The economy of the Khorezm Province in Uzbekistan relies on the large-scale agricultural production of cotton. To sustain their staple crop, water from the Amu Darya is diverted for irrigation through canal systems constructed during the early to mid-twentieth century when this region was part of the Soviet Union. These diversions severely reduce river flow to the Aral Sea. The Province has >400 small shallow (<3 m deep) lakes that may have originated because of this intensive irrigation. Sediment cores were collected from 12 lakes to elucidate their origin because this knowledge is critical to understanding water use in Khorezm. Core chronological data indicate that the majority of the lakes investigated are less than 150 years old, which supports a recent origin of the lakes. The thickness of lacustrine sediments in the cores analyzed ranged from 20 to 60 cm in all but two of the lakes, indicating a relatively slow sedimentation rate and a relatively short-term history for the lakes. Hydrologic changes in the lakes are evident from loss on ignition and pollen analyses of a subset of the lake cores. The data indicate that the lakes have transitioned from a dry, saline, arid landscape during pre-lake conditions (low organic carbon content) and low pollen concentrations (in the basal sediments) to the current freshwater lakes (high organic content), with abundant freshwater pollen taxa over the last 50–70 years. Sediments at the base of the cores contain pollen taxa dominated by Chenopodiaceae and Tamarix, indicating that the vegetation growing nearby was tolerant to arid saline conditions. The near surface sediments of the cores are dominated by Typha/Sparganium, which indicate freshwater conditions. Increases in pollen of weeds and crop plants indicate an intensification of agricultural activities since the 1950s in the watersheds of the lakes analyzed. Pesticide profiles of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its degradates and γ-HCH (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), which were used during the Soviet era, show peak concentrations in the top 10 cm of some of the cores, where estimated ages of the sediments (1950–1990) are associated with peak pesticide use during the Soviet era. These data indicate that the lakes are relatively young (mostly <150 years old) and that without irrigation and canal inputs from the Amu Darya, the lakes would not exist as freshwater lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s10933-016-9914-2","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., Crootof, A., Reidy, L., Saito, L., Nishonov, B., and Scott, J.A., 2018, The origin of shallow lakes in the Khorezm Province, Uzbekistan, and the history of pesticide use around these lakes: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 59, no. 2, p. 201-219, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-016-9914-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"219","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073927","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438095,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7319T07","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Datasets for determining the origin of shallow lakes in the Khorezm Province, Uzbekistan, and the history of pesticide use around these 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Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reidy, Liam","contributorId":175417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reidy","given":"Liam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saito, Laurel","contributorId":139343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saito","given":"Laurel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nishonov, Bakhriddin","contributorId":15860,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishonov","given":"Bakhriddin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, Julian A.","contributorId":145890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"Julian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16284,"text":"U.S.D.A. Forest Service, National Stream and Aquatic Ecology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70155912,"text":"tm9A10 - 2018 - Lakes and reservoirs—Guidelines for study design and sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T09:39:59","indexId":"tm9A10","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-29T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"9-A10","displayTitle":"Lakes and Reservoirs—Guidelines for Study Design and Sampling","title":"Lakes and reservoirs—Guidelines for study design and sampling","docAbstract":"The “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (NFM) is an online report with separately published chapters that provides the protocols and guidelines by which U.S. Geological Survey personnel obtain the data used to assess the quality of the Nation’s surface-water and groundwater resources. Chapter A10 reviews limnological principles, describes the characteristics that distinguish lakes from reservoirs, and provides guidance for developing temporal and spatial sampling strategies and data-collection approaches to be used in lake and reservoir environmental investigations.
Within this chapter are references to other chapters of the NFM that provide more detailed guidelines related to specific topics and more detailed protocols for the quality assurance and assessment of the lake and reservoir data. Protocols and procedures to address and document the quality of lake and reservoir investigations are adapted from, or referenced to, the protocols and standard operating procedures contained in related chapters of this NFM.
Before 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data” (NFM) chapters were released in the USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations series. Effective in 2018, new and revised NFM chapters are being released in the USGS Techniques and Methods series; this series change does not affect the content and format of the NFM. More information is in the general introduction to the NFM (USGS Techniques and Methods, book 9, chapter A0, 2018) at https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9A0. The authoritative current versions of NFM chapters are available in the USGS Publications Warehouse at https://pubs.er.usgs.gov. Comments, questions, and suggestions related to the NFM can be addressed to nfm-owq@usgs.gov.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section A: National field manual for the collection of water-quality data in Book 9:Handbooks for water-resources investigations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm9A10","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2018, Lakes and reservoirs—Guidelines for study design and sampling: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 9, chap. A10, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm9a10. [Supersedes USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A10, version 1.0]","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033791","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354591,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm9A0","text":"Techniques and Methods 9-A0","linkHelpText":"- General Introduction for the “National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data”"},{"id":310891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a10/tm9a10.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.89 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 9-A10"},{"id":354561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a10/versionHist.txt","size":"2.11 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":310892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/09/a10/coverthb3.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: May 2018","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section A: National field manual for the collection of water-quality data in Book 9:Handbooks for water-resources investigations. [Supersedes USGS Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A10, version 1.0]","contact":"Chief, Office of Quality Assurance
U.S. Geological Survey
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Reston, VA 20192
In response to recent diplomatic developments between Cuba and the United States, the National Minerals Information Center compiled available information on the mineral industries of Cuba. This fact sheet highlights a new map and table that identify mines, mineral processing facilities, and petroleum facilities as well as information on location, operational status, and ownership. It also addresses the current status of known mineral industry projects, historical developments, and trends of the Cuban economy with an emphasis on mineral industries, and the supply and demand for Cuba’s mineral resources.
In 2013, Cuba was estimated to be among the world’s top ten producers of cobalt and nickel, which are the country’s leading exports. Cuba’s current crude oil and associated natural gas production from onshore and shallow water coastal reservoirs is approximately 50,000 barrels per day of liquids and about 20,000 barrels per day oil equivalent of natural gas. In 2013, the value of mining and quarrying activities accounted for 0.6 percent of Cuba’s gross domestic product (GDP), compared with 1.4 percent in 2000. The value of production from Cuba’s industrial manufacturing sector increased by 88 percent between 1993 and 2013, whereas the sector’s share in the GDP decreased by about 3 percent during the same time period reflecting economic growth in other sectors of the economy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153032","usgsCitation":"Wacaster, Susan, Baker, M.S., Soto-Viruet, Yadira, and Textoris, S.D., 2018, Recent trends in Cuba’s mining and petroleum industries (ver. 2.0,Director, National Minerals Information Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
Email: nmicrecordsmgt@usgs.gov
Director, Oklahoma Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
202 NW 66th, Bldg 7
Oklahoma City, OK 73116
Crystalline bedrock aquifers in New England and parts of New Jersey and New York (NECR aquifers) are a major source of drinking water. Because the quality of water in these aquifers is highly variable, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) statistically analyzed chemical data on samples of untreated groundwater collected from 117 domestic bedrock wells in New England, New York, and New Jersey, and from 4,775 public-supply bedrock wells in New England to characterize the quality of the groundwater. The domestic-well data were from samples collected by the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program from 1995 through 2007. The public-supply-well data were from samples collected for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Program from 1997 through 2007. Chemical data compiled from the domestic wells include pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, and turbidity; 6 nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, 14 major ions, 23 trace elements, 222radon gas (radon), 48 pesticide compounds, and 82 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Additional samples were collected from the domestic wells for the analysis of gross alpha- and gross beta-particle radioactivity, radium isotopes, chlorofluorocarbon isotopes, and the dissolved gases methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon. Chemical data compiled from the public-supply wells include pH, specific conductance, nitrate, iron, manganese, sodium, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, uranium, radon, combined radium (226radium plus 228radium), gross alpha-particle radioactivity, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE).
Patterns in fluoride, arsenic, uranium, and radon distributions were discernable when the data were compared to lithology groupings of the bedrock, indicating that the type of bedrock has an effect on the quality of groundwater from NECR aquifers. Fluoride concentrations were significantly higher in groundwater samples from the alkali granite, peraluminous granite, and metaluminous granite lithology groups than from samples in the other lithology groups. Water samples from 1.4 percent of 2,167 studied wells had fluoride concentrations that were equal to or greater than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L) and 7.5 percent of the wells had fluoride concentrations that were equal to or greater than the secondary MCL of 2 mg/L. For arsenic, groundwater samples from the calcareous metasedimentary rocks in the New Hampshire-Maine geologic province, peraluminous granite, and pelitic rocks lithology groups had higher concentrations than did samples from the other lithology groups. Water samples from 13.3 percent of 2,054 studied wells had arsenic concentrations that were equal to or greater than the MCL of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), about double the national rate of occurrence in community-supply systems and in domestic wells of the United States. Uranium concentrations were significantly higher in groundwater samples from the peraluminous granite, alkali granite, and calcareous metasedimentary rocks in the New Hampshire-Maine geologic province lithology groups than from samples in the other lithology groups. Water samples from 14.2 percent of 556 studied wells had uranium concentrations equal to or greater than the MCL of 30 μg/L. Radon activities were equal to or greater than the proposed MCL of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in 95 percent of 943 studied wells, and 33 percent of the wells had radon activities were equal to or greater than the proposed alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 4,000 pCi/L. Radon activities exceeded the proposed AMCL in 20 percent or more of groundwater samples in each of the studied lithology groups with a minimum of 9 samples, but radon activities were significantly higher in groundwater samples from the alkali granite, peraluminous granite, and Narragansett basin metasedimentary rocks lithology groups. Water samples from 3.2 percent of 564 studied wells had combined radium activities equal to or greater than the MCL of 5 pCi/L; however, combined radium activities were not significantly different among the studied lithology groups.
Land use and population density also were evaluated to explain patterns in water quality. Concentrations of nitrate, sodium, chloride, and MtBE from the studied wells were significantly greater in areas of high population density (≥50 persons per square kilometer) than in areas of low population density (<50 persons per square kilometer). Concentrations of sodium, chloride, and MtBE from the studied wells were significantly greater in areas classified as developed (urban lands) than in areas classified as undeveloped (forested), agricultural, or mixed (no dominant land use). Nitrate concentrations from the public-supply wells were not significantly different among the four land use categories, but nitrate concentrations from the domestic wells were significantly greater in areas classified as developed than in areas classified as undeveloped, agricultural, or mixed.
Chloride to bromide mass ratios in the domestic well samples indicate that the groundwater was probably affected by at least three halogen sources: local precipitation and recharge waters, remnant seawater and connate waters evolved from seawater, and recharge waters affected by road salt. The groundwater in the NECR aquifers generally contained low concentrations of nitrate, VOCs, and pesticides. Less than 1 percent of water samples from 4,781 studied wells had concentrations of nitrate greater than the MCL of 10 mg/L. Less than 1 percent of water samples from 1,299 studied wells exceeded the USEPA advisory level of 20 to 40 μg/L for MtBE. None of the other studied VOCs exceeded a human health benchmark. MtBE (36 percent frequency detection) and chloroform (32.9 percent frequency detection) were the most frequently detected (>0.02 μg/L) VOCs in the domestic wells. MtBE was detected more often in water samples with apparent ages of less than 25 years than in water samples with apparent ages greater than 25 years. This finding is consistent with the time period of high MtBE use in areas in the United States where reformulated gasoline was mandated. The largest pesticide concentration was an estimated concentration of 0.06 μg/L for the herbicide metolachlor. Deethylatrazine, a degradate of atrazine, (18 percent frequency detection) and atrazine (8 percent frequency detection) were the only pesticide compounds detected (>0.001 μg/L) in more than 3 percent of the domestic wells. None of the detected pesticide compounds exceeded human health benchmarks.
Concentrations of nitrate and gross alpha-particle activities were significantly greater in the water samples from the domestic wells than in samples from the public-supply wells. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, iron, manganese, and uranium were significantly greater in the water samples from the public-supply wells than in the samples from the domestic wells. One possible explanation may be related to differences in field processing (filtered samples from the domestic wells compared to unfiltered samples from the public-supply wells).
The high frequency of detections for a wide variety of manmade and naturally occurring contaminants in both domestic and public-supply wells shows the vulnerability of NECR aquifers to contamination. The highly variable water quality and the association with highly variable lithology of crystalline bedrock underscores the importance of testing individual wells to determine if concentrations for the most commonly detected contaminants exceed human health benchmarks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20115220","isbn":"ISBN 978-1-411-33417-5","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S.M., Ayotte, J.D., Robinson, G.R., Jr., 2018, Quality of water from crystalline rock aquifers in New England, New Jersey, and New York, 1995–2007 (ver.1.1, April 2018): U.S. Geological Survey 2011–5220, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20115220.\n","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"122","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353386,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5220/pdf/sir20115220.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2011-5220"},{"id":353387,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5220/versionHist.txt","size":"1.33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":257873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5220/index.html","text":"Index Page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":257884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5220/images/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -66.90673828125,\n 40.56389453066509\n ],\n [\n -66.90673828125,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 47.39834920035926\n ],\n [\n -75.03662109375,\n 40.56389453066509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally released June 25, 2012; Version 1.1: April 13, 2018","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
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Pembroke, NH 03275
Ground water historically has been the sole source of water supply for the Town of Yucca Valley in the Warren subbasin of the Morongo ground-water basin, California. An imbalance between ground-water recharge and pumpage caused ground-water levels in the subbasin to decline by as much as 300 feet from the late 1940s through 1994. In response, the local water district, Hi-Desert Water District, instituted an artificial recharge program in February 1995 using imported surface water to replenish the ground water. The artificial recharge program resulted in water-level recoveries of as much as 250 feet in the vicinity of the recharge ponds between February 1995 and December 2001; however, nitrate concentrations in some wells also increased from a background concentration of 10 milligrams per liter to more than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen).
The objectives of this study were to: (1) evaluate the sources of the high-nitrate concentrations that occurred after the start of the artificial-recharge program, (2) develop a ground-water flow and solute-transport model to better understand the source and transport of nitrates in the aquifer system, and (3) utilize the calibrated models to evaluate the possible effect of a proposed conjunctive-use project. These objectives were accomplished by collecting water-level and water-quality data for the subbasin and assessing changes that have occurred since artificial recharge began. Collected data were used to calibrate the ground-water flow and solute-transport models.
Data collected for this study indicate that the areal extent of the water-bearing deposits is much smaller (about 5.5 square miles versus 19 square miles) than that of the subbasin. These water-bearing deposits are referred to in this report as the Warren ground-water basin. Faults separate the ground-water basin into five hydrogeologic units: the west, the midwest, the mideast, the east and the northeast hydrogeologic units.
Water-quality analyses indicate that septage from septic tanks is the primary source of the high-nitrate concentrations measured in the Warren ground-water basin. Water-quality and stable-isotope data, collected after the start of the artificial recharge program, indicate that mixing occurs between imported water and native ground water, with the highest recorded nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. In general, the timing of the increase in measured nitrate concentrations in the midwest hydrogeologic unit is directly related to the distance of the monitoring well from a recharge site, indicating that the increase in nitrate concentrations is related to the artificial recharge program. Nitrate-to-chloride and nitrogen-isotope data indicate that septage is the source of the measured increase in nitrate concentrations in the midwest and the mideast hydrogeologic units. Samples from four wells in the Warren ground-water basin were analyzed for caffeine and selected human pharmaceutical products; these analyses suggest that septage is reaching the water table.
There are two possible conceptual models that explain how high-nitrate septage reaches the water table: (1) the continued downward migration of septage through the unsaturated zone to the water table and (2) rising water levels, a result of the artificial recharge program, entraining septage in the unsaturated zone. The observations that nitrate concentrations increase in ground-water samples from wells soon after the start of the artificial recharge program in 1995 and that the largest increase in nitrate concentrations occur in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units where the largest increase in water levels occur indicate the validity of the second conceptual model (rising water levels). The potential nitrate concentration resulting from a water-level rise in the midwest and mideast hydrogeologic units was estimated using a simple mixing-cell model. The estimated value is within the range of concentrations measured in samples from wells, further indicating the validity of the second conceptual model.
A ground-water flow model and a solute-transport model were developed for the Warren ground-water basin for the period 1956-2001. MODFLOW-96 was used for the ground-water flow model and MOC3D was used for the solute-transport model. The model cell size is about 500 feet by 500 feet and the models were discretized vertically into three layers. The models were calibrated using a trial-and-error approach using water-level and nitrate-concentration data collected between 1956-2001. In order to better match the measured data, low fault hydraulic characteristic values were required, thereby compartmentalizing the ground-water basin. In addition, it was necessary to parameterize the specific yield distribution for the top model layer where unconfined ground-water conditions occur into three homogeneous zones. Separate sets of specific- yield values were needed to simulate the drawdown and subsequent water-level recovery. In addition, the calibrated natural recharge was about 83 acre-feet per year. The entrainment of unsaturated-zone septage was simulated as recharge having an associated nitrate concentration. The volume of recharge was a function of the measured water-level rise between 1994-98 and the moisture content of the unsaturated zone. The nitrate concentration of the recharge water was a weighted function of the assumed nitrate concentration in the infiltrating water associated with the overlying land use. The simulated hydraulic head and nitrate concentration results were in good agreement with the measured data indicating that the mechanism for the increase in nitrate concentrations was rising water levels entraining high-nitrate septage in the unsaturated-zone.
The calibrated models were used to simulate the possible effects of a planned conjunctive-use project in the western part of the ground-water basin. The simulated project included the addition of a new recharge pond and a new extraction well. In addition, recharge at two existing recharge ponds was increased and three existing production wells were pumped, treated in a nitrate-removal facility, and used for water supply. The simulated hydraulic heads increased in the west, the mideast, and parts of the east hydrogeologic units; however, the simulated hydraulic heads decreased in the midwest and northeast hydrogeologic units. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter (10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen) in parts of the west as a result of the increase in simulated hydraulic head. The simulated nitrate concentrations decreased in part of the midwest hydrogeologic unit as a result of the artificial recharge and pumping from the nitrate-removal wells. The simulated nitrate concentrations increased to above the MCL of 44 milligrams per liter in part of the mideast and parts of the east hydrogeologic units beneath commercial land-use areas.
The U.S. Geological Survey currently (2020) publishes information on concentrations and loads of water-quality constituents at 110 sites across the United States as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Network (NWQN). This report details historical and updated methods for computing water-quality loads at NWQN sites. The primary updates to historical load estimation methods include (1) an adaptation to methods for computing loads to the Gulf of Mexico; (2) the inclusion of loads and trends computed using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) and Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season with Kalman filtering (WRTDS–K) methods; and (3) the inclusion of loads computed using continuous water-quality data. Loads computed using WRTDS and WRTDS–K and continuous water-quality data are provided along with those computed using historical methods. Various aspects of method updates are evaluated in this report to help users of water-quality loading data determine which estimation methods best suit their particular application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171120","usgsCitation":"Lee, C.J., Murphy, J.C., Crawford, C.G., and Deacon, J.R, 2017, Methods for computing water-quality loads at sites in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Network (ver. 1.3, August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1120, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171120.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 20 p.; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-086966","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438099,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93DHTRJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nutrient and pesticide data collected from the USGS National Water Quality Network and previous networks, 1950-2022"},{"id":438098,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P948Z0VZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nutrient and pesticide data collected from the USGS National Water Quality Network and previous networks, 1950-2021"},{"id":388566,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1120/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"9.89 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2017–1120 Version History"},{"id":388565,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1120/ofr20171120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017–1120"},{"id":347239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1120/coverthb4.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.3: August 2021; Version 1.2: November 2020; Version 1.1: January 2020; Version 1.0: October 2017","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
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Environmental flows have become important restoration tools on regulated rivers. However, environmental flows are often constrained by other demands within the river system and thus typically are comprised of smaller water volumes than the natural flows they are meant to replace, which can limit their functional efficacy. We review environmental flow programs aimed at restoring riparian vegetation on four arid zone rivers: the Tarim River in China; the Bill Williams River in Arizona, U.S.; the delta of the Colorado River in Mexico; and the Murrumbidgee River in southern Australia. Our goal is to determine what worked and what did not work to accomplish restoration goals. The lower Tarim River in China formerly formed a “green corridor” across the Taklamakan Desert. The riparian zone deteriorated due to diversion of surface and groundwater for irrigated agriculture. A massive restoration program began in 2000 with release of 1038 million cubic meters of water over the first three years. Groundwater levels rose but the ecological response was less than expected politically, socially and within the scientific community. However, releases continued and by 2015 portions of the original iconic Populus euphratica (Euphrates poplar) forest were reestablished. The natural flow regime of the Bill Williams River was disrupted by construction of a dam in 1968, dramatically reducing peak flows along with associated fluvial processes. As a result, the channel narrowed and riparian vegetation expanded and was comprised largely of an introduced shrub species (Tamarix spp.). Environmental flow releases including small, managed floods and sustained base flows have been implemented since the mid 1990’s to promote establishment and maintenance of native riparian trees (cottonwoods and willows) and have been successful, although in a “downsized” portion of the valley bottom. Experience from the Bill Williams was used to help design the Minute 319 environmental flow in the delta of the Colorado River in 2014. Water was released as a short, one-time pulse during spring with the intent of starting new cohorts of cottonwood and willow. However, fluvial disturbance was limited by the relatively small magnitude pulse, low flows did not continue throughout the growing season in some reaches, native tree recruitment was low, and most of the new plants recruited were Tamarix. The inundated portion of the floodplain did respond with a temporary increase in greenness as measured by satellite vegetation indices, however. The Murrumbidgee River in Australia is a tributary in the Murray-Darling River Basin, which supports iconic red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) forests that depend on near-yearly floods for maintenance. During the recent Millennial Drought (2000–2010) environmental flows were provided on an experimental basis to small portions of the Yanga National Forest to see how much water was needed. As with the Colorado River delta, gains in vegetation vigor as measured by satellite vegetation indices following the flows were temporary. Environmental flows in the Bill Williams were able to restore enough overbank flooding and fluvial disturbance to promote some establishment of new cohorts of trees, but on the Colorado and Murrumbidgee Rivers larger volumes of total flows released over longer periods and targeted restoration will be needed to restore the ecosystems. A measure of success in restoring the Euphrates poplar forest on the Tarim and germinating new chorts of willows on the Bill Williams has been achieved after 15–20 years of environmental flows, but the Colorado River delta and Murrumbidgee Rivers have only received one or two flows. Success in enhancing native trees in the Colorado delta has been achieved in restoration plots, but the Murrumbidgee will require large overbank flows on a continuing schedule to rejuvenate the red gum forest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.009","usgsCitation":"Glenn, E., Nagler, P.L., Shafroth, P.B., and Jarchow, C., 2017, Effectiveness of environmental flows for riparian restoration in arid regions: A tale of four rivers: Ecological Engineering, v. 106, no. Part B, p. 695-703, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.009.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"703","ipdsId":"IP-077206","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"Part B","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc50ae4b0f5d57878eae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jarchow, Christopher 0000-0002-0424-4104 cjarchow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4104","contributorId":196069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarchow","given":"Christopher","email":"cjarchow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198037,"text":"70198037 - 2017 - Interactions of estuarine shoreline infrastructure with multiscale sea level variability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-16T10:48:25","indexId":"70198037","displayToPublicDate":"2018-07-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2321,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions of estuarine shoreline infrastructure with multiscale sea level variability","docAbstract":"Sea level rise increases the risk of storms and other short‐term water‐rise events, because it sets a higher water level such that coastal surges become more likely to overtop protections and cause floods. To protect coastal communities, it is necessary to understand the interaction among multiday and tidal sea level variabilities, coastal infrastructure, and sea level rise. We performed a series of numerical simulations for San Francisco Bay to examine two shoreline scenarios and a series of short‐term and long‐term sea level variations. The two shoreline configurations include the existing topography and a coherent full‐bay containment that follows the existing land boundary with an impermeable wall. The sea level variability consists of a half‐meter perturbation, with duration ranging from 2 days to permanent (i.e., sea level rise). The extent of coastal flooding was found to increase with the duration of the high‐water‐level event. The nonlinear interaction between these intermediate scale events and astronomical tidal forcing only contributes ∼1% of the tidal heights; at the same time, the tides are found to be a dominant factor in establishing the evolution and diffusion of multiday high water events. Establishing containment at existing shorelines can change the tidal height spectrum up to 5%, and the impact of this shoreline structure appears stronger in the low‐frequency range. To interpret the spatial and temporal variability at a wide range of frequencies, Optimal Dynamic Mode Decomposition is introduced to analyze the coastal processes and an inverse method is applied to determine the coefficients of a 1‐D diffusion wave model that quantify the impact of bottom roughness, tidal basin geometry, and shoreline configuration on the high water events
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017JC012730","usgsCitation":"Wang, R., Herdman, L.M., Erikson, L.H., Barnard, P., Hummel, M., and Stacey, M., 2017, Interactions of estuarine shoreline infrastructure with multiscale sea level variability: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, v. 122, no. 12, p. 9962-9979, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012730.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"9962","endPage":"9979","ipdsId":"IP-086795","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jc012730","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":355566,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e540e4b060350a15d05d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Ruo-Quian","contributorId":206190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ruo-Quian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37278,"text":"University of Dundee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herdman, Liv M. 0000-0002-5444-6441 lherdman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-6441","contributorId":149964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herdman","given":"Liv","email":"lherdman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erikson, Li H. 0000-0002-8607-7695 lerikson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8607-7695","contributorId":149963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erikson","given":"Li","email":"lerikson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":147147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick L.","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hummel, Michelle","contributorId":204476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummel","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stacey, Mark T.","contributorId":94531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacey","given":"Mark T.","affiliations":[{"id":12776,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":739746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185961,"text":"sim3378 - 2017 - Hydrogeologic characteristics and geospatial analysis of water-table changes in the alluvium of the lower Arkansas River Valley, southeastern Colorado, 2002, 2008, and 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T14:30:44","indexId":"sim3378","displayToPublicDate":"2018-03-08T15:25:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3378","title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics and geospatial analysis of water-table changes in the alluvium of the lower Arkansas River Valley, southeastern Colorado, 2002, 2008, and 2015","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District measures groundwater levels periodically in about 100 wells completed in the alluvial material of the Arkansas River Valley in Pueblo, Crowley, Otero, Bent, and Prowers Counties in southeastern Colorado, of which 95 are used for the analysis in this report. The purpose of this report is to provide information to water-resource administrators, managers, planners, and users about groundwater characteristics in the alluvium of the lower Arkansas Valley extending roughly 150 miles between Pueblo Reservoir and the Colorado-Kansas State line. This report includes three map sheets showing (1) bedrock altitude at the base of the alluvium of the lower Arkansas Valley; (2) estimated spring-to-spring and fall-to-fall changes in water-table altitude between 2002, 2008, and 2015; and (3) estimated saturated thickness in the alluvium during spring and fall of 2002, 2008, and 2015, and thickness of the alluvium in the lower Arkansas Valley. Water-level changes were analyzed by geospatial interpolation methods.
Available data included all water-level measurements made between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2015; however, only data from fall and spring of 2002, 2008, and 2015 are mapped in this report. To account for the effect of John Martin Reservoir in Bent County, Colorado, lake levels at the reservoir were assigned to points along the approximate shoreline and were included in the water-level dataset. After combining the water-level measurements and lake levels, inverse distance weighting was used to interpolate between points and calculate the altitude of the water table for fall and spring of each year for comparisons. Saturated thickness was calculated by subtracting the bedrock surface from the water-table surface. Thickness of the alluvium was calculated by subtracting the bedrock surface from land surface using a digital elevation model.
In order to analyze the response of the alluvium to varying environmental and anthropogenic conditions, the percentage of area of the lower Arkansas Valley showing an absolute change of 3 feet or less was calculated for each of the six water-table altitude change maps. For fall water-table altitude change maps, the periods between 2002 and 2008, 2008 and 2015, and 2002 and 2015 showed that 86.5 percent, 85.2 percent, and 66.3 percent of the study area, respectively, showed a net change of 3 feet or less. In the spring water-table altitude change maps these periods showed a net change of 3 feet or less in 94.4 percent, 96.1 percent, and 90.2 percent of the study area, respectively. While the estimated change in water-table altitude was slightly greater and more variable in fall-to-fall comparisons, these high percentages of area with relatively small net changes indicated that, at least in comparisons of the years presented, there was not a large amount of fluctuation in the altitude of the water table.
The saturated thickness in the lower Arkansas Valley was between 25 and 50 feet in 34.4 to 35.9 percent of the study area, depending on the season and year. Between 30.2 and 35.6 percent of the area showed saturated thicknesses between 0 and 25 feet. Less than 1 percent of the area showed a saturated thickness greater than 200 feet in all mapped seasons and years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3378","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Arkansas Valley Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Holmberg, M.J., 2017, Hydrogeologic characteristics and geospatial analysis of water-table changes in the alluvium of the lower Arkansas River Valley, southeastern Colorado, 2002, 2008, and 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3378, pamphlet 9 p., 3 sheets, scale 1:130,000 and 1:575, 000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3378.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 9 p.; 3 Sheets: 43.0 x 32.0 inches or smaller; 2 Appendixes; Data Release; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-081751","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341216,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3378_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","size":"17.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3378 Sheet 3","linkHelpText":" Estimated Saturated Thickness of the Alluvium, Spring 2002, 2008, and 2015; Fall, 2002, 2008, and 2015, and Estimated Thickness of the Alluvium in the Lower Arkansas River Valley, Southeast Colorado"},{"id":341219,"rank":8,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3378Readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"12.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIM 3378 Read Me"},{"id":341217,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3387_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"36.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3378 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Well Information and Measured Water Levels in the lower Arkansas Valley, Southeast Colorado, 2001–2015"},{"id":341213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341303,"rank":9,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71G0JF6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeologic Characteristics and Geospatial Analysis of Water-Table Changes in the Alluvium of the Lower Arkansas River Valley, Southeastern Colorado, 2002, 2008, and 2015"},{"id":341215,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3378_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"17.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3378 Sheet 2","linkHelpText":"Estimated Change in Water-Table Altitude, Spring-to-Spring, 2002–2008, 2018–2015, and 2002–2015; Fall-to-Fall, 2002–2008, 2018–2015, and 2002–2015; and Locations of Monitoring Wells in the Alluvium of the Lower Arkansas River Valley, Southeast Colorado"},{"id":341218,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3387_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"572 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3378 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":" Hydrographs Showing Water-Table Altitude in Select Monitoring Wells in the lower Arkansas Valley and Water-Surface Altitude in John Martin Reservoir, Southeast Colorado, 2001–2015"},{"id":341223,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3378_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"8.02 MB ","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3378 Sheet 1","linkHelpText":" Bedrock Altitude at the Base of the Alluvium of the Lower Arkansas River Valley, Southeast Colorado"},{"id":341221,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3378/sim3378.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.25 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3378 Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.66125488281249,\n 37.93986540897977\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.93986540897977\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 38.29424797320529\n ],\n [\n -104.66125488281249,\n 38.29424797320529\n ],\n [\n -104.66125488281249,\n 37.93986540897977\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Colorado Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-415
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Monitoring and conserving waterbirds, including Sora (Porzana carolina), in Missouri, is constrained by the lack of information on migration phenology. We performed nocturnal distance sampling surveys by ATV across 11 state and federal managed wetlands in Missouri, USA from 2012–2015 to compare the timing of Sora' autumn migration among years. Migration of Sora in Missouri began in the first week of August, on average it peaked on 25 September, and continued through the last week of October. We detected migration of Sora earlier in autumn than did previous work. We found the start and end of migration did not vary annually in 3 of 4 years. With our results, wetland managers should be able to better time their management for rails in Missouri.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/16-108.1","usgsCitation":"Fournier, A., Mengel, D.C., Gbur, E.E., and Krementz, D.G., 2017, Timing of autumn migration of Sora (Porzana carolina) in Missouri: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 129, no. 4, p. 765-770, https://doi.org/10.1676/16-108.1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"770","ipdsId":"IP-071137","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee788e4b0da30c1bfc2bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier, Auriel M. V.","contributorId":176535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier","given":"Auriel M. V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mengel, Doreen C.","contributorId":203619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mengel","given":"Doreen","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gbur, Edward E.","contributorId":203620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gbur","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":731941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krementz, David G. 0000-0002-5661-4541 dkrementz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5661-4541","contributorId":2827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"David","email":"dkrementz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70195499,"text":"70195499 - 2017 - Testing the limits of temporal stability: Willingness to pay values among Grand Canyon whitewater boaters across decades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-18T13:58:46","indexId":"70195499","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing the limits of temporal stability: Willingness to pay values among Grand Canyon whitewater boaters across decades","docAbstract":"We directly compare trip willingness to pay (WTP) values between 1985 and 2015 stated preference surveys of private party Grand Canyon boaters using identically designed valuation methods. The temporal gap of 30 years between these two studies is well beyond that of any tests of WTP temporal stability in the literature. Comparisons were made of mean WTP estimates for four hypothetical Colorado River flow level scenarios. WTP values from the 1985 survey were adjusted to 2015 levels using the consumer price index. Mean WTP precision was estimated through simulation. No statistically significant differences were detected between the adjusted Bishop et al. (1987) and the current study mean WTP estimates. Examination of pooled models of the data from the studies suggest that while the estimated WTP values are stable over time, the underlying valuation functions may not be, particularly when the data and models are corrected to account for differing bid structures and possible panel effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2017WR020729","usgsCitation":"Neher, C.J., Duffield, J., Bair, L.S., Patterson, D.A., and Neher, K., 2017, Testing the limits of temporal stability: Willingness to pay values among Grand Canyon whitewater boaters across decades: Water Resources Research, v. 53, no. 12, p. 10108-10120, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020729.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"10108","endPage":"10120","ipdsId":"IP-084682","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":461315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr020729","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7M044C9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Grand Canyon Whitewater Boater Data, Temporal Stability of Willingness to Pay Values"},{"id":351777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","volume":"53","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee788e4b0da30c1bfc2be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neher, Chris J.","contributorId":202569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neher","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36482,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, John","contributorId":202570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffield","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36482,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bair, Lucas S. 0000-0002-9911-3624 lbair@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-3624","contributorId":5270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bair","given":"Lucas","email":"lbair@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":728924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patterson, David A.","contributorId":175326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36482,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neher, Katherine","contributorId":202571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neher","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36483,"text":"Bioeconomics, Inc. Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195159,"text":"70195159 - 2017 - Control of landslide volume and hazard by glacial stratigraphic architecture, Northwest Washington state, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:31:33","indexId":"70195159","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of landslide volume and hazard by glacial stratigraphic architecture, Northwest Washington state, USA","docAbstract":"Landslide volumes span many orders of magnitude, but large-volume slides tend to travel\nfarther and consequently can pose a greater hazard. In northwest Washington State, USA, a\nlandscape abounding with landslides big and small, the recent occurrence of the large-volume\nand tragically deadly State Route 530 (Oso) landslide is a stark reminder of the hazards\nassociated with glacial terraces lining valleys of the western Cascade Range. What controls\nthe differences in location and size of these slope failures? Here, we examine the control on\nlandslide volume and failure style by terrace sedimentary architecture. We analyze lidar\ntopographic data in three nearby valleys and find significant variation in landslide deposit\nvolumes, morphology, and relative mobility in each valley. Geologic data show that each site\ndiffers in the thickness and position of outwash, tills, and glaciolacustrine clays. Combining\na three-dimensional limit-equilibrium slope-stability analysis (Scoops3D) with simulations\nof variably saturated groundwater flow (VS2Dt), we show that landslide volumes are highly\nsensitive both to the distribution of material strength as well as the location of perched water\ntables. Modeled landslides match observed failure sizes and depths in all valleys when the\neffects of variably saturated groundwater flow are included. The position and thickness of\nlow-strength strata act as first-order controls on landslide volume, with peak volumes for\nstratigraphic geometries similar to that of the valley containing the Oso landslide. Knowledge\nof feedbacks between lithology and hydrology is therefore critical to assess the landslide\nhazard and evolution of landscapes composed of stratigraphically layered units.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G39691.1","usgsCitation":"Perkins, J., Reid, M.E., and Schmidt, K.M., 2017, Control of landslide volume and hazard by glacial stratigraphic architecture, Northwest Washington state, USA: Geology, v. 45, no. 12, p. 1139-1142, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39691.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1142","ipdsId":"IP-086196","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.7822265625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -119.0478515625,\n 49.56797785892715\n ],\n [\n -126.7822265625,\n 49.56797785892715\n ],\n [\n -126.7822265625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"45","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e6de4b00f54eb22929b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, Jonathan","contributorId":201949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"Jonathan","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmidt, Kevin M. 0000-0003-2365-8035 kschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":1985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Kevin","email":"kschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194990,"text":"70194990 - 2017 - Assessing the impacts of future climate conditions on the effectiveness of winter cover crops in reducing nitrate loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watershed using SWAT model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T10:17:23","indexId":"70194990","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3627,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impacts of future climate conditions on the effectiveness of winter cover crops in reducing nitrate loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watershed using SWAT model","docAbstract":"Winter cover crops (WCCs) have been widely implemented in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) due to their high effectiveness at reducing nitrate loads. However, future climate conditions (FCCs) are expected to exacerbate water quality degradation in the CBW by increasing nitrate loads from agriculture. Accordingly, the question remains whether WCCs are sufficient to mitigate increased nutrient loads caused by FCCs. In this study, we assessed the impacts of FCCs on WCC nitrate reduction efficiency on the Coastal Plain of the CBW using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Three FCC scenarios (2085 – 2098) were prepared using General Circulation Models (GCMs), considering three Intergovernmnental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We also developed six representative WCC implementation scenarios based on the most commonly used planting dates and species of WCCs in this region. Simulation results showed that WCC biomass increased by ~ 58 % under FCC scenarios, due to climate conditions conducive to the WCC growth. Prior to implementing WCCs, annual nitrate loads increased by ~ 43 % under FCC scenarios compared to the baseline scenario (2001 – 2014). When WCCs were planted, annual nitrate loads were substantially reduced by ~ 48 % and WCC nitrate reduction efficiency water ~ 5 % higher under FCC scenarios relative to the baseline. The increase rate of WCC nitrate reduction efficiency varied by FCC scenarios and WCC planting methods. As CO2 concentration was higher and winters were warmer under FCC scenarios, WCCs had greater biomass and therefore showed higher nitrate reduction efficiency. In response to FCC scenarios, the performance of less effective WCC practices (e.g., barley, wheat, and late planting) under the baseline indicated ~ 14 % higher increase rate of nitrate reduction efficiency compared to ones with better effectiveness under the baseline (e.g., rye and early planting), due to warmer temperatures. According to simulation results, WCCs were effective to mitigate nitrate loads accelerated by FCCs and therefore the role of WCCs in mitigating nitrate loads is even more important in the given FCCs.","language":"English","publisher":"ASABE","doi":"10.13031/trans.12390","usgsCitation":"Lee, S., Sadeghi, A.M., Yeo, I., McCarty, G.W., and Hively, W., 2017, Assessing the impacts of future climate conditions on the effectiveness of winter cover crops in reducing nitrate loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watershed using SWAT model: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, v. 60, no. 6, p. 1939-1955, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12390.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1939","endPage":"1955","ipdsId":"IP-090236","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":350954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -74.827880859375,\n 37.055177106660814\n ],\n [\n -74.827880859375,\n 39.816975090490004\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 39.816975090490004\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 37.055177106660814\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586d8e4b00f54eb1d81e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Sangchul","contributorId":201237,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Sangchul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sadeghi, Ali M.","contributorId":131147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadeghi","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7262,"text":"USDA-ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeo, In-Young","contributorId":131145,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeo","given":"In-Young","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7261,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":192367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hively, W. Dean whively@usgs.gov","contributorId":4919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hively","given":"W. Dean","email":"whively@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70195022,"text":"70195022 - 2017 - Granular flows at recurring slope lineae on Mars indicate a limited role for liquid water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T16:16:35","indexId":"70195022","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Granular flows at recurring slope lineae on Mars indicate a limited role for liquid water","docAbstract":"Recent liquid water flow on Mars has been proposed based on geomorphological features, such as gullies. Recurring slope lineae — seasonal flows that are darker than their surroundings — are candidate locations for seeping liquid water on Mars today, but their formation mechanism remains unclear. Topographical analysis shows that the terminal slopes of recurring slope lineae match the stopping angle for granular flows of cohesionless sand in active Martian aeolian dunes. In Eos Chasma, linea lengths vary widely and are longer where there are more extensive angle-of-repose slopes, inconsistent with models for water sources. These observations suggest that recurring slope lineae are granular flows. The preference for warm seasons and the detection of hydrated salts are consistent with some role for water in their initiation. However, liquid water volumes may be small or zero, alleviating planetary protection concerns about habitable environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41561-017-0012-5","usgsCitation":"Dundas, C.M., McEwen, A.S., Chojnacki, M., Milazzo, M.P., Byrne, S., McElwaine, J., and Urso, A., 2017, Granular flows at recurring slope lineae on Mars indicate a limited role for liquid water: Nature Geoscience, v. 10, p. 903-907, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0012-5.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"907","ipdsId":"IP-079976","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-017-0012-5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":350995,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586d8e4b00f54eb1d81ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew","contributorId":201621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milazzo, Moses P. 0000-0002-9101-2191 moses@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-2191","contributorId":4811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milazzo","given":"Moses","email":"moses@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":726605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":192609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McElwaine, Jim","contributorId":201623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McElwaine","given":"Jim","affiliations":[{"id":25252,"text":"Durham University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Urso, Anna","contributorId":173270,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urso","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70198023,"text":"70198023 - 2017 - Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-06T14:36:28","indexId":"70198023","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic overview of the Mars Science Laboratory rover mission at the Kimberley, Gale crater, Mars","docAbstract":"The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover completed a detailed investigation at the Kimberley waypoint within Gale crater from sols 571-634 using its full science instrument payload. From orbital images examined early in the Curiosity mission, the Kimberley region had been identified as a high-priority science target based on its clear stratigraphic relationships in a layered sedimentary sequence that had been exposed by differential erosion. Observations of the stratigraphic sequence at the Kimberley made by Curiosity are consistent with deposition in a prograding, fluvio-deltaic system during the late Noachian to early Hesperian, prior to the existence of most of Mt. Sharp. Geochemical and mineralogic analyses suggest that sediment deposition likely took place under cold conditions with relatively low water-to-rock ratios. Based on elevated K2O abundances throughout the Kimberley formation, an alkali feldspar protolith is likely one of several igneous sources from which the sediments were derived. After deposition, the rocks underwent multiple episodes of diagenetic alteration with different aqueous chemistries and redox conditions, as evidenced by the presence of Ca-sulfate veins, Mn-oxide fracture-fills, and erosion-resistant nodules. More recently, the Kimberley has been subject to significant aeolian abrasion and removal of sediments to create modern topography that slopes away from Mt. Sharp, a process that has continued to the present day.
The Washington West 30’ × 60’ quadrangle covers an area of approximately 4,884 square kilometers (1,343 square miles) in and west of the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. The eastern part of the area is highly urbanized, and more rural areas to the west are rapidly being developed. The area lies entirely within the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin and mostly within the Potomac River watershed. It contains part of the Nation's main north-south transportation corridor east of the Blue Ridge Mountains, consisting of Interstate Highway 95, U.S. Highway 1, and railroads, as well as parts of the Capital Beltway and Interstate Highway 66. Extensive Federal land holdings in addition to those in Washington, D.C., include the Marine Corps Development and Education Command at Quantico, Fort Belvoir, Vint Hill Farms Station, the Naval Ordnance Station at Indian Head, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historic Park, Great Falls Park, and Manassas National Battlefield Park. The quadrangle contains most of Washington, D.C.; part or all of Arlington, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Loudoun, Prince William, Rappahannock, and Stafford Counties in northern Virginia; and parts of Charles, Montgomery, and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland.
The Washington West quadrangle spans four geologic provinces. From west to east these provinces are the Blue Ridge province, the early Mesozoic Culpeper basin, the Piedmont province, and the Coastal Plain province. There is some overlap in ages of rocks in the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces. The Blue Ridge province, which occupies the western part of the quadrangle, contains metamorphic and igneous rocks of Mesoproterozoic to Early Cambrian age. Mesoproterozoic (Grenville-age) rocks are mostly granitic gneisses, although older metaigneous rocks are found as xenoliths. Small areas of Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks nonconformably overlie Mesoproterozoic rocks. Neoproterozoic granitic rocks of the Robertson River Igneous Suite intruded the Mesoproterozoic rocks. The Mesoproterozoic rocks are nonconformably overlain by Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Fauquier and Lynchburg Groups, which in turn are overlain by metabasalt of the Catoctin Formation. The Catoctin Formation is overlain by Lower Cambrian clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Chilhowee Group. The Piedmont province is exposed in the east-central part of the map area, between overlapping sedimentary units of the Culpeper basin on the west and those of the Coastal Plain province on the east. In this area, the Piedmont province contains Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic metamorphosed sedimentary, volcanic, and plutonic rocks. Allochthonous mélange complexes on the western side of the Piedmont are bordered on the east by metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Chopawamsic Formation, which has been interpreted as part of volcanic arc. The mélange complexes are unconformably overlain by metasedimentary rocks of the Popes Head Formation. The Silurian and Ordovician Quantico Formation is the youngest metasedimentary unit in this part of the Piedmont. Igneous rocks include the Garrisonville Mafic Complex, transported ultramafic and mafic inclusions in mélanges, monzogranite of the Dale City pluton, and Ordovician tonalitic and granitic plutons. Jurassic diabase dikes are the youngest intrusions. The fault boundary between rocks of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont provinces is concealed beneath the Culpeper basin in this area but is exposed farther south. Early Mesozoic rocks of the Culpeper basin unconformably overlie those of the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces in the central part of the quadrangle. The north-northeast-trending extensional basin contains Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic nonmarine sedimentary rocks. Lower Jurassic sedimentary strata are interbedded with basalt flows, and both Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic strata are intruded by diabase of Early Jurassic age. The Bull Run Mountain fault, a major Mesozoic normal fault characterized by down-to-the-east displacement, separates rocks of the Culpeper basin from those of the Blue Ridge province on the west. On the east, the contact between rocks of the Culpeper basin and those of the Piedmont province is an unconformity, which has been locally disrupted by normal faults. Sediments of the Coastal Plain province unconformably overlie rocks of the Piedmont province along the Fall Zone and occupy the eastern part of the quadrangle. Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Potomac Formation consist of fluvial-deltaic gravels, sands, silts, and clays. Discontinuous fluvial and estuarine terrace deposits of Pleistocene and middle- to late-Tertiary age flank the modern Potomac River valley unconformable capping these Cretaceous strata and the crystalline basement where the Cretaceous has been removed by erosion. East of the Potomac River, the Potomac Formation is onlapped and unconformably overlain by a westward thinning wedge of marine sedimentary deposits of Late Cretaceous and early- and late-Tertiary age. Basement rooted Coastal Plain faults of Tertiary to Quaternary age occur along the Fall Zone and this part of the inner Coastal Plain. These Coastal Plain faults have geomorphic expression that appear to influence river drainage patterns.
The geologic map of the Washington West quadrangle is intended to serve as a foundation for applying geologic information to problems involving land use decisions, groundwater availability and quality, earth resources such as natural aggregate for construction, assessment of natural hazards, and engineering and environmental studies for waste disposal sites and construction projects. This 1:100,000-scale map is mainly based on more detailed geologic mapping at a scale of 1:24,000.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20171142","usgsCitation":"Lyttle, P.T., Aleinikoff, J.N., Burton, W.C., Crider, E.A., Jr., Drake, A.A., Jr., Froelich, A.J., Horton, J.W., Jr., Kasselas, Gregorios, Mixon, R.B., McCartan, Lucy, Nelson, A.E., Newell, W.L., Pavlides, Louis, Powars, D.S., Southworth, C.S., and Weems, R.E., 2017, Geologic map of the Washington West 30’ × 60’ quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and Washington D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017–1142, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171142.","productDescription":"Map: 55.30 x 60.78 inches; Database; Database Metadata; Spatial Data","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052801","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350265,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142_washington-west-geologic-map-database.zip","text":"Database","size":"102 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Washington West Geologic Map Database"},{"id":350266,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142_washingtonwestVADCMD-ArcGIS-10.0.mxd","size":"438 KB mxd","linkHelpText":"- Washington West: Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. (ArcGIS 10.0)"},{"id":350263,"rank":4,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142_washington-west-base-map.zip","text":"Base Map","size":"50.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Washington West Base Map Files"},{"id":350262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142_washington-west-geologic-shapefiles.zip","text":"Shapefiles","size":"9.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"linkHelpText":"- Washington West Geologic Shapefiles"},{"id":350260,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":350261,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2017-1142"},{"id":350264,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2017/1142/ofr20171142_washington-west-geologic-database-metadata.zip","text":"Database Metadata","linkHelpText":"- Washington West Geologic Database Metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Washington, D.C.","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -78,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
926A National Center
Reston, VA 20192
This article introduces the five papers in the “International Watershed Technology” collection. These papers were selected from 60 technical presentations at the fifth biennial ASABE 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop: Improving the Quality of Water Resources at Local, Basin, and Regional Scales, held in Quito, Ecuador, on 3-9 December 2016. The conference focused on solving spatial and temporal water quality and quantity problems and addressed topics such as watershed management in developing countries, aquatic ecology and ecohydrology, ecosystem services, climate change mitigation strategies, flood forecasting, remote sensing, and water resource policy and management. While diverse, the presentation topics reflected the continuing evolution of the “data mining” and “big data” themes of past conferences related to geospatial data applications, with increasing emphasis on practical solutions. The papers selected for this collection represent applications of spatial data analyses toward practical ends with a theme of “tools and techniques for sustainability.” The papers address a range of topics, including the matching of crops with water availability, and assessing the environmental impacts of agricultural production. The papers identify some of the latest tools and techniques for improving sustainability in watershed resource management that are relevant to both developing and developed countries.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)","doi":"10.13031/trans.12687","usgsCitation":"Tollner, E.W., and Douglas-Mankin, K.R., 2017, International Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Quantity at the Local, Basin, and Regional Scales: Transactions of the ASABE, v. 60, no. 6, p. 1915-1916, https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12687.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1915","endPage":"1916","ipdsId":"IP-094678","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":469223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12687","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee788e4b0da30c1bfc2c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tollner, Ernest W.","contributorId":203934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tollner","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36765,"text":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas-Mankin, Kyle R. 0000-0002-3155-3666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-3666","contributorId":203927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas-Mankin","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197620,"text":"70197620 - 2017 - A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T10:27:56","indexId":"70197620","displayToPublicDate":"2018-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios","docAbstract":"During water year 2016 the U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center (USGS) collaborated with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to conduct a joint hydrodynamic and fisheries study to acquire data that could be used to evaluate the effects of proposed modifications to the Fremont Weir on outmigrating juvenile Chinook salmon. During this study the USGS surgically implanted acoustic tags in juvenile late fall run Chinook salmon from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery, released the acoustically tagged juvenile salmon into the Sacramento River upstream of the Fremont Weir, and tracked their movements as they emigrated past the western end of the Fremont Weir.
The USGS analyzed tracking data from the acoustically tagged juvenile salmon along with detailed hydrodynamic data collected in the Sacramento River during the winter/spring of water year 2016 in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir to assess the potential for enhancing the entrainment of Sacramento River Chinook salmon onto the Yolo Bypass under six different Fremont Weir modification scenarios. Each modification scenario consists of a notch or multiple notches in the Fremont Weir which are designed to divert a portion of the Sacramento River onto the Yolo Bypass when the Sacramento River is below the crest of the Fremont Weir. The primary goal of this entrainment analysis was to investigate how the location of the notch or notches in each scenario affected the entrainment of juvenile Chinook salmon onto the Yolo Bypass, and to predict the notch location or locations that would result in maximum entrainment under each modification scenario.
Stumpner et al.’s (in review) analysis of hydraulic data collected during the 2016 study period showed that backwater effects in the Sacramento River created significant variability in the relationship between Sacramento River stage and the proportion of the Sacramento River flow that we expect to be diverted onto the Yolo Bypass under the modification scenarios. Because of this variability, accurately evaluating the entrainment potential of possible notch locations for each scenario required combining historic abundance data for juvenile Sacramento River Chinook salmon with historic hydraulic data for the Sacramento River in the vicinity of the Fremont Weir, so that the entrainment estimates would reflect the covariance between Sacramento River stage, Sacramento River discharge, and juvenile salmon abundance within the historic record.
We used a Monte Carlo simulation framework to combine the high resolution hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag track data collected in 2016 with historic juvenile salmon abundance, Sacramento River stage, and Sacramento River discharge data from a period spanning water years 1996-2010 to assess the entrainment potential of different weir modification scenarios under historic conditions. The scenarios we simulated consisted of four single notch configurations, and two multiple notch configurations in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir. For each notch configuration the 15-water-year entrainment simulation was repeated for 63 possible notch locations in the vicinity of the western end of the Fremont Weir. This approach allowed us to assess the effect of notch location on the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass for each of the six notch configurations that we evaluated.
The entrainment simulations showed that the location of each notch configuration had a major impact on the entrainment for each scenario; the predicted entrainment of some scenarios varied by as much as 400% based on where the notch (or notches) was (were) located in the study area. All of the single notch scenarios performed best when they were located within a 330 ft (100 meter) long section of the Sacramento River bank adjacent to the western terminus of the Fremont Weir (Table 1). Both of the multiple notch scenarios performed best when their upstream notches were located about 660 ft (200 meters) upstream of the western terminus of the Fremont Weir (Table 1). The results of the entrainment simulations indicated that for each notch configuration the same notch location produced near-maximum entrainment regardless of run abundance timing; this result suggests that there are areas within the study are where a notch (or notches) can be sited to achieve maximum entrainment for all runs (barring significant behavioral or physiological differences between runs). In addition, the simulation results indicate that for each notch configuration the same location is expected to produce nearmaximum entrainment for both wet water years and dry water years.
Based on the results of the entrainment simulation we make three general recommendations for strategies to improve the entrainment potential of a notch in the Fremont Weir:
1) Comparisons between the maximum entrainment potential for each scenario suggested that total entrainment of winter run, spring run, and fall run salmon onto the Yolo Bypass can be increased by increasing the amount of water entering a notch when the Sacramento River stage is between 19 ft and 22 ft NAVD88; this could be accomplished by lowering notch invert elevations or by adding a control section to the Sacramento River to raise stage for a given discharge.
2) The relationship between Sacramento River stage and entrainment for each scenario indicated that entrainment efficiency for each scenario declined significantly once Sacramento River stage exceeded bankfull (approximately 28.5 ft NAVD88). This effect was likely due to inundation of the floodplain between the Sacramento River and the Fremont Weir; Stumpner et. al (In Review) have documented a reduction in the strength of the secondary circulation and centralization of the downwelling zone in the Sacramento River when this floodplain is inundated. Therefore, increasing the height of the river right bank of the Sacramento River to coincide with the height of the Fremont Weir is recommended to increase entrainment at higher stages.
3) Bathymetric features upstream of notch openings appeared to have a major impact on the entrainment potential of the simulated notches. For this reason we recommend taking care to avoid siting notches immediately downstream of bank features that alter the sidewall boundary layer, and we expect that smoothing the bank bathymetry upstream of a notch will enhance entrainment.
Finally, we caution that the entrainment simulation was based on the behavior of large hatchery smolts, so it is likely that our results will be sensitive to any differences in behavior and physiology between these hatchery surrogates and naturally migrating juvenile salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Delta Stewardship Council","usgsCitation":"Blake, A.R., Stumpner, P., and Burau, J.R., 2017, A simulation method for combining hydrodynamic data and acoustic tag tracks to predict the entrainment of juvenile salmonids onto the Yolo Bypass under future engineering scenarios, 108 p.","productDescription":"108 p.","ipdsId":"IP-089808","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://deltacouncil.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2018/04/Entrainment%20Analysis_FinalVersion_Released.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e607e4b060350a15d246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blake, Aaron R. 0000-0001-7348-2336 ablake@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-2336","contributorId":5059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"Aaron","email":"ablake@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stumpner, Paul 0000-0002-0933-7895 pstump@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-7895","contributorId":5667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpner","given":"Paul","email":"pstump@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205968,"text":"70205968 - 2017 - Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Gulf Coast waterdog (Necturus beyeri) using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing and cross-amplification in other Necturus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-11T17:22:03","indexId":"70205968","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-31T17:20:04","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Gulf Coast waterdog (Necturus beyeri) using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing and cross-amplification in other Necturus","title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci for the Gulf Coast waterdog (Necturus beyeri) using paired-end Illumina shotgun sequencing and cross-amplification in other Necturus","docAbstract":"Amphibians are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates (Stuart et al. 2004; Wake and Vredenburg 2008), and the application of molecular techniques to amphibian ecology and genetics has dramatically improved our ability to conserve species and populations (see Shaffer et al. [2015] for review). Microsatellites, tandem repeats of two to six nucleotides in the nuclear genome, are highly variable molecular markers that can be used to describe gene flow and genetic diversity, each of which is positively correlated with population persistence (Allendorf and Luikart 2007; Allentoft and O’Brien 2010; Avise 2004; Selkoe and Toonen 2006). Microsatellite loci have frequently been applied to studies involving terrestrial and pond breeding amphibians (Emel and Storfer 2012), but fewer studies have focused on taxa inhabiting lotic systems (Emel and Storfer 2012). For example, studies characterizing microsatellite loci are completely lacking for a group of permanently aquatic salamanders, the waterdogs and mudpuppies (Family Proteidae, Genus Necturus) (Rafinesque 1819).
The genus Necturus consists of several species of perennibranch salamanders that can be found throughout many freshwater streams, rivers, and lakes in North America (Petranka 1998). Some authorities recognize five species (Crother 2012; Petranka 1998), including the Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) (Rafinesque 1819), Gulf Coast Waterdog (N. beyeri) (Viosca 1937), Black Warrior Waterdog (N. alabamensis) (Viosca 1937), Neuse River Waterdog (N. lewisi) (Brimley 1924), and Dwarf Waterdog (N. punctatus) (Gibbes 1850). This taxonomy also recognizes two subspecies within N. maculosus, including the Common Mudpuppy (N. m. maculosus) and the Red River Waterdog (N. m. louisianensis) (Crother 2012; Petranka 1998; Schmidt 1953). Other authorities suggest that there are six or seven species within Necturus (Collins 1990; Frost 2016; Powell et al. 2016). These more diverse schemes recognize each of the aforementioned five species while also elevating the Red River Waterdog (N. louisianensis) (Collins 1990; Frost 2016; Powell et al. 2016; Viosca 1938) and Löding’s Waterdog (N. lödingi or N. cf. beyeri) (Bart et al. 1997; Guyer 2005a; Viosca 1938). Allozyme work by Guttman et al. (1990) suggests that there is at least one cryptic species of Necturus in drainages east of the Mobile Basin and south of the Alabama River, and both Bart et al. (1997) and Guyer (2005a) advise that these populations should be referred to as N. cf. beyeri. However, until range wide studies incorporating genetic and other data are published, we will follow the five species taxonomy outlined by Crother (2012) while acknowledging that certain taxa, such as N. maculosus and N. beyeri, may require systematic revision.
Geologic features, particularly volcanic features, have been protected by the National Park Service since its inception. Some volcanic areas were nationally protected even before the National Park Service was established. The first national park, Yellowstone National Park, is one of the most widely known geothermal and volcanic areas in the world. It contains the largest volcanic complex in North America and has experienced three eruptions which rate among the largest eruptions known to have occurred on Earth. Half of the twelve areas established as national parks before the 1916 Organic Act which created the National Park Service are centered on volcanic features. The National Park Service now manages lands that contain nearly every conceivable volcanic resource, with at least seventy-six managed lands that contain volcanoes or volcanic rocks. Given that so many lands managed by the National Park Service contain volcanoes and volcanic rocks, we cannot give an overview of the history of each one; rather we highlight four notable examples of parks that were established on account of their volcanic landscapes. These parks all helped to encourage the creation and success of the National Park Service by inspiring the imagination of the public. In addition to preserving and providing access to the nation's volcanic heritage, volcanic national parks are magnificent places to study and understand volcanoes and volcanic landscapes in general. Scientists from around the world study volcanic hazards, volcanic history, and the inner working of the Earth within U.S. national parks. Volcanic landscapes and associated biomes that have been relatively unchanged by human and economic activities provide unique natural laboratories for understanding how volcanoes work, how we might predict eruptions and hazards, and how these volcanoes affect surrounding watersheds, flora, fauna, atmosphere, and populated areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"History of the Earth Sciences Society","doi":"10.17704/1944-6178-36.2.197","usgsCitation":"Walkup, L., Casadevall, T., and Santucci, V.L., 2017, Born of fire: In search of volcanoes in U.S. national parks, four striking examples: Earth Sciences History, v. 36, no. 2, p. 197-244, https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.2.197.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"244","ipdsId":"IP-084133","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"36","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walkup, Laura 0000-0002-1962-5364","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-5364","contributorId":205009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walkup","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas 0000-0002-9447-6864","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":216616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santucci, Vincent L.","contributorId":192886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santucci","given":"Vincent","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":765165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70237803,"text":"70237803 - 2017 - Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-24T16:44:55.425947","indexId":"70237803","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-31T11:39:37","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes","docAbstract":"Permafrost-related processes have direct and indirect consequences to northern environments, but the impacts are affected by complex interactions involving positive and negative feedbacks at the surface (Jorgenson et al. 2010), climatic trends and fluctuations (Romanovsky et al. 2010; Konishchev 2011), and terrain and ground ice conditions (French and Shur 2010, Ukraintseva et al. 2012; Murton 2013). The degradation (reduction of thickness and/or lateral extent) of permafrost and the related disturbance of the surface are associated with a diverse set of processes such as thermokarst (the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ice followed by subsidence of the ground surface and potential formation of a water body), thermal erosion (downwearing from moving water), thermal abrasion (backwearing from moving water), and thermal denudation associated with hillslope processes (downslope movement of soil or rock, such as frost creep, solifluction and cryogenic landslides including active-layer detachments and retrogressive thaw slumps). At the same time, the aggradation of permafrost and related processes (e.g., frost heave and formation of ice wedges and pingos) are still occurring during the observed climatic warming trend in the northern hemisphere. For example, the drainage of thermokarst lakes expose taliks (unfrozen ground beneath the water body) to the negative mean-annual ground surface temperatures in the continuous and discontinuous permafrost zone, which results in talik freezing accompanied by accumulation of ground ice. Both permafrost aggradation and degradation associated with thermokarst and other thaw-related features requires further observation and study to determine the pan-Arctic response of the landscape to climatic trends and fluctuations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Working Group of the Arctic Council","usgsCitation":"Leibman, M., Kizyakov, A., Grosse, G., Jones, B.M., Jorgenson, M., and Kanevskiy, M.Z., 2017, Permafrost-related processes and recent response to climatic changes, chap. of Snow, water, ice and permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) 2017, p. 81-87.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"87","ipdsId":"IP-065658","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":408654,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":408637,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/snow-water-ice-and-permafrost-in-the-arctic-swipa-2017/1610"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibman, Marina","contributorId":298480,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibman","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64590,"text":"The Earth Cryosphere Institute SB RAS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kizyakov, Alexandr","contributorId":298481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kizyakov","given":"Alexandr","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64591,"text":"Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":146182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12916,"text":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jorgenson, M. Torre","contributorId":267277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"M. 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Commissioned in 1943, historic operations at Whiting Field generated industrial wastes that contaminated soil and the water-table aquifer. The Environmental Protection Agency placed Whiting Field on the Superfund program’s National Priorities List of contaminated sites in 1994. The U.S. Geological Survey was tasked with studying the contaminant migration and remediation processes at this site. A numerical model is under development to better define groundwater flow patterns, discharge to surface water, and the potential fate of contaminants. An initial model discretized the water-table aquifer into 5 layers, with the top layer between land surface and elevation -50 feet National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29). However, with land surface ranging from 3.3 to 206.6 feet NGVD29, the top layer thickness is over 250 feet at highest land elevations. To more accurately simulate contaminant transport, refining the resolution in this top model layer is necessary.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fourth international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International Symposium on Bioremediation and Sustainable Environmental Technologies","conferenceDate":"May 22-25, 2017","conferenceLocation":"Miami, FL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., Campbell, B.G., and Landmeyer, J., 2017, Implications of refining vertical resolution of hydraulic conductivity in the numerical modeling of groundwater flow to surface water, NAS Whiting Field, Florida, in Fourth international symposium on bioremediation and sustainable environmental technologies, Miami, FL, May 22-25, 2017, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-079891","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":375024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Naval Air Station Whiting Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.06132888793944,\n 30.679553982390203\n ],\n [\n -86.99077606201172,\n 30.679553982390203\n ],\n [\n -86.99077606201172,\n 30.750392622606626\n ],\n [\n -87.06132888793944,\n 30.750392622606626\n ],\n [\n -87.06132888793944,\n 30.679553982390203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":789729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}