, that appears beneath the Wabash Valley Fault System and extends to the west beneath the Illinois Basin where it steepens and plunges deeper into the crust over the 1968 hypocenter. More than one interpretation of the dipping reflector zone is admissible, including intrusion of igneous sills or thrust faults or both within a localized shear zone. The dipping reflector zone cannot be traced from the basement into the overlying Phanerozoic sedimentary section or associated directly with any particular previously mapped fault. If a tectonic interpretation is correct, the correlation between the 1968 reverse fault event and the reflector zone may mean that such quakes are nucleating along a blind compressional structure in the crystalline basement of southern Illinois, possibly analogous to the recent destructive southern California earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.641","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"McBride, J., Sargent, M.L., and Potter, C.J., 1997, Investigating possible earthquake-related structure beneath the southern Illinois Basin from seismic reflection: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 641-649, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.641.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"649","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227729,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"southern Illinois Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.41686766066587,\n 39.05576680944441\n ],\n [\n -90.40097102718397,\n 38.12884797929877\n ],\n [\n -89.58723655223915,\n 37.653196818110345\n ],\n [\n -89.30708249634165,\n 36.94087200066067\n ],\n [\n -88.63840152413286,\n 37.07721802208964\n ],\n [\n -87.90529981365495,\n 37.520230275212654\n ],\n [\n -87.90097222394972,\n 38.17558688842931\n ],\n [\n -87.47946104160714,\n 38.73177062134352\n ],\n [\n -87.67795830794927,\n 39.05576680944441\n ],\n [\n -90.41686766066587,\n 39.05576680944441\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e6ce4b0c8380cd63d8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sargent, M. L.","contributorId":27146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargent","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Potter, Christopher J. 0000-0002-2300-6670 cpotter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-6670","contributorId":1026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Christopher","email":"cpotter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019698,"text":"70019698 - 1997 - Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:10:14.76311","indexId":"70019698","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"Two reflection seismic profiles at English Hill, across the southern edge of the Benton Hills escarpment, southeast Missouri, establish that geologic structures at English Hill are of tectonic origin. The lowland area to the south of the escarpment is relatively undisturbed. The geology at English Hill is structurally complex, and reflection seismic and geologic data indicate extensive and episodic faulting of Paleozoic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary strata. The individual faults have near-vertical fault surfaces with maximum vertical separations on the order of 15 m. They appear to be clustered in north-northeast trending zones that essentially parallel one of the dominant Benton Hills structural trends. These observations suggest that previously mapped Quaternary faults at English Hill are deep-seated and tectonic in origin. This paper documents recent faulting at English Hill and is the first time late Quaternary, surface-rupture faulting has been recognized in the middle Mississippi River Valley region outside of the New Madrid seismic zone. This has important implications for earthquake assessment in the midcontinent.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.650","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Palmer, J.R., Shoemaker, M., Hoffman, D., Anderson, N., Vaughn, J., and Harrison, R., 1997, Seismic evidence of Quaternary faulting in the Benton Hills area, southeast Missouri: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 650-661, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.650.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"661","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228015,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Benton Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -88.87939453125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -90.81298828125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b11e4b08c986b317576","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoemaker, M.","contributorId":101034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoemaker","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, N.L.","contributorId":55129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vaughn, J.D.","contributorId":49821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, R.W.","contributorId":32188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5010,"text":"fs05197 - 1997 - Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"fs05197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"051-97","title":"Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs05197","usgsCitation":"Haefner, R.J., and Rowe, G.L., 1997, Water quality at an abandoned Ohio coal mine reclaimed with dry flue-gas desulfurization byproducts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 051-97, 1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05197.","productDescription":"1 folded sheet ([4] p.) : col. ill. ; 28 cm. col. ill. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125201,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31843,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haefner, Ralph J. 0000-0002-4363-9010 rhaefner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-9010","contributorId":1793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haefner","given":"Ralph","email":"rhaefner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":62990,"text":"gq1765 - 1997 - Geologic map of the Rose Valley quadrangle, Lincoln County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:42","indexId":"gq1765","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1765","title":"Geologic map of the Rose Valley quadrangle, Lincoln County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/gq1765","usgsCitation":"Best, M., and Williams, V., 1997, Geologic map of the Rose Valley quadrangle, Lincoln County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1765, 1 map :col. ;56 x 46 cm., on sheet 86 x 110 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1765.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;56 x 46 cm., on sheet 86 x 110 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":249126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1765/report.pdf","size":"22","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":252127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1765/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.36749999999999,37.8675 ], [ -114.36749999999999,38 ], [ -114.25,38 ], [ -114.25,37.8675 ], [ -114.36749999999999,37.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db69117b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, Myron G.","contributorId":50124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"Myron G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Van S.","contributorId":38583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Van S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":268146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31657,"text":"ofr97193 - 1997 - 1997 flood tracking chart for the Red River of the North basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:28:25","indexId":"ofr97193","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-193","title":"1997 flood tracking chart for the Red River of the North basin","docAbstract":"The flood tracking chart for the Red River of the North Basin can be used by local citizens and emergency response personnel to determine the latest river stage. By comparing the current stage (water-surface elevation above some datum) and predicted flood crest to the recorded peak stages of previous floods, emergency response personnel and residents can make informed decisions concerning the threat to life and property. The flood tracking chart shows a map of the basin with the location of major real-time streamflow-gaging stations in the basin. Click on a station in the map or in the list below the map. Streamflow and stage information for the last 7 days, current stage relative to recorded peak stages, and streamflow for the previous 18 months are provided in graphic form, along with information such as station location and length of record.
The National Weather Service has direct access to all information collected by the USGS for use in their forecasting models and routinely broadcasts the forecast information to the news media and on shortwave radio. The radio frequencies are 162.400 MHz (megahertz) in Petersburg, N. Dak., and Detroit Lakes, Minn.; 162.425 MHz in Webster, N. Dak., and Bemidji, Minn.; 162.450 MHz in Roosevelt, Minn.; 162.475 MHz in Grand Forks and Amenia, N. Dak.; and 162.550 MHz in Thief River Falls, Minn.
To use the flood tracking chart for a particular property, determine the approximate elevation of the threatened property and the elevation of the gaging station that is closest to the threatened property. For example, most people in Grand Forks, N. Dak., probably will use the Red River of the North at Grand Forks station. Record the flood elevation for the gaging station. Compare the flood elevation to the elevation of the property to immediately know if the property has an impending threat of flooding. One must be cautioned by the fact that the surface of flowing water is not flat but has a slope. Therefore, the water-surface elevation near a threatened property might not be the same as the river stages at the gaging stations.
The network of river-gaging stations in the Red River of the North Basin is operated by the USGS in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the North Dakota State Water Commission, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, the Southeast Cass Water Resources District, the Cass County Joint Water Resource District, the Red River Joint Water Resource Board, and the Red River Watershed Management Board. For more information about USGS programs in North Dakota, contact the District Chief, U.S. Geological Survey, North Dakota District, at (701) 250-7400.
Plant fossils, such as leaves, wood, cones, pollen, and seeds, provide important evidence of how Alaska's vegetation has responded to climate changes over time periods of centuries to millions of years. Long-term trends of global temperatures have been reconstructed from oxygen isotope measurements of microscopic fossils (foraminifera) in the Pacific Ocean (fig. 1). This temperature curve can be used to compare the major changes in Alaskan vegetation with global climate changes spanning the past 20 million years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07197","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, How Does Climate Change Influence Alaska's Vegetation?: Insights from the Fossil Record: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 071-97, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07197.","productDescription":"1 sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":32116,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":391,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0071-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019822,"text":"70019822 - 1997 - Spatial earthquake hazard assessment of Evansville, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:57:38.668231","indexId":"70019822","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial earthquake hazard assessment of Evansville, Indiana","docAbstract":"The earthquake hazard has been evaluated for a 150-square-kilometer area around Evansville, Indiana. GIS-QUAKE, a system that combines liquefaction and ground motion analysis routines with site-specific geological, geotechnical, and seismological information, was used for the analysis. The hazard potential was determined by using 586 SPT borings, 27 CPT sounding, 39 shear-wave velocity profiles and synthesized acceleration records for body-wave magnitude 6.5 and 7.3 mid-continental earthquakes, occurring at distances of 50 km and 250 km, respectively.
The results of the GIS-QUAKE hazard analyses for Evansville identify areas with a high hazard potential that had not previously been identified in earthquake zonation studies. The Pigeon Creek area specifically is identified as having significant potential for liquefaction-induced damage. Damage as a result of ground motion amplification is determined to be a moderate concern throughout the area. Differences in the findings of this zonation study and previous work are attributed to the size and range of the database, the hazard evaluation methodologies, and the geostatistical interpolation techniques used to estimate the hazard potential. Further, assumptions regarding the groundwater elevations made in previous studies are also considered to have had a significant effect on the results.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.675","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Rockaway, T., Frost, J., Eggert, D.L., and Luna, R., 1997, Spatial earthquake hazard assessment of Evansville, Indiana: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 675-688, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.675.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"675","endPage":"688","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Evansville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.60235442572878,\n 38.00288387892243\n ],\n [\n -87.60235442572878,\n 37.958411620309846\n ],\n [\n -87.52713583328385,\n 37.958411620309846\n ],\n [\n -87.52713583328385,\n 38.00288387892243\n ],\n [\n -87.60235442572878,\n 38.00288387892243\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9477e4b08c986b31aad7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockaway, T.D.","contributorId":46240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockaway","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frost, J.D.","contributorId":86507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eggert, Donald L.","contributorId":19286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggert","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":33640,"text":"Indiana Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luna, R.","contributorId":46708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luna","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019723,"text":"70019723 - 1997 - Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T22:06:47.299048","indexId":"70019723","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks","docAbstract":"We conducted feeding experiments with captive, wild-strain wood ducks (Aix sponsa) during winters 1990-91 and 1991-92 to test effects of increasing levels of food restriction on body mass dynamics, mortality, and pair formation. Male and female wood ducks fed restricted diets (i.e., 5, 10, 15, or 20% less food [g] than consumed on the previous day by a control group fed ad libitum) weighed less (P ≤ 0.037) than birds fed ad libitum; those on 15 and 20% restricted diets weighed least. Increased mortality and decreased pair formation occurred only within the 20% restricted group (P ≤ 0.049). We concluded that food restriction ranging between 15 and 20% of ad libitum intake may signify a threshold above which survival and reproduction of captive wood ducks may be impaired. Because energy costs of free living are greater than in captivity, a lower threshold may exist for wild wood ducks. Research is needed to validate the threshold theory for free-ranging wood ducks and other waterfowl, and to evaluate its potential application for conservation of winter foraging habitat. Conservation of bottomland hardwood ecosystems, which provide important foraging habitat for migrating and wintering wood ducks, should be encouraged to prevent potential negative effects on wood duck life-cycle events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802190","usgsCitation":"Demarest, D., Kaminski, R.M., Brennan, L.A., and Boyle, C., 1997, Body-mass, survival, and pairing consequences of winter-diet restriction in wood ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 822-832, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802190.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"822","endPage":"832","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi State University","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.81701025582487,\n 33.45391399707273\n ],\n [\n -88.81701025582487,\n 33.38512641285365\n ],\n [\n -88.73734889060216,\n 33.38512641285365\n ],\n [\n -88.73734889060216,\n 33.45391399707273\n ],\n [\n -88.81701025582487,\n 33.45391399707273\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f1f8e4b0c8380cd4af23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demarest, D.W.","contributorId":7805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demarest","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaminski, Richard M.","contributorId":78205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaminski","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brennan, Leonard A.","contributorId":112383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boyle, C.R.","contributorId":64824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4987,"text":"fs07497_1997 - 1997 - Living on active volcanoes: The Island of Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T19:19:04.449423","indexId":"fs07497_1997","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"074-97","title":"Living on active volcanoes: The Island of Hawai'i","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs07497_1997","usgsCitation":"Heliker, C., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1997, Living on active volcanoes: The Island of Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 074-97, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07497_1997.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_074_97.jpg"},{"id":201,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs074-97/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":416824,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_30334.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.63885517321916,\n 18.89771464455592\n ],\n [\n -155.35255438338456,\n 19.185697448161903\n ],\n [\n -154.94512633631211,\n 19.310449697068933\n ],\n [\n -154.76527071192885,\n 19.511239164885524\n ],\n [\n -155.08827673122948,\n 19.915519935367627\n ],\n [\n -155.44064693410292,\n 20.136229909017672\n ],\n [\n -155.87009811885486,\n 20.305000723834112\n ],\n [\n -155.93983805484015,\n 20.225804574800108\n ],\n [\n -155.85174550412177,\n 19.99142392474728\n ],\n [\n -156.10134106449044,\n 19.780873358131146\n ],\n [\n -155.96920223841298,\n 19.455873748072932\n ],\n [\n -155.94717910073334,\n 19.064319853094517\n ],\n [\n -155.63885517321916,\n 18.89771464455592\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636359","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heliker, Christina","contributorId":53353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heliker","given":"Christina","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hendley, James W. II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6913,"text":"fs05397 - 1997 - U.S. Geological Survey Studies of Energy Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:40:18","indexId":"fs05397","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"053-97","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Studies of Energy Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa","docAbstract":"The U.S. Government and the American public need access to information on energy resources in sub-Saharan Africa.
Sub-Saharan Africa (mostly Nigeria) produces 5 percent of the world's oil, while supplying the United States with 15 percent of our imports (Energy Information Administration). In the next 10 years, sub-Saharan oil and gas will become increasingly more important to the export market. New discoveries in offshore provinces of West Africa ensure a bright future for the region. Projections indicate that increased oil production in sub-Saharan Africa will far outpace the growth of intraregional consumption, providing greater quantities of oil for export (Forman, 1996). Also, West Africa, although a marginal supplier of liquefied natural gas (LNG) today, will become an important LNG source to the international market by the year 2000 (Oil & Gas Journal, 1996). The United States needs up-to-date information about petroleum resources and the energy balance within the region to predict the future role of sub-Saharan Africa as a major oil and gas exporter. The data required to generate the needed information are often disseminated in archives of oil companies and African geologic surveys, or in obscure publications. For these reasons, the U.S. Geological Survey is collecting data on sub-Saharan energy and constructing a regional energy bibliography. The team of geoscientists will assure that this information is available quickly and from a scientifically based, objective view point.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs05397","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, U.S. Geological Survey Studies of Energy Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 053-97, 1 sheet , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05397.","productDescription":"1 sheet ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs053-97/FS-053-97.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34209,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Nigeria","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207668,"text":"70207668 - 1997 - Dynamic flood monitoring in coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-02T18:14:05","indexId":"70207668","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-30T18:08:40","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dynamic flood monitoring in coastal environments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural coastal environmental hazards : Report of a workshop held at Louisiana State University, February 22-23, 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Louisiana State University","usgsCitation":"Ramsey III, E., 1997, Dynamic flood monitoring in coastal environments, chap. of Natural coastal environmental hazards : Report of a workshop held at Louisiana State University, February 22-23, 1996, p. 27-38.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"St Marks National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.51507568359375,\n 29.893043385434165\n ],\n [\n -84.2266845703125,\n 29.893043385434165\n ],\n [\n -84.2266845703125,\n 30.142752031075393\n ],\n [\n -84.51507568359375,\n 30.142752031075393\n ],\n [\n -84.51507568359375,\n 29.893043385434165\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":212009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207788,"text":"70207788 - 1997 - An introduction to visual programming for biologists","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T12:13:22","indexId":"70207788","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-30T12:06:36","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5910,"text":"SWS Bulletin","printIssn":"0732-9393","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to visual programming for biologists","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Castille, S., 1997, An introduction to visual programming for biologists: SWS Bulletin, v. 14, no. 2, p. 13-15.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371162,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Jacoby 0000-0003-0110-0284 carterj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0110-0284","contributorId":2399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Jacoby","email":"carterj@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Castille, Steven","contributorId":221646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castille","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189710,"text":"70189710 - 1997 - The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate inducers of fish hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO): Chapter 12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T15:51:48","indexId":"70189710","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate inducers of fish hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO): Chapter 12","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are sampling and concentrating devices comprised of a thin polyethylene membrane containing a small quantity of triolein. They have previously been used to sample air, water and sediments and have concentrated fish tainting compounds from pulp mill effluents. The ability to induce mixed function oxygenases (MFOs) is a property of a variety of organic effluents, but the compound(s) responsible for induction have not been identified. We wanted to see if SPMDs would accumulate the MFO-inducing chemical(s) from pulp mill effluents and oil refinery effluents. Dialysates of effluent-exposed SPMDs induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in a fish (Poeciliopsis lucida) hepatoma cell line, PLHC-1. In pulp mill effluents and oil sands mining and refining wastewaters, potencies varied greatly, from a few to thousands of pg TCDD-EQ/g SPMD. Low levels of inducers were seen in four pulp mills on the Athabasca R., and higher levels at one New Brunswick bleached sulphite and two Ontario bleached kraft pulp mills. The highest levels of MFO inducers were in SPMDs deployed for 14 days in wastewater from an oil sands upgrading facility, as well as SPMDs deployed at two sites on Athabasca River tributaries in the oil sands area. This suggests that natural erosion and weathering, as well as industrial processing of the oil sands, can release potent MFO inducers. Background (reference) induction by SPMD extracts ranged from non-detectable (<1) to 20 pg TCDD-EQ/g SPMD. Reactive clean-up of one of the bleached kraft mill effluent-exposed SPMD extracts on a sulfuric acid/silica gel column resulted in loss of the inducer(s), which suggested a polyaromatic hydrocarbon-type of inducing chemical(s), rather than a dioxin or furan inducer. SPMD deployments proved useful in the detection of inducers within the pulp mill process streams as extracts of SPMDs exposed to untreated bleached sulphite effluent were ten to twenty times as potent as those from secondary-treated effluent. Little is known about the nature and identity of the MFO inducers from pulp mill and refinery effluents, but the use of SPMDs as concentrators of MFO-inducing substances appears a promising avenue for future research.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology: Responses, biomarkers and risk assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development","publisherLocation":"Fair Haven, NJ","usgsCitation":"Parrott, J.L., and Tillitt, D.E., 1997, The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate inducers of fish hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO): Chapter 12, chap. of Ecotoxicology: Responses, biomarkers and risk assessment, p. 185-196.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c8e4b0ec1a4885daff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrott, Joanne L.","contributorId":194948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrott","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188686,"text":"70188686 - 1997 - Organochlorine contaminants in double-crested cormorants from Green Bay, Wisconsin: II. Effects of an extract derived from cormorant eggs on the chicken embryo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T07:24:05","indexId":"70188686","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine contaminants in double-crested cormorants from Green Bay, Wisconsin: II. Effects of an extract derived from cormorant eggs on the chicken embryo","docAbstract":"White Leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs were injected prior to incubation with one of four concentrations (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 egg-equivalent) of an extract derived from 1,000 double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) eggs collected at Spider Island adjacent to Green Bay in Lake Michigan. One egg-equivalent corresponded to the concentration of contaminants present in an average cormorant egg. This was approximately 322 pg toxic equivalents (TEQs)/g, ww egg with polychlorinatedbiphenyl congener 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) accounting for over 70% of the TEQs. Injection of 1.0 egg-equivalent resulted in 77% mortality at hatch. The incidence of developmental abnormalities (structural defects or edema) was not affected by injection of the extract. Body weight gain of chicks was reduced in the 1.0 egg-equivalent dose group in the first, second, and third week's post-hatch. Relative brain weights were greater and relative bursa weights were less in the 1.0 egg-equivalent dose group than in the vehicle control at three weeks of age. There were no significant differences in the relative weights of the heart, liver, spleen, testes, or comb among treated and control birds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900191","usgsCitation":"Powell, D., Aulerich, R., Meadows, J., Tillitt, D.E., Stromborg, K., Kubiak, T., Giesy, J., and Bursian, S., 1997, Organochlorine contaminants in double-crested cormorants from Green Bay, Wisconsin: II. Effects of an extract derived from cormorant eggs on the chicken embryo: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 316-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900191.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"316","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Spider Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.02716827392578,\n 45.233074531011596\n ],\n [\n -87.01480865478516,\n 45.22170990931555\n ],\n [\n -87.01000213623047,\n 45.21058488794113\n ],\n [\n -87.00279235839842,\n 45.20453776780235\n ],\n [\n -86.98253631591797,\n 45.196796515952244\n ],\n [\n -86.9626235961914,\n 45.20187683128089\n ],\n [\n -86.96640014648438,\n 45.22436991805259\n ],\n [\n -86.97566986083984,\n 45.2352504759637\n ],\n [\n -86.96605682373047,\n 45.24008561090264\n ],\n [\n -86.97052001953125,\n 45.24975464648731\n ],\n [\n -86.97772979736328,\n 45.2574886900362\n ],\n [\n -86.96949005126953,\n 45.27319522342216\n ],\n [\n -86.97429656982422,\n 45.27826871310316\n ],\n [\n -86.99901580810547,\n 45.26957102450825\n ],\n [\n -87.02716827392578,\n 45.233074531011596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b5e4b062508e382b99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, D.C.","contributorId":72899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulerich, R.J.","contributorId":39904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulerich","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, J.C.","contributorId":91962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kubiak, T.J.","contributorId":89105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"T.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70188687,"text":"70188687 - 1997 - Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T07:26:33","indexId":"70188687","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan","title":"Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan","docAbstract":"Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes (PCDTs), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlo-rodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalents were measured in composite samples of forage fishes and several sizes of walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from Saginaw Bay, Michigan, USA. The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined from the use of TCDD equivalency factors (TEFs) and instrumentally determined concentrations of individual congeners were designated TEq. The 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined on the same extracts with the H4IIE bioassay were defined as TCDD-EQ. Concentrations of TCDD-EQ and TEq were significantly, but poorly correlated (R2 = 0.44). Concentrations of TCDD-EQ and TEq ranged from 10.6 to 348 and 13.5 to 69.5 ng/kg, wet weight, respectively. The ratio of TCDD-EQ to TEq ranged from 0.5 to 5.0, with the greatest ratio observed in common carp but the average ratio between TEq and TCDD-EQ was approximately 1.0. In common carp, larger walleye, and medium-sized alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) there were significant concentrations of TCDD-EQ that could not be accounted for by TEq calculated from an additive model of PCBs, PCDDs, or PCDFs. As much as 75% of the TCDD-EQ in some samples could not be accounted for by TEqs. It is unlikely that PCNs, PCDTs, or polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) occurred at concentrations that were, based on their relative potencies, great enough to contribute significant quantities of TCDD-EQ. The discrepency between TCDD-EQs and TEqs was not due to antagonisms among congeners or extraction efficiencies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160416","usgsCitation":"Giesy, J.P., Jude, D.J., Tillitt, D.E., Gale, R.W., Meadows, J.C., Zajieck, J.L., Peterman, P.H., Verbrugge, D.A., Sanderson, J.T., Schwartz, T.R., and Tuchman, M.L., 1997, Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents in fishes from Saginaw Bay, Michigan: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 4, p. 713-724, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160416.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Saginaw Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -83.43017578125,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -84.08935546875,\n 43.27720532212024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b5e4b062508e382b93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jude, David J.","contributorId":11986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jude","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meadows, John C. jmeadows@usgs.gov","contributorId":3024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"John","email":"jmeadows@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":698913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zajieck, James L.","contributorId":193165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zajieck","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Verbrugge, David A.","contributorId":172542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verbrugge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sanderson, J. Thomas","contributorId":193166,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Schwartz, Ted R.","contributorId":36510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tuchman, Marc L.","contributorId":6023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuchman","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70246546,"text":"70246546 - 1997 - The Hf isotopic composition of ferromanganese nodules and crusts and hydrothermal manganese deposits: Implications for seawater Hf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T16:05:11.123253","indexId":"70246546","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-12T11:00:18","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Hf isotopic composition of ferromanganese nodules and crusts and hydrothermal manganese deposits: Implications for seawater Hf","docAbstract":"We present Hf and Pb isotopic data, and chemical compositions of the outermost layers of marine ferromanganese deposits of different types (hydrogenous and hydrothermal) with a worldwide distribution. The Hf isotopic compositions display a broad range and refine previously reported regional differences as follows: Atlantic Ocean ɛHf = −4to+2, Indian Ocean ɛHf = +2to+4, Pacific Ocean ɛHf = +3to+10. The most radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions in the Pacific samples are for hydrothermal manganese deposits that also have low 207Pb204Pb, demonstrating that this signature reflects a contribution from hydrothermal venting of Hf leached from oceanic volcanic rocks rather than from riverine inputs, volcanic ash, or eolian dust. Hafnium concentrations in the deposits increase from 20 ppb to 20 ppm with decreasing ɛHf, The Hf and Pb isotopic compositions for ferromanganese crusts define an apparent mixing trend between literature values of average continental crust and MORB. The range in ɛHf for ferromanganese crusts is narrower than it is for 206Pb204Pb compared to the differences in isotopic composition of the sources of Hf and Pb. This is consistent with Hf having a longer residence time than Pb. The concentration of Hf in ferromanganese crusts has been found to co-vary with growth rate, and inversely correlates with Hf isotopic compositions. Hf isotope ratios may be used to determine not only the source of Hf, but possibly the source of Fe and Mn. Measurements of ɛHf and Hf concentrations in nodule tops, bottoms and associated sediments show that the ɛHf of nodules is sensitive to sedimentary oxic and sub-oxic diagenetic processes and thus most nodules may not reliably reflect the isotopic composition of Hf in seawater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00106-4","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, L.V., Lee, D., Sangrey, W.F., Halliday, A.N., Salters, V., Hein, J.R., and White, W.M., 1997, The Hf isotopic composition of ferromanganese nodules and crusts and hydrothermal manganese deposits: Implications for seawater Hf: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 151, no. 1-2, p. 91-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00106-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"105","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00106-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":418769,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"151","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godfrey, L. V.","contributorId":316222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godfrey","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, D.-C.","contributorId":38307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.-C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sangrey, W. F.","contributorId":316223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sangrey","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Halliday, A. N.","contributorId":87663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halliday","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Salters, V. J. M.","contributorId":146237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salters","given":"V. J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":877115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"White, W. M.","contributorId":316224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}