{"pageNumber":"363","pageRowStart":"9050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10957,"records":[{"id":38159,"text":"ofr81423 - 1981 - Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-03T11:54:45.501973","indexId":"ofr81423","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-423","title":"Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81423","usgsCitation":"Wangsness, D.J., 1981, Hydrology of Area 33, eastern region, Interior Coal Province, Indiana and Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-423, v, 149 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81423.","productDescription":"v, 149 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":97383,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":165692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0423/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":388818,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12032.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Kentucky","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              37.3230\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3230,\n              37.3230\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.3230,\n              38.3640\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              38.3640\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.7060,\n              37.3230\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db602059","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":40231,"text":"ofr81760 - 1981 - Complete Bouguer gravity map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-16T23:25:32.870595","indexId":"ofr81760","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-760","title":"Complete Bouguer gravity map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81760","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., and Kucks, R., 1981, Complete Bouguer gravity map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-760, 1 Plate: 34.51 × 29.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81760.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 34.51 × 29.06 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393037,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12155.htm"},{"id":71002,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0760/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"southern Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.5,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a836d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":42131,"text":"ofr81759 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-17T19:50:30.256618","indexId":"ofr81759","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-759","title":"Aeromagnetic map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81759","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., and Kucks, R., 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the southern Black Hills: Parts of southwestern South Dakota and eastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-759, 1 Plate: 24.18 × 29.72 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81759.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 24.18 × 29.72 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":79864,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0759/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":392160,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12154.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.833,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.833,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              44.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.5,\n              43\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b696","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27826,"text":"wri8153 - 1981 - Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-04T18:05:32.65912","indexId":"wri8153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-53","title":"Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana","docAbstract":"<p><span>A 3-year study in northwest Elkhart County, Indiana, was done to (1) de-</span><span>fine the general flow and quality of water in the outwash aquifer system, (2) </span><span>determine if a well field proposed for a site at the Elkhart Municipal </span><span>Airport would draw leachate from the Himco landfill, and (3) define the areal </span><span>extent of the ground water affected by the landfill and an east-side indus</span><span>trial-park area.</span></p><p><span>The outwash aquifers are mainly composed of sand and gravel and are separated by a silt and clay bed. The saturated thickness of these deposits averages 175 feet and ranges from 85 to 500 feet. Where present, the silt and clay bed confines the underlying aquifer. The confining bed is absent in the area underlying the landfill and part of the airport. Average hydraulic conductivities of the sand, and the sand and gravel, are 80 and 400 feet per day, respectively. Regional ground-water flow is toward the St. Joseph River.</span></p><p><span>A quasi-three-dimensional ground-water flow model, calibrated to match measured water levels and river seepages, was used to simulate proposed pumpings in the airport area. Drawdowns for simulated pumpings of 7.5-, 10-, and 20-million gallons per day were small percentages of the saturated thick-nesses of the unconfined aquifer underlying the airport area. Model-simulated streamflow reductions in Christiana Creek for these pumpings were 9, 12, and 23 percent of base flow, respectively. The model-simulated, steady-state water-level maps for the 7.5- and 10-million-gallons-per-day pumping experiments indicated that these pumpings would not draw water from the land-fill area to the pumping center at the airport. The simulated map for the 20-million-gallons-per-day pumping indicated that only a small part of the flow into the pumping center could come from the landfill area.</span></p><p><span>The general quality of ground water in the study area, defined by analy</span><span>ses of 68 water samples from 35 observation wells, included slightly basic pH </span><span>(7-8), average hardness greater than 200 milligrams per liter as calcium car</span><span>bonate, average alkalinity greater than 150 milligrams per liter as calcium </span><span>carbonate, and, in more than 90 percent of the analyses, a calcium bicarbon</span><span>ate water type.</span></p><p><span>Eight volatile organic compounds were detected in water from 8 of 19 wells sampled in the industrial-park area. The health-effects advisory limit for chronic exposure to trichloroethylene was exceeded in samples from six of these wells. Areally, the results did not define a plume or a source of the volatile organic compounds. </span></p><p><span>Concentrations of dissolved solids, bicarbonate, bromide, chloride, sulfate, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, and dis-solved organic carbon in the leachate were at least five times their back-ground concentrations. Concentrations of bromide and dissolved solids were the best indicators of leachate. Bromide concentrations plotted areally indicated that the landfill was the source of the leachate, the leachate plume extended between 3,100 and 5,600 feet downgradient from the landfill, and the plume had not spread laterally much farther than the original width of the landfill. Bromide and dissolved-solids concentrations plotted in cross section indicated that the leachate plume was sinking as it spread downgradient in the shallow unconfined aquifer and the leachate was present in deep wells under and immediately downgradient from the landfill. All chemical constituents were attenuated within approximately 1 mile downgradient from the landfill. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources and the Elkhart Water Works","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T., and Martin, A., 1981, Hydrologic and chemical evaluation of the ground-water resources of northwest Elkhart County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-53, ix, 140 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8153.","productDescription":"ix, 140 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380154,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0053/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.7704,41.4377],[-85.8874,41.4379],[-86.0008,41.4375],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6118d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 0000-0003-1716-4768 timbrig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1716-4768","contributorId":2466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imbrigiotta","given":"Thomas E.","email":"timbrig@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Angel Jr.","contributorId":42571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11760,"text":"ofr81944 - 1981 - Ground motion prediction and Eastern United States earthquake monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:36","indexId":"ofr81944","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-944","title":"Ground motion prediction and Eastern United States earthquake monitoring","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81944","usgsCitation":"Wu, F.T., 1981, Ground motion prediction and Eastern United States earthquake monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-944, 6 p.  :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81944.","productDescription":"6 p.  :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0944/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39641,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0944/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dc9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Francis T.","contributorId":102084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11558,"text":"ofr81821 - 1981 - Water-quality data for selected stations in the East Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-09T18:06:08.286706","indexId":"ofr81821","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-821","title":"Water-quality data for selected stations in the East Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The results of water-quality samples collected from April 1978 through April 1980 from three canal stations, four marsh stations, and two ground-water stations within the East Everglades, Dade County, Florida, are tabulated in 37 tables. The major categories of parameters analyzed are field measurements, physical characteristics, macronutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), major ions, trace elements, and algae.</p><p>Chemical data for bulk-precipitation stations within and adjacent to the East Everglades are also given. The parameters analyzed include macronutrients, major ions, and trace elements. The period of record for these stations is October 1977 through April 1980.</p><p>Bottom material at the canal and marsh stations was collected twice during the investigation. These data include analyses for macronutrients, trace elements, and chlorinated-hydrocarbon insecticides.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81821","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Dade County Planning Department","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., 1981, Water-quality data for selected stations in the East Everglades, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-821, vii, 77 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81821.","productDescription":"vii, 77 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":409267,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0821/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0821/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"East Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.364990234375,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.364990234375,\n              25.517657429994035\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              25.517657429994035\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.199951171875,\n              25.110471486223346\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e59b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26960,"text":"wri8129 - 1981 - Analysis of stream-aquifer system interrelationships in the Big Blue and Little Blue River basins in Gage and Jefferson Counties, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T13:01:49","indexId":"wri8129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-29","title":"Analysis of stream-aquifer system interrelationships in the Big Blue and Little Blue River basins in Gage and Jefferson Counties, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Seepage measurements made during the fall of 1978 at 21 sites in the Big Blue River basin and at 35 sites in the Little Blue River basin were used to determine stream gains or losses in 20 drainage areas in the Big Blue River basin and 31 drainage areas in the Little Blue River basin. Analyses of data from these seepage measurements and of available hydrogeologic data indicate that the most significant ground-water contributions to streamflow in the Big Blue and Little Blue River drainage basins in Gage and Jefferson Counties, Nebr., occur where a direct hydraulic connection exists between a stream and buried coarse-grained deposits of Quaternary age. These deposits occur in two buried bedrock valleys that trend east-northeasterly across the area.</p><p>The largest ground-water contributions to streamflow in the Big Blue River occur in the reaches of the river between the mouth of Mud Creek and the dam at Blue Springs (about 13 cubic feet per second) and between the mouth of Turkey Creek and the Beatrice gaging station (about 22 cubic feet per second). Ground-water contributions to streamflow also occur in two tributaries of the Big Blue River: Bear Creek (4.39 cubic feet per second) and Big Indian Creek (6.23 cubic feet per second). In the Little Blue River basin the largest contributions to streamflow occur between the mouths of Big Sandy and Little Sandy Creeks (about 6.5 cubic feet per second) and in the vicinity of Fairbury (about 16 cubic feet per second). A ground-water contribution to streamflow of about 6.5 cubic feet per second also occurs in Rose Creek, a tributary of the Little Blue River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri8129","usgsCitation":"Ellis, M.J., 1981, Analysis of stream-aquifer system interrelationships in the Big Blue and Little Blue River basins in Gage and Jefferson Counties, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-29, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8129.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":356327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1981/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Gage County, Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-96.4638,40.5227],[-96.4627,40.3502],[-96.4634,40.2626],[-96.4636,40.0026],[-96.4672,40.0026],[-96.8067,40.0022],[-96.9184,40.0023],[-97.0012,40.0025],[-97.3338,40.0034],[-97.3687,40.0035],[-97.3711,40.0035],[-97.3686,40.3514],[-97.254,40.3503],[-96.916,40.3503],[-96.9136,40.3502],[-96.9122,40.5226],[-96.7966,40.5229],[-96.5709,40.5233],[-96.4638,40.5227]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gage\",\"state\":\"NE\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6801d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11527,"text":"ofr81134 - 1981 - Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T19:21:56.109758","indexId":"ofr81134","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-134","title":"Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geologic reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, which include parts of the Brady-Hazen and the Stillwater-Soda Lake Known Geothermal Resource Areas, during June-December 1975, resulted in a reinterpretation of the nature and location of some Basin and Range faults. In addition, the late Cenozoic stratigraphy has been modified, chiefly on the basis of radiometric dates of volcanic rocks by U.S. Geological Survey personnel and others. The Hot Springs Mountains are in the western part of the Basin and Range province, which is characterized by east-west crustal extension and associated normal faulting. In the surrounding Trinity, West Humboldt, Stillwater, and Desert Mountains, Cenozoic rocks overlie ' basement ' rocks of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. A similar relation is inferred in the Hot Springs Mountains. Folding and faulting have taken place from the late Tertiary to the present. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81134","usgsCitation":"Voegtly, N.E., 1981, Reconnaissance of the Hot Springs Mountains and adjacent areas, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-134, Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81134.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 10 p.; 1 Plate: 24.24 × 33.28 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389495,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75406.htm"},{"id":39390,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146380,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0134/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Churchill County","otherGeospatial":"Hot Springs Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              39.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.9167\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1628,\n              39.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voegtly, Nickolas E.","contributorId":18004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voegtly","given":"Nickolas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11441,"text":"ofr81681 - 1981 - Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:33","indexId":"ofr81681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-681","title":"Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida","docAbstract":"The predevelopment steady-state ground-water flow system for 13 ,700 square miles of the Tertiary limestone aquifer system (known as the Florida aquifer in Florida) in east-central Florida is simulated by means of a digital computer model. The model results indicate that about 1,900 cubic feet per second recharges the aquifer as downward leakage from the surficial aquifer. The average recharge rate where recharge actually occurs (approximately 6,550 square miles) is about 4 inches per year. The maximum recharge rate is about 14 inches per year. An additional 21 cubic feet per second is recharged to the modeled area of the aquifer by means of lateral boundary inflow along the northeast boundary. The Floridan aquifer system, as simulated, discharges 1,300 cubic feet per second as springflow, 540 cubic feet per second as diffuse upward leakage to the surficial aquifer in an area of approximately 7,150 square miles and 81 cubic feet per second as lateral boundary outflow to the southwest and to the east. The average transmissivity of the upper unit of the aquifer, as simulated, is about 120,000 square feet per day while that for the lower unit is about 60,000 square feet per day. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81681","usgsCitation":"Tibbals, C.H., 1981, Computer simulation of the steady-state flow system of the Tertiary limestone (Floridan) aquifer system in east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-681, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81681.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39290,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39291,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39292,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39293,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39294,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39295,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39296,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39297,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39298,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0681/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tibbals, C. H.","contributorId":76316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbals","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11414,"text":"ofr81221 - 1981 - Petrology and petrography for USGS test wells 1, 2, and 3 in the Madison Limestone in Montana and Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11414,"text":"ofr81221 - 1981 - Petrology and petrography for USGS test wells 1, 2, and 3 in the Madison Limestone in Montana and Wyoming","indexId":"ofr81221","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Petrology and petrography for USGS test wells 1, 2, and 3 in the Madison Limestone in Montana and Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38581,"text":"pp1273C - 1983 - Relationship of porosity and permeability to petrology of the Madison Limestone in rock cores from three test wells in Montana and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273C","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Relationship of porosity and permeability to petrology of the Madison Limestone in rock cores from three test wells in Montana and Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38581,"text":"pp1273C - 1983 - Relationship of porosity and permeability to petrology of the Madison Limestone in rock cores from three test wells in Montana and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273C","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Relationship of porosity and permeability to petrology of the Madison Limestone in rock cores from three test wells in Montana and Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:52:52.712123","indexId":"ofr81221","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-221","title":"Petrology and petrography for USGS test wells 1, 2, and 3 in the Madison Limestone in Montana and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The need for large quantities of energy has created interest in the Fort Union coal region of the Northern Great Plains. Extensive development of this coal, which may include on-site steam-power generation, gasification, liquefaction, and slurry-pipeline transport of the coal out of the region, would place a heavy demand on the region's limited streamflow. Paleozoic rocks that underlie the Fort Union coal region might supply, at least on a temporary basis, a significant part of the water required for coal development.</p><p>Paleozoic rocks in the Northern Great Plains are related to the geologic history of the western border of the stable interior of the continent. The central part of the continental interior (Paleozoic craton) was made up of a stable core, the Canadian shield. To the west of the Canadian shield, the broad western flank of the Paleozoic craton made up the Cordilleran shelf, which is the site of the shallow-water marine rocks described in this report. The area of study covers approximately 200,000 square miles, and includes eastern Montana, western North Dakota and South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska.</p><p>The Madison Limestone, or Group, where it is divided, consists of a lower argillaceous limestone (Lodgepole Limestone); a middle unit of fossiliferous carbonate rock (Mission Canyon Limestone); and an upper unit of anhydrite, halite, and interbedded carbonate rock and shale (Charles Formation). The total section is made up of numerous cyclic, marker-defined units. The Madison Limestone was subdivided into units bounded by \"marker beds\" that consist of thin and widespread shaly carbonate or dark shale recognizable in the subsurface on geophysical logs. The five marker beds used for regional correlation purposes are as follows: M-1 represents the base of the Madison Limestone; M-3 is near the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary; M-7 and M-8.5 fall within the Osagean; and M-12 is near the Osagean-Meramecian boundary. The top of the Madison Limestone is the Mc marker.</p><p>Petrology and petrography of the Madison Limestone and associated rocks were studied from cores taken in three test wells of the U.S. Geological Survey. Six major rock types are recognized within cored intervals of the three test wells. Dolomite forms two-thirds of the total and limestone about 20 percent. The remainder consists of anhydrite, carbonate breccia, carbonate mudstone, and chert.</p><p>Crystalline dolomite is the only abundant rock type in wells 1, 2, and 3 that has high enough porosity and permeability to provide significant yields of water. Crystalline dolomites not associated with evaporites may have formed by some sort of meteoric water-sea water mixing process in the subsurface shoreline environment by recrystallization of mud-rich limestones.</p><p>Porosity and permeability values of all cored intervals of the Madison Limestone were determined. Mean porosity for the Madison Limestone is 8.4 percent, and mean permeability is 15.8 millidarcies. Because the Madison Limestone is relatively heterogeneous, permeability has a wide range in value.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81221","usgsCitation":"Thayer, P.A., 1981, Petrology and petrography for USGS test wells 1, 2, and 3 in the Madison Limestone in Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-221, Report: x, 84 p.; 4 Plates: 28.98 x 23.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81221.","productDescription":"Report: x, 84 p.; 4 Plates: 28.98 x 23.73 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408931,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408930,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408929,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408928,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/table-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408927,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0221/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            -115.9565806014428,\n            48.9449556800663\n          ],\n          [\n            -111.20738432075103,\n            44.97929318882015\n          ],\n          [\n            -110.97684622373171,\n            41.12861926671309\n          ],\n          [\n            -104.00472267253053,\n            41.063045800199916\n          ],\n          [\n            -104.13876253224075,\n            48.95619419309949\n          ],\n          [\n            -116.10650743322898,\n            48.8849856456261\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"LineString\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db687699","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thayer, Paul A.","contributorId":25030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thayer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11397,"text":"ofr811119 - 1981 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","indexId":"ofr811119","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2788,"text":"wsp2217 - 1985 - Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu","indexId":"wsp2217","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-31T19:13:36.651229","indexId":"ofr811119","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-1119","title":"Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water reservoirs impounded by volcanic dikes receive a substantial part of the total recharge to ground water on the island of Oahu because they generally underlie the rainiest areas. They accumulate the infiltration from rainfall, store it temporarily, and steadily leak it to abutting basal reservoirs or to streams cutting into them. The dike reservoirs have high hydraulic heads and are mostly isolated from saline water.</p><p>The most important and productive of the dike-impounded reservoirs occur in an area of about 135 square miles in the main fissure zone of the Koolau volcano where the top of the dike-impounded water reaches an altitude of at least 1,000 feet. Water is impounded and stored both above and below sea level. The water stored above sea level in the area of about 135 square miles has been roughly estimated at 560 billion gallons by using a mean water level of 400 feet and a mean specific yield of 0.05. In comparison, the water stored above sea level in reservoirs with a mean water level of 300 feet and mean specific yield of 0.03 underlying a dike-intruded area of about 53 square miles in the Waianae Range has been roughly estimated at 100 billion gallons. Storage below sea level is indeterminable, owing to uncertainties in the ability of the rock to store water resulting from increasing dike density and decreasing porosity.</p><p>Total leakage from storage in the WaLanae Range has not been estimated because underflow is difficult to determine. Much of the surface leakage, about 4 Mgal/d in the upper parts of Waianae, Makaha, and Lualualei Valleys, has been diverted by tunnels. Hence, supplies available, other than surface leakage, cannot be estimated from the discharge end of the hydrologic cycle. Infiltration in the Waianae Range to dike-intruded reservoirs in the upper part of the valleys on the west (leeward) side has been estimated at about 20 Mgal/d, and on the east (windward) side, at about 10 Mgal/d. The available supply has been estimated at about 15 Mgal/d from the infiltration on the leeward side, of which about 4 Mgal/d is now being developed. No estimate has been made for the available supply on the windward side. Dike-intruded reservoirs at shallow depths west (lee side) of the crest are in upper Makaha, Waianae, and Lualualei Valleys. They are at moderate depths in upper Haleanu and in lower Kaukonahua Gulches on the east (windward) side.</p><p>Flow hydraulics in dike tunnels is also discussed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr811119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Board of Water Supply, City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K.J., and Mink, J., 1981, Evaluation of major dike-impounded ground-water reservoirs, Island of Oahu, with a section on flow hydraulics in dike tunnels in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1119, Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr811119.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 139 p.; 4 Plates: 24.35 x 19.31 inches or 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,{"id":11322,"text":"ofr81897 - 1981 - Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T20:56:37.089157","indexId":"ofr81897","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-897","title":"Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of this research is to collect and analyze data on earthquake activity in the northeast Gulf of Alaska (NEGOA) and adjacent onshore areas in order to develop a better regional seismotectonic model and more accurately assess the earthquake potential. This information is critical to the establishment of criteria for the safe development of oil and gas. Large (M<sub>s</sub>&gt; 7) historical earthquakes have occurred in and around the NEGOA, and recent studies suggest that the NEGOA is a likely site for a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake to occur within the next two or three decades. A great earthquake (Ms&gt;8) associated with low-angle oblique underthrusting of the sea floor beneath continental shelf could be accompanied by strong ground shaking throughout much of the eastern Gulf of Alaska, possibly from Cross Sound to Kayak Island (Page, 1975), and could trigger tsunamis, seiches, and submarine slumping, any of which could be hazardous to offshore and coastal structures (Meyers, 1976).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81897","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C.D., Lahr, J.C., and Rogers, J.A., 1981, Eastern Gulf of Alaska seismicity: Annual report to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for April 1, 1980, through March 31, 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-897, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81897.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420276,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0897/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12199.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"eastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              58\n            ],\n            [\n              -134,\n              62\n            ],\n            [\n              -148,\n              62\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6281a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Christopher D. 0000-0003-0858-3709 cdstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-3709","contributorId":2788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Christopher","email":"cdstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lahr, John C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, John A.","contributorId":82704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":11308,"text":"ofr81812 - 1981 - Quality of surface water in the coal-mining areas of western Maryland and adjacent areas of Pennsylvania and West Virginia from April 1979 to June 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-07T22:29:13.498675","indexId":"ofr81812","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-812","title":"Quality of surface water in the coal-mining areas of western Maryland and adjacent areas of Pennsylvania and West Virginia from April 1979 to June 1980","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey is studying the water quality of streams within the Eastern Coal Province. This report contains streamflow, water-quality, and biologic data collected in the North Branch Potomac River basin and in the Maryland portion of the Youghiogheny and Casselman River basins. Data collected from 64 streams from April 1979 to June 1980 are presented in tables. Other sources of hydrologic information within the study area are also described in the report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81812","usgsCitation":"Staubitz, W., 1981, Quality of surface water in the coal-mining areas of western Maryland and adjacent areas of Pennsylvania and West Virginia from April 1979 to June 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-812, iv, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81812.","productDescription":"iv, 103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0812/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":409212,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0812/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            -80.28969170041603,\n            41.89312615647518\n          ],\n          [\n            -82.50936322022069,\n            38.306922117041694\n          ],\n          [\n            -81.87319966505842,\n            37.311317980188036\n          ],\n          [\n            -80.48521218516676,\n            37.32781296260528\n          ],\n          [\n            -78.30298308186588,\n            39.16876312477416\n          ],\n          [\n            -76.40776015918033,\n            38.18999381427713\n          ],\n          [\n            -75.87887149040306,\n            39.99967118674675\n          ],\n          [\n            -75.08277036724041,\n            40.35794926140315\n          ],\n          [\n            -74.96065268678905,\n            41.64102498519725\n          ],\n          [\n            -75.35936924857612,\n            42.27100674103562\n          ],\n          [\n            -79.90219360799962,\n            42.118902705558185\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"LineString\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db654904","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staubitz, W. W.","contributorId":73209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staubitz","given":"W. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5847,"text":"pp1205 - 1981 - The Accotink Schist, Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation— Keys to an understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T19:06:43.500379","indexId":"pp1205","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1205","title":"The Accotink Schist, Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation— Keys to an understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont","docAbstract":"The newly named Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone of the Eastern Fairfax sequence are the structurally lowest metamorphic rocks in the northernmost Piedmont of Virginia. The Accotink consists of beds of pelitic schist that have thin basal intervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone, as well as interbeds of metasandstone like that in the overlying Lake Barcroft Metasandstone. The unit is characterized by the Bouma turbidite sequences Te and Tde and can be assigned to turbidite facies D and E. The thickness of the Accotink is not known because its base is not exposed. \r\n\r\nThe Accotink Schist grades up into the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, which consists of two types of metasandstone. Type I metaarenite is quartzofeldspathic granofels which forms thick sequences of amalgamated beds that can best be described as belonging to the Bouma turbidite sequence Ta and to turbidite facies B 2 . Type II metagraywacke of the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone consists of micaceous metagraywacke in thin to medium beds, which can be described as belonging to the Buoma turbidite sequences Tabe and (or) Tae and to turbidite facies C. The Lake Barcroft Metasandstone appears to be about 400 m thick. It and the Accotink Schist are thought to represent a coarsening-upward sequence of an outer submarine-fan association of rocks. \r\n\r\nThe Eastern Fairfax sequence is overlain by the Sykesville Formation. We believe that this contact is a movement surface upon which the Sykesville was emplaced by subaqueous sliding. The Sykesville contains isoclinally folded fragments, thought to be rip-ups, of Accotink and Lake Barcroft rocks. The Eastern Fairfax sequence is intruded by rocks of the Occoquan Granite batholith, which contains pendants of isoclinally folded schist and metagraywacke. Mter intrusion, the metasedimentary and plutonic rocks were folded together. Gamet and chlorite porphyroblasts within the Eastern Fairfax sequence appear to be related to the emplacement of the batholith. The minimum age of the Eastern Fairfax sequence is that of the Occoquan Granite batholith, currently thought to be about 560 m.y. The sequence, then, is considered to be of Early Cambrian age or older. The Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone have some lithic similarity to the Loch Raven Schist and Oella Formation of Crowley (1976) of the Baltimore area, but a correlation is very uncertain at this time. \r\n\r\nThe newly named Popes Head Formation overlies all other metasedimentary and transported meta-igneous rocks in northernmost Virginia west ofthe Occoquan Granite batholith and is intruded by the batholith. The Popes Head consists of a lower Old Mill Branch Metasiltstone Member and an upper Station Hills Phyllite Member. The Old Mill Branch consists largely of alternating coarser and finer grained strata that are mostly fine- to very fine grained, mineralogically quite mature graded metasiltstone, which can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tbde and (or) Tde, more rarely Tcde. The metasiltstone contains interbedded intervals in which both felsic and mafic metatuff contain pristine euhedral crystals of igneous minerals. We believe that the metatuff represents ash-fall deposits. The Old Mill Branch appears to be about 730 m thick. \r\n\r\nThe Old Mill Branch grades up into the Station Hills Phyllite Member, which consists of thin- to medium-bedded pelitic phyllite and smaller amounts of very fine grained metasiltstone. The metasiltstone beds are graded, and many phyllite beds appear to have basal in- tervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone. These beds can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tde. The Station Hills has intervals containing chlorite-rich phyllite, which probably represents mafic metatuff. No felsic metatuff has been recognized. The top of the Station Hills is not known, neither therefore, is its thickness. This unit appears to have a maximum thickness of about 300 m in northern","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1205","usgsCitation":"Drake, A., and Lyttle, P.T., 1981, The Accotink Schist, Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, and Popes Head Formation— Keys to an understanding of the tectonic evolution of the northern Virginia Piedmont: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1205, Report: iv, 16 p.; 12.50 × 26.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1205.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; 12.50 × 26.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104571,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4752.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4752"},{"id":32626,"rank":301,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32625,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1205/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1205/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.46185302734375,\n              38.494443887725055\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              38.494443887725055\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.069091796875,\n              38.97862765746913\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46185302734375,\n              38.97862765746913\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46185302734375,\n              38.494443887725055\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683669","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Avery Ala","contributorId":65460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Avery Ala","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyttle, Peter T. plyttle@usgs.gov","contributorId":293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyttle","given":"Peter","email":"plyttle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":151675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":11165,"text":"ofr81846 - 1981 - Colored gravity anomaly and terrain maps of the east-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:34","indexId":"ofr81846","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-846","title":"Colored gravity anomaly and terrain maps of the east-central United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr81846","usgsCitation":"Simpson, R.W., and Godson, R.H., 1981, Colored gravity anomaly and terrain maps of the east-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-846, 16 p.  :col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81846.","productDescription":"16 p.  :col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144753,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0846/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38933,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0846/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae839","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":162655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godson, Richard H.","contributorId":11190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":41885,"text":"ofr81629 - 1981 - Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":41885,"text":"ofr81629 - 1981 - Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","indexId":"ofr81629","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":45713,"text":"pp1273D - 1984 - Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and water temperature of the Madison Limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273D","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and water temperature of the Madison Limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":45713,"text":"pp1273D - 1984 - Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and water temperature of the Madison Limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","indexId":"pp1273D","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and water temperature of the Madison Limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T20:03:06.259558","indexId":"ofr81629","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-629","title":"Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The need for large quantities of energy has increased interest in the Fort Union coal region of the Northern Great Plains. Extensive coal development would place a heavy demand on the region's limited streamflow. Some Paleozoic rocks that underlie the Fort Union coal region might supply, at least on a temporary basis, a significant amount of the water required for coal development. This report provides information on ground-water resistivity, rock characteristics, and ground-water temperature, from which general inferences relating to water quality and flow direction may be drawn. The area of study covers approximately 200,000 square miles, and includes eastern Montana, western North Dakota and South Dakota, northeastern Wyoming, and northwestern Nebraska.</p><p>Borehole geophysical data and bottom-hole temperature data were used to determine porosity, apparent electrical resistivity of ground water (Rwa), and temperature of ground water for the Red River Formation (Ordovician), Interlake Formation (Uppermost Ordovician and Silurian), Duperow Formation (Upper Devonian), Birdbear Formation (Upper Devonian), and a chronostratigraphic interval within the Madison Limestone (Mississippian). Rwa indicates the areal distribution of fresh and salty water and the probable direction of water movement. Maps showing areal distribution of Rwa, rock porosity, and ground-water temperature were prepared for each formation.</p><p>Rwa values ranged from about 13 ohm-meters to 0.04 ohm-meter. The highest Rwa is in recharge areas, and the lowest, in the areas of dense brine in the Williston basin. The areas of brine are not centered in the deepest part of the basin, but are shifted to the east and south, apparently in response to hydraulic effects associated with the flow of less salty water around the brine and into overlying formations. The distribution of water of different quality, which controls Rwa, is governed by the flow system, which in turn is affected by proximity of geologic structures, by the distribution of rock types, and by porosity trends within the rocks.</p><p>Temperatures of ground water ranged from about 80°F to as much as 320°F. Generally, temperatures are lowest nearer the mountains and uplift areas and highest in the deeper parts of the basins. Temperature anomalies may be caused by geologic structures, thermal conductivity of overlying beds, and deeper than expected circulation of water in fractures related to intrusive igneous rocks. Thermal gradients ranged from 1.0°F/100 ft to 4.2°/100 ft.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr81629","usgsCitation":"MacCary, L., 1981, Apparent water resistivity, porosity, and ground-water temperature of the Madison limestone and underlying rocks in parts of Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-629, Report: viii, 36 p.; 21 Plates: 29.93 x 24.20 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81629.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 36 p.; 21 Plates: 29.93 x 24.20 inches or 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,{"id":43043,"text":"ofr80752 - 1981 - Shallow ground-water conditions and vegetation classification, central Volusia County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T17:43:20.818958","indexId":"ofr80752","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-752","title":"Shallow ground-water conditions and vegetation classification, central Volusia County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>In the early 1970's, the Volusia County Council recognized the need to develop new sources of freshwater for future growth and development. County Council, using data from the U.S. Geological Survey and private consultants, concluded that the central wetlands were an optimal area for well-field development. With this in mind, Volusia County requested that the State of Florida buy land in the central wetlands of Volusia County under the Land Conservation Act of 1972, hoping to protect both the environmentally endangered lands and a potential water resource. In 1974, the State acquired 7.28mi<sup>2&nbsp;</sup>within this area, and present (1979) plans to acquire and additional 3.33mi<sup>2</sup>. The State later became concerned that wetland protection may not be compatible with development of water resources due to the vegetation changes that might occur if shallow ground-water levels are lowered by producing well field. Consequently, because of mutual interest, the U.S. Geological Survey with the State entered into a program of documenting for future reference the vegetation in the State-owned land.</p><p>The purposes of this report and associated map (fig. 1) are (1) to document existing vegetation in approximately 140 mi<sup>2&nbsp;</sup><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\">in central Volusia County, and (2) to investigate natural water-level fluctuations in selected vegetative communities to the extent possible with relatively short-term data. The study area (fig. 2) is that part of the Talbot Terrace bounded on the east by Rima Ridge, to the west by De Land Ridge, to the north by State Road 40, and to the south by 28<span>°</span>57'.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80752","usgsCitation":"Simonds, E.P., McPherson, B.F., and Bush, P.W., 1981, Shallow ground-water conditions and vegetation classification, central Volusia County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-752, 1 Plate: 43.82 x 35.03 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80752.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 43.82 x 35.03 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":398844,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0752/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0752/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Volusia County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.61666666666666,28.5 ], [ -81.61666666666666,29.5 ], [ -80.66666666666667,29.5 ], [ -80.66666666666667,28.5 ], [ -81.61666666666666,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f41ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simonds, Edward P. Jr.","contributorId":79167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"Edward","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, Peter W.","contributorId":57820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31044,"text":"ofr8158 - 1981 - Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T22:20:28.567349","indexId":"ofr8158","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-58","title":"Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr8158","usgsCitation":"Hadley, R.F., Frickel, D., Shown, L., and Miller, R., 1981, Methodology for hydrologic evaluation of a potential surface mine: East Trail Creek Basin, Big Horn County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-58, Report: vi, 79 p.; 1 Plate: 31.00 x 20.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8158.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 79 p.; 1 Plate: 31.00 x 20.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412005,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12086.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59600,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":20106,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0058/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Big Horn County","otherGeospatial":"East Trail Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.119\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.023\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.209,\n              45.023\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.209,\n              45.119\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4370,\n              45.119\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629fc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hadley, R. F.","contributorId":27028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frickel, D. G.","contributorId":11213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frickel","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shown, L. M.","contributorId":43757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shown","given":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R.F.","contributorId":83882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207340,"text":"70207340 - 1981 - Hard mineral resources around the U.S continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T12:38:05","indexId":"70207340","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T12:31:20","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hard mineral resources around the U.S continental margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The territorial waters surrounding the United States contain vast quantities of hard mineral resources. Some, such as sand and gravel in the New York Bight, Beaufort Sea, portions of southern California, and submerged lands near Hawaii are relatively well known and characterized by local need and immediate mining potential with available technology. Commoditie of interest to industry and having nearterm economic potential that might require new or innovative technology, inlcude phosphorites such as those in the south eastern Atlantic margin, and manganese nodules on the Blake Plateau (which have potential for catalyst material, manganese, cobalt, nickel, and platinum). Commodities having significant potential, but which are poorly known and which may require innovative recovery technology, include chrome, gold, platinum, and tin placer deposits, with special emphasis on the continental margins of northern California, Oregon, Washington, and Alaska; rock salt and evaporite minerals in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic; titanium and other heavy minerals in the Atlantic continental margin, and calcium carbonate. A. U.S. Department of the Interior moratorium on offshore leasing in federal waters has existed since 1968. Leasing and regulatory systems will be required to begin commercial mining or intensive exploration of the above resources</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 1981","conferenceDate":"May 4-7, 1981","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F.T., and Hess, H., 1981, Hard mineral resources around the U.S continental margin, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, May 4-7, 1981, p. 129-134.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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,{"id":70221742,"text":"70221742 - 1981 - Facies changes in the Hatchetigbee Formation in Alabama-Georgia and the Wilcox-Claiborne Group unconformity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T15:55:06.305968","indexId":"70221742","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T10:51:17","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Facies changes in the Hatchetigbee Formation in Alabama-Georgia and the Wilcox-Claiborne Group unconformity","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Gibson, T.G., and Bybell, L.M., 1981, Facies changes in the Hatchetigbee Formation in Alabama-Georgia and the Wilcox-Claiborne Group unconformity: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 31, p. 301-306.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"306","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386901,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.91430664062499,\n              31.914867503276223\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.112060546875,\n              32.16631295696736\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.39770507812499,\n              32.602361666817515\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.529541015625,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              33.394759218577995\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.265625,\n              33.696922692957685\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.694091796875,\n              34.134541681937364\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.9248046875,\n              35.003003395276714\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.616455078125,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.099365234375,\n              34.994003757575776\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48388671874999,\n              31.87755764334002\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.41796875,\n              30.315987718557867\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.528076171875,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42919921875,\n              30.391830328088137\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.418212890625,\n              30.62845887475364\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.615966796875,\n              30.86451022625836\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.57202148437499,\n              31.024694128525137\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.01220703125,\n              31.090574094954192\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.814453125,\n              30.704058230919504\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.19970703125,\n              30.56226095049944\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.11181640625,\n              30.35391637229704\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.990966796875,\n              30.72294882477251\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.968994140625,\n              30.817346256492073\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              30.713503990354965\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibson, T. G.","contributorId":260729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":818600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186542,"text":"70186542 - 1981 - Proterozoic zircon from augen gneiss, Yukon-Tanana Upland, east-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T15:32:41.221491","indexId":"70186542","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proterozoic zircon from augen gneiss, Yukon-Tanana Upland, east-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>U-Th-Pb analyses of zircons from an ortho-augen gneiss body in the Yukon-Tanana Upland of east-central Alaska yield strong evidence for the presence of early Proterozoic material in this area. U-Pb data define a chord that intersects concordia at about 2,300 and 345 m.y. We consider two interpretations: (1) the protolith was intruded during the Proterozoic and was subsequently metamorphosed in the Paleozoic or, more likely, (2) the protolith was intruded in the Paleozoic and incorporated material of Proterozoic age. An Sm-Nd model age of about 1,900 m.y. on a whole-rock sample of augen gneiss is additional evidence for the presence of Proterozoic material in the gneiss. K-Ar and U-Th-Pb dating of mica and sphene, respectively, reveal that younger thermal events occurred at least as recently as 110 m.y. ago.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<469:PZFAGY>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aleinikoff, J.N., Dusel-Bacon, C., Foster, H.L., and Futa, K., 1981, Proterozoic zircon from augen gneiss, Yukon-Tanana Upland, east-central Alaska: Geology, v. 9, no. 10, p. 469-473, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<469:PZFAGY>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"473","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Tanana Upland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.02027601699135,\n              66.3079185928409\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.02027601699135,\n              63.24952491845639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.99256333560837,\n              63.24952491845639\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.99256333560837,\n              66.3079185928409\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.02027601699135,\n              66.3079185928409\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60286e4b09da6799ac6f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia 0000-0001-8481-739X cdusel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-739X","contributorId":2797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusel-Bacon","given":"Cynthia","email":"cdusel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foster, Helen L.","contributorId":56195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Futa, Kiyoto 0000-0001-8649-7510 kfuta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8649-7510","contributorId":619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Futa","given":"Kiyoto","email":"kfuta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70188941,"text":"70188941 - 1981 - Radiometric and paleomagnetic evidence for the Emperor reversed polarity event at 0.46 ± 0.05 M.Y. in basalt lava flows from the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:26:00","indexId":"70188941","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiometric and paleomagnetic evidence for the Emperor reversed polarity event at 0.46 ± 0.05 M.Y. in basalt lava flows from the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>K-Ar and paleomagnetic data from cores through a sequence of basalt flows in the eastern Snake River Plain provide evidence for a brief (0.005 to 0.01 m.y.) reversal of the geomagnetic field 0.46 ± 0.05 m.y. ago. This reversed polarity event has also been found in sea-floor magnetic anomalies and in sediment cores and is probably the Emperor event of Ryan [1972].</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL008i010p01055","usgsCitation":"Champion, D.E., Dalrymple, G.B., and Kuntz, M., 1981, Radiometric and paleomagnetic evidence for the Emperor reversed polarity event at 0.46 ± 0.05 M.Y. in basalt lava flows from the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 8, no. 10, p. 1055-1058, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL008i010p01055.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1058","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":343042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n     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]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ee2e4b062508e3c7b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, Duane E. 0000-0001-7854-9034 dchamp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-9034","contributorId":2912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"Duane","email":"dchamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":54564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, Mel A. 0000-0001-8828-5474","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-5474","contributorId":6446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"Mel A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70188761,"text":"70188761 - 1981 - Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T12:41:30","indexId":"70188761","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Seston in waters of Georges Bank originates primarily from biological production and from resuspension of bottom sediments. The concentrations of suspended matter observed on the central shoals are more influenced by storms than by seasonal changes. Winter storms produce highest concentrations of non-combustible material throughout the water column, and summer storms appear to increase biological production by mixing additional nutrients into the photic zone. On the south-east flank of the bank, in water depths between 80 and 200 in, the concentrations of total suspended matter and non-combustible material show little variation compared with the central shoals, and storm effects are far less noticeable.</p><p>Highest concentrations (&gt;15 mg 1<sup>−1</sup>) of suspended matter occur in bottom waters south of Nantucket Island after winter storms and appear to be primarily resuspended bottom sediment. Resuspended sediment is also common in near-bottom waters of the south-western Gulf of Maine, and occasionally near the intersection of the shelf/slope water mass front and the bottom.</p><p>Seasonal variations were observed in the distribution and species composition of phytoplankton. Coccoliths are predominant on the central bank during the winter, but during the spring and summer they are concentrated on the eastern flank at deeper depths.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80077-1","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Parmenter, C.M., and Milliman, J., 1981, Temporal and spatial variations in suspended matter in continental shelf and slope waters off the north-eastern United States: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 213-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-3524(81)80077-1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Georges Bank","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -65,\n              39\n            ],\n            [\n              -65,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              -72,\n              39\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594cd743e4b062508e3951fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":699817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parmenter, Carol M.","contributorId":9284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmenter","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":699818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milliman, John D.","contributorId":76735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliman","given":"John D.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":699819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207173,"text":"70207173 - 1981 - Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:34:06.568108","indexId":"70207173","displayToPublicDate":"1981-12-11T11:46:55","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of a geodetic network of 115 lines crossing the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay and measured repeatedly between 1970 and 1980 has revealed details about the accommodation of relative plate motion in this area. The most striking result is that the deformation is not uniformly distributed across the area. In the east bay, along the Hayward and Calaveras faults, all motion appears to take place as slip directly on the fault, with no accumulation of strain in the adjacent crust. On both the Calaveras and the Hayward faults the rate obtained for the 1970 to 1980 period agrees with geologic rates spanning a few million years and with creep rates spanning a few decades. The Hayward fault slip rate is 7 ± 1 mm/yr. The Calaveras fault slip rate is 7 ± 1 mm/yr, with perhaps half of this slip distributed across a zone a few kilometers wide, probably as inelastic deformation of weak near‐surface material. The absence of strain accumulation in the east bay is surprising since the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been the site of large earthquakes in the past. A block located east of the Calaveras fault and south of the Las Positas fault has been rotating clockwise at a rate of 0.3 ± 0.1 μrad/yr with very little internal deformation. Along the San Francisco peninsula no detectable slip occurs (less than 1.5 mm/yr) at the surface, but appreciable strain is accumulating. Near fault shear strain rates are 0.6 ± 0.1 μstrain/yr (engineering) with direction N47°W ± 9. The slip rate near the San Andreas fault is 12.2 ± 3.9 mm/yr distributed across a broad zone. The relative motion across the whole region during the period 1970–1980 is 32.1 ± 7.4 mm/yr.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB086iB11p10853","usgsCitation":"Prescott, W., Lisowski, M., and Savage, J.C., 1981, Geodetic measurement of crustal deformation on the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults near San Francisco, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 86, no. B11, p. 10853-10869, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB11p10853.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"10853","endPage":"10869","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              36.78289206199065\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09130859375,\n              36.78289206199065\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09130859375,\n              38.21660403859855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              38.21660403859855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.947998046875,\n              36.78289206199065\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, Michael 0000-0003-4818-2504 mlisowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4818-2504","contributorId":637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Michael","email":"mlisowski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70011697,"text":"70011697 - 1981 - Crustal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T15:58:07.673717","indexId":"70011697","displayToPublicDate":"1981-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Independent geological and geophysical investigations of the Mid-Ocean Ridge system have begun to focus on the nature of the magma chamber system underlying its central axis. Thermal models predict the existence of a steady-state chamber beneath a thin crustal lid ranging in thickness from 2 to 13 kilometers. The only aspect of the system that these models fail to account for is the extremely slow spreading rates. Seismological studies reveal the existence of a low-velocity zone beneath segments of the East Pacific Rise, which is thought to correspond to a chamber system having a half-width of approximately 5 to 10 kilometers. These estimates compare favorably with those derived separately through petrological investigations of deep-sea drilling results, various sampling programs, and field and laboratory studies of ophiolites. The chamber is thought to be wing-shaped and to remain continuously open; it is thought to be fed from the center while simultaneously solidifying at the sides as spreading carries the two halves apart. Progressive fractionation occurs by crystal settling coupled with repeated replenishment and magma mixing in an open steady-state system. Near-bottom studies reveal that the zone of extrusion above the chamber is narrow, but its eruptive history is cyclic in nature, in conflict with the predictions of a steady-state model. On-bottom gravity data at 21°N on the East Pacific Rise reveal a negative gravity anomaly that may be related to the uppermost part of the chamber. The anomaly is only 2 kilometers wide and 1 kilometer below the sea floor. This feature may be associated with a short-term upper magma reservoir. The cyclic volcanic activity is directly related to the active phase of hydrothermal circulation responsible for the observed negative thermal anomaly. The volume of water associated with this circulation is equal to the entire ocean volume passing through the accretion zone approximately every 8 million years. This is about 0.5 percent of the world's rivers, but the effective transport rates of elements are comparable to those of rivers in that anomalies for individual elements are frequently between 100 and 1000 times the average river composition. The degree of subsurface dilution determines the final exit temperature and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, ranging from manganese domination at extreme dilution to iron at intermediate levels to sulfide deposition when low dilution occurs. The discovery of massive sulfide deposits on the East Pacific Rise is destined to have a profound impact on our understanding of ore-forming processes. Whether it will have any economic significance remains to be seen.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.213.4503.31","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Ballard, R.D., Craig, H., Edmond, J., Einaudi, M., Holcomb, R., Holland, H., Hopson, C., Luyendyk, B., Macdonald, K., Morton, J., Orcutt, J., and Sleep, N., 1981, Crustal processes of the Mid-Ocean Ridge: Science, v. 213, no. 4503, p. 31-40, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4503.31.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"213","issue":"4503","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fce1e4b0c8380cd4e4ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballard, Richard D.","contributorId":40729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballard","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Craig, H.","contributorId":78878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craig","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edmond, J.","contributorId":44291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edmond","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Einaudi, M.","contributorId":14575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Einaudi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holcomb, R.","contributorId":23276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holland, H.D.","contributorId":19288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hopson, C.A.","contributorId":13244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Luyendyk, B.P.","contributorId":53074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luyendyk","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Macdonald, K.","contributorId":23690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macdonald","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Morton, J.","contributorId":53523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Orcutt, J.","contributorId":51457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orcutt","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sleep, N.","contributorId":88484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleep","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
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