{"pageNumber":"3621","pageRowStart":"90500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184938,"records":[{"id":70187678,"text":"70187678 - 1997 - Land cover characterization and land surface parameterization research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:52:56","indexId":"70187678","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover characterization and land surface parameterization research","docAbstract":"<p><span>The understanding of land surface processes and their parameterization in atmospheric, hydrologic, and ecosystem models has been a dominant research theme over the past decade. For example, many studies have demonstrated the key role of land cover characteristics as controlling factors in determining land surface processes, such as the exchange of water, energy, carbon, and trace gases between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. The requirements for multiresolution land cover characteristics data to support coupled-systems modeling have also been well documented, including the need for data on land cover type, land use, and many seasonally variable land cover characteristics, such as albedo, leaf area index, canopy conductance, surface roughness, and net primary productivity. Recently, the developers of land data have worked more closely with the land surface process modelers in these efforts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0001:LCCALS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Steyaert, L.T., Loveland, T.R., and Parton, W.J., 1997, Land cover characterization and land surface parameterization research: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 1, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0001:LCCALS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341233,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bce4b044b359e486c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steyaert, Louis T.","contributorId":24689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyaert","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parton, William J.","contributorId":25885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185278,"text":"70185278 - 1997 - Transformations of TNT and related aminotoluenes in groundwater aquifer slurries under different electron-accepting conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-17T14:18:37","indexId":"70185278","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5323,"text":"Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transformations of TNT and related aminotoluenes in groundwater aquifer slurries under different electron-accepting conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The transport and fate of pollutants is often governed by both their tendency to sorb as well as their susceptibility to biodegradation. We have evaluated these parameters for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and several biodegradation products. Slurries of aquifer sediment and groundwater depleted TNT at rates of 27, 7.7 and 5.9 μM day</span><sup>−1</sup><span> under methanogenic, sulfate-reducing and nitrate-reducing conditions, respectively. Abiotic losses of TNT were determined in autoclaved controls. Abiotic TNT loss and subsequent transformation of the products was also observed. These transformations were especially important during the first step in the reduction of TNT. Subsequent abiotic reactions could account for all of the transformations observed in bottles which were initially nitrate-reducing. Other controls removed TNT reduction products at much slower rates than slurries containing live organisms. 2-Amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene was produced in all slurries but disappeared in methanogenic and in sulfate-reducing slurries within several weeks. This compound was converted to 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene in all slurries with subsequent removal of the latter from methanogenic and sulfate-reducing slurries, while it persisted in autoclaved controls and in the nitrate-reducing slurries. Aquifer slurries incubated with either 2,4- or 2,6-diaminotoluene showed losses of these compounds relative to autoclaved controls under nitrate-reducing conditions but not under sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions. These latter compounds are important as reduced intermediates in the biodegradation of dinitrotoluenes and as industrial chemicals. In experiments to examine sorption, exposure to landfill sediment resulted in losses of approximately 15% of diaminotoluene isomers and 25% of aminodinitrotoluene isomers from initial solution concentrations within 24 h. Isotherms confirmed that the diaminotoluenes were least strongly sorbed and the amino-dinitrotoluenes most strongly sorbed to this sediment, while TNT sorption capacity was intermediate. In our studies, 2,4,6-triaminotoluene sorption capacity was indeterminate due to its chemical instability. Coupled with biodegradation information, isotherms help describe the likelihood of contaminant removal, persistence, and movement at impacted sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Industrial Microbiology","doi":"10.1038/sj.jim.2900317","usgsCitation":"Krumholz, L., Li, J., Clarkson, W., Wilber, G., and Suflita, J., 1997, Transformations of TNT and related aminotoluenes in groundwater aquifer slurries under different electron-accepting conditions: Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology , v. 18, no. 2, p. 161-169, https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900317.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"161","endPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900317","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krumholz, L.R.","contributorId":188090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, J.","contributorId":189495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clarkson, W.W.","contributorId":189496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clarkson","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilber, G.G.","contributorId":189497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilber","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suflita, J.M.","contributorId":83303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suflita","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":4250,"text":"cir1138 - 1997 - Chain of custody; recommendations for acceptance and analysis of evidentiary geochemical samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:37","indexId":"cir1138","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1138","title":"Chain of custody; recommendations for acceptance and analysis of evidentiary geochemical samples","docAbstract":"Personnel from the Analytical Chemistry Services Group (ACSG), Mineral Resource Survey Program, formed a team to determine the policies for acceptance and analysis of geochemical samples. This team contacted law enforcement agencies that handle litigious samples, laboratories that work with samples of special nature, and the Solicitor General, Department of the Interior. Using the knowledge from these agencies as well as the expertise of ACSG personnel, sample control routine procedures, sample control evidentiary procedures, personnel policy governing chain-of-custody samples, and the general polices governing physical security of chain-of custody samples have been enacted.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/cir1138","usgsCitation":"Murphy, C.M., Briggs, P.H., Adrian, B.M., Wilson, S.A., Hageman, P., and Theodorakos, P.M., 1997, Chain of custody; recommendations for acceptance and analysis of evidentiary geochemical samples: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1138, iv, 26 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1138.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":80,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1997/c1138/c1138.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6ded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murphy, Christine M.","contributorId":16817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Paul H.","contributorId":30973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adrian, Betty M. badrian@usgs.gov","contributorId":258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adrian","given":"Betty","email":"badrian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5060,"text":"Data Preservation Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Steve A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":66246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hageman, Phil L. 0000-0002-3440-2150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-2150","contributorId":8458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hageman","given":"Phil L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Theodorakos, Pete M.","contributorId":104040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakos","given":"Pete","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70216671,"text":"70216671 - 1997 - Near to the edge of an ice sheet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T18:59:55.084633","indexId":"70216671","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-30T12:56:49","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Near to the edge of an ice sheet","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/385393a0","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., 1997, Near to the edge of an ice sheet: Nature, v. 385, p. 393-394, https://doi.org/10.1038/385393a0.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"394","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/385393a0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":380853,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"385","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180207,"text":"70180207 - 1997 - Antibody screening for the identification of nervous necrosis virus carriers in a flounder broodstock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T15:29:15","indexId":"70180207","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Antibody screening for the identification of nervous necrosis virus carriers in a flounder broodstock","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals","conferenceTitle":"NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals","conferenceDate":" January 21-24, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Mie, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"National research institute of aquaculture","usgsCitation":"Yoshimizu, M., Suzuki, K., Nishizawa, T., Winton, J., and Eruza, Y., 1997, Antibody screening for the identification of nervous necrosis virus carriers in a flounder broodstock, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals, Mie, Japan,  January 21-24, 1997, p. 124-130.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"124","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7a2e4b0ba3b075e0613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yoshimizu, M.","contributorId":49980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshimizu","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suzuki, K.","contributorId":178737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suzuki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nishizawa, T.","contributorId":53536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishizawa","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eruza, Y.","contributorId":178738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eruza","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70180206,"text":"70180206 - 1997 - The application of molecular methods for detection and control of fish rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T15:18:22","indexId":"70180206","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The application of molecular methods for detection and control of fish rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"<p>Abstract not available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals","conferenceTitle":"NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals","conferenceDate":" January 21-24, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Mie, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"National research institute of aquaculture","usgsCitation":"Winton, J., 1997, The application of molecular methods for detection and control of fish rhabdoviruses, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the NRIA international workshop on new approaches to viral diseases of aquatic animals, Mie, Japan,  January 21-24, 1997, p. 1-11.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5889c7a2e4b0ba3b075e0615","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winton, J. R. 0000-0002-3505-5509","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-5509","contributorId":82441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winton","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207862,"text":"70207862 - 1997 - Genesis of the marble-hosted zinc deposits and iron deposits at Sterling Hill and Franklin, NJ, and comparisons with gneiss-hosted iron deposits at Cornwall, NY","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T19:41:20","indexId":"70207862","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-15T19:39:26","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Genesis of the marble-hosted zinc deposits and iron deposits at Sterling Hill and Franklin, NJ, and comparisons with gneiss-hosted iron deposits at Cornwall, NY","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field guide and proceedings of the fourteenth annual meeting of the Geological Association of New Jersey, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Association of New 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Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25491,"text":"wri934173 - 1997 - Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Hydrology of a small carbonate site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, prior to implementation of nutrient management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T19:41:38.173174","indexId":"wri934173","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4173","title":"Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Hydrology of a small carbonate site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, prior to implementation of nutrient management","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, investigated the effects of agricultural best-management practices on water quality in the Conestoga River headwaters watershed. This report describes environmental factors and the surface-water and ground-water quality of one 47.5-acre field site, Field-Site 2, from October 1984 through September 1986, prior to implementation of nutrient management. </p><p>The site is partially terraced agricultural cropland underlain by carbonate rock. Twenty-seven acres are terraced, pipe-drained, and are under no-till cultivation. The remaining acreage is under minimum-till cultivation. Corn is the primary crop. The average annual rate of fertilization at the site was 480 pounds per acre of nitrogen and 110 pounds per acre of phosphorus. </p><p>An unconfined limestone and dolomitic aquifer underlies the site, Depth to bedrock ranges from 5 to 30 feet below land surface. Estimated specific yields range from 0.05 to 0.10, specific capacities of wells range from less than 1 to about 20 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown, and estimates of transmissivities range from 10 to 10,000 square feet per day. Average ground-water recharge was estimated to be about 23 inches per year. </p><p>The specific capacity and transmissivity data indicate that two aquifer regimes are present at the site. Wells drilled into dolomites in the eastern part of the site have larger specific capacities (averaging 20 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown) relative to specific capacities (averaging less than 1 gallon per minute per foot of drawdown) of wells drilled into limestones in the western part of the site. </p><p>Median concentrations of soil-soluble nitrate and soluble phosphorus in the top 4 feet of silt- or silty-clay-loam soil ranged from 177 to 329 and 8.5 to 35 pounds per acre, respectively. </p><p>Measured runoff from the pipe-drained terraces ranged from 10 to 48,000 cubic feet and was 1.7 and 0.8 percent, respectively, of the 1985 and 1986 annual precipitation. An estimated 90,700 cubic feet of surface runoff carried 87 pounds to total nitrogen and 37 pounds of total phosphorus, or less that 0.65 percent of the amount of either nutrient applied during the study period. Rainfall on the snow-covered, frozen ground produced more that half of the runoff and nitrogen and phosphorus loads measured in pipe-drained runoff. </p><p>Graphical and regression analyses of surface runoff suggest that (1) mean-storm concentrations of total nitrogen species and total phosphorus decreased with increasing time between a runoff event and the last previous nutrient application, and (2) mean total-phosphorus concentrations approached a baseline value (estimated at 2 to 5 milligrams per liter for total-phosphorus concentrations) after several months without nutrient applications. </p><p>Dissolved nitrate concentrations in ground water in wells unaffected by an on-site ammonia spill ranged from 7.4 to 100 milligrams per liter. </p><p>Average annual additions and removals of nitrogen were estimated. Nitrogen was added to the site by applications of manure and commercial fertilizer nitrogen, as well as by precipitation and ground water entering across the western site boundary. These sources of nitrogen accounted for 95, 3, 1, and 1 percent, respectively, of estimated additions. Nitrogen was removed from the site in harvested crops, by ground-water discharge, by volatilization, and in surface runoff, which accounted for 42, 28, 29, and less than 1 percent, respectively, of estimated removals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934173","usgsCitation":"Koerkle, E.H., Hall, D.W., Risser, D.W., Lietman, P., and Chichester, D., 1997, Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania: Hydrology of a small carbonate site near Ephrata, Pennsylvania, prior to implementation of nutrient management (Rev. May 1997): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4173, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934173.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431733,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47872.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54213,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4173/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4173/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Ephrata","otherGeospatial":"Conestoga River headwaters","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.1889,\n              40.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1889,\n              40.1958\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1778,\n              40.1958\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1778,\n              40.2\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1889,\n              40.2\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Rev. May 1997","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koerkle, E. H.","contributorId":29853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Risser, D. W.","contributorId":48211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lietman, P. L.","contributorId":63040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lietman","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chichester, D. C.","contributorId":61856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chichester","given":"D. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":61125,"text":"mf2312E - 1997 - Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":61125,"text":"mf2312E - 1997 - Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","indexId":"mf2312E","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":81310,"text":"sim2965 - 2008 - Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","indexId":"sim2965","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":81310,"text":"sim2965 - 2008 - Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","indexId":"sim2965","publicationYear":"2008","noYear":false,"title":"Revised Geologic Map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:49","indexId":"mf2312E","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2312","chapter":"E","title":"Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2312E","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., 1997, Geologic map of the Fort Garland Quadrangle, Costilla County, Colorado (Superseded by SIM 2965): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2312, 1 map ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 80 x 84 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2312E.","productDescription":"1 map ;58 x 46 cm., on sheet 80 x 84 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":105363,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5933.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5933"},{"id":186775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.5,37.3675 ], [ -105.5,37.5 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.5 ], [ -105.36749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -105.5,37.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Superseded by SIM 2965","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69868a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, A. R.","contributorId":59445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":265028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70217158,"text":"70217158 - 1997 - Combining digital spatial data with hydrologic measurements to interpret controls of stream chemistry in large watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T14:01:41.581874","indexId":"70217158","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-07T07:57:09","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Combining digital spatial data with hydrologic measurements to interpret controls of stream chemistry in large watersheds","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"BIOGEOMON '97 journal of conference abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Baevsky, Y.H., Lawrence, G.B., Wolock, D.M., Burns, D.A., and Murdoch, P.S., 1997, Combining digital spatial data with hydrologic measurements to interpret controls of stream chemistry in large watersheds, <i>in</i> BIOGEOMON '97 journal of conference abstracts, v. 2, no. 2.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Neversink watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.6905517578125,\n              41.80842868050027\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.62738037109375,\n              41.80842868050027\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.62738037109375,\n              41.88771017105127\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6905517578125,\n              41.88771017105127\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6905517578125,\n              41.80842868050027\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baevsky, Yvonne H. 0000-0002-9282-3543","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-3543","contributorId":29025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baevsky","given":"Yvonne","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":807769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1003777,"text":"1003777 - 1997 - Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T13:16:36","indexId":"1003777","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards","docAbstract":"<p>We monitored lead poisoning from the ingestion of spent lead pellets in sentinel mallards (Anas platyhrynchos) at the Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), Willows, California for 4 years (1986-89) after the conversion to steel shot for waterfowl hunting on refuges in 1986. Sentinel mallards were held in 1.6-ha enclosures in 1 hunted (P8) and 2 non-hunted (T19 and TF) wetlands. We compared site-specific rates of lead exposure, as determined by periodic measurement of blood lead concentrations, and lead poisoning mortality between wetlands with different lead pellet densities, between seasons, and between male and female sentinels. In 1986, the estimated 2-week rate of lead exposure was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.005) in P8 (43.8%), the wetland with the highest density of spent lead pellets (&gt;2,000,000 pellets/ha), than in those with lower densities of lead pellets, T19 (18.1%; 173,200 pellets/ha) and TF (0.9%; 15,750 pellets/ha). The probability of mortality from lead poisoning was also significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) in sentinel mallards enclosed in P8 (0.25) than T19 (0) and TF (0) in 1986 and remained significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) during the 4-year study. Both lead exposure and the probability of lead poisoning mortality in P8 were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) in the fall of 1986 (43.8%; 0.25), before hunting season, than in the spring of 1987 (21.6%; 0.04), after hunting season. We found no significant differences in the rates of lead exposure or lead poisoning mortality between male and female sentinel mallards. The results of this study demonstrate that in some locations, lead exposure and lead poisoning in waterfowl will continue to occur despite the conversion to steel shot for waterfowl hunting.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802432","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T., Brand, C.J., and Mensik, J.G., 1997, Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel mallards: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 228-234, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802432.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Sacramento","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.19371795654297,\n              39.452365839394055\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13397979736327,\n              39.4528960328567\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.13466644287108,\n              39.36695204842929\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1525192260742,\n              39.36827914916014\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.15320587158202,\n              39.361112505605156\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17586517333984,\n              39.36190883564925\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              39.36934081158634\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19303131103516,\n              39.36854456627989\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19371795654297,\n              39.452365839394055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":88680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brand, C. J.","contributorId":8788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brand","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mensik, John G.","contributorId":90253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensik","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207861,"text":"70207861 - 1997 - Movement and diffusion of pore fluids in Owens Lake sediments from core OL-92 as shown by salinity and deuterium-hydrogen ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-15T19:37:37","indexId":"70207861","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T19:34:06","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement and diffusion of pore fluids in Owens Lake sediments from core OL-92 as shown by salinity and deuterium-hydrogen ratios","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.49","usgsCitation":"Friedman, I., Bischoff, J.L., Johnson, C.A., Tyler, S.W., and Fitts, J.P., 1997, Movement and diffusion of pore fluids in Owens Lake sediments from core OL-92 as shown by salinity and deuterium-hydrogen ratios: GSA Special Papers, v. 317, p. 49-66, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.49.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371290,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.20578002929688,\n              37.35924242260126\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20578002929688,\n              37.97343243999255\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.35159301757811,\n              37.97343243999255\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.35159301757811,\n              37.35924242260126\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.20578002929688,\n              37.35924242260126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Irving","contributorId":90664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Irving","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyler, Scott W.","contributorId":188141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tyler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fitts, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":73348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitts","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70206433,"text":"70206433 - 1997 - Relation of the lower Pennsylvanian unconformity to a mid-carboniferous eustatic event in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T16:08:26.858009","indexId":"70206433","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T17:02:35","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3108,"text":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of the lower Pennsylvanian unconformity to a mid-carboniferous eustatic event in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two contrasting concepts specifying the age and duration of the hiatus resulting from a mid-Carboniferous eustatic event in the eastern United States are based on different evidence. The original model indicated that the hiatus is at an unconformity in cratonic areas that was assumed to coincide with the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary at the contact between the Mississippian Bluestone Formation and the Pennsylvanian Pocahontas Formation in the Appalachian foreland basin. This concept was adhered to exclusively until 1969 and continues to reappear in reports dealing with global correlations and division of the Carboniferous into the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Systems. This division is at a major eustatic event that supposedly occurred at about 330 Ma in scattered parts of the world, including the Appalachian basin. An alternative concept, fully supported by geologic mapping and biostratigraphic studies, indicates that the unconformity and associated hiatus are much younger because they originate in the Appalachian foreland basin in the lower part (upper Namurian) of the Lower Pennsylvanian New River Formation, about 260 m above the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary. The duration of this hiatus increases in a northwesterly direction onto the cratonic shelf because the unconformity progressively truncated the underlying Lower Pennsylvanian and Upper Mississippian successions. The westward onlap of Pennsylvanian strata onto the eroded surface resulted in a hiatus from the Early Mississippian (Tournaisian) to the Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian B). The systemic boundary, which is in a depositional continuous sequence of strata in the Appalachian foreland basin, was correlated biostratigraphically by Pfefferkorn and Gillespie in 1982 with Gothan's \"Florensprung\" (floral break) described in 1913 at the Namurian A-B boundary in the Upper Silesian basin. An intra-Namurian erosive event was noted also in the Upper Silesian basin by Havlena, who reported in 1982 that an intra-Namurian erosive contact occurs well above the Florensprung. The origin of the Florensprung in depositional continuous strata has been attributed to tectonism, environment, or climate. However, spherules found in depositional continuous strata near the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in the Appalachian basin indicate that the effect of an asteroid impact may be the underlying cause for the biodiversity noted at the systemic boundary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Englund, K.J., and Thomas, R.E., 1997, Relation of the lower Pennsylvanian unconformity to a mid-carboniferous eustatic event in the eastern United States: Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, no. 157 Part 3, p. 170-172.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"172","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania, 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J.","contributorId":96684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Englund","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, R. E.","contributorId":104489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006500,"text":"70006500 - 1997 - Detecting contaminant-induced apoptosis and necrosis in lake trout thymocytes via flow cytometry.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T16:34:50","indexId":"70006500","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:33:55","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Detecting contaminant-induced apoptosis and necrosis in lake trout thymocytes via flow cytometry.","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter details the cytofluorometric techniques employed to assess levels of active (apoptosis) and passive (necrotic) cell death in untreated and contaminant-treated fish thymocytes. The thymus is believed to be a central component of hematopoiesis and immune function in teleosts (Abelli et al., 1996).  Hence, chemically-elicited adverse effects to the thymus may result in immunomodulation and organ dysfunction.  However, it is not well documented that environmental contaminants induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death.  There is some evidence suggesting that low level exposure to waterborne contaminants can specifically induce cell death in the olfactory epithelium of rainbow trout (Julliard et al., 1996).  Presently, only limited information is available in the literature regarding apoptotic death in piscine immune cells (Alford et al., 1994; Greenlee et al., 1991).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques in Fish Immunology-3","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"SOS Publications","publisherLocation":"Fair Haven, NJ","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Sweet, L.I., Passino-Reader, D.R., Meier, P.G., and Omann, G.M., 1997, Detecting contaminant-induced apoptosis and necrosis in lake trout thymocytes via flow cytometry., chap. <i>of</i> Techniques in Fish Immunology-3, p. 203-208.","productDescription":"p. 203-208","startPage":"203","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"2nd","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae767fe4b0abf75cf2bf6f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stolen, J.S.","contributorId":113802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolen","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508344,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, T.C.","contributorId":95392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508341,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowley, A.F.","contributorId":113657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508343,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zelikoff, J.T.","contributorId":111536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelikoff","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508342,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaattari, S.L.","contributorId":52116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaattari","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508339,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, S.A.","contributorId":72930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508340,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Sweet, Leonard I.","contributorId":107227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweet","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passino-Reader, Dora R.","contributorId":50839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passino-Reader","given":"Dora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meier, Peter G.","contributorId":90257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Omann, Geneva M.","contributorId":64595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omann","given":"Geneva","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70201915,"text":"70201915 - 1997 - Distribution and mobility of molybdenum in the terrestrial environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T15:43:00","indexId":"70201915","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:22:08","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"Distribution and mobility of molybdenum in the terrestrial environment","docAbstract":"<p>Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for many plants and animals (Newton and Otsuka, 1980). Because of its chemical properties, Mo readily provides sites for reactions and catalysis in biochemical systems (Haight and Boston, 1973). It is therefore important to understand the processes that control the distribution, speciation, and behavior of Mo in the surficial environment. These processes will affect the bioavalability of Mo and ultimately its passage into the food chain.</p><p>In this chapter we discuss the distribution of Mo in the terrestrial environment and examine the factors that control its mobility.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molybdenum in agriculture","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/CBO9780511574689.004","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.S., Balistrieri, L.S., Smith, S.M., and Severson, R.C., 1997, Distribution and mobility of molybdenum in the terrestrial environment, chap. 3 <i>of</i> Molybdenum in agriculture, p. 23-46, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511574689.004.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gupta, Umesh C.","contributorId":212359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gupta","given":"Umesh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kathleen S. 0000-0001-8547-9804 ksmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kathleen","email":"ksmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Steven M. 0000-0003-3591-5377 smsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3591-5377","contributorId":1460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Steven","email":"smsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Severson, Ronald C.","contributorId":104885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70100323,"text":"70100323 - 1997 - New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:10:27.075582","indexId":"70100323","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:11:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3409,"text":"Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"New K-Ar and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","title":"New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twenty-one new K-Ar and 10 new&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar ages are reported for igneous and hydrothermal minerals from intrusive rocks of the Wasatch igneous belt in the central Wasatch Mountains. Interpretation of our new data combined with previously published K-Ar ages and with new&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar and U-Pb ages reported by Vogel et al. (1997) suggests that the Clayton Peak stock was emplaced at about 36 to 35 Ma, the Alta stock at about 35 to 33 Ma, and the Little Cottonwood stock at about 31 to 30 Ma. Biotite K-Ar ages progressively increase from west to east in the Little Cottonwood stock, which is consistent with more rapid cooling of the eastern part of the stock and with other evidence suggesting about 15 degrees of eastward tilting of the central Wasatch Mountains following emplacement of the Wasatch igneous belt. Most porphyry stocks in the Park City mining district were emplaced at about 41 to 40 Ma; the Ontario stock was emplaced at about 36 Ma. Vein deposits in the Park City mining district formed at about 36 to 33 Ma. The Park Premier stock was emplaced in several pulses between about 35 to 32 Ma. Alteration related to porphyry copper mineralization in the Park Premier stock formed at 33.5 Ma and advanced argillic alteration and gold mineralization formed at 31.4 Ma. Molybdenum mineralization in the eastern part of the Little Cottonwood stock formed between 26 to 23.5 Ma.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.29.04","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., Turrin, B.D., and Miller, R.J., 1997, New K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar ages of plutonism, hydrothermal alteration, and mineralization in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series, v. 29, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.29.04.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":285161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.2083,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,39.3641 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535594bae4b0120853e8c0a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006621,"text":"70006621 - 1997 - Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epornitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from the upper midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T06:24:16","indexId":"70006621","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T16:05:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epornitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from the upper midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease (NVND) occurred in juvenile double-crested cormorants,&nbsp;<i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i>, simultaneously in nesting colonies in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska and in Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Ontario during the summer of 1992. Mortality as high as 80%-90% was estimated in some of the nesting colonies. Clinical signs observed in 4- to -6 wk-old cormorants included torticollis, tremors, ataxia, curled toes, and paresis or weakness of legs, wings or both, which was sometimes unilateral. No significant mortality or unusual clinical signs were seen in adult cormorants. Necropsy of 88 cormorants yielded no consistent gross observations. Microscopic lesions in the brain and spinal cord were consistently present in all cormorants from which Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated. Characteristic brain lesions provided rapid identification of new suspect sites of NVND. Lesions were also present in the heart, kidney, proventriculus, spleen, and pancreas but were less consistent or nonspecific. NDV was isolated at the National Wildlife Health Center from 27 of 93 cormorants tested. Virus was most frequently isolated from intestine or brain tissue of cormorants submitted within the first 4wk of the epornitic. Sera collected from cormorants with neurologic signs were consistently positive for NDV antibody.The NDV isolate from cormorants was characterized as NVND virus at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories Ames, Iowa. The NVND virus was also identified as the cause of neurologic disease in a North Dakota turkey flock during the summer of 1992. Although no virus was isolated from cormorants tested after the first month of submissions, brain and spinal cord lesions characteristic of NVND were observed in cormorants from affected sites for 2 mo, at which time nesting colonies dispersed and no more submissions were received. Risk to susceptible populations of both wild avian species and domestic poultry makes early recognition and confirmation of NVND in wild birds a priority.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","publisherLocation":"Jacksonville, FL","doi":"10.2307/1592457","usgsCitation":"Meteyer, C.U., Docherty, D., Glaser, L.C., Franson, J.C., Senne, D.A., and Duncan, R., 1997, Diagnostic findings in the 1992 epornitic of neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from the upper midwestern United States: Avian Diseases, v. 41, no. 1, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.2307/1592457.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health 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]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50da2b9ee4b07a5aecdf1d14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meteyer, Carol U. 0000-0002-4007-3410 cmeteyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4007-3410","contributorId":111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meteyer","given":"Carol","email":"cmeteyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":354873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glaser, Linda C.","contributorId":14703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glaser","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franson, J. C. 0000-0002-0251-4238","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":99071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Senne, Dennis A.","contributorId":72646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senne","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Duncan, Ruth","contributorId":54477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Ruth","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220363,"text":"70220363 - 1997 - Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T19:49:58.517501","indexId":"70220363","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:49:31","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8585,"text":"Information Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey are evaluating the potential for undiscovered sulfide deposits containing varying amounts of nickel, copper, platinum-group metals, and cobalt in the Lake Superior region as part of an ongoing effort to assess the mineral potential of the United States. Similarities between rocks of the Midcontinent rift and rocks that host the Voisey Bay nickel-copper-cobalt deposit in Labrador, Canada, and the Noril'sk nickel-copper-platinum-group-metals deposits in Russia suggest a high potential for such sulfide deposits in rocks associated with the 1.1-billion-year-old Midcontinent rift in the Lake Superior region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70220363","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., and Cannon, W.F., 1997, Potential for new nickel-copper sulfide deposits in the Lake Superior region: Information Handout, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70220363.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":385504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385503,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/info/mwni_cu/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207820,"text":"70207820 - 1997 - Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T15:52:54","indexId":"70207820","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:46:58","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe ","docAbstract":"<p>Since the first studies of sulfur isotope variations in natural materials (Thode, 1949), it has been apparent that there are large and dramatic variations of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup>S/<sup>32</sup>S ratios and that sulfur isotope studies are a powerful tool for interpreting the origins of sulfur-bearing minerals. However, sulfur is such a common element in the Earth's crust (sixteenth most abundant, averaging 0.03 wt %; Mason, 1966), and is involved in so many igneous, hydrothermal, biological, and surficial processes that a simple measurement of δ<sup>34</sup>S, without constraining geological, biological, and geochemical data, is often unenlightening. In many sedimentary and hydrothermal systems, geologists are confronted with multiple sulfur sources, large fractionations of sulfur isotopes during oxidation-reduction reactions that sometimes produce disequilibrium effects, and strong chemical and physical gradients at the site of mineral deposition. Despite significant advances in the understanding and utilization of sulfur isotopes to characterize ore-forming processes (Ohmoto, 1972; Ohmoto and Rye, 1979; Shanks et al., 1981; Janecky and Shanks, 1988), interpretations may be ambiguous and, in ancient ore deposits, difficult to test. Part of this difficulty has been due to an inability to resolve fine-scale spatial variations in isotopic fractionation between successive zones or between coexisting minerals.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications of microanalytical techniques to understanding mineralizing processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists ","usgsCitation":"Shanks, W.P., Crowe, D., and Johnson, C.A., 1997, Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe , chap. <i>of</i> Applications of microanalytical techniques to understanding mineralizing processes, v. 7, p. 141-153.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"153","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":371234,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/1220/chapter/107020760/Sulfur-Isotope-Analyses-Using-the-Laser-Microprobe"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanks, W.C. Pat III pshanks@usgs.gov","contributorId":1222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"W.C.","suffix":"III","email":"pshanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Pat","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":779436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crowe, D.E.","contributorId":43600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowe","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70073399,"text":"70073399 - 1997 - Multiresolution convariation among landsat and AVHRR vegetation indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T15:50:27","indexId":"70073399","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:46:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Multiresolution convariation among landsat and AVHRR vegetation indices","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scale in remote sensing and GIS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","isbn":"156670104X","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., 1997, Multiresolution convariation among landsat and AVHRR vegetation indices, chap. <i>of</i> Scale in remote sensing and GIS, p. 73-91.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd686ae4b0b29085102073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Cola, Lee","contributorId":59821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cola","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006477,"text":"70006477 - 1997 - Habitat use and movements of shovelnose sturgeon in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River during extreme low flow conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T15:43:33","indexId":"70006477","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:38:40","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use and movements of shovelnose sturgeon in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River during extreme low flow conditions","docAbstract":"We monitored habitat use and movement of 27 adult shovelnose sturgeon in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River, Iowa-Illinois, by radio-telemetry in April through August 1988. Our objective was to determine the response of this species to unusually low water conditions in the upper Mississippi River in 1988. Most (94%) telemetry contacts were made in 3 habitat types: main channel (50%), main channel border where wing dams were present (29%), and tailwaters of Lock and Dam 12 (15%). Habitat use in spring was affected by the extreme low flows. We often found tagged shovelnose sturgeon in the main channel and tailwaters during the spring period (11 March–20 May) where water velocities were highest. This was in contrast to other studies where shovelnose sturgeon did not occupy those areas during years with normal spring flows. Shovelnose sturgeon were typically found in areas with a sand bottom, mean water depth of 5.8 m, and mean bottom current velocity of 0.23 m sec<sup>-1</sup>. They occupied areas of swifter current but were not always found in the fastest current in their immediate vicinity. Tagged shovelnose sturgeon tended to remain in the upper, more riverine portion of the pool, and we observed no emigration from the study pool. Linear total range of movement from the tagging site ranged from 1.9 to 54.6 km during the study period.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1007319909219","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.L., Ramsey, J.S., and Scarnecchia, D.L., 1997, Habitat use and movements of shovelnose sturgeon in Pool 13 of the upper Mississippi River during extreme low flow conditions: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 50, no. 2, p. 175-182, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007319909219.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288596,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007319909219"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois;Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.527344,42.000325 ], [ -90.527344,42.366662 ], [ -90.032959,42.366662 ], [ -90.032959,42.000325 ], [ -90.527344,42.000325 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7733e4b0abf75cf2c0a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, John S.","contributorId":60538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scarnecchia, Dennis L.","contributorId":21860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarnecchia","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70072044,"text":"70072044 - 1997 - Physical/chemical processes affecting the subsurface fate and transport of synthetic organic materials","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T15:45:37","indexId":"70072044","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:38:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physical/chemical processes affecting the subsurface fate and transport of synthetic organic materials","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Subsurface Restoration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ann Arbor Press","isbn":"1575040603","usgsCitation":"Ball, W., Curtis, G., and Roberts, P., 1997, Physical/chemical processes affecting the subsurface fate and transport of synthetic organic materials, chap. <i>of</i> Subsurface Restoration, p. 27-58.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6b83e4b0b29085103f39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, W.P.","contributorId":10714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"W.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Curtis, G.P.","contributorId":65619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, P.V.","contributorId":79016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100314,"text":"70100314 - 1997 - Geologic setting and characteristic of mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-12T17:06:01.02468","indexId":"70100314","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:36:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3409,"text":"Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting and characteristic of mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Base- and precious-metal deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains southeast of Salt Lake City were mined for more than 100 years beginning in 1868. Deposits present in the Park City, Little Cottonwood, and Big Cottonwood mining districts include Ag-Pb-Zn ± Cu ± Au replacements and veins, a low-grade porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Cu-bearing skarns, a quartz monzonite-type (low F) porphyry Mo deposit, and high sulfidation (quartz-alunite) Au deposits. Most production came from polymetallic replacement and vein deposits in the Park City mining district, which has a recorded production of more than 1.4 million oz Au, 253 million oz Ag, 2.7 billion lbs Pb, 1.5 billion lbs Zn, and 129 million lbs Cu from 1872 to 1978. Production in the Little and Big Cottonwood districts, mostly from Pb-Ag replacement deposits, was much smaller.</p><p>Most mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains are genetically related to the Wasatch igneous belt, a series of high-K calc-alkaline stocks and cogenetic volcanic rocks that formed about 41(?) to 30 Ma. The mineral deposits mostly formed near the end of magmatic activity between about 36 to 31.4 Ma. A subeconomic porphyry Mo deposit in the Little Cottonwood stock is notably younger having formed about 26 to 23.5 Ma. The intrusive rocks were emplaced mostly along the westward extension of the west-trending Uinta arch during a period of NW-SE-directed extension, and much of the mineralization in the Park City district was controlled by ENE-striking normal faults. About 15 degrees of eastward tilting of the central Wasatch Mountains during Late Cenozoic Basin and Range extension has resulted in progressively deeper levels of exposure from &lt;1 km on the east to about 11 km on the west and in profound variations in the types of mineral deposits exposed in different parts of the range. Most deposits formed at paleodepths ≤5 km, and the most productive deposits in the Park City district formed at depths of 1 to 2 km. The porphyry Mo deposit in the Little Cottonwood stock formed at greater depths of about 6 km.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.29.02","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., 1997, Geologic setting and characteristic of mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series, v. 29, p. 11-33, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.29.02.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285159,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.2083,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,39.3641 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355946de4b0120853e8bfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70100313,"text":"70100313 - 1997 - Day one road log: Mid-Tertiary igneous rocks and mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-15T13:23:02.210432","indexId":"70100313","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:23:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3409,"text":"Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Day one road log: Mid-Tertiary igneous rocks and mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Today's field trip examines late Eocene and Oligocene granitoid intrusions, cogenetic volcanic rocks (Keetley Volcanics), and associated hydrothermally altered and mineralized rocks in the central Wasatch Mountains. Because of late Cenozoic tilting related to Basin and Range extension, a continuum of mid-Tertiary paleodepths is exposed that ranges from about 11 km on the west side of the Little Cottonwood stock to the actual paleosurface on the east side of the range (Fig. 1; John, 1989a). Consequently, we will see a wide variety of textures and styles of emplacement in the intrusive rocks, and a correspondingly wide variety of hydrothermal alteration types and mineral deposits (Lawton et al., 1980; John, 1989a).</p><p>Mid-Tertiary igneous rocks in the central Wasatch Mountains consist of three phaneritic stocks exposed in the western and central parts of the range (Little Cottonwood, Alta, and Clayton Peak stocks); six porphyry to fine-grained phaneritic stocks exposed in the middle and eastern parts of the range, primarily in the Park City mining district (Flagstaff, Glencoe, Mayflower, Ontario, Pine Creek, and Valeo stocks); a subvolcanic porphyry complex (Park Premier stock) exposed near the Park Premier mine which is now partly covered by water filling the Jordanelle Reservoir; and coeval volcanic rocks (Keetley Volcanics), subvolcanic intrusions, and a volcanic neck (Indian Hollow plug) are exposed on the east side of the range (Figs. 2 and 3). The intrusive rocks range from coarse-grained, coarsely porphyritic on the west to fine-grained, porphyroaphanitic on the east (John, 1989a). They form a high-K, calc-alkaline series (Vogel</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.29.05","usgsCitation":"John, D.A., 1997, Day one road log: Mid-Tertiary igneous rocks and mineral deposits in the central Wasatch Mountains, Utah: Society of Economic Geologists guidebook series, v. 29, p. 59-67, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.29.05.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":285158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Wasatch Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.2083,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,41.5524 ], [ -111.1022,39.3641 ], [ -112.2083,39.3641 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53559001e4b0120853e8bead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221811,"text":"70221811 - 1997 - Deep regional resistivity structure across the Carlin Trend","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T20:17:49.671929","indexId":"70221811","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T15:11:46","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Deep regional resistivity structure across the Carlin Trend","docAbstract":"<p><span>The genesis of gold deposits along the Carlin trend is not fully understood. Many of the significant mineral deposits in the Carlin trend were formed during the Tertiary as a result of interrelated high-angle basin-and-range faulting, intrusive igneous activity, and hydrothermal processes (Radtke, 1985). According to Shawe (1991), the linearity of the gold deposits along the Carlin trend and the sub-parallel Battle Mountain-Eureka trend suggests that deep-penetrating regional structures controlled the emplacement of magmas generated in the lower part of the crust or upper mantle, and either provided hydrothermal fluids or caused heating of ground waters that were responsible for transport and deposition of the gold ores. To investigate crustal processes that may have contributed to the genesis of gold deposits along the trend, a regional southwest to northeast profile of magnetotelluric (MT) soundings was acquired in 1996 (line MT-MT′, Fig. 1). Two-dimensional resistivity modeling of the MT profile is being used to place constraints on possible heat or magma sources and possible tectonic controls on the linear distribution of mineral deposits.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Carlin-type gold deposits field conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/GB.28","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, B.D., 1997, Deep regional resistivity structure across the Carlin Trend, chap. <i>of</i> Carlin-type gold deposits field conference, v. 28, p. 39-45, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.28.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Vikre, Peter 0000-0001-7895-5972","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-5972","contributorId":203922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vikre","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Tommy B.","contributorId":38014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Tommy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818826,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettles, K. H.","contributorId":49556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettles","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818827,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christensen, Odin","contributorId":260806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Odin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818828,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parratt, Ron","contributorId":260807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parratt","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818829,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}