{"pageNumber":"3635","pageRowStart":"90850","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185293,"records":[{"id":70231431,"text":"70231431 - 1997 - Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231431,"text":"70231431 - 1997 - Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system","indexId":"70231431","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:19:35.92825","indexId":"70231431","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:46:41","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system","docAbstract":"<p>Intervals of open versus closed lake systems for Pleistocene Owens Lake in California are suggested by a comparison of paleobiotic and isotopic evidence recovered from core samples of OL-92. Mollusks and fish were identified from 67 core samples, and their ecological requirements were noted. Carbon dioxide extractions for stable isotopes of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O from aragonite of the molluscan shell material were obtained by standard procedures, and isotopic compositions were measured using a mass spectrometer. The values of <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O from sediment samples taken previously (Benson and Bischoff, 1993) were compared with <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>O values from mollusk shells recovered from the core. These data indicate at least two times of open lake, very low salinity (or “fresh” water) episodes, which are in agreement with the interpretation of fish and mollusk paleoecology supporting open systems between 207 m and 208 m (ca. 450 ka to ca. 453 ka) and between 309 m and 313 m (ca. 765 ka to ca. 775 ka).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.121","usgsCitation":"Firby, J.R., Sharpe, S.E., Whelan, J., Smith, G.R., and Spaulding, W.G., 1997, Paleobiotic and isotopic analysis of mollusks, fish and plants from core OL-92: Indicators for an open or closed lake system, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 121-125, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.121.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Firby, James R.","contributorId":291586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Firby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Saxon E.","contributorId":106790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Saxon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, Joseph F.","contributorId":39425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"Joseph F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Gerald R.","contributorId":36496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spaulding, W. Geoffrey","contributorId":291587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spaulding","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Geoffrey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70231430,"text":"70231430 - 1997 - Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231430,"text":"70231430 - 1997 - Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time","indexId":"70231430","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:20:00.271583","indexId":"70231430","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:34:16","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time","docAbstract":"<p>Ostracode species’ geographic distributions are limited by parameters such as water temperature, salinity, and dissolved-ion composition. Because these parameters are, in part, determined by climate, ostracode biogeographic distributions serve as proxies for past climates. Therefore, the ostracodes in Core OL-92 from Owens Lake, southeast California, reveal climatic oscillations during the past 800,000 yr. The climatic history of the Owens Lake area, as indicated by the fossil ostracode record, reflects a number of high-latitude glacial and interglacial episodes in which glacial-period terminations fall at approximately 120 ka (Termination II), 225 ka (Termination III), 340 ka (Termination IV), and 438 ka (Termination V). A plot of saline versus freshwater ostracodes over time agrees quite well with a number of other geochemical and biological climatic indicators from the Owens Lake core. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.113","usgsCitation":"Carter, C., 1997, Ostracodes in Owens Lake core OL-92: Alteration of saline and freshwater forms through time, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 113-119, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.113.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"119","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Claire","contributorId":88336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231429,"text":"70231429 - 1997 - A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231429,"text":"70231429 - 1997 - A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California","indexId":"70231429","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:20:21.761606","indexId":"70231429","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:30:51","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California","docAbstract":"<p>A 323-m (~800 k.y.) core of lake deposits beneath Owens Lake playa, Inyo County, California, contains a nearly continuous paleolimnological record based on diatom assemblages. The core chronology is anchored by the Matuyama/Brunhes magnetostratigraphic boundary and the Bishop ash near the base of the record and by radiocarbon dates near the top. </p><p>Throughout most of its history, Owens Lake was characterized by fresh-water diatoms, indicating a positive hydrologic input from the Owens River and overflow to lake systems downstream. Both benthic and planktic freshwater diatoms dominate in ashy and sandy sediments between 800 ka and 440 ka and suggest shallow, open-water environments in a basin where sedimentation and subsidence were approximately balanced. After 440 ka, freshwater planktic diatoms dominate, implying that the Owens basin became deeper, perhaps as a result of increased rates of tectonic subsidence. The stratigraphic distribution of saline benthic and planktic diatoms record comparatively short intervals when the lake was shallow and saline. Nevertheless, periodic overflow during these times prevented deposition of evaporites. </p><p>According to a chronology based on sediment mass-accumulation rates, the alternation of saline and freshwater diatom assemblages approximately tracks the progression of oxygen isotope stages recorded in marine deposits. Even-numbered isotope stages representing glacial conditions are matched by episodes where freshwater planktic diatoms dominate, indicating abundant precipitation in the Sierra Nevada in response to a southward shift of storm tracks originating in the North Pacific around the Aleutian Low.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.99","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J.P., 1997, A diatom-based paleohydrologic record of climate change for the past 800 k.y. from Owens Lake, California, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 99-112, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.99.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"112","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842577,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70246541,"text":"70246541 - 1997 - Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:35:21.756576","indexId":"70246541","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:28:12","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southern end of the Illinois Basin is one of the most structurally complex regions in the Midcontinent United States. Two major structural elements characterize this part of the basin: (1) A broad southwestward-plunging cratonic depression extends across central Illinois and southwestern Indiana. Investigations of historical and prehistorical earthquakes in this part of the basin indicate that moderate to high earthquake potential exists; the seismogenic sources, however, remain enigmatic. (2) The southernmost part of the basin is underlain by the Reelfoot Rift and Rough Creek Graben, a rift system that formed during late Precambrian to Middle Cambrian time. Geodynamic processes operating within the rift since the late Precambrian have had a major influence on the tectonic, diagenetic, and depositional history of the region. In addition, tectonic compressive stress appears to be reactivating ancient faults within the Reelfoot Rift, resulting in coherent linear segments of earthquake epicenters called the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Geological and geophysical information suggests that the cause of earthquakes in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is unrelated to that in the region north of the rift system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.4.499","usgsCitation":"Kolata, D.R., and Hildenbrand, T., 1997, Structural underpinnings and neotectonics of the southern Illinois Basin: An overview: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 499-510, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.4.499.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"510","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"southern Illinois basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.27447283709975,\n              41.41183369485614\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.93857342431667,\n              41.37140588350414\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.93137352626161,\n              40.94011389916565\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20728941367187,\n              40.462464675631395\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.36100165616378,\n              40.05529465549472\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.69094933424739,\n              38.9221351333409\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.14058516164883,\n              37.95872173669419\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.33165527912766,\n              36.818875882467296\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.07921245486332,\n              36.428480841463184\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.82967017221293,\n              36.547876703949996\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.09255063257578,\n              37.09748423869138\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.8735167164121,\n              38.1134437734527\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.29591821115405,\n              40.47817492676333\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.47134673306802,\n              40.93996137056837\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.29379182308247,\n              41.50855899429499\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.27447283709975,\n              41.41183369485614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70246540,"text":"70246540 - 1997 - Broad-scale climatic influences on rainfall thresholds for debris flows: Adapting thresholds for northern California to southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:26:22.172978","indexId":"70246540","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:22:17","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Broad-scale climatic influences on rainfall thresholds for debris flows: Adapting thresholds for northern California to southern California","docAbstract":"<p>A Landslide Warning System (LWS) operated in the San Francisco Bay region until late 1995. The LWS issued public advisories when rainfall conditions reached or approached critical levels for triggering debris flows (\"mudslides\"). Interest in an LWS for southern California was revived by the destructive landslides triggered by the storms of January and February 1993 and by the debris-flow problems created by the extensive areas burned in large wildfires the following autumn. Although a number of elements for an LWS already exist in southern California, a critical element must still be developed: the “threshold,” a defined set of values of rainfall intensity and duration that predicts debris-flow initiation within a specified region.</p><p>Although reliable rainfall/debris-flow thresholds exist for the San Francisco Bay region, climatic dissimilarities between there and southern California produce differ-ences in the thickness, character, and behavior of the hillslope materials that necessi-tate adjustment of the thresholds. Of particular importance are the amount and distribution of precipitation, which, along the California coast, are controlled by ele-vation, distance from the coastline, and storm frequency. Storm frequency, in turn, is strongly correlated with geographic latitude. Although storms are less frequent in southern California, with a consequent decrease in mean annual precipitation, average rainfall amounts for individual storms generally equal those of storms farther north.</p><p>A procedure is developed for modifying existing rainfall/debris-flow thresholds to account for these changes in precipitation patterns. Then, a set of interim rainfall/ debris-flow thresholds is derived for the greater Los Angeles region. As a demonstra-tion, these interim thresholds are compared with data on rainfall and debris-flow occur-rence during January and February 1993.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Storm-induced geologic hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG11-p71","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., 1997, Broad-scale climatic influences on rainfall thresholds for debris flows: Adapting thresholds for northern California to southern California, chap. <i>of</i> Storm-induced geologic hazards, v. 11, p. 71-80, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG11-p71.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"80","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Larson, Robert A.","contributorId":316217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877099,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slosson, James E.","contributorId":316218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slosson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877100,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Raymond C. rwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Raymond","email":"rwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":877098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231427,"text":"70231427 - 1997 - A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92; radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231427,"text":"70231427 - 1997 - A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92; radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate","indexId":"70231427","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92; radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:20:46.193669","indexId":"70231427","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:21:33","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92; radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate","docAbstract":"<p>Results of radiocarbon analyses of carbonates and humates from the upper 31 m of OL-92 indicate coherent and linear progression of dates with depth down to about 24 m and 30 ka. Scatter of results below this depth indicates that the practical limit of radiocarbon dating in this core is about 30 ka. </p><p>The average mass-accumulation rate (MAR) for the top 24 m is 52.4 g/cm<sup>2</sup>/k.y. calculated from radiocarbon dates and bulk density reconstruction. A similar calculation for the entire core down to the Bishop ash bed (304 m, 759 ka) gives a MAR of 51.4 g/cm<sup>2</sup>/k.y., suggesting a constant MAR throughout the past 760 k.y. A time-depth curve for the entire core was then constructed from this constant value and using pore-water content to correct for sediment compaction. The resulting curve is remarkably coincident with a similar plot independently derived from 10 within-Brunhes paleomagnetic events identified by Glen et al. (this volume). That MAR remained relatively constant through the glacial/interglacial cycles may imply that the increased sediment supply during the high runoff of glacial times was balanced by increased size of the depositional area and vice-versa during interglacials. Surface area of the lake is approximately proportional to river discharge, but only up to the spill point of the lake. The constant MAR suggests, therefore, that spilling of Owens Lake was relatively infrequent during the past 800 k.y., as independently inferred from the sediment geochemistry (Bischoff et al., this volume, chapter 4).</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.91","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Stafford, T.W., and Rubin, M., 1997, A time-depth scale for Owens Lake sediments of core OL-92; radiocarbon dates and constant mass-accumulation rate, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.91.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.81463623046875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.15246582031249,\n              36.27085020723902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, Meyer","contributorId":107283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Meyer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70094638,"text":"70094638 - 1997 - Coal resources of Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-21T10:29:40","indexId":"70094638","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:20:04","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coal resources of Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mesozoic geology and paleontology of the Four Corners Region: New Mexico Geological Society, Forty-eighth Annual Field Conference, October 1-4, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, D.T., 1997, Coal resources of Upper Cretaceous Fruitland Formation in the Southern Ute Indian Reservation, southwestern Colorado, <i>in</i> Mesozoic geology and paleontology of the Four Corners Region: New Mexico Geological Society, Forty-eighth Annual Field Conference, October 1-4, 1997, v. 48, p. 37-37.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":282615,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Southern Ute Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.307953,36.990013 ], [ -108.307953,37.215252 ], [ -106.965744,37.215252 ], [ -106.965744,36.990013 ], [ -108.307953,36.990013 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51ace4b0b290850f409a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, Orin J.","contributorId":112576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Orin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kues, Barry S.","contributorId":114103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kues","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucas, Spencer G.","contributorId":80161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Spencer G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509812,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Dorothy T.","contributorId":19240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70199200,"text":"70199200 - 1997 - Comparative results of 27A1 NMR spectrometric and ferron colorimetric analyses of hydroxaluminum hydrolysis products in aged mildly acidic aqueous systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:21:01","indexId":"70199200","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:19:48","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Comparative results of 27A1 NMR spectrometric and ferron colorimetric analyses of hydroxaluminum hydrolysis products in aged mildly acidic aqueous systems","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in environmental chemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Vivit, D., Thorne, K.M., and Hem, J., 1997, Comparative results of 27A1 NMR spectrometric and ferron colorimetric analyses of hydroxaluminum hydrolysis products in aged mildly acidic aqueous systems, chap. <i>of</i> Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in environmental chemistry, p. 140-160.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"160","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357188,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vivit, D.V.","contributorId":28609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vivit","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70211066,"text":"70211066 - 1997 - Geochemical processes controlling uranium mobility in mine drainages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-13T15:23:40.41777","indexId":"70211066","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:17:12","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical processes controlling uranium mobility in mine drainages","docAbstract":"<p>Comprehensive models of ore genesis incorporate metal sources, transport and concentration mechanisms, and preservation mechanisms. Analogous concepts apply to the problem of metal migration from mines, mine wastes, and mine tailings, including: the concentrations, mineralogical occurrence, and availability of metals in mineral deposits, host rocks, mine wastes, and tailings (the source); the mechanisms for metal mobilization and transport during weathering; the mechanisms for metal fixation and the permanence of the fixation. Similarly, undisturbed mineral deposits or alteration zones that are exposed at the Earth's surface may be natural sources from which metals can be solubilized during weathering.</p><p>Uranium (U), a naturally-occurring radioactive element, may be present in mineral deposits in sufficient concentrations that in itself constitutes ore. It may also be present in ores of other metals at concentrations that exceed average crustal abundances. Any uranium that is not completely removed from these ores in the mining and milling process may be available for mobilization into ground or surface waters via the weathering and oxidation of solid tailings or mine waste piles. This chapter discusses the relative importance of various geochemical processes that control uranium mobility via weathering in both mined and unmined mineralized environments. The data presented in this paper focus on mined areas because the great extent of historic mining in the field areas examined for this study preclude extensive consideration of undisturbed areas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues Part B: Case studies and research topics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"doi":"10.5382/Rev.06.09","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Miller, W.R., Briggs, P.H., and McHugh, J.B., 1997, Geochemical processes controlling uranium mobility in mine drainages, chap. <i>of</i> The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues Part B: Case studies and research topics, v. 6, p. 201-213, https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.06.09.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":792653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, W. R.","contributorId":92239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, P. H.","contributorId":116798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McHugh, J. B.","contributorId":79462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70246538,"text":"70246538 - 1997 - The Spruce Head composite pluton: An example of mafic to silicic Salinian magmatism in coastal Maine, northern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:12:49.155674","indexId":"70246538","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T10:03:14","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Spruce Head composite pluton: An example of mafic to silicic Salinian magmatism in coastal Maine, northern Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature of magmatism in the Appalachian orogen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-1191-6.19","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., and Arth, J.G., 1997, The Spruce Head composite pluton: An example of mafic to silicic Salinian magmatism in coastal Maine, northern Appalachians, chap. <i>of</i> The nature of magmatism in the Appalachian orogen, v. 191, p. 19-43, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-1191-6.19.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418761,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.25,\n              44.15038497014487\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.25,\n              43.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.86352791534901,\n              43.95\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.86352791534901,\n              44.15038497014487\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.25,\n              44.15038497014487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"191","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":877091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201374,"text":"70201374 - 1997 - Physiography, Geomorphic/geologic Mapping and Stratigraphy of Venus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T09:54:00","indexId":"70201374","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:52:16","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physiography, Geomorphic/geologic Mapping and Stratigraphy of Venus","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Venus II : Geology, Geophysics, Atmosphere, and Solar Wind Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","isbn":"9780816518302","usgsCitation":"Tanaka, K.L., Senske, D., Price, M., and Kirk, R.L., 1997, Physiography, Geomorphic/geologic Mapping and Stratigraphy of Venus, chap. <i>of</i> Venus II : Geology, Geophysics, Atmosphere, and Solar Wind Environment, p. 667-694.","productDescription":"28 p.; CD ROM","startPage":"667","endPage":"694","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://uapress.arizona.edu/book/venus-ii"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c122c59e4b034bf6a856a0f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bougher, Stephen W.","contributorId":211381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bougher","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36888,"text":"Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunten, Donald M.","contributorId":211382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunten","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Roger J.","contributorId":74495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":24730,"text":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":753869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senske, D.A.","contributorId":76896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, M.","contributorId":38209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":753865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":753866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70246537,"text":"70246537 - 1997 - Operation of a landslide warning system during the California storm sequence of January and February 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-07T15:01:35.316786","indexId":"70246537","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:49:30","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Operation of a landslide warning system during the California storm sequence of January and February 1993","docAbstract":"<p>From 1986 to late December 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Weather Service operated a landslide warning system for debris flows triggered by intense rainstorms in the San Francisco Bay region. The Landslide Warning System tracked storm systems as they approached the region, determined actual rainfall with a network of radio-telemetered rain gauges, compared the rainfall to thresholds for initi-ation of debris flows, and issued the appropriate public advisories.</p><p>A series of intense rainstorms during January 1993 created hazards from landslid-ing and flooding over much of California. In the San Francisco Bay region, January rainfall was over 200% of normal, triggering debris flows on natural hillslopes and road cuts across Marin, San Mateo, Alameda, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz Counties. The warning system issued Flash Flood/Debris Flow Watches during the most intense storms on January 13 and 15,1993. Most debris flows in this area were small and widely scattered, so damage was largely limited to several blocked roadways in mountainous areas. Storm damage was much heavier in southern California, where rainfall amounts were over 350% of normal for January, triggering flash floods and many landslides. This damage prompted inquiries about developing a landslide warning system for southern California.</p><p>A number of elements for a landslide warning system already exist in southern Cal-ifornia, including quantitative rainfall forecasting and a network of radio-telemetered rain gauges. Regional rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation, consistent with the climate, topography, and geology of the region, remain to be developed. Such thresholds could probably be developed with a modest investment of research effort and resources.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Storm-induced geologic hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/REG11-p61","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.C., 1997, Operation of a landslide warning system during the California storm sequence of January and February 1993, chap. <i>of</i> Storm-induced geologic hazards, v. 11, p. 61-70, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG11-p61.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":418760,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.75016754820739,\n              36.80900566077895\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.81579060471793,\n              36.98286984566782\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75941880507378,\n              38.52249279302444\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.03146662418052,\n              38.56952342484723\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.18411236247348,\n              38.497155868266844\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.95745656925084,\n              38.010418216736724\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.55040126713664,\n              37.65970955649503\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3422479876462,\n              37.130527140678126\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08783842382498,\n              36.949607369351654\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75016754820739,\n              36.80900566077895\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Larson, Robert A.","contributorId":316217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877089,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slosson, James E.","contributorId":316218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slosson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":877090,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Raymond C. rwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Raymond","email":"rwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":877088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211051,"text":"70211051 - 1997 - Bedrock geologic map of New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T14:51:22.202617","indexId":"70211051","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:47:12","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Bedrock geologic map of New Hampshire","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/70211051","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy and the state of New Hampshire, Eugene L. 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,{"id":70231423,"text":"70231423 - 1997 - Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231423,"text":"70231423 - 1997 - Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92","indexId":"70231423","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:21:04.215966","indexId":"70231423","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:44:17","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92","docAbstract":"<p>Geochemical parameters of sediments from drill hole OL-92 indicate that Owens Lake was saline, alkaline, and highly productive during interglacial periods, and was hydrologically open and relatively unproductive during glacial periods. Abundance of CaCO<sub>3</sub>, organic carbon, and cation-exchange capacity of the clay fraction show cyclic variation down the core. Six minima in these components during the past 500 k.y. are interpreted as caused by intensive overflow that occurred during Sierran glacial advances. Maxima in these components indicate closed-lake conditions, reflecting warmer and more arid interglacial climates. The pattern of CaCO<sub>3</sub> abundance suggests that closed lake conditions predominated over the past 500 k.y. The absence of gaylussite and gypsum in the sediments, however, indicates lake salinity never exceeded about 15 wt %, a limit which requires flushing of accumulated salts every 10 k.y. </p><p>Oscillations of CaCO<sub>3</sub> generally indicate a 100-k.y. dominant cycle, a characteristic of the marine δ<sup>18</sup>O record. Four of the last five marine isotope terminations are clearly shown in the Owens Lake record. The last interglacial at Owens Lake appears to have occurred between 120 ka and 50 ka. The roughly 10-k.y. offset between this interval and marine oxygen-isotope stage 5 reflects either error in the age-depth model, or alternatively, a time lag between changes in Northern Hemisphere ice volumes and the manifestation of local climate change in lake geochemistry and sedimentology.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.37","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Fitts, J.P., and Fitzpatrick, J.A., 1997, Responses of sediment geochemistry to climate change in Owens Lake sediment: An 800-k.y. record of saline/fresh cycles in core OL-92, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 37-47, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.37.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"47","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitts, Jeffrey P.","contributorId":73348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitts","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, John A. 0000-0001-6738-7180 jfitzpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6738-7180","contributorId":3719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"John","email":"jfitzpat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":842567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70114013,"text":"70114013 - 1997 - Assessment of acreage and vegetation change in Florida's Big Bend tidal wetlands using satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T10:05:11","indexId":"70114013","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:43:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Assessment of acreage and vegetation change in Florida's Big Bend tidal wetlands using satellite imagery","docAbstract":"Fluctuations in sea level and impending development on the west coast of Florida have aroused concern for the relatively pristine tidal marshes of the Big Bend. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for 1986 and 1995 are processed and evaluated for signs of change. The images cover 250 km of Florida's Big Bend Gulf Coast, encompassing 160,000 acres of tidal marshes. Change is detected using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land cover classification. The imagery shows negligible net loss or gain in the marsh over the 9-year period. However, regional changes in biomass are apparent and are due to natural disturbances such as low winter temperatures, fire, storm surge, and the conversion of forest to march. Within the marsh, the most prominent changes in NDVI and in land cover result from the recovery of mangroves from freezes, a decline of transitional upland vegetation, and susceptibility of the marsh edge and interior to variations in tidal flooding.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the fourth international conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments: technology and applications","conferenceTitle":"Fourth international conference on remote sensing for marine and coastal environments: technology and applications","conferenceDate":"1997-03-17T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Institute of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","usgsCitation":"Raabe, E.A., and Stumpf, R., 1997, Assessment of acreage and vegetation change in Florida's Big Bend tidal wetlands using satellite imagery, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288998,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.4522,27.9773 ], [ -84.4522,30.3035 ], [ -82.1337,30.3035 ], [ -82.1337,27.9773 ], [ -84.4522,27.9773 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a94c68e4b0f1f8e2fa865d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raabe, Ellen A. eraabe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raabe","given":"Ellen","email":"eraabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stumpf, Richard P.","contributorId":7739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"Richard P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198497,"text":"70198497 - 1997 - Geochemistry of the processes that attenuate acid mine drainage in wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-13T09:37:03","indexId":"70198497","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:40:03","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemistry of the processes that attenuate acid mine drainage in wetlands","docAbstract":"<p>Because conventional treatment of acid-mine drainage (AMD) involves installation and maintenance of water treatment plants, regulators and mine operators have sought lower cost and lower maintenance technologies. One ecological engineering technology that has received increasing research attention is the use of natural and constructed wetlands for remediation of some of the water-quality problems associated with AMD. As surface water flows through a wetland, several processes can occur to decrease the elevated concentrations of sulfate, trace metals, arsenic, and hydrogen ions that characterize AMD. These processes range from precipitation of mineral phases to the active uptake of solutes by vegetation. The relative importance of these processes between different wetlands depends on the hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of the wetlands. This paper describes the geochemistry of the processes that contribute to AMD attenuation in wetlands and presents some of the case studies that have identified these processes. The attenuation of AMD in wetlands has been studied in natural and in man- made (constructed) wetlands. In this paper, case studies of both are presented. A discussion of some of the general characteristics of wetlands is followed by more detailed discussions of the processes and geochemistry that contribute to the treatment of AMD in wetlands, relevant case studies, and a brief discussion of constructed wetland design. The physical, chemical, and hydrologic characteristics of a wetland that affect its potential for supporting specific types of reactions are also emphasized.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits, part a: Processes, technique, and health issues","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, Colorado ","doi":"10.5382/Rev.06.10","usgsCitation":"Walton-Day, K., 1997, Geochemistry of the processes that attenuate acid mine drainage in wetlands, chap. <i>of</i> The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits, part a: Processes, technique, and health issues, p. 215-228, https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.06.10.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848daf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742245,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logsdon, M.J.","contributorId":194552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Logsdon","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742246,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Walton-Day, Katherine 0000-0002-9146-6193 kwaltond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-6193","contributorId":1245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton-Day","given":"Katherine","email":"kwaltond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231422,"text":"70231422 - 1997 - Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231422,"text":"70231422 - 1997 - Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary","indexId":"70231422","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:21:22.379279","indexId":"70231422","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:39:26","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary","docAbstract":"<p>Several lines of evidence indicated that Owens Lake, a now-dry lake in southeast California, would probably yield a continuous and climatically informative sedimentary record. Also, the details of modern climate and runoff in the area are exceptionally well known, providing a firm basis for interpreting various types of evidence from a core in terms of past climates. Drilling was carried out in early 1992 to retrieve this record. </p><p>The resulting core, OL-92, was taken from the south-central part of the lake (lat 36°22.85′ N, long 117°57.95′ W). Lake surface elevation at the drill site is 1,085 m. The core’s length is 322.86 m, recovery was ~80%, and the age of its basal sediments is ~800 ka. </p><p>Study of the core has revealed lithologic, chemical, mineralogic, geophysical, and paleontologic evidence that reflects alternating periods of high- and low-volume runoff into Owens Lake. This volume presents these studies and summarizes their paleoclimatic significance.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.1","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.I., and Bischoff, J.L., 1997, Core OL-92 from Owens Lake: Project rationale, geologic setting, drilling procedures, and summary, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400394,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70231421,"text":"70231421 - 1997 - Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70231421,"text":"70231421 - 1997 - Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92","indexId":"70231421","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70231435,"text":"70231435 - 1997 - An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","indexId":"70231435","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-10T16:21:42.663616","indexId":"70231421","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T09:32:33","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92","docAbstract":"<p>Owens Lake, a now-dry lake in southeastern California immediately east of the southern Sierra Nevada, was the site of a coring project designed to obtain a long paleoclimatic record. During the ensuing study, lacustrine deposits were recovered by the 323 m long core designated “OL-92.” The presence of the Bishop ash (ca. 760 ka) and the Matuyama-Brunhes paleomagnetic reversal (ca. 780 ka) near the base of core OL-92 shows that this core represents about 800 k.y. of deposition in Owens Lake. </p><p>The sediments are dominantly lacustrine clay, silt, and fine sand, although some intervals contain as much as 40 wt % CaCO3. The lowest ~57 m of recovered sediments is mostly silt or clay, but several sand beds are present; the overlying ~60 m of sediment is similar, but its sand content is more dispersed. Together, these two units are composed of ~70 wt % silt and clay and ~30 wt % sand, suggesting deposition in lakes that fluctuated between moderately deep and shallow. Overlying them is ~201 m of sediments that were mostly deposited in deep water; they consist predominantly of silt and clay but include two thin, coarse-sand beds. An oolite bed forms the upper ~4 m of natural deposits, and an anthropogenic salt bed, &gt;2 m thick, forms much of the present surface. In addition to the Bishop ash, several much thinner tephra layers are also present. </p><p>About 70% of the clastic-sediment units are massive, some clearly because of bioturbation; other units display a thin bedding defined by changes in color or grain size. Rhythmic bedding, observed in numerous segments &lt;1 m thick, seems to represent cyclical events ~100 yr long. Thin color bands caused by the chemical alteration of sediments on each side of hairline fractures create irregular subvertical veins. Clastic dikes, as much as ~2 cm wide and ~75 cm long, characterize some zones. Bioturbation structures, sand pods, ice-rafted(?) granules, small faults, minor discontinuities, and possible turbidity-current structures are also present. </p><p>Lithologic variations, in combination with other evidence, indicate that from ca. 810–645 ka, Owens was most commonly a moderately deep fresh-water lake; from ca. 645–450 ka, it was more commonly a shallow—but still fresh-water—lake; from ca. 450–5 ka, it was almost continuously a deep, mostly fresh-water lake; and after ca. 5 ka, it was a shallow, moderately saline lake. Other variations in the sediments and their contents, however, indicate additional cycles of average lake-overflow volumes that are not reflected by sediment-size changes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.9","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.I., 1997, Stratigraphy, lithologies, and sedimentary structures of Owens Lake core OL-92, chap. <i>of</i> An 800,000-year paleoclimatic record from core OL-92, Owens Lake, Southeast California, v. 317, p. 9-23, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2317-5.9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.79266357421874,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.62875385775956\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18817138671875,\n              36.2354121683998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"317","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842561,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842562,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":92637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":842560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50148,"text":"ofr97679 - 1997 - EM Induction and DC Resistivity surveys near the Norman, Oklahoma Landfill - text and figures for the WRD Norman web site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T08:46:16","indexId":"ofr97679","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T08:44:47","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-679","title":"EM Induction and DC Resistivity surveys near the Norman, Oklahoma Landfill - text and figures for the WRD Norman web site","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97679","usgsCitation":"Lucius, J.E., and Bisdorf, R.J., 1997, EM Induction and DC Resistivity surveys near the Norman, Oklahoma Landfill - text and figures for the WRD Norman web site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-679, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97679.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States 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,{"id":70199185,"text":"70199185 - 1997 - Geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions in mining environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T08:31:51","indexId":"70199185","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T08:29:45","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions in mining environments","docAbstract":"<p>Geochemical modeling is a powerful tool for evaluating geochemical processes in mining environments. Properly constrained and judiciously applied, modeling can provide valuable insights into processes controlling the release, transport, and fate of contaminants in mine drainage. This chapter contains 1) an overview of geochemical modeling, 2) discussion of the types of models and computer programs used, 3) description of a procedure for screening water analyses for modeling input, and 4) examples of the application of modeling for interpreting geochemical processes in mining environments. Three general strategies in current use to interpret water-rock interactions are statistical analysis, “inverse” modeling, and “forward” modeling. Multivariate correlation analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and other statistical techniques can group water-chemistry data into sets that may relate to hydrogeochemical processes (Drever, 1988; Puckett and Bricker, 1992). In the field of geochemical exploration, statistical analysis is used widely to treat large data sets of rock and sediment chemistry (e.g., Garrett, 1989). No physical or chemical principles are involved directly in these statistical treatments, hence they are not considered further in this chapter. Nevertheless, statistical analysis can be a useful tool in organizing complex geochemical data for interpretation.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/Rev.06.14","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., and Nordstrom, D.K., 1997, Geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions in mining environments, chap. <i>of</i> The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics, v. 6, no. 1, p. 289-324, https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.06.14.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"324","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848db1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744605,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logsdon, M.J.","contributorId":194552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Logsdon","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filipek, L.F.","contributorId":207755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70198694,"text":"70198694 - 1997 - Mass balance approach to selenium cycling through the San Joaquin Valley, sources to river to bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T08:18:46","indexId":"70198694","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T08:15:34","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mass balance approach to selenium cycling through the San Joaquin Valley, sources to river to bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surface and ground waters of the Central Valley of California (e.g., rivers, dams, off-stream storage reservoirs, pumping facilities, irrigation and drinking water supply canals, agricultural drainage canals) are part of a hydrologic system that makes up a complex ecosystem extending from the riparian wetlands of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers through the San Francisco Bay/Delta Estuary to the Pacific Ocean (Fig. 1). Water quality concerns center on elevated selenium (Se) and salt concentrations in irrigation drainage water discharged into the waterways of the relatively arid San Joaquin Valley (SJV), including the San Joaquin River (SJR). These waters are made unique by dissolved Se, weathered from marine sedimentary rocks of the Coast Ranges to the west, being ultimately concentrated to toxic levels in aquatic wildlife in the wetlands of the SJV/SJR trough (Figs. 1 and 2) (Presser and Ohlendorf, 1987; Presser, 1994). Scientific and environmental concerns focus on the bioreactive properties of Se and its partitioning among biota, water, and sediment, and on whether simple dilution models can be applied to an element that bioaccumulates. Because of state and federal commitments to provide water for irrigation, as well as drainage of irriga­ tion wastewater by the year 2000 drainage from over 180,000 ha of seleniferous, salinized farmland within the western SJV will create approximately 387 million cubic meters of potentially toxic drainage water annually (i.e., “problem water,” as defined by the San Joaquin Valley Drainage Program, 1990), thus lending urgency to an understanding of the biogeochemistry of Se in this environment.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental chemistry of selenium","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Piper, D.Z., 1997, Mass balance approach to selenium cycling through the San Joaquin Valley, sources to river to bay, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental chemistry of selenium, 30 p.","productDescription":"30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356476,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.71728515624999,\n              40.195659093364654\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51953124999999,\n              39.791654835253425\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.2119140625,\n              39.198205348894795\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.08007812499999,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              38.496593518947584\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.55273437499999,\n              37.97884504049713\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.37695312499999,\n              37.87485339352928\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.04736328125,\n              37.42252593456307\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.91552734375,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.65185546875,\n              36.77409249464195\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              36.36822190085111\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.234375,\n              36.13787471840729\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.14648437499999,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.2783203125,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.60791015625,\n              35.69299463209881\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52001953124999,\n              35.55010533588552\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10253906249999,\n              35.35321610123823\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.50927734374999,\n              34.939985151560435\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.0478515625,\n              34.92197103616377\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69628906249999,\n              34.903952965590065\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.67431640625,\n              35.11990857099681\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.6083984375,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.63037109375,\n              35.782170703266075\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.91601562499999,\n              36.27970720524017\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37744140625,\n              36.84446074079564\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68505859375,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.05859375,\n              37.63163475580643\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52001953124999,\n              37.96152331396614\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.89355468749999,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              38.839707613545144\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35498046875,\n              38.92522904714054\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.59667968749999,\n              39.487084981687495\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.70654296874999,\n              39.85915479295669\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.83837890625,\n              40.245991504199026\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.25585937500001,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.36572265625,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71728515624999,\n              40.44694705960048\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.84912109375,\n              40.3130432088809\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.71728515624999,\n              40.195659093364654\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848db3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Engberg, R. A.","contributorId":104876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engberg","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742608,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70199183,"text":"70199183 - 1997 - Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T08:16:32","indexId":"70199183","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T08:08:24","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado ","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mining of mineral deposits in the Rocky Mountains has left a legacy of acidic inflows to otherwise pristine upland watersheds. Since 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey has studied physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect the transport and transformation of metals in St. Kevin Gulch, an acidic, metal-rich stream near Leadville, Colorado. Well-known chemical processes have been quantified in the context of on-going physical transport by defining the hydrology with instream tracer-dilution experiments. These processes affect the partitioning of metals between dissolved and colloidal transport phases. In this acidic stream, pH increases during snowmelt runoff. At the most acidic stream site, pH varies from 3.15 to 4.00 during seasonal changes. Conservative effects of dilution are quantified using manganese as a natural, conservative tracer. Aluminum, copper, and zinc also are relatively conservative throughout the seasonal changes. Sulfate and iron, on the other hand, are removed with respect to manganese. The loss of iron through precipitation of hydrous Fe oxide is consistent with thermodynamic calculations. The loss of sulfate, however, cannot be fully explained.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.5382/Rev.06","usgsCitation":"Kimball, B.A., 1997, Seasonal variation in metal concentrations in a stream affected by acid mine drainage, St. Kevin Gulch, Colorado , chap. 22 <i>of</i> The environmental geochemistry of mineral deposits: Part A: Processes, techniques, and health issues part B: Case studies and research topics, v. 6, p. 467-477, https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.06.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"477","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"St. Kevin Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.45923614501953,\n              39.273992339346364\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.29718780517578,\n              39.273992339346364\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.29718780517578,\n              39.381548769326415\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45923614501953,\n              39.381548769326415\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.45923614501953,\n              39.273992339346364\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e23ee4b0702d0e848db5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Logsdon, M.J.","contributorId":194552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Logsdon","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Filipek, L.F.","contributorId":207755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filipek","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744601,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Kimball, B. A.","contributorId":87583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimball","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50035,"text":"ofr97817 - 1997 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 19 (SHEFTH00440019) on Town Highway 44, crossing Trout Brook, Sheffield, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T15:37:24","indexId":"ofr97817","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T07:30:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-817","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 19 (SHEFTH00440019) on Town Highway 44, crossing Trout Brook, Sheffield, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure SHEFTH00440019 on Town Highway 44 crossing Trout Brook, Sheffield, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. </p><p>The site is in the White Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in northeastern Vermont. The 3.0-mi<sup>2</sup> drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is grass on the upstream and downstream right overbanks, while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. The surface cover of the upstream and downstream left overbanks is shrub and brushland. </p><p>In the study area, Trout Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.03 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 45 ft and an average bank height of 6 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to boulder with a median grain size (D<sub>50</sub>) of 116 mm (0.381 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on July 31, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. </p><p>The Town Highway 44 crossing of Trout Brook is a 24-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting of a 22-foot steel-stringer span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 28, 1994). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 19.8 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. </p><p>Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was analyzed since it has the potential of being the worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. </p><p>Contraction scour for all modelled flows resulted in zero ft. Left abutment scour ranged from 4.4 to 5.6 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 3.6 to 4.8 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particlesize distribution. </p><p>It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97817","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Wild, E.C., and Medalie, L., 1997, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 19 (SHEFTH00440019) on Town Highway 44, crossing Trout Brook, Sheffield, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-817, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97817.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97817.PNG"},{"id":279649,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0817/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Sheffield","otherGeospatial":"Trout Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.202901,44.585664 ], [ -72.202901,44.703495 ], [ -72.065884,44.703495 ], [ -72.065884,44.585664 ], [ -72.202901,44.585664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wild, Emily C. 0000-0001-6157-7629 ecwild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-7629","contributorId":1810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Emily","email":"ecwild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5081,"text":"Libraries","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":50034,"text":"ofr97816 - 1997 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30, (HUNTTH00220030), on Town Highway 22, crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T13:10:49","indexId":"ofr97816","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-816","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30, (HUNTTH00220030), on Town Highway 22, crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nHUNTTH00220030 on Town Highway 22 crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this \nreport. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the \nstudy site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation \n(VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is \nfound in Appendix D.\nThe site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in \ncentral Vermont. The 4.98-mi<sup>2</sup>\n\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. \nIn the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest.\nIn the study area, Brush Brook has an incised, straight channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.06 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 49 ft and an average bank height \nof 9 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to boulders with a median grain size \n(D<sub>50</sub>) of 206 mm (0.675 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level \nII site visit on June 25, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable.\nThe Town Highway 22 crossing of Brush Brook is a 30-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting \nof one 27-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, December 12, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the \nbridge face is 25.6 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments. The channel \nis skewed approximately zero degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-toroadway is 15 degrees. \nA scour hole 1 ft deeper than the mean thalweg was observed along the left abutment during \nthe Level I assessment. The left abutment footing is exposed and undermined. The only \nscour countermeasure noted at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) \nalong the downstream left road approach embankment. Additional details describing \nconditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E.\nScour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general \nguidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). \nTotal scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term \nstreambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction \nin flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and \nabutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to \ncompute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these \ncomputations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows was zero. Abutment scour ranged from 7.8 to 10.1 \nft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional \ninformation on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour \nResults”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented \nin tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure \n8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a \nhomogeneous particle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr97816","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Burns, R.L., 1997, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30, (HUNTTH00220030), on Town Highway 22, crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-816, iv, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97816.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","numberOfPages":"51","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":279650,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0816/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Huntington","otherGeospatial":"Brush Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.032655,44.222232 ], [ -73.032655,44.365071 ], [ -72.879139,44.365071 ], [ -72.879139,44.222232 ], [ -73.032655,44.222232 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Ronda L.","contributorId":71602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Ronda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50032,"text":"ofr97814 - 1997 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 16, (NEWBTH00500016) on Town Highway 50, crossing Halls Brook, Newbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-20T11:34:04","indexId":"ofr97814","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T07:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-814","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 16, (NEWBTH00500016) on Town Highway 50, crossing Halls Brook, Newbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nNEWBTH00500016 on Town Highway 50 crossing Halls Brook, Newbury, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this \nreport. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the \nstudy site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation \n(VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is \nfound in Appendix D.\nThe site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province \nin east-central Vermont. The 23.4-mi<sup>2</sup>\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested \nbasin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is shrub and brushland.\nIn the study area, Halls Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately \n0.02 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 53 ft and an average bank height of 7 ft. The \nchannel bed material ranges from silt to gravel with a median grain size (D<sub>50</sub>) of 40.4 mm \n(0.133 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on \nAugust 29, 1995, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable. The channel bed and banks \nare composed of fine material and show signs of erosion. There is also evidence of beaver \nactivity in the area.\nThe Town Highway 50 crossing of Halls Brook is a 44-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting \nof one 38-foot prestressed concrete slab span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, March 27, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge \nface is 35.2 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, stone masonry abutments. The channel is \nskewed approximately 40 degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-toroadway is 5 degrees. \nA channel scour hole 1.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed just upstream \nof the bridge behind the remains of a beaver dam during the Level I assessment. An \nadditional channel scour hole 4.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed in the \ndownstream reach. The scour countermeasures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less \nthan 12 inches diameter) along the left abutment and type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches \ndiameter) along the right abutment and left bank upstream and downstream. Along the \ndownstream right bank is type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) and along the \nupstream right bank is type-4 stone fill (less than 60 inches diameter). Additional details \ndescribing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D \nand E.\nScour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general \nguidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) \nfor the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping \ndischarge was analyzed since it has the potential of being the worst-case scour scenario. \nTotal scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term \nstreambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction \nin flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and \nabutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to \ncompute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these \ncomputations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 2.6 to 4.6 ft. The worst-case \ncontraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. The left \nabutment scour ranged from 11.6 to 12.1 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at \nthe incipient road-overtopping discharge. The right abutment scour ranged from 13.6 to \n17.9 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional \ninformation on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour \nResults”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented \nin Tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in Figure \n8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a \nhomogeneous particle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 46). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr97814","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Burns, R.L., and Degnan, J.R., 1997, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 16, (NEWBTH00500016) on Town Highway 50, crossing Halls Brook, Newbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-814, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97814.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr97814.PNG"},{"id":279652,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0814/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Newbury","otherGeospatial":"Halls Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.207802,44.029626 ], [ -72.207802,44.192053 ], [ -72.030133,44.192053 ], [ -72.030133,44.029626 ], [ -72.207802,44.029626 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Ronda L.","contributorId":71602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Ronda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Degnan, James R. 0000-0002-5665-9010 jrdegnan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-9010","contributorId":498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Degnan","given":"James","email":"jrdegnan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}