{"pageNumber":"363","pageRowStart":"9050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16446,"records":[{"id":70022412,"text":"70022412 - 2000 - Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:46:44","indexId":"70022412","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p>The stratified (meromictic) water column of alkaline and hypersaline Mono Lake, California, contains high concentrations of dissolved inorganic arsenic (~200 ??mol/L). Arsenic speciation changes from arsenate [As (V)] to arsenite [As (III)] with the transition from oxic surface waters (misolimnion) to anoxic bottom waters (monimolimnion). A radioassay was devised to measure the reduction of 73As (V) to 73As (III) and tested using cell suspensions of the As (V)-respiring Bacillus selenitireducens, which completely reduced the 73As (V). In field experiments, no significant activity was noted in the aerobic mixolimnion waters, but reduction of 73As (V) to 73As (III) was observed in all the monimolimnion samples. Rate constants ranged from 0.02 to 0.3/day, with the highest values in the samples from the deepest depths (24 and 28 m). The highest activities occurred between 18 and 21 m, where As (V) abundant (rate, ~5.9 ??mol/L per day). In contrast, sulfate reduction occurred at depths below 21 m, with the highest rates attained at 28 m (rate, ~2.3 ??mol/L per day). These results indicate that As (V) ranks second in importance, after sulfate, as an electron acceptor for anaerobic bacterial respiration in the water column. Annual arsenate respiration may mineralize as much as 14.2% of the pelagic photosynthetic carbon fixed during meromixis. When combined with sulfate-reduction data, anaerobic respiration in the water column can mineralize 32-55% of this primary production. As lakes of this type approach salt saturation, As (V) can become the most important electron acceptor for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Dowdle, P., Hoeft, S., Sharp, J., Schaefer, J., Miller, L., Switzer, B.J., Smith, R.L., Bloom, N., and Wallschlaeger, D., 2000, Bacterial dissimilatory reduction of arsenate and sulfate in meromictic Mono Lake, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 18, p. 3073-3084, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3073","endPage":"3084","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479279,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00422-1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206774,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00422-1"},{"id":230755,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","volume":"64","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef9ee4b0c8380cd4a35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowdle, P.R.","contributorId":77678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdle","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoeft, S.","contributorId":39542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, J.O.","contributorId":56409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaefer, J.K.","contributorId":17256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Switzer, Blum J.","contributorId":33076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Switzer","given":"Blum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":393539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bloom, N.S.","contributorId":59906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bloom","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wallschlaeger, D.","contributorId":95646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallschlaeger","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70022376,"text":"70022376 - 2000 - Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:01:48","indexId":"70022376","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":862,"text":"Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)","docAbstract":"<p>1. The Sacramento San Joaquin River Delta, a complex mosaic of tidal freshwater habitats in California, is the focus of a major ecosystem rehabilitation effort because of significant long-term changes in critical ecosystem functions. One of these functions is the production, transport and transformation of organic matter that constitutes the primary food supply, which may be sub-optimal at trophic levels supporting fish recruitment. A long historical data set is used to define the most important organic matter sources, the factors underlying their variability, and the implications of ecosystem rehabilitation actions for these sources. 2. Tributary-borne loading is the largest organic carbon source on an average annual Delta-wide basis; phytoplankton production and agricultural drainage are secondary; wastewater treatment plant discharge, tidal marsh drainage and possibly aquatic macrophyte production are tertiary; and benthic microalgal production, urban run-off and other sources are negligible. 3. Allochthonous dissolved organic carbon must be converted to particulate form - with losses due to hydraulic flushing and to heterotroph growth inefficiency - before it becomes available to the metazoan food web. When these losses are accounted for, phytoplankton production plays a much larger role than is evident from a simple accounting of bulk organic carbon sources, especially in seasons critical for larval development and recruitment success. Phytoplankton-derived organic matter is also an important component of particulate loading to the Delta. 4. The Delta is a net producer of organic matter in critically dry years but, because of water diversion from the Delta, transport of organic matter from the Delta to important, downstream nursery areas in San Francisco Bay is always less than transport into the Delta from upstream sources. 5. Of proposed rehabilitation measures, increased use of floodplains probably offers the biggest increase in organic matter sources. 6. An isolated diversion facility - channelling water from the Sacramento River around the Delta to the water projects - would result in substantial loading increases during winter and autumn, but little change in spring and summer when food availability probably matters most to developing organisms. 7. Flow and fish barriers in the channel could have significant effects, especially on phytoplankton sources and in dry years, by eliminating 'short-circuits' in the transport of organic matter to diversion points. 8. Finally, productivity of intentionally flooded islands probably would exceed that of adjacent channels because of lower turbidity and shallower mean depth, although vascular plants rather than phytoplankton could dominate if depths were too shallow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J","issn":"10527613","usgsCitation":"Jassby, A., and Cloern, J.E., 2000, Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA): Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, v. 10, no. 5, p. 323-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0755(200009/10)10:5<323::AID-AQC417>3.0.CO;2-J.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"352","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              39.40224434029275\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              36.56260003738545\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fcae4b0c8380cd75c90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jassby, A.D.","contributorId":43798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"A.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022366,"text":"70022366 - 2000 - Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in fractured rocks: Results of numerical modeling and physical experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T11:19:43","indexId":"70022366","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in fractured rocks: Results of numerical modeling and physical experiments","docAbstract":"The suitability of common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments. The results of one- and two-dimensional numerical modeling at 100 megahertz indicate that GPR reflection amplitudes are relatively insensitive to fracture apertures ranging from 1 to 4 mm. The numerical modeling and physical experiments indicate that differences in the fluids that fill fractures significantly affect the amplitude and the polarity of electromagnetic waves reflected by subhorizontal fractures. Air-filled and hydrocarbon-filled fractures generate low-amplitude reflections that are in-phase with the transmitted pulse. Water-filled fractures create reflections with greater amplitude and opposite polarity than those reflections created by air-filled or hydrocarbon-filled fractures. The results from the numerical modeling and physical experiments demonstrate it is possible to distinguish water-filled fracture reflections from air- or hydrocarbon-filled fracture reflections, nevertheless subsurface heterogeneity, antenna coupling changes, and other sources of noise will likely make it difficult to observe these changes in GPR field data. This indicates that the routine application of common-offset GPR reflection methods for detection of hydrocarbon-filled fractures will be problematic. Ideal cases will require appropriately processed, high-quality GPR data, ground-truth information, and detailed knowledge of subsurface physical properties. Conversely, the sensitivity of GPR methods to changes in subsurface physical properties as demonstrated by the numerical and experimental results suggests the potential of using GPR methods as a monitoring tool. GPR methods may be suited for monitoring pumping and tracer tests, changes in site hydrologic conditions, and remediation activities.The suitability of common-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in bedrock fractures was evaluated using numerical modeling and physical experiments. The results of one- and two-dimensional numerical modeling at 100 megahertz indicate that GPR reflection amplitudes are relatively insensitive to fracture apertures ranging from 1 to 4 mm. The numerical modeling and physical experiments indicate that differences in the fluids that fill fractures significantly affect the amplitude and the polarity of electromagnetic waves reflected by subhorizontal fractures. Air-filled and hydrocarbon-filled fractures generate low-amplitude reflections that are in-phase with the transmitted pulse. Water-filled fractures create reflections with greater amplitude and opposite polarity than those reflections created by air-filled or hydrocarbon-filled fractures. The results from the numerical modeling and physical experiments demonstrate it is possible to distinguish water-filled fracture reflections from air- or hydrocarbon-filled fracture reflections, nevertheless subsurface heterogeneity, antenna coupling changes, and other sources of noise will likely make it difficult to observe these changes in GPR field data. This indicates that the routine application of common-offset GPR reflection methods for detection of hydrocarbon-filled fractures will be problematic. Ideal cases will require appropriately processed, high-quality GPR data, ground-truth information, and detailed knowledge of subsurface physical properties. Conversely, the sensitivity of GPR methods to changes in subsurface physical properties as demonstrated by the numerical and experimental results suggests the potential of using GPR methods as a monitoring tool. GPR methods may be suited for monitoring pumping and tracer tests, changes in site hydrologic conditions, and remediation activities.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00693.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lane, J., Buursink, M., Haeni, F., and Versteeg, R., 2000, Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar to detect free-phase hydrocarbons in fractured rocks: Results of numerical modeling and physical experiments: Ground Water, v. 38, no. 6, p. 929-938, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00693.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"929","endPage":"938","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c80e4b0c8380cd52b94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, J.W. Jr.","contributorId":66723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"J.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buursink, M. L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":73658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Versteeg, R.J.","contributorId":74159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Versteeg","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022285,"text":"70022285 - 2000 - Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:53:36","indexId":"70022285","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Benthic oxygen uptake and nutrient releases of N, P and Si were measured weekly at 2 sites in South San Francisco Bay around the 1996 spring bloom. Exchanges across the sediment-water interface were estimated from whole core incubations performed in the laboratory at&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;temperature and in dark. Fluxes changed significantly on a weekly time scale. Over a period of 15 wk the fluxes of dissolved inorganic N, P and Si ranged from -40 to +200, 0 to 13 and from 30 to 400 µmol m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;h</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;respectively. Sediment oxygen demand increased from 10 before to 64 mg O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>-2</sup><span>&nbsp;h</span><sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;just after the bloom period. During the bloom, nutrient fluxes represented about 20, 16 and 9% of the Si, P and N requirements for primary production. Before and after the bloom period, Si fluxes contributed up to 30 and &gt;100% of this requirement and P and N fluxes up to 15 and 50% respectively. Simple empirical models explain most of the spatial-temporal variability of benthic fluxes of Si, P and NH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(but not NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) from 3 predictor variables: sediment porosity, nutrient concentration in bottom waters and chlorophyll content of surficial sediments. These models show that algal blooms influence benthic-pelagic nutrient exchange through 2 processes: (1) depletion of nutrients from the water column (which enhances gradient-driven transports across the sediment-water interface) and (2) sedimentation of labile phytodetritus (which promotes remineralization in or on the surficial sediments). Rates and patterns of nutrient cycling were very different at the shallow and deep study sites, illustrating the challenge of extrapolating measurements of coupled algae-nutrient dynamics to whole ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps197067","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Grenz, C., Cloern, J., Hager, S., and Cole, B., 2000, Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 197, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0435e4b0c8380cd5085b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenz, C.","contributorId":40753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grenz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70022448,"text":"70022448 - 2000 - Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70022448","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology","docAbstract":"Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demostrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their 'shape' and 'magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature: (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. 'Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the 'typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three 'shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one 'magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate 'magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three 'shape' and four 'magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid river management. Copyright ?? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Over the past 30 years, ecologists have demonstrated the importance of flow and temperature as primary variables in driving running water, riparian and floodplain ecosystems. As it is important to assess the size and timing of discharge variations in relation to those in temperature, a method is proposed that uses multivariate techniques to separately classify annual discharge and temperature regimes according to their `shape' and `magnitude', and which then combines the classifications. This paper: (i) describes a generally applicable method; (ii) tests the method by applying it to riparian systems on four British rivers using a 20-year record (1977-97) of flow and air temperature; (iii) proposes a hydroecological interpretation of the classification; (iv) considers the degree to which the methodology might provide information to support the design of ecologically acceptable flow regimes. `Regimes' are defined for discharge and air temperature using monthly mean data. The results of applying the classification procedure to four British rivers indicates that the `typical' regimes for each of the four catchments are composite features produced by a small number of clearly defined annual types that reflect interannual variability in hydroclimatological conditions. Annual discharge patterns are dominated by three `shape' classes (accounting for 94% of the station years: class A, early (November) peak; class B, intermediate (December-January) peak; and class C, late (March) peak) and one `magnitude' class (70% of the station years fall into class 3, intermediate), with two subordinate `magnitude' classes: low-flow years (18%) and high flow years (12%). For air temperature, annual patterns are classified evenly into three `shape' and four `magnitude' classes. It is argued that this variety of flow-temperature patterns is important for sustaining ecosystem integrity and for establishing benchmark flow regimes and associated frequencies to aid ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Friedman, J.M., 2000, Classification of river regimes: A context for hydroecology: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 2831-2848, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O.","startPage":"2831","endPage":"2848","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206755,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2831::AID-HYP122>3.0.CO;2-O"}],"volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f61ce4b0c8380cd4c5d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":393651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022839,"text":"70022839 - 2000 - An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:45:36","indexId":"70022839","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","docAbstract":"<p>Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes). In some years, with appropriate lags, this mode extends to distant mountains. A reason for this coherence is the broad scale nature of synoptic features in atmospheric circulation, which provide anomalous insolation and temperature forcings that span a large region, sometimes the entire western U.S. These correlations may fall off dramatically, however, in dry years when the snowpack is spatially patchy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Smith, R.E., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Riddle, L., 2000, An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa6e4b0c8380cd489c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, L.","contributorId":47550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1015345,"text":"1015345 - 2000 - Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:58:37","indexId":"1015345","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p><span>High‐altitude watersheds in the Front Range of Colorado show symptoms of advanced stages of nitrogen excess, despite having less nitrogen in atmospheric deposition than other regions where watersheds retain nitrogen. In two alpine/subalpine subbasins of the Loch Vale watershed, atmospheric deposition of NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>plus NH</span><sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>was 3.2–5.5 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, and watershed export was 1.8–3.9 kg N ha</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>for water years 1992–1997. Annual N export increased in years with greater input of N, but most of the additional N was retained in the watershed, indicating that parts of the ecosystem are nitrogen‐limited. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations were greatest in subsurface water of talus landscapes, where mineralization and nitrification augment high rates of atmospheric deposition of N. Tundra landscapes had moderately high DIN concentrations, whereas forest and wetland landscapes had low concentrations, indicating little export of nitrogen from these landscapes. Between the two subbasins the catchment of Icy Brook had greater retention of nitrogen than that of Andrews Creek because of landscape and hydrologic characteristics that favor greater N assimilation in both the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These results suggest that export of N from alpine/subalpine watersheds is caused by a combination of direct flushing of N from atmospheric deposition and release of N from ecosystem biogeochemical processes (N cycling). Sensitivity of alpine ecosystems in the western United States to atmospheric deposition of N is a function of landscape heterogeneity, hydrologic flow paths, and climatic extremes that limit primary productivity and microbial activity, which, in turn, control retention and release of nitrogen. Conceptual and mechanistic models of N excess that have been developed for forested ecosystems need to be modified in order to predict the response of alpine ecosystems to future changes in climate and atmospheric deposition of N.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900283","usgsCitation":"Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K.A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900283.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479371,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900283","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6866aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Donald H. dhcampbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Donald","email":"dhcampbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":322957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tonnessen, Kathy A.","contributorId":9588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tonnessen","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brooks, Paul D.","contributorId":139471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12566,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Unviersity of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":322956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schuster, Paul F. 0000-0002-8314-1372 pschuste@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8314-1372","contributorId":1360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"Paul","email":"pschuste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174259,"text":"70174259 - 2000 - Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-16T13:51:53","indexId":"70174259","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>This article presents an overview of recent findings from hydrodynamic research on circulation and mixing in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) (Figure 1) and North San Francisco Bay (North Bay) (Figure 2). For the purposes of this article, North Bay includes San Pablo Bay, Carquinez Strait, and Suisun Bay. The findings presented are those gained from field studies carried out by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the Interagency Ecological Program (IEP), and Stanford University beginning about 1993. The premise behind these studies was that a basic understanding of circulation and mixing patterns in the Bay and Delta is an essential part of understanding how biota and water quality are affected by natural hydrologic variability, water appropriation, and development activities. Data collected for the field studies described in this article have significantly improved our understanding of Bay and Delta hydrodynamics. Measured flows ,in the Delta have provided valuable information on how water moves through the Delta's network of channels and how export pumping affects flows. Studies of the shallows and shallow-channel exchange processes conducted in Honker Bay have shown that the water residence time in Honker Bay is much shorter than previously reported (on the order of hours to several tidal cycles instead ofweeks). Suisun Bay studies have provided data on hydrodynamic transport and accumulation mechanisms that operate primarily in the channels. The Suisun Bay studies have caused us to revise our understanding of residual circulation in the channels of North Bay and of \"entrapment\" mechanisms in the low salinity zone. Finally, detailed tidal and residual (tidally averaged) time-scale studies of the mechanisms that control gravitational circulation in the estuary show that density-driven transport in the channels is governed by turbulence time-scale (seconds) interactions between the mean flow and stratification. The hydrodynamic research summarized in this article spans a range of estuarine environments (deep water channels to shallow water habitats and brackish water to freshwater) at time scales that range from seconds to years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary","usgsCitation":"Burau, J.R., Monismith, S., Stacey, M., Oltmann, R.N., Lacy, J., and Schoellhamer, D., 2000, Recent research on the hydrodynamics of the Sacramento - San Joaquin River Delta and north San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 11, no. 2, p. 45-55.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's 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,{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":67934,"text":"ha730H - 1994 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington","indexId":"ha730H","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 7, Idaho, Oregon, Washington"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":67935,"text":"ha730I - 1996 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 8, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming","indexId":"ha730I","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 8, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":67963,"text":"ha730L - 1997 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 11, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","indexId":"ha730L","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 11, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":68027,"text":"ha730E - 1996 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 4, Oklahoma, Texas","indexId":"ha730E","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 4, Oklahoma, Texas"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":68038,"text":"ha730C - 1995 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 2, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah","indexId":"ha730C","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 2, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":68048,"text":"ha730F - 1998 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","indexId":"ha730F","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 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The information was collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and other agencies during the course of many years of study. Results of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program, a systematic study of the Nation's major aquifers by the U.S. Geological Survey, were used as a major, but not exclusive, source of information of the Atlas. </p><p>The Atlas, which is designed in a graphical format that is supported by descriptive discussions, includes 13 chapters, each representing areas that collectively cover the 50 States and Puerto Rico, as well as the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each chapter of the Atlas presents and describes hydrogeologic and hydrologic conditions for the major aquifers in each regional area. The scale of the Atlas does not allow portrayal of minor features of the geology or hydrology of each aquifer presented, nor does it include detailed discussion of minor aquifers. 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,{"id":22774,"text":"ofr00279 - 2000 - Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for selected sites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-05T17:16:22","indexId":"ofr00279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-279","title":"Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for selected sites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN)","docAbstract":"Increasingly, hydrologic studies require information on the isotopic composition of natural waters. This report presents stable hydrogen (&delta;<sup>2</sup>H) and oxygen isotope ratios (&delta;<sup>18</sup>0) of precipitation samples from seven selected sites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) collected during the years 1992-1994.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00279","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Huang, R., 2000, Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for selected sites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-279, iv, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00279.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[{"id":543,"text":"Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2000_279.jpg"},{"id":262300,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware;Illinois;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Tennessee;Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.41666666666667,35 ], [ -89.41666666666667,45 ], [ -71.45,45 ], [ -71.45,35 ], [ -89.41666666666667,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Richard","contributorId":10457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22661,"text":"ofr0068 - 2000 - The distribution and abundance of lotic macroinvertebrates during Spring 1997 in seven streams of the Santa Clara Valley area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T07:00:54","indexId":"ofr0068","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-68","title":"The distribution and abundance of lotic macroinvertebrates during Spring 1997 in seven streams of the Santa Clara Valley area, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0068","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., and Fend, S., 2000, The distribution and abundance of lotic macroinvertebrates during Spring 1997 in seven streams of the Santa Clara Valley area, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-68, iii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0068.","productDescription":"iii, 46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95482,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0068/report.pdf","size":"2704","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              36.90597988519294\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              36.90597988519294\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              37.44433544620035\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              37.44433544620035\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.1514892578125,\n              36.90597988519294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5179,"text":"fs09700 - 2000 - Volumes of recent floods and potential for storage in upland watershed areas of Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-10T12:19:41","indexId":"fs09700","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"097-00","title":"Volumes of recent floods and potential for storage in upland watershed areas of Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Substantial flooding at various locations throughout the United States, particularly during and after the Upper Mississippi River Basin flood of 1993, has resulted in analysis and discussion of both structural and nonstructural methods of watershed management to control flooding. The Upper Mississippi River Basin flood of 1993 resulted in the formulation of a Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team (SAST) to assist and advise decision makers about the positive and negative effects of flood-control measures and habitat restoration (Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team, 1994). SAST recognized the role of upland processes and the interconnectivity of a management strategy on other parts of the river system. If upland areas are considered for inclusion in an overall management strategy related to flooding, an analysis of watershed that have been flooded and the amount of runoff generated during those floods is needed.</p>\n<p>During the autumn of 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, began a study to determine the volume of water associated with recent flood events in parts of the Midwestern United States and a preliminary evaluation of the potential upland areas for storage of flood-waters in selected watersheds. This analysis, although preliminary, may be useful in determining the feasibility of conducting additional, more detailed studies into the role of upland areas in a watershed management strategy. The methods and results of this preliminary hydrologic study are presented in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs09700","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Buchmiller, R.C., Eash, D.A., and Harvey, C.A., 2000, Volumes of recent floods and potential for storage in upland watershed areas of Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 097-00, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09700.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286110,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0097-00/report.pdf"},{"id":286111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0097-00/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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daeash@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8959","contributorId":1887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eash","given":"David","email":"daeash@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Craig A.","contributorId":103325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29394,"text":"wri004209 - 2000 - Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T22:03:12.660385","indexId":"wri004209","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4209","title":"Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Little St. Germain Lake, which is in Vilas County. Wisconsin, just northeast of St. Germain (fig. 1), is one of 21 impoundments operated by Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company (WVIC) to provide storage for power and recreational use. The level of the lake, which was originally dammed in 1882, has been maintained by the WVIC at about 5 feet above its natural level since 1929, and it is annually drawn down about 1.5 feet from December through March. In the interest of protecting and improving the water quality of the lake, the Little St. Germain Lake Improvement Association was established in 1959. Later, the I .ittle St. Germain Lake District was formed. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR), in collaboration with the Lake District, did a study during 1983-85 to document the water quality of the lake and examine management alternatives (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1985). Results of the study indicated that, because of relatively high phosphorus loading to the lake, most of the lake was eutrophic (relatively productive), with the possible exception of the West Bay. The results also indicated monitoring of the lake should continue, and that actions should be taken to decrease nutrient loading to the lake by controlling erosion, fertilizer runoff, and leakage from septic systems.</p>\n<p>The lake was monitored in detail again during 1991-94 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of a cooperative study with the Lake District. This study demonstrated water-quality variation among the basins of Little St. Germain Lake and extensive areas of winter anoxia (absence of oxygen). Further in-depth studies were then conducted during 1994-2000 to define the extent of winter anoxia, refine the hydrologic and phosphorus budgets of the lake, quantify the effects of annual drawdowns, and provide information needed to develop a comprehensive lake-management plan. This report presents the results of the studies since 1991.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004209","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., and Rose, W., 2000, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Little St. Germain Lake, Vilas County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4209, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004209.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395415,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34256.htm"},{"id":58246,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4209/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4209/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Little St. Germain Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.49600219726562,\n              45.895026211452226\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.42115783691406,\n              45.895026211452226\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.42115783691406,\n              45.9399295336733\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49600219726562,\n              45.9399295336733\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.49600219726562,\n              45.895026211452226\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William J. wjrose@usgs.gov","contributorId":2182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William J.","email":"wjrose@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":201459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":21657,"text":"ofr0081 - 2000 - Chemical and isotopic composition and gas concentrations of ground water and surface water from selected sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:36:00","indexId":"ofr0081","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-81","title":"Chemical and isotopic composition and gas concentrations of ground water and surface water from selected sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1994-97","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0081","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., Doughten, M., Widman, P., and Bartholomay, R.C., 2000, Chemical and isotopic composition and gas concentrations of ground water and surface water from selected sites at and near the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-81, iv, 51 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0081.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95447,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0081/report.pdf","size":"3701","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,44.25 ], [ -112.25,43.25 ], [ -114.25,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e48d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doughten, M. W.","contributorId":101648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doughten","given":"M. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Widman, P.K.","contributorId":19589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Widman","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":28984,"text":"wri004199 - 2000 - A decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration in the Yazoo Backwater Area, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri004199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4199","title":"A decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration in the Yazoo Backwater Area, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A working prototype decision support system (DSS) was developed for the Yazoo Backwater Area, Mississippi, to help planners and managers prioritize, plan, conduct, and optimize forested wetland restoration activities. The DSS comprises geographic information system (GIS) spatial data themes, application programs that provide a cumulative analysis of the relative ability of sites to function as wetlands, and output data that are specific to a given restoration analysis scenario. The DSS input includes GIS data themes such as geomorphology, soils, land use, elevation, farmed wetlands, flood frequency, topographic depressions, streams, public lands, roads, and permanent water bodies, which can be used as spatial templates to define areal hydrologic settings. These GIS data themes can then be ranked and combined to estimate the relative suitability of a potential wetland restoration site, thereby, determining relative wetland equivalence on the landscape. The GIS applications used in this DSS perform the following three functions: assess the ecology (the Eco-Assessor); reclassify land-use in areas selected for restoration (the Tree-Translator); and generate output data to compare restoration scenarios (the Parameter-Generator). Areas selected for reforestation are translated (in the GIS) into ?forested? land use, and the tree species that are ?planted? on the landscape (in the DSS) either compose an ecologically optimal or an economically optimal community of tree species. Output from the DSS can be compared and analyzed by using economic, statistical, graphical, and tabular methods. Output data for seven selected scenarios were generated for the Yazoo Backwater Area and are presented as examples to illustrate the flexibility of the DSS to identify areas that meet restoration objectives. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004199","usgsCitation":"O'Hara, C., Davis, A.A., and Kleiss, B., 2000, A decision support system for prioritizing forested wetland restoration in the Yazoo Backwater Area, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4199, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004199.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/ms_proj/wetlands/restoration_dss/wrir00-4199.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Hara, Charles G.","contributorId":83911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Angela A.","contributorId":22001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Angela","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleiss, Barbara A.","contributorId":87536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleiss","given":"Barbara A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53981,"text":"wri004075 - 2000 - Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Sediment Transport of the San Miguel River, Southwest Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T21:41:29","indexId":"wri004075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4075","title":"Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Sediment Transport of the San Miguel River, Southwest Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wri004075","usgsCitation":"Allred, T.M., and Andrews, E., 2000, Hydrology, Geomorphology, and Sediment Transport of the San Miguel River, Southwest Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4075, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004075.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allred, Tyler M.","contributorId":173170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allred","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27172,"text":"Allred Restoration, Inc., Tremonton, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":248839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24614,"text":"ofr0082 - 2000 - Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr0082","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-82","title":"Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997","docAbstract":"The hydrology and water quality of streams and lakes in the Guanella Pass area could be affected by the proposed reconstruction of the existing road over Guanella Pass between Georgetown and Grant, Colo. Data were collected during water years 1995 through 1997 (October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997) that describe the preconstruction hydrology, water quality, sediment transport, and bulk atmospheric deposition in the Guanella Pass study area with most data being collected primarily during water years 1996-97. Data were collected at 17 stream sites, 7 road-runoff sites, 10 ground-water sites, 3 lake sites, 1 reservoir site, 2 snow-precipitation sites, and 4 bulk atmospheric-deposition sites. Data include onsite measurements of streamflow, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, turbidity, barometric pressure, and dissolved oxygen; concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements; organic carbon and trace organic compounds; suspended-sediment concentration and particle-size analyses; field measurement and depth profiles, and chlorophyll concentrations in lakes and reservoirs; trace element, nutrient, and trace organic (semi-volatiles, PCBs, and insecticides) analyses of lake and reservoir bottom sediment; and bulk atmospheric deposition rates of solids. Daily values for streamflow, maximum and minimum water temperature, specific conductance, and suspended sediment were computed at seven streamflow-monitoring stations located along South Clear Creek, Leavenworth Creek, Duck Creek, Geneva Creek, and Deer Creek. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr0082","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Stevens, M.R., 2000, Hydrologic, Water-Quality, Sediment Transport, and Bulk Atmospheric-Deposition Data, Guanella Pass Area, Colorado, October 1, 1994, through September 30, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-82, iv, 24 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0082.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0082/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53662,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a84c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Michael R. 0000-0002-9476-6335 mrsteven@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6335","contributorId":769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Michael","email":"mrsteven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54236,"text":"wdrMARI991 - 2000 - Water Resources Data Massachusetts and Rhode Island Water Year 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wdrMARI991","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-99-1","title":"Water Resources Data Massachusetts and Rhode Island Water Year 1999","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Massachusetts and Rhode Island each water year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the States. To make these data readily available to interested parties outside the Geological Survey, the data are published annually in this report series entitled 'Water Resources Data-Massachusetts and Rhode Island.'\r\n\r\nHydrologic data are also available through the Massachusetts-Rhode Island District Home Page on the world-wide web (http://ma.water.usgs.gov). Historical data and real-time data (for sites equipped with satellite gage-height telemeter) are also available. The home page also contains a link to the U.S. Geological Survey National Home Page where streamflow data from locations throughout the United States can be retrieved.\r\n\r\nThis report series includes records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of ground-water wells; and water quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains discharge records at 90 gaging stations; stage records at 2 gaging stations; monthend contents of 4 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 31 gaging stations; water quality at 27 observation wells; and water levels for 139 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown in figures 1 and 2. Short-term water-quality data were collected at 21 gaging stations and 27 observation wells and are shown in figure 3. Miscellaneous hydrologic data were collected at various sites that were not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements. The data in this report represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.\r\n\r\nThis series of annual reports for Massachusetts and Rhode Island began with the 1961 water year with a report that contained only data relating to the quantities of surface water. For the 1964 water year, a similar report was introduced that contained only data relating to water quality. Beginning with the 1975 water year, the report format was changed to present, in one volume, data on quantities of surface water, quality of surface and ground water, and ground-water levels.\r\n\r\nPrior to introduction of this series and for several water years concurrent with it, water-resources data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers. Data on stream discharge and stage and on lake or reservoir contents and stage, through September 1960, were published annually under the title 'Surface-Water Supply of the United States, Parts 1A and 1B.' For the 1961 through 1970 water years, the data were published in two 5-year reports. Data on chemical quality, temperature, and suspended sediment for the 1941 through 1970 water years were published annually under the title 'Quality of Surface Waters of the United States,' and water levels for the 1939 through 1974 water years were published under the title 'Ground-Water Levels in the United States.' The above mentioned Water-Supply Papers may be consulted in the libraries of the principal cities of the United States and may be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225-0286.\r\n\r\nPublications similar to this report are published annually by the Geological Survey for all States. These official Survey reports have an identification number consisting of the two-letter State abbreviation, the last two digits of the water year, and the volume number. For example, this volume is identified as 'U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report MARI-98-1.' For archiving and general d","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI991","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Zanca, J., Murino, D., and Ramsbey, L., 2000, Water Resources Data Massachusetts and Rhode Island Water Year 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-99-1, xvi, 401 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI991.","productDescription":"xvi, 401 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9701,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/wdr-ma-ri-99-1/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zanca, J.L.","contributorId":63087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zanca","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murino, Domenic Jr.","contributorId":42649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murino","given":"Domenic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramsbey, L.R.","contributorId":78393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsbey","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25770,"text":"wri004136 - 2000 - Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and parameter estimation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T19:03:07.560559","indexId":"wri004136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4136","title":"Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and parameter estimation","docAbstract":"<p>Middle Genesee Lake is a ground-water flow-through lake located in a developing area in southeastern Wisconsin. Because the lake is in good connection with the shallow ground-water system, hydrologic stresses to the shallow ground-water system could adversely affect the lake system. In order to assess the effects of potential stresses on the lake, a study was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Middle Genesee Lake Management District. The objective of the study was to identify areas that contribute ground water to the lake and estimate the hydrologic budget of the lake and hydraulic parameters affecting ground-water flow. A two-dimensional, steady-state analytic element model of the lake and surrounding area was developed using the computer code GFLOW. A parameter estimation model, UCODE, was used to optimize the calibration to measured water levels and streamflow.</p>\n<p>The calibrated model was used to evaluate the effect of three hypothetical stress scenarios on the stage of Middle Genesee Lake; the simulations were linked to UCODE, which formally incorporated parameter uncertainty into 95-percent confidence intervals around the simulated value. The scenarios included: (1) pumping from upgradient irrigation wells, (2) pumping from Lower Genesee Lake to lower lake levels, and (3) reduction in recharge resulting from development. The results of the simulations demonstrated that lake levels could be affected by hydrologic stresses in the shallow hydrologic system, with effects ranging from a 2.7 feet decline in lake stage resulting from pumping in Lower Genesee Lake to a 0.1 feet decline in lake stage from development in part of the upgradient recharge area. The range of lake stage decline increased when parameter uncertainty was included, from a decline of 3.1 feet for pumping from Lower Genesee Lake to no reduction in lake stage for the development in the recharge area. Whereas these simulated effects are within the natural variation in lake stage, they represent a systematic reduction of ground-water flow to the lake. Therefore, these hypothetical stresses are expected to establish a new, lower, baseline lake stage over which the natural variation due to climatic effects are added and subtracted.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Middle Genesee Lake Management District, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Lin, Y., Krohelski, J.T., and Juckem, P., 2000, Simulation of the shallow hydrologic system in the vicinity of Middle Genesee Lake, Wisconsin, using analytic elements and parameter estimation: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4136, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004136.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407534,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33859.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54524,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","otherGeospatial":"Middle Genesee Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.49942207336426,\n              43.032258770888234\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.49942207336426,\n              43.06844885742919\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4538459777832,\n              43.06844885742919\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.4538459777832,\n              43.032258770888234\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.49942207336426,\n              43.032258770888234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699290","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Y.","contributorId":13272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Juckem, P. F.","contributorId":24819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juckem","given":"P. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":54356,"text":"wdrIA002 - 2000 - Water Resources Data, Iowa, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. surface water--Missouri River Basin, and ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T13:28:57","indexId":"wdrIA002","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IA-00-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Iowa, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. surface water--Missouri River Basin, and ground water","docAbstract":"<p>This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Iowa is one of a series of annual reports that document hydrologic<br />data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto<br />Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic<br />information needed by local, State, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation&rsquo;s land<br />and water resources.</p>\n<p>This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by dedicated personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey who collected,<br />compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the report. The authors had<br />primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein is accurate, complete, and adheres to Geological<br />Survey policy and established guidelines.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrIA002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Geological Survey Bureau), Iowa Department of Transportation, and with Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Nalley, G., Gorman, J., Goodrich, R., Miller, V., Turco, M., and Linhart, S.M., 2000, Water Resources Data, Iowa, Water Year 2000, Volume 2. surface water--Missouri River Basin, and ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IA-00-2, xvii, 241 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIA002.","productDescription":"xvii, 241 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ia.water.usgs.gov/pubs/annualreports/2000/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":177181,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/ia-00-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87874,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/ia-00-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.61376953125,\n              43.492782808225\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.020751953125,\n              43.46886761482923\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.8779296875,\n              43.13306116240612\n            ],\n            [\n              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G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorman, J.G.","contributorId":32233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorman","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goodrich, R.D.","contributorId":83995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodrich","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, V.E.","contributorId":43423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"V.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Turco, M.J.","contributorId":63092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turco","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Linhart, S. M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":27048,"text":"wri20004260 - 2000 - Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase II, April–July, 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T21:27:08.93116","indexId":"wri20004260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4260","title":"Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase II, April–July, 1998","docAbstract":"The protection of public health through quality public ground-water systems is the responsibility of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the State of Missouri, through the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Public Drinking Water Program. Approximately 95 percent of the public-water supplies in Missouri use ground water as their source of drinking water through more than 3,700 public wells. Karst terrain, intensive agricultural operations, extensive numbers of on-site sewage systems, and poor well construction can lead to chemical and microbiological contamination of the contributing aquifers. Sitespecific studies and routine regulatory monitoring have produced information on the overall quality and potability of the State's public-drinking-water supplies, but little is known about the presence of viruses.\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, sampled 109 public-water supplies to characterize the physical, chemical, bacterial, and viral conditions in southern Missouri. During April to July 1998, these wells were sampled for nutrients, total organic carbon, optical brighteners, indicator bacteria, enteric viruses, and ribonucleic acid and somatic coli phages. These constituents indicate possible surface contamination of the sampled aquifer. Selection of the wells to be sampled depended on the age of the well (pre-1970), land use, geohydrology, and well construction.\r\n\r\nNone of the physical or chemical constituents measured or analyzed exceeded Missouri's Drinking Water Standards set by the Public Drinking Water Program of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources. The majority of ammonia plus organic nitrogen, nitrite, and phosphorus concentrations were below the laboratory's minimum reporting levels. There were a greater number of detects above the minimum reporting level with respect to the nitrite plus nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate, and total organic carbon concentrations. Analyses included comparing and contrasting the data by grouping according to well age and construction, karst type, geohydrology, soil type, and land use. There was little variation in well construction between selected wells. The results indicated several groupings of similar and dissimilar concentrations, most expected because of hydrological, physical, or land use differences. Dissolved oxygen values indicated distinct variation in the different groupings. There were significant differences in dissolved oxygen values between the secondary and non-karst areas, the Ozark confined and Ozark unconfined geohydrologic groups, and between agricultural and other land uses. In groupings by soil and geohydrology, the Missouri bootheel region differed with respect to ammonia, total organic carbon, and phosphorus when compared with the other groups.\r\n\r\nLess than 10 percent of the wells sampled tested positive for bacterial contamination. E. coli was the most frequently detected bacterium. The public wells at Monett and West Plains, Missouri, had plates with colonies too numerous to count for all three indicator bacteria. Further analyses by rRNA (ribosomal RiboNucleic Acid) hybridization techniques detennined that much of the bacteria present were from ruminant and human sources. No enteric viruses were detected in the 109 samples. Both ribonucleic acid and somatic coliphage were detected at two wells. One additional well had ribonucleic acid coliphage and another had somatic coliphage for a total of four wells with coliphage selects.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004260","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Environmental Quality, Public Drinking Water Program","usgsCitation":"Femmer, S.R., 2000, Microbiological and chemical quality of ground water used as a source of public supply in southern Missouri — Phase II, April–July, 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4260, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004260.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95626,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4260/report.pdf","size":"8188","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395496,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34519.htm"},{"id":13936,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4260/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.607,\n              36.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.417,\n              36.433\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.417,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.607,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.607,\n              36.433\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a57e4b07f02db62e1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Femmer, Suzanne R. sfemmer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Femmer","given":"Suzanne","email":"sfemmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23771,"text":"ofr00416 - 2000 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23771,"text":"ofr00416 - 2000 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","indexId":"ofr00416","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":76970,"text":"pp1646 - 2006 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension","indexId":"pp1646","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":76970,"text":"pp1646 - 2006 - Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension","indexId":"pp1646","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis Drain extension"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:25:12","indexId":"ofr00416","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-416","title":"Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension","docAbstract":"During the next few years, federal and state agencies may be required to evaluate proposals and discharge permits that could significantly change selenium (Se) inputs to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary (Bay-Delta), particularly in the North Bay (i.e., Suisun Bay and San Pablo Bay). These decisions may include discharge requirements for an extension of the San Luis Drain (SLD) to the estuary to convey subsurface agricultural drainage from the western San Joaquin Valley (SJV), a renewal of an agreement to allow the existing portion of the SLD to convey subsurface agricultural drainage to a tributary of the San Joaquin River (SJR) (coincident with changes in flow patterns of the lower SJR), and refinements to promulgated Se criteria for the protection of aquatic life for the estuary.\r\rUnderstanding the biotransfer of Se is essential to evaluating the fate and impact of proposed changes in Se discharges to the Bay-Delta. However, past monitoring programs have not addressed the specific protocols necessary for an element that bioaccumulates. Confusion about Se threats in the past have stemmed from failure to consider the full complexity of the processes that result in Se toxicity. Past studies show that predators are more at risk from Se contamination than their prey, making it difficult to use traditional methods to predict risk from environmental concentrations alone. In this report, we employ a novel procedure to model the fate of Se under different, potentially realistic load scenarios from the SJV. For each potential load, we progressively forecast the resulting environmental concentrations, speciation, transformation to particulate form, bioaccumulation by invertebrates, trophic transfer to predators, and effects in those predators. Enough is known to establish a first order understanding of effects should Se be discharged directly into the North Bay via a conveyance such as the SLD.\r\rOur approach uses 1) existing knowledge concerning the biogeochemical reactions of Se (e.g., speciation, partitioning between dissolved and particulate forms, and bivalve assimilation efficiency) and 2) site-specific data mainly from 1986 to 1996 on clams and bottom-feeding fish and birds. Forecasts of Se loading from oil refineries and agricultural drainage from the SJV enable the calculation of a composite freshwater endmember Se concentration at the head of the estuary and at Carquinez Strait as a foundation for modeling. Our analysis of effects also takes into account the mode of conveyance for agricultural drainage (i.e., the SLD or SJR). The effects of variable flows on a seasonal or monthly basis from the Sacramento River and SJR are also considered.\r\rThe results of our forecasts for external SJV watershed sources of Se mirror predictions made since 1955 of a worsening salt (and by inference, Se) buildup exacerbated by the arid climate and irrigation for agricultural use. We show that the reservoir of Se in the SJV is sufficient to provide loading at an annual rate of approximately 42,500 pounds (lbs) of Se to a Bay-Delta disposal point for 63 to 304 years at the lower range of our projections, even if influx of Se from the California Coast Ranges could be curtailed. Disposal of wastewaters on an annual basis outside of the SJV may slow the degradation of valley resources, but drainage alone cannot alleviate the salt and Se buildup in the SJV, at least within a century.\r\rOur forecasts show the different proportions of Se loading to the Bay-Delta. Oil refinery loads from 1986 to 1992 ranged from 11 to 15 lbs Se per day; with treatment and cleanup, loads decreased to 3 lbs Se per day in 1999. In contrast, SJV agricultural drainage loads could range from of 45 to 117 lbs Se per day across a set of reasonable conditions. Components of this valley-wide load include five source subareas (i.e., Grassland, Westlands, Tulare, Kern, and Northern) based on water and drainage management. Loads vary per subarea mainly because of proximity of the s","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ofr00416","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Presser, T.S., 2000, Forecasting selenium discharges to the San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary: Ecological effects of a proposed San Luis drain extension: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-416, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00416.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1779,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr00-416/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n              37.16907157713011\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              37.16907157713011\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n              38.44498466889473\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.1842041015625,\n              37.16907157713011\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de3ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54668,"text":"wdrME001 - 2000 - Water Resources Data, Maine, Water Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-17T18:33:15.722333","indexId":"wdrME001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"ME-00-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Maine, Water Year 2000","docAbstract":"<p>This volume of the annual hydrologic data report of Maine is one of a series of annual reports that document data gathered from the U.S. Geological Survey's surface- and ground-water data-collection networks in each State, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territories. These records of streamflow, ground-water levels, and quality of water provide the hydrologic information needed by State, local, and Federal agencies, and the private sector for developing and managing our Nation's land and water resources.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wdrME001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Maine and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Stewart, G., Nielsen, J., Caldwell, J.M., and Cloutier, A., 2000, Water Resources Data, Maine, Water Year 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report ME-00-1, xviii, 233 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrME001.","productDescription":"xviii, 233 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427863,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/me-00-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180718,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2000/me-00-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.42648118042072,\n              47.6134955683448\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42648118042072,\n              43.03235040705886\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.74666404333306,\n              43.03235040705886\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.74666404333306,\n              47.6134955683448\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.42648118042072,\n              47.6134955683448\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, G.J.","contributorId":62246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, J.P.","contributorId":76355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, J. M.","contributorId":93934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloutier, A.R.","contributorId":26356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloutier","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":45053,"text":"wri004140 - 2000 - A hydrologic primer for New Jersey watershed management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-29T11:23:52","indexId":"wri004140","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4140","title":"A hydrologic primer for New Jersey watershed management","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), and many other agencies and organizations are striving to educate the public about New Jersey&rsquo;s water resources. In 1996, the NJDEP began implementing a &ldquo;watershed management approach&rdquo; to maintain the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of New Jersey&rsquo;s waters. This approach concentrates on managing individual watershed areas by (1) defining the physical geographic boundaries of the watersheds, (2) basing water policy on sound scientific principles, and (3) developing partnerships with the public--the people most affected by watershed-management policies.</p>\n<p>New Jersey can be divided into five water regions as defined by the NJDEP: the Northeast, Raritan, Northwest, Lower Delaware, and Atlantic Coastal water regions (fig. 1). Each water region has been divided into three to five &ldquo;watershed-management areas,&rdquo; each of which encompasses a particular group of major rivers (fig. 2a-e). Each watershed management area consists of many smaller watersheds.</p>\n<p>Hydrologic data collected by Federal and State government agencies are invaluable as resources to policymakers who make decisions that affect the use of water in a particular watershed. The purpose of this report is to educate water-resource managers, policymakers, government officials, and the public about hydrologic concepts and the water-resource data needed to make informed decisions about water-management issues. (&ldquo;Hydrologic&rdquo; means relating to the occurrence, distribution, movement, and chemistry of all waters of the Earth (Fetter, 1980)). The first part of the report describes basic hydrologic concepts and includes explanations of the hydrologic cycle, the water budget, the surfacewater and ground-water flow systems, water-quality concepts and standards, and water use. The second part of the report summarizes the types of waterresource data that are available from Federal and State government agencies. Instructions on how to obtain the data and contact the appropriate Federal and State agencies, as well as suggestions for additional reading, also are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004140","usgsCitation":"Watt, M.K., 2000, A hydrologic primer for New Jersey watershed management: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4140, vi, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004140.","productDescription":"vi, 108 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_2000_4140.jpg"},{"id":3908,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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