In 1997 a field monitoring system was installed in Acquabona Creek in the Dolomites (Eastern Italian Alps) to observe the hydrologic conditions for debris flow occurrence and some dynamic properties of debris flow. The monitoring system consists of three remote stations: an upper one located at the head of a deeply-incised channel and two others located downstream. The system is equipped with sensors for measuring rainfall, pore pressures in the mobile channel bottom, ground vibrations, debris flow depth, total normal stress and fluid pore-pressure at the base of the flow. Two video cameras record events at the upper channel station and one video is installed at the lowermost station. During summer 1998, three debris flows (volumes from less than 1000 m3 up to 9000 m3) occurred at Acquabona. The following results were obtained from a preliminary analysis of the data: 1) All of the flows were triggered by rainfalls of less than 1 hour duration, with peak rainfall intensities ranging from 4.8 to 14.7 mm / 10 minute. 2) Debris flows initiated in several reaches of the channel, including the head of the talus slope. 3) The initial surges of the mature flows had a higher solid concentration and a lower velocity (up to 4 m/s) than succeeding, more dilute surges (more than 7 m/s). 4) Total normal stress and pore fluid pressures measured at the base of the flow. (mean depth about 1.1 m) were similar (about 15 kPa), indicating a completely liquefied flow. 5) Peak flows entrained debris at a rate of about 6 m 3/m of channel length and channel bed scouring was proportional to the local slope gradient and was still evident in the lower channel where the slope was 7°.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00090-3","issn":"14641909","usgsCitation":"Berti, M., Genevois, R., LaHusen, R., Simoni, A., and Tecca, P., 2000, Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps): Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, v. 25, no. 9, p. 707-715, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00090-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"715","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Acquabona Creek, Alps, Boite River, Dolomites","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 12.126502990722656,\n 46.48231911886259\n ],\n [\n 12.214393615722654,\n 46.48231911886259\n ],\n [\n 12.214393615722654,\n 46.521784367720734\n ],\n [\n 12.126502990722656,\n 46.521784367720734\n ],\n [\n 12.126502990722656,\n 46.48231911886259\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf0e4b0c8380cd4ea0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berti, M.","contributorId":22935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berti","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Genevois, R.","contributorId":48728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genevois","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaHusen, R.","contributorId":7446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Simoni, A.","contributorId":25319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoni","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tecca, P.R.","contributorId":24123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tecca","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":393934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015066,"text":"1015066 - 2000 - The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-17T09:43:15","indexId":"1015066","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West","docAbstract":"Research beginning 40 years ago suggested that semi-arid lands of the USA have higher unit discharges for a given recurrence interval than occur in other areas. Convincing documentation and arguments for this suspicion, however, were not presented. Thus, records of measured rainfall intensities for specified durations and recurrence intervals, and theoretical depths of probable maximum precipitation for specified recurrence intervals and areal scales are considered here for comparing extreme rainfalls of semi-arid areas with those of other climatic areas. Runoff from semi-arid lands, as peaks of rare floods, is compared with that of other areas using various published records. Relative to humid areas, semi-arid parts of the conterminous USA have lower 100-year, 6-h rainfall intensities and smaller depths of 100-year probable maximum precipitation for 26-km2 areas. Nonetheless, maximum flood peaks, flash-flood potentials, and runoff potentials are generally larger in semi-arid areas than in more humid parts of the nation. Causes of this disparity between rainfall and runoff appear to be results of soil and vegetation that in humid areas absorb and intercept rainfall and attenuate runoff, but in semi-arid areas limit infiltration and enhance runoff from bare, crusted surfaces. These differences in soil and vegetation conditions are indicated by the relatively high curve numbers and drainage densities that are typical of semi-arid areas. Owing to soil and vegetation conditions, rare floods in semi-arid areas are more likely to cause landform change than are floods of similar magnitude elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2817::AID-HYP121>3.0.CO;2-B","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W.R., and Friedman, J.M., 2000, The disparity between extreme rainfall events and rare floods - with emphasis on the semi-arid American West: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 16-17, p. 2817-2829, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2817::AID-HYP121>3.0.CO;2-B.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2817","endPage":"2829","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"14","issue":"16-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db6683f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":44495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188322,"text":"70188322 - 2000 - Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T07:56:00","indexId":"70188322","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport","docAbstract":"One of the principal uses of environmental tracers is for determining the ages of soil waters and groundwaters. (We may refer to this as ‘hydrochronology’by analogy with the dating of solid materials known as geochronology.) Information on soil water and groundwater age enables timescales for a range of subsurface processes to be determined. For example, ‘groundwater stratigraphy’is used increasingly to decipher past recharge rates and conditions in unconfined aquifers, in much the same way that sedimentary stratigraphy yields information about past depositional environments. The use of environmental tracers to determine water ages allows groundwater recharge rates and flow velocities to be determined independently, and commonly more accurately, than with traditional hydraulic methods where hydraulic properties of aquifers are poorly known or spatially variable. Studies of groundwater residence times in association with groundwater contamination studies can enable historic release rates of contaminants and contaminant transport rates to be determined. Where input rates are known, measurements of groundwater contaminant concentrations, together with groundwater dating, can sometimes be used for estimating chemical reaction rates. The combination of these dating methods with stable isotope measurements has sometimes allowed changes in contaminant sources over time to be determined.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Boston","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_1","isbn":"978-1-4613-7057-4","usgsCitation":"Cook, P.G., and Bohlke, J., 2000, Determining timescales for groundwater flow and solute transport, chap. of Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology, p. 1-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4557-6_1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7c6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cook, Peter G.","contributorId":192638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697213,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herczeg, Andrew L.","contributorId":83007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herczeg","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697214,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Peter G.","contributorId":192638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023108,"text":"70023108 - 2000 - Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:37","indexId":"70023108","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM","docAbstract":"The finite-volume Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method (FVELLAM) is a mass-conservative approach for solving the advection-dispersion equation. The method has been shown to be accurate and efficient for solving advection-dominated problems of solute transport in ground water in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Previous implementations of FVELLAM have had difficulty in representing internal sources because the standard assumption of lowest order Raviart-Thomas velocity field does not hold for source cells. Therefore, tracking of particles within source cells is problematic. A new approach has been developed to account for internal sources in FVELLAM. It is assumed that the source is uniformly distributed across a grid cell and that instantaneous mixing takes place within the cell, such that concentration is uniform across the cell at any time. Sub-time steps are used in the time-integration scheme to track mass outflow from the edges of the source cell. This avoids the need for tracking within the source cell. We describe the new method and compare results for a test problem with a wide range of cell Peclet numbers.","largerWorkTitle":"Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000","conferenceLocation":"Calgary","language":"English","publisherLocation":"A.A.Balkema","isbn":"9058091252","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 2000, Treatment of internal sources in the finite-volume ELLAM, in Computational methods in water resources - Volume 2 - Computational methods,surface water systems and hydrology, Calgary, 25 June 2000 through 29 June 2000, p. 619-622.","startPage":"619","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb796e4b08c986b327374","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bentley L.R.","contributorId":128326,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Bentley L.R.","id":536487,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sykes J.F.","contributorId":128330,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Sykes J.F.","id":536488,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brebbia C.A.","contributorId":128441,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Brebbia C.A.","id":536491,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray W.G.","contributorId":128367,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gray W.G.","id":536489,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pinder G.F.","contributorId":128399,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Pinder G.F.","id":536490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":396194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70022839,"text":"70022839 - 2000 - An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-07T05:45:36","indexId":"70022839","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States","docAbstract":"Daily-to-weekly discharge during the snowmelt season is highly correlated among river basins in the upper elevations of the central and southern Sierra Nevada (Carson, Walker, Tuolumne, Merced, San Joaquin, Kings, and Kern Rivers). In many cases, the upper Sierra Nevada watershed operates in a single mode (with varying catchment amplitudes). In some years, with appropriate lags, this mode extends to distant mountains. A reason for this coherence is the broad scale nature of synoptic features in atmospheric circulation, which provide anomalous insolation and temperature forcings that span a large region, sometimes the entire western U.S. These correlations may fall off dramatically, however, in dry years when the snowpack is spatially patchy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.H., Smith, R.E., Dettinger, M.D., Cayan, D., and Riddle, L., 2000, An organized signal in snowmelt runoff over the western United States: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no. 2, p. 421-432, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04278.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"432","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233573,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaa6e4b0c8380cd489c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dettinger, M. D. 0000-0002-7509-7332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":93069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dettinger","given":"M.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riddle, L.","contributorId":47550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185232,"text":"70185232 - 2000 - Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:55:24","indexId":"70185232","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs","docAbstract":"Multivariate correlations between the concentrations of selected herbicides and herbicide derivatives in outflows from selected reservoirs in the Midwestern United States for April 1992 through September 1993 were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Two independent sources for alachlor ethanesulfonic acid, one major source related to spring flush and seasonal runoff and another minor source related to groundwater, were identified using PCA. Results of MCR provided a semiquantitative interpretation of the environmental sources of the observed herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflows and allowed the examination of their temporal and geographical distributions. Samples with higher herbicide concentrations were collected from reservoirs in Indiana and Ohio, especially during the late spring and summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es000884m","usgsCitation":"Tauler, R., Barcelo, D., and Thurman, E., 2000, Multivariate correlation between concentrations of selected herbicides and derivatives in outflows from selected U.S. midwestern reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 34, no. 16, p. 3307-3314, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000884m.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"3307","endPage":"3314","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba422e4b0849ce97dc792","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tauler, R.","contributorId":189430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tauler","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barcelo, D.","contributorId":24107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barcelo","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185677,"text":"70185677 - 2000 - Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T11:45:26","indexId":"70185677","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3226,"text":"Radiochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"Component additivity (CA) and generalised composite (GC) approaches to deriving a suitable surface complexation model for description of U(VI) adsorption to natural mineral assemblages are pursued in this paper with good success. A single, ferrihydrite-like component is found to reasonably describe uranyl uptake to a number of kaolinitic iron-rich natural substrates at pH > 4 in the CA approach with previously published information on nature of surface complexes, acid-base properties of surface sites and electrostatic effects used in the model. The GC approach, in which little pre-knowledge about generic surface sites is assumed, gives even better fits and would appear to be a method of particular strength for application in areas such as performance assessment provided the model is developed in a careful, stepwise manner with simplicity and goodness of fit as the major criteria for acceptance.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency ","doi":"10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687","usgsCitation":"Waite, T., Davis, J., Fenton, B., and Payne, T., 2000, Approaches to modelling uranium (VI) adsorption on natural mineral assemblages: Radiochimica Acta, v. 88, p. 687-696, https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2000.88.9-11.687.","productDescription":"10 p. ","startPage":"687","endPage":"696","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waite, T.D.","contributorId":31116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, B.R.","contributorId":189879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Payne, T.E.","contributorId":31916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Payne","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185676,"text":"70185676 - 2000 - Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T11:27:13","indexId":"70185676","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5338,"text":"Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration","docAbstract":"Recent research by the U.S. Geological Survey has characterized contaminant sources and identified important geochemical processes that influence transport of radionuclides from uranium mining and milling wastes. 1) Selective extraction studies indicated that alkaline earth sulfates and hydrous ferric oxides are important hosts of 226Ra in uranium mill tailings. The action of sulfate-reducing and ironreducing bacteria on these phases was shown to enhance release of radium, and this adverse result may temper decisions to dispose of uranium mill tailings in anaerobic environments. 2) Field studies have shown that although surface-applied sewage sludge/wood chip amendments aid in revegetating pyritic spoil, the nitrogen in sludge leachate can enhance pyrite oxidation, acidification of groundwater, and the consequent mobilization of metals and radionuclides. 3) In a U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyfunded study, three permeable reactive barriers consisting of phosphate-rich material, zero-valent iron, or amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide have been installed at an abandoned uranium upgrader facility near Fry Canyon, UT. Preliminary results indicate that each of the permeable reactive barriers is removing the majority of the uranium from the groundwater. 4) Studies on the geochemistry of rare earth elements as analogues for actinides such as uranium and thorium in acid mine drainage environments indicate high mobility under acid-weathering conditions but measurable attenuation associated with iron and aluminum colloid formation. Mass balances from field and laboratory studies are being used to quantify the amount of attenuation. 5) A field study in Colorado demonstrated the use of 234U/238U isotopic ratio measurements to evaluate contamination of shallow groundwater with uranium mill effluent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00776028","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., Cravotta, C., Naftz, D.L., Verplanck, P.L., Nordstrom, D.K., and Zielinski, R.A., 2000, Geochemical investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey on uranium mining, milling, and environmental restoration: Technology, v. 7, no. 2-4, p. 381-396, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00776028.","productDescription":"16 p. ","startPage":"381","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Fry Canyon","volume":"7","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, Edward R. erlanda@usgs.gov","contributorId":2112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Edward","email":"erlanda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":178696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A. ","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zielinski, Robert A. 0000-0002-4047-5129 rzielinski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":1593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"Robert","email":"rzielinski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70180284,"text":"70180284 - 2000 - USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T14:26:40","indexId":"70180284","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bills, D., Flynn, M., and Woodhouse, B., 2000, USGS investigations of rural Arizona watersheds; hydrogeology of the Coconino Plateau; background and current status, in First Coconino Plateau hydrology workshop, p. 23-27.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f97fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Donald J. djbills@usgs.gov","contributorId":4180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Donald J.","email":"djbills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, M.E.","contributorId":67993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodhouse, Betsy","contributorId":92327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhouse","given":"Betsy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022753,"text":"70022753 - 2000 - Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:05","indexId":"70022753","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA","docAbstract":"Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau aquifer, a carbonate aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in central USA, has two distinct hydrochemical zones. Within each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different than water from wells. Geochemical data indicate that spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Water type throughout most of the aquifer was calcium bicarbonate, indicating that carbonate-rock dissolution is the primary geochemical process occurring in the aquifer. Concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen and tritium indicate that most ground water in the aquifer recharged rapidly and is relatively young (less than 40 years). In general, field-measured properties, concentrations of many chemical constituents, and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from the northern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone A) than in samples from the southern part of the aquifer (hydrochemical zone B). Factors affecting differences in the geochemical composition of ground water between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zone A than in zone B. In addition, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, concentrations of many chemical constituents and calcite saturation indices were greater in samples from wells than in samples from springs in each hydrochemical zone. In contrast, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, and chloride generally were greater in samples from springs than in samples from wells. Water from springs generally flows rapidly through large conduits with minimum water-rock interactions. Water from wells flow through small fractures, which restrict flow and increase water-rock interactions. As a result, springs tend to be more susceptible to surface contamination than wells. The results of this study have important implications for the geochemical and hydrogeological processes of similar carbonate aquifers in other geographical locations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Geochemical data indicate that the Springfield Plateau carbonate aquifer has two distinct hydrochemical zones. With each hydrochemical zone, water from springs is geochemically and isotopically different from the water from wells. Spring water generally interacts less with the surrounding rock and has a shorter residence time, probably as a result of flowing along discrete fractures and solution openings, than water from wells. Factors affecting the differences in the geochemical composition of groundwater between the two zones are difficult to identify, but could be related to differences in chert content and possibly primary porosity, solubility of the limestone, and amount and type of cementation between zones.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Adamski, J., 2000, Geochemistry of the Springfield Plateau aquifer of the Ozark Plateaus Province in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma, USA: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 5, p. 849-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7.","startPage":"849","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208006,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000415)14:5<849::AID-HYP973>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"id":233348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1721e4b0c8380cd553b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adamski, J.C.","contributorId":51773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1008394,"text":"1008394 - 2000 - A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T12:49:12","indexId":"1008394","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration","docAbstract":"A model (ALFISH) for fish functional groups in freshwater marshes of the greater Everglades area of southern Florida has been developed. Its main objective is to assess the spatial pattern of fish densities through time across freshwater marshes. This model has the capability of providing a dynamic measure of the spatially-explicit food resources available to wading birds. ALFISH simulates two functional groups, large and small fish, where the larger ones can prey on the small fish type. Both functional groups are size-structured. The marsh landscape is modeled as 500×500 m spatial cells on a grid across southern Florida. A hydrology model predicts water levels in the spatial cells on 5-day time steps. Fish populations spread across the marsh during flooded conditions and either retreat into refugia (alligator ponds), move to other spatial cells, or die if their cell dries out. ALFISH has been applied to the evaluation of alternative water regulation scenarios under the Central and South Florida Comprehensive Project Review Study. The objective of this Review Study is to compare alternative methods for restoring historical ecological conditions in southern Florida. ALFISH has provided information on which plans are most are likely to increase fish biomass and its availability to wading bird populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1","usgsCitation":"Gaff, H., DeAngelis, D., Gross, L., Salinas, R., and Shorrosh, M., 2000, A dynamic landscape model for fish in the Everglades and its application to restoration: Ecological Modelling, v. 127, no. 1, p. 33-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00202-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaff, H.D.","contributorId":12424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaff","given":"H.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, D.L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":32470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Salinas, R.","contributorId":57804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salinas","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shorrosh, M.","contributorId":101611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shorrosh","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015325,"text":"1015325 - 2000 - Preface [to special section on recent Loch Vale Watershed research]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:56:51","indexId":"1015325","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preface [to special section on recent Loch Vale Watershed research]","docAbstract":"Catchment-scale intensive and extensive research conducted over the last decade shows that our understanding of the biogeochemical and hydrologic processes in subalpine and alpine basins is not yet sufficiently mature to model and predict how biogeochemical transformations and surface water quality will change in response to climatic or human-driven changes in energy, water, and chemicals. A better understanding of these processes is needed for input to decision-making regulatory agencies and federal land managers. In recognition of this problem the National Research Council [1998] has identified as a critical research need an improved understanding of how global change will affect biogeochemical interactions with the hydrologic cycle and biogeochemical controls over the transport of water, nutrients, and materials from land to freshwater ecosystems. Improved knowledge of alpine and subalpine ecosystems is particularly important since high-elevation catchments are very sensitive to small changes in the flux of energy, chemicals, and water. Furthermore, alpine ecosystems may act as early warning indicators for ecosystem changes at lower elevations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900293","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Williams, M.W., 2000, Preface [to special section on recent Loch Vale Watershed research]: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 11-12, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900293.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488188,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133181,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Mark W.","contributorId":43046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015326,"text":"1015326 - 2000 - Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:27:52","indexId":"1015326","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA","docAbstract":"1. Knowledge of synchrony in trends is important to determining regional responses of lakes to disturbances such as atmospheric deposition and climate change. We explored the temporal coherence of physical and chemical characteristics of two series of mostly alpine lakes in nearby basins of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Using year-to-year variation over a 10-year period, we asked whether lakes more similar in exposure to the atmosphere be-haved more similarly than those with greater influence of catchment or in-lake processes.
2. The Green Lakes Valley and Loch Vale Watershed are steeply incised basins with strong altitudinal gradients. There are glaciers at the heads of each catchment. The eight lakes studied are small, shallow and typically ice-covered for more than half the year. Snowmelt is the dominant hydrological event each year, flushing about 70% of the annual discharge from each lake between April and mid-July. The lakes do not thermally stratify during the period of open water. Data from these lakes included surface water temper-ature, sulphate, nitrate, calcium, silica, bicarbonate alkalinity and conductivity.
3. Coherence was estimated by Pearson's correlation coefficient between lake pairs for each of the different variables. Despite close geographical proximity, there was not a strong direct signal from climatic or atmospheric conditions across all lakes in the study. Individual lake characteristics overwhelmed regional responses. Temporal coherence was higher for lakes within each basin than between basins and was highest for nearest neighbours.
4. Among the Green Lakes, conductivity, alkalinity and temperature were temporally coherent, suggesting that these lakes were sensitive to climate fluctuations. Water tem-perature is indicative of air temperature, and conductivity and alkalinity concentrations are indicative of dilution from the amount of precipitation flushed through by snowmelt.
5. In Loch Vale, calcium, conductivity, nitrate, sulphate and alkalinity were temporally coherent, while silica and temperature were not. This suggests that external influences are attenuated by internal catchment and lake processes in Loch Vale lakes. Calcium and sulphate are primarily weathering products, but sulphate derives both from deposition and from mineral weathering. Different proportions of snowmelt versus groundwater in different years could influence summer lake concentrations. Nitrate is elevated in lake waters from atmospheric deposition, but the internal dynamics of nitrate and silica may be controlled by lake food webs. Temperature is attenuated by inconsistently different climates across altitude and glacial meltwaters.
6. It appears that, while the lakes in the two basins are topographically close, geologically and morphologically similar, and often connected by streams, only some attributes are temporally coherent. Catchment and in-lake processes influenced temporal patterns, especially for temperature, alkalinity and silica. Montane lakes with high altitudinal gradients may be particularly prone to local controls compared to systems where coherence is more obvious.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00517.x","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., and Caine, N., 2000, Temporal coherence of two alpine lake basins of the Colorado Front Range, USA: Freshwater Biology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 463-476, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2000.00517.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133182,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, N.","contributorId":34881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015329,"text":"1015329 - 2000 - Sensitivity of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T16:57:42","indexId":"1015329","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Sensitivity of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2","title":"Sensitivity of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2","docAbstract":"We explored the hydrologic and ecological responses of a headwater mountain catchment, Loch Vale watershed, to climate change and doubling of atmospheric CO2 scenarios using the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). A slight (2°C) cooling, comparable to conditions observed over the past 40 years, led to greater snowpack and slightly less runoff, evaporation, transpiration, and plant productivity. An increase of 2°C yielded the opposite response, but model output for an increase of 4°C showed dramatic changes in timing of hydrologic responses. The snowpack was reduced by 50%, and runoff and soil water increased and occurred 4–5 weeks earlier with 4°C warming. Alpine tundra photosynthetic rates responded more to warmer and wetter conditions than subalpine forest, but subalpine forest showed a greater response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 than tundra. Even though water use efficiency increased with the double CO2 scenario, this had little effect on basin-wide runoff because the catchment is largely unvegetated. Changes in winter and spring climate conditions were more important to hydrologic and vegetation dynamics than changes that occurred during summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900263","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Hartman, M.D., Band, L., and Lammers, R., 2000, Sensitivity of a high-elevation Rocky Mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 1, p. 89-99, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900263.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900263","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7a5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":322905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hartman, Melannie D.","contributorId":98836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Melannie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Band, L.E.","contributorId":70342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Band","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lammers, R.B.","contributorId":67469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lammers","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":322906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022040,"text":"70022040 - 2000 - Bioavailability of particle-associated Se to the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:46:00","indexId":"70022040","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability of particle-associated Se to the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis","docAbstract":"Elemental selenium, Se(0), is a prevalent chemical form in sediments, but little is known about its bioavailability. We evaluated the bioavailability of two forms of Se(0) by generating radioisotopic 75Se(0) through bacterial dissimilatory reduction of 75SeO32- by pure bacterial cultures (SES) and by an anaerobic sediment microbial consortium (SED). A third form was generated by reducing 75SeO32- with ascorbic acid (AA). Speciation determinations showed that AA and SES were >90% Se(0), but SED showed a mixture of Se(0), selenoanions, and a residual fraction. Pulse-chase techniques were used to measure assimilation efficiencies (AE) of these particulate Se forms by the bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis. Mean AE values were 3 ± 2% for AA, 7 ± 1% for SES, and 28 ± 15% for SED, showing that the bioavailability of reduced, particle-associated Se is dependent upon its origin. To determine if oxidative microbial processes increased Se transfer, SES 75Se(0) was incubated with an aerobic sediment microbial consortium. After 113 d of incubation, 36% of SES Se(0) was oxidized to SeO32-. Assimilation of total particulate Se was unaffected however (mean AE = 5.5%). The mean AE from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was 58 ± 8%, verifying the importance of Se associated with biogenic particles. Speciation and AE results from SED suggest that selenoanion reduction in wetlands and estuaries produces biologically available reduced selenium.
Land disposal of sewage effluent resulted in contamination of a sand and gravel aquifer (Cape Cod, Massachusetts) with zinc (Zn). The distribution of Zn was controlled by pH‐dependent adsorption; the Zn extended 15 m into the 30‐m‐thick sewage plume within approximately 100 m of the source but only 2–4 m into the plume between 100 and 400 m downgradient. A two‐dimensional vertical cross section model coupling groundwater flow with solute transport and equilibrium adsorption is used to simulate the influence of pH on Zn transport. Adsorption is described using semiempirical surface complexation models (SCM) by writing chemical reactions between dissolved Zn and mineral surface sites. SCM parameters were determined in independent laboratory experiments. A 59‐year simulation with a one‐site SCM describes the influence of pH on Zn transport well, with greater mobility at the low pH values near the upper sewage plume boundary than at the higher pH values deeper in the sewage‐contaminated zone. Simulation with a two‐site SCM describes both the sharpness and approximate location of the leading edge of the Zn‐contaminated region. Temporal variations in pH of incoming groundwater can result in large increases in Zn concentration and mobility. The influence of spatial and temporal variability in pH on adsorption and transport of Zn was accomplished much more easily with the semiempirical SCM approach than could be achieved with distribution coefficients or adsorption isotherms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2000WR900244","usgsCitation":"Kent, D., Abrams, R., Davis, J., Coston, J., and LeBlanc, D., 2000, Modeling the influence of variable pH on the transport of zinc in a contaminated aquifer using semiempirical surface complexation models: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3411-3425, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900244.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3411","endPage":"3425","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c49e4b0c8380cd6fb83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, R.H.","contributorId":48325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022152,"text":"70022152 - 2000 - Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T06:10:15","indexId":"70022152","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2149,"text":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples","docAbstract":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data from surface water reconnaissance were compared to data from samples analyzed by gas chromatography for the pesticide residues cyanazine (2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-l,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile ) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide). When ELISA analyses were duplicated, cyanazine and metolachlor detection was found to have highly reproducible results; adjusted R2s were 0.97 and 0.94, respectively. When ELISA results for cyanazine were regressed against gas chromatography results, the models effectively predicted cyanazine concentrations from ELISA analyses (adjusted R2s ranging from 0.76 to 0.81). The intercepts and slopes for these models were not different from 0 and 1, respectively. This indicates that cyanazine analysis by ELISA is expected to give the same results as analysis by gas chromatography. However, regressing ELISA analyses for metolachlor against gas chromatography data provided more variable results (adjusted R2s ranged from 0.67 to 0.94). Regression models for metolachlor analyses had two of three intercepts that were not different from 0. Slopes for all metolachlor regression models were significantly different from 1. This indicates that as metolachlor concentrations increase, ELISA will over- or under-estimate metolachlor concentration, depending on the method of comparison. ELISA can be effectively used to detect cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples. However, when detections of metolachlor have significant consequences or implications it may be necessary to use other analytical methods.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/jf991130y","issn":"00218561","usgsCitation":"Schraer, S., Shaw, D., Boyette, M., Coupe, R., and Thurman, E., 2000, Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas chromatography procedures for the detection of cyanazine and metolachlor in surface water samples: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v. 48, no. 12, p. 5881-5886, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991130y.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5881","endPage":"5886","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206623,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf991130y"}],"volume":"48","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-11-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85ee4b0c8380cd4d06c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schraer, S.M.","contributorId":59975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schraer","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, D.R.","contributorId":12041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyette, M.","contributorId":14142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyette","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022169,"text":"70022169 - 2000 - Fractionation of selenium isotopes during bacterial respiratory reduction of selenium oxyanions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T08:49:02","indexId":"70022169","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractionation of selenium isotopes during bacterial respiratory reduction of selenium oxyanions","docAbstract":"Reduction of selenium oxyanions by microorganisms is an important process in the biogeochemical cycling of selenium. Numerous bacteria can reduce Se oxyanions, which are used as electron acceptors during the oxidation of organic matter in anoxic environments. In this study, we used a double spike (82Se and 74Se) thermal ionization mass spectrometry technique to quantify the isotopic fractionation achieved by three different species of anaerobic bacteria capable of accomplishing growth by respiratory reduction of selenate [SeO42− or Se(VI)] or selenite [SeO32− or Se(IV)] to Se(IV) or elemental selenium [Se(0)] coupled with the oxidation of lactate. Isotopic discrimination in these closed system experiments was evaluated by Rayleigh fractionation equations and numerical models. Growing cultures of Bacillus selenitireducens, a haloalkaliphile capable of growth using Se(IV) as an electron acceptor, induced a 80Se/76Se fractionation of −8.0 ± 0.4‰ (instantaneous ϵ value) during reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0). With Bacillus arsenicoselenatis, a haloalkaliphile capable of growth using Se(VI) as an electron acceptor, fractionations of −5.0 ± 0.5‰ and −6.0 ± 1.0‰ were observed for reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0), respectively. In growing cultures of Sulfurospirillum barnesii, a freshwater species capable of growth using Se(VI), fractionation was small initially, but near the end of the log growth phase, it increased to −4.0 ± 1.0‰ and −8.4 ± 0.4‰ for reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and reduction of Se(IV) to Se(0), respectively. Washed cell suspensions of S. barnesii induced fractionations of −1.1 ± 0.4‰ during Se(VI) reduction, and −9.1 ± 0.5% for Se(IV) reduction, with some evidence for smaller values (e.g., −1.7‰) in the earliest-formed Se(0) results. These results demonstrate that dissimilatory reduction of selenate or selenite induces significant isotopic fractionation, and suggest that significant Se isotope ratio variation will be found in nature.
As part of the effort to restore the ∼10 000-km2 Everglades drainage in southern Florida, USA, we developed spatially explicit species index (SESI) models of a number of species and species groups. In this paper we describe the methodology and results of three such models: those for the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow and the Snail Kite, and the species group model of long-legged wading birds. SESI models are designed to produce relative comparisons of one management alternative to a base scenario or to another alternative. The model outputs do not provide an exact quantitative prediction of future biotic group responses, but rather, when applying the same input data and different hydrologic plans, the models provide the best available means to compare the relative response of the biotic groups. We compared four alternative hydrologic management scenarios to a base scenario (i.e., predicted conditions assuming that current water management practices continue). We ranked the results of the comparisons for each set of models. No one scenario was beneficial to all species; however, they provide a uniform assessment, based on the best available observational information, of relative species responses to alternative water-management plans. As such, these models were used extensively in the restoration planning.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Curnutt, J.L., Comiskey, J., Nott, M., and Gross, L., 2000, Landscape-based spatially explicit species index models for everglades restoration: Ecological Applications, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1849-1860, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[1849:LBSESI]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1849","endPage":"1860","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230666,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Cypress National Preserve, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.38534545898438,\n 26.257704515406648\n ],\n [\n -81.38259887695312,\n 26.236765673594668\n ],\n [\n -81.43341064453125,\n 26.237997474610452\n ],\n [\n -81.43203735351562,\n 26.2145910237943\n ],\n [\n -81.55288696289062,\n 26.204734267107604\n ],\n [\n -81.61056518554688,\n 26.199805575765804\n ],\n [\n -81.72317504882812,\n 26.168996529230178\n ],\n [\n -81.72317504882812,\n 25.888878582127084\n ],\n [\n -81.67373657226562,\n 25.830797170738858\n ],\n [\n -81.64764404296875,\n 25.88393659458397\n ],\n [\n -81.48422241210938,\n 25.80112757645447\n ],\n [\n -81.3702392578125,\n 25.697225529877763\n ],\n [\n -81.27273559570311,\n 25.62914524992192\n ],\n [\n -81.221923828125,\n 25.507742380531404\n ],\n [\n -81.15600585937499,\n 25.37256835379414\n ],\n [\n -81.18621826171875,\n 25.224820176765036\n ],\n [\n -81.15188598632812,\n 25.152743274854956\n ],\n [\n -81.09695434570312,\n 25.10798445491342\n ],\n [\n -80.71792602539062,\n 25.111714982906328\n ],\n [\n -80.48721313476562,\n 25.191272441616\n ],\n [\n -80.43777465820312,\n 25.25960064916269\n ],\n [\n -80.44464111328125,\n 25.29437116258816\n ],\n [\n -80.57098388671874,\n 25.2918878849706\n ],\n [\n -80.56549072265625,\n 25.41722976060518\n ],\n [\n -80.54489135742188,\n 25.575891798572776\n ],\n [\n -80.4803466796875,\n 25.667522551344298\n ],\n [\n -80.48446655273438,\n 25.890114046690094\n ],\n [\n -80.43090820312499,\n 25.94816628853973\n ],\n [\n -80.43365478515625,\n 26.10612083235552\n ],\n [\n -80.44326782226562,\n 26.145576207592274\n ],\n [\n -80.34576416015625,\n 26.12091815959972\n ],\n [\n -80.34439086914062,\n 26.144343428856374\n ],\n [\n -80.29220581054688,\n 26.1899475672235\n ],\n [\n -80.28945922851562,\n 26.351267272877074\n ],\n [\n -80.24139404296875,\n 26.341422119377988\n ],\n [\n -80.20156860351562,\n 26.48532391504829\n ],\n [\n -80.20706176757812,\n 26.518506504902675\n ],\n [\n -80.23040771484375,\n 26.583614813585854\n ],\n [\n -80.29632568359375,\n 26.686729520004036\n ],\n [\n -80.44876098632812,\n 26.681821407205977\n ],\n [\n -80.46798706054688,\n 26.517277690994334\n ],\n [\n -80.49819946289062,\n 26.39925039312297\n ],\n [\n -80.58609008789062,\n 26.395560091430248\n ],\n [\n -80.65750122070312,\n 26.493927728762568\n ],\n [\n -80.80581665039062,\n 26.496385842983383\n ],\n [\n -80.8538818359375,\n 26.480407161007275\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 26.466885003671486\n ],\n [\n -80.98434448242186,\n 26.436146919246013\n ],\n [\n -80.9857177734375,\n 26.261399213411483\n ],\n [\n -81.38534545898438,\n 26.257704515406648\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a441fe4b0c8380cd6689d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curnutt, J. L.","contributorId":97845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Curnutt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comiskey, J.","contributorId":54758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comiskey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nott, M.P.","contributorId":78677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, L.J.","contributorId":65030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022202,"text":"70022202 - 2000 - Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:46","indexId":"70022202","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data","docAbstract":"Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (A(s)) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [ln(A(s)/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.Topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data are compared for 50 locations representing varied terrain in the conterminous USA. The topographic characteristics are three parameters used extensively in hydrological research and modelling - slope (S), specific catchment area (As) and a wetness index computed as the logarithm of the specific catchment area divided by slope [In(As/S)]. Slope values computed from 1000-m DEMs are smaller than those computed from 100-m DEMs; specific catchment area and the wetness index are larger for the 1000-m DEMs compared with the 100-m DEMs. Most of the differences between the 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs can be attributed to terrain-discretization effects in the computation of the topographic characteristics and are not the result of smoothing or loss of terrain detail in the coarse data. In general, the terrain-discretization effects are greatest on flat terrain with long length-scale features, and the smoothing effects are greatest on steep terrain with short length-scale features. For the most part, the differences in the average values of the topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution DEMs are predictable; that is, biases in the mean values for the characteristics computed from a 1000-m DEM can be corrected with simple linear equations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 2000, Differences in topographic characteristics computed from 100- and 1000-m resolution digital elevation model data: Hydrological Processes, v. 14, no. 6, p. 987-1002, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A.","startPage":"987","endPage":"1002","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479339,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::aid-hyp980>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206642,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000430)14:6<987::AID-HYP980>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"id":230446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00f2e4b0c8380cd4f9e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70022211,"text":"70022211 - 2000 - Spatial and temporal variability of picocyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T06:52:14","indexId":"70022211","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of picocyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"We collected samples monthly, from April to August 1998, to measure the abundance of autotrophic picoplankton in San Francisco Bay. Samples taken along a 160-km transect showed that picocyanobacteria (Synechococcus sp.) was a persistent component of the San Francisco Bay phytoplankton in all the estuarine habitats, from freshwater to seawater and during all months of the spring-summer transition. Abundance ranged from 4.6 X 106 to 5.2 X 108 cells L-1, with peak abundance during the spring bloom (April and May) and during July with a persistent spatial pattern of smallest abundance near the coastal ocean and highest abundance in the landward domains of the estuary. The picocyanobacterial component (as estimated percentage of chlorophyll a concentration) was, on average, 15% of total phytoplankton biomass during the summer-autumn nonbloom periods and only 2% of chlorophyll biomass during the spring bloom. This result is consistent with the emerging concept of a gradient of increasing importance of picocyanobacteria along the gradient of decreasing nutrient concentrations from estuaries to the open ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0695","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Ning, X., Cloern, J., and Cole, B., 2000, Spatial and temporal variability of picocyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. in San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 45, no. 3, p. 695-702, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2000.45.3.0695.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"702","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9452e4b08c986b31a9e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ning, X.","contributorId":88116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ning","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. 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A van-mounted, pulsed doppler (10GHz) radar collected surface-velocity data across the 183-m wide Skagit River, Washington at a USGS streamgaging station using Bragg scattering from short waves produced by turbulent boils on the surface of the river. Surface velocities were converted to mean velocities for 25 sub-sections by assuming a normal open-channel velocity profile (surface velocity times 0.85). Channel cross-sectional area was measured using a 100 MHz ground-penetrating radar antenna suspended from a cableway car over the river. Seven acoustic doppler current profiler discharge measurements and a conventional current-meter discharge measurement were also made. Three non-contact discharge measurements completed in about a 1-hour period were within 1 % of the gaging station rating curve discharge values. With further refinements, it is thought that open-channel flow can be measured reliably by non-contact methods.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/1999GL006087","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., Spicer, K., Cheng, R.T., Haeni, F., Melcher, N., Thurman, E., Plant, W., and Keller, W., 2000, Measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A proof-of-concept experiment: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 4, p. 553-556, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL006087.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479231,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl006087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5350e4b0c8380cd6c9c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. 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Only at the deepest site (580 m), where pore water sulfide concentrations rise to >0.1 μM right below the sediment water interface, was there active authigenic Mo formation. At shallower sites (550, 430, and 340 m), where pore water sulfide concentrations were consistently <0.05 μM, Mo precipitation was not occurring at the time of sampling. A sulfide concentration of ∼0.1 μM appears to be a threshold for the onset of Mo-Fe-S co-precipitation. A second threshold sulfide concentration of ∼100 μM is required for Mo precipitation without Fe, possibly as Mo-S or as particle-bound Mo.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Zheng, Y., Anderson, R.F., VanGeen, A., and Kuwabara, J., 2000, Authigenic molybdenum formation in marine sediments: A link to pore water sulfide in the Santa Barbara Basin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 64, no. 24, p. 4165-4178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4165","endPage":"4178","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206646,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00495-6"}],"volume":"64","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eeede4b0c8380cd4a039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zheng, Yen","contributorId":80842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert F.","contributorId":14139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.","contributorId":17783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70022285,"text":"70022285 - 2000 - Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-03T10:53:36","indexId":"70022285","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA)","docAbstract":"Benthic oxygen uptake and nutrient releases of N, P and Si were measured weekly at 2 sites in South San Francisco Bay around the 1996 spring bloom. Exchanges across the sediment-water interface were estimated from whole core incubations performed in the laboratory at in situ temperature and in dark. Fluxes changed significantly on a weekly time scale. Over a period of 15 wk the fluxes of dissolved inorganic N, P and Si ranged from -40 to +200, 0 to 13 and from 30 to 400 µmol m-2 h-1 respectively. Sediment oxygen demand increased from 10 before to 64 mg O2 m-2 h-1 just after the bloom period. During the bloom, nutrient fluxes represented about 20, 16 and 9% of the Si, P and N requirements for primary production. Before and after the bloom period, Si fluxes contributed up to 30 and >100% of this requirement and P and N fluxes up to 15 and 50% respectively. Simple empirical models explain most of the spatial-temporal variability of benthic fluxes of Si, P and NH4 (but not NO3) from 3 predictor variables: sediment porosity, nutrient concentration in bottom waters and chlorophyll content of surficial sediments. These models show that algal blooms influence benthic-pelagic nutrient exchange through 2 processes: (1) depletion of nutrients from the water column (which enhances gradient-driven transports across the sediment-water interface) and (2) sedimentation of labile phytodetritus (which promotes remineralization in or on the surficial sediments). Rates and patterns of nutrient cycling were very different at the shallow and deep study sites, illustrating the challenge of extrapolating measurements of coupled algae-nutrient dynamics to whole ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps197067","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Grenz, C., Cloern, J., Hager, S., and Cole, B., 2000, Dynamics of nutrient cycling and related benthic nutrient and oxygen fluxes during a spring phytoplankton bloom in South San Francisco Bay (USA): Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 197, p. 67-80, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479332,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps197067","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"197","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0435e4b0c8380cd5085b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grenz, C.","contributorId":40753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grenz","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}