Recently compiled data on the state of stress have been used to define stress provinces in the conterminous United States in which the orientation and relative magnitude of the horizontal principal stresses are fairly uniform. The observed patterns of stress constrain mechanisms for generating intraplate lithospheric stresses. Coupled with new information on geologic structure and tectonism in seismically active areas of the Midcontinent and East, these data help to define some characteristics common to these areas and to identify key questions regarding why certain faults seem to be seismically active.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.213.4503.96","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., and Zoback, M., 1981, State of stress and intraplate earthquakes in the United States: Science, v. 213, no. 4503, p. 96-104, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.213.4503.96.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n [\n -162.255031,\n 54.978353\n ],\n [\n -162.30058,\n 54.832594\n ],\n [\n -162.41737,\n 54.877491\n ],\n [\n -162.255031,\n 54.978353\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -160.0179,\n 55.15613\n ],\n [\n -159.889174,\n 55.287138\n ],\n [\n -159.905365,\n 55.164689\n ],\n [\n -159.816419,\n 55.178051\n ],\n [\n -160.183466,\n 54.91568\n ],\n [\n -160.191392,\n 55.108574\n ],\n [\n -160.0179,\n 55.15613\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -159.455311,\n 55.061452\n ],\n [\n -159.328791,\n 54.980598\n ],\n [\n -159.426615,\n 54.942266\n ],\n [\n -159.455311,\n 55.061452\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -161.718614,\n 55.154166\n ],\n [\n -161.608634,\n 55.116906\n ],\n [\n -161.862504,\n 55.127598\n ],\n [\n -161.718614,\n 55.154166\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -160.506927,\n 55.32773\n ],\n [\n -160.486174,\n 55.193617\n ],\n [\n -160.806009,\n 55.12567\n ],\n [\n -160.797147,\n 55.381521\n ],\n [\n -160.344369,\n 55.362962\n ],\n [\n -160.330722,\n 55.261045\n ],\n [\n -160.506927,\n 55.32773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -160.21178,\n 55.455862\n ],\n [\n -160.141834,\n 55.387154\n ],\n [\n -160.27997,\n 55.395905\n ],\n [\n -160.21178,\n 55.455862\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -165.790523,\n 54.171758\n ],\n [\n -165.714198,\n 54.120815\n ],\n [\n -166.098255,\n 54.103538\n ],\n [\n -166.002465,\n 54.213629\n ],\n [\n -165.790523,\n 54.171758\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -165.523466,\n 54.299895\n ],\n [\n -165.405377,\n 54.212837\n ],\n [\n -165.629725,\n 54.132558\n ],\n [\n -165.681458,\n 54.236914\n ],\n [\n -165.523466,\n 54.299895\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -162.801865,\n 54.48944\n ],\n [\n -162.588883,\n 54.450064\n ],\n [\n -162.611891,\n 54.368077\n ],\n [\n -162.86005,\n 54.425452\n ],\n [\n -162.801865,\n 54.48944\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -170.286318,\n 57.128169\n ],\n [\n -170.311707,\n 57.219122\n ],\n [\n -170.161647,\n 57.229656\n ],\n [\n -170.286318,\n 57.128169\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -176.762478,\n 51.867878\n ],\n [\n -176.789558,\n 51.957211\n ],\n [\n -176.603598,\n 51.997056\n ],\n [\n -176.543309,\n 51.838624\n ],\n [\n -176.268243,\n 51.785498\n ],\n [\n -176.930952,\n 51.59247\n ],\n [\n -176.918065,\n 51.788003\n ],\n [\n -176.762478,\n 51.867878\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -177.800647,\n 51.778294\n ],\n [\n -177.909185,\n 51.596671\n ],\n [\n -178.172666,\n 51.839985\n ],\n [\n -177.615311,\n 51.85508\n ],\n [\n -177.800647,\n 51.778294\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -177.360408,\n 51.727533\n ],\n [\n -177.631523,\n 51.696844\n ],\n [\n -177.099266,\n 51.936119\n ],\n [\n -177.13096,\n 51.762772\n ],\n [\n -177.360408,\n 51.727533\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -174.301818,\n 52.278949\n ],\n [\n -174.408277,\n 52.289872\n ],\n [\n -174.185347,\n 52.417788\n ],\n [\n -173.989415,\n 52.325275\n ],\n [\n -174.177679,\n 52.233638\n ],\n [\n -174.090169,\n 52.139119\n ],\n [\n -175.27485,\n 52.018619\n ],\n [\n -174.301818,\n 52.278949\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -173.602446,\n 52.153773\n ],\n [\n -173.019588,\n 52.097881\n ],\n [\n -174.04675,\n 52.122403\n ],\n [\n -173.602446,\n 52.153773\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -168.211705,\n 53.256184\n ],\n [\n -169.041338,\n 52.839348\n ],\n [\n -168.617143,\n 53.260985\n ],\n [\n -168.366519,\n 53.252024\n ],\n [\n -168.315847,\n 53.481729\n ],\n [\n -167.816998,\n 53.517947\n ],\n [\n -167.872879,\n 53.36736\n ],\n [\n -168.211705,\n 53.256184\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -166.728918,\n 54.003111\n ],\n [\n -166.57509,\n 53.879236\n ],\n [\n -166.373689,\n 54.01003\n ],\n [\n -166.210964,\n 53.933557\n ],\n [\n -166.547438,\n 53.749404\n ],\n [\n -166.119922,\n 53.855048\n ],\n [\n -166.111317,\n 53.776856\n ],\n [\n -166.656234,\n 53.487119\n ],\n [\n -167.798984,\n 53.284757\n ],\n [\n -167.102305,\n 53.515077\n ],\n [\n -167.16164,\n 53.605909\n ],\n [\n -167.041245,\n 53.707929\n ],\n [\n -166.779991,\n 53.719126\n ],\n [\n -167.141966,\n 53.826932\n ],\n [\n -166.728918,\n 54.003111\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -169.553937,\n 56.608682\n ],\n [\n -169.473138,\n 56.601741\n ],\n [\n -169.75575,\n 56.591922\n ],\n [\n -169.553937,\n 56.608682\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -165.721389,\n 60.16962\n ],\n [\n -165.539367,\n 59.965175\n ],\n [\n -166.157071,\n 59.748886\n ],\n [\n -167.111785,\n 59.989349\n ],\n [\n -167.421489,\n 60.205431\n ],\n [\n -166.847438,\n 60.213592\n ],\n [\n -166.124379,\n 60.414253\n ],\n [\n -165.697326,\n 60.297238\n ],\n [\n -165.721389,\n 60.16962\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -173.052751,\n 60.515252\n ],\n [\n -172.951862,\n 60.605671\n ],\n [\n -172.269754,\n 60.333887\n ],\n [\n -172.595895,\n 60.318233\n ],\n [\n -173.052751,\n 60.515252\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -160.918586,\n 58.746935\n ],\n [\n -160.700627,\n 58.817368\n ],\n [\n -160.880515,\n 58.581325\n ],\n [\n -161.07563,\n 58.549916\n ],\n [\n -160.918586,\n 58.746935\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -151.930565,\n 60.51632\n ],\n [\n -151.839194,\n 60.485862\n ],\n [\n -152.079995,\n 60.341191\n ],\n [\n -151.930565,\n 60.51632\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -131.246018,\n 54.989555\n ],\n [\n -131.253671,\n 54.866779\n ],\n [\n -131.469097,\n 54.913153\n ],\n [\n -131.246018,\n 54.989555\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -131.759896,\n 55.381845\n ],\n [\n -131.748334,\n 55.128588\n ],\n [\n -131.870568,\n 55.364553\n ],\n [\n -131.759896,\n 55.381845\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -158.800682,\n 55.891025\n ],\n [\n -158.7036,\n 55.841532\n ],\n [\n -158.889198,\n 55.810123\n ],\n [\n -158.800682,\n 55.891025\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -131.56956,\n 55.284114\n ],\n [\n -131.350575,\n 55.067042\n ],\n [\n -131.579882,\n 55.017576\n ],\n [\n -131.56956,\n 55.284114\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -133.344847,\n 55.569327\n ],\n [\n -133.289854,\n 55.50187\n ],\n [\n -133.609073,\n 55.241486\n ],\n [\n -133.690174,\n 55.304409\n ],\n [\n -133.733029,\n 55.558757\n ],\n [\n -133.644202,\n 55.470815\n ],\n [\n -133.344847,\n 55.569327\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -133.104304,\n 55.426907\n ],\n [\n -133.416549,\n 55.739647\n ],\n [\n -133.701152,\n 55.78516\n ],\n [\n -133.347915,\n 55.803943\n ],\n [\n -133.384089,\n 55.87677\n ],\n [\n -133.799931,\n 55.925349\n ],\n [\n -133.548802,\n 56.14284\n ],\n [\n -133.593728,\n 56.352192\n ],\n [\n -133.094977,\n 56.250583\n ],\n [\n -132.146062,\n 55.470346\n ],\n [\n -132.514798,\n 55.576767\n ],\n [\n -132.608786,\n 55.486348\n ],\n [\n -132.408317,\n 55.512522\n ],\n [\n -132.166857,\n 55.363039\n ],\n [\n -132.214912,\n 55.2457\n ],\n [\n -131.979818,\n 55.211787\n ],\n [\n -132.180334,\n 55.015557\n ],\n [\n -131.984592,\n 55.027978\n ],\n [\n -131.999591,\n 54.731975\n ],\n [\n -132.142277,\n 54.691674\n ],\n [\n -132.55839,\n 54.932612\n ],\n [\n -132.598675,\n 55.150482\n ],\n [\n -132.748854,\n 54.996007\n ],\n [\n -133.119294,\n 55.251405\n ],\n [\n -132.909706,\n 54.923594\n ],\n [\n -132.650001,\n 54.904387\n ],\n [\n -132.676226,\n 54.680865\n ],\n [\n -132.866355,\n 54.700386\n ],\n [\n -133.21042,\n 55.040269\n ],\n [\n -133.223791,\n 55.229317\n ],\n [\n -133.473593,\n 55.255547\n ],\n [\n -133.021557,\n 55.366336\n ],\n [\n -133.104304,\n 55.426907\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -147.483828,\n 60.618636\n ],\n [\n -147.487635,\n 60.728092\n ],\n [\n -147.3087,\n 60.665274\n ],\n [\n -147.483828,\n 60.618636\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -147.217704,\n 60.293504\n ],\n [\n -146.962633,\n 60.311911\n ],\n [\n -147.533041,\n 59.852401\n ],\n [\n -147.912883,\n 59.79224\n ],\n [\n -147.217704,\n 60.293504\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -147.562801,\n 60.579821\n ],\n [\n -147.720124,\n 60.202002\n ],\n [\n -147.908985,\n 60.224359\n ],\n [\n -147.782548,\n 60.4833\n ],\n [\n -147.562801,\n 60.579821\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -132.977163,\n 56.439673\n ],\n [\n -132.634335,\n 56.422174\n ],\n [\n -132.662081,\n 56.274795\n ],\n [\n -133.010587,\n 56.309492\n ],\n [\n -132.977163,\n 56.439673\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -135.631777,\n 58.380673\n ],\n [\n -135.538502,\n 58.337842\n ],\n [\n -135.727908,\n 58.365444\n ],\n [\n -135.631777,\n 58.380673\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -134.713987,\n 58.220748\n ],\n [\n -134.215981,\n 58.162128\n ],\n [\n -133.832895,\n 57.635733\n ],\n [\n -134.202353,\n 57.90633\n ],\n [\n -133.870327,\n 57.381298\n ],\n [\n -134.565687,\n 57.023737\n ],\n [\n -134.646773,\n 57.226327\n ],\n [\n -134.578511,\n 57.400291\n ],\n [\n -134.486023,\n 57.372492\n ],\n [\n -134.969189,\n 58.367542\n ],\n [\n -134.713987,\n 58.220748\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -155.656727,\n 55.860872\n ],\n [\n -155.564404,\n 55.809476\n ],\n [\n -155.718593,\n 55.772356\n ],\n [\n -155.656727,\n 55.860872\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -152.24289,\n 58.241192\n ],\n [\n -152.265111,\n 58.135732\n ],\n [\n -152.562829,\n 58.177979\n ],\n [\n -152.706831,\n 58.050577\n ],\n [\n -153.075746,\n 58.099571\n ],\n [\n -152.876788,\n 58.002307\n ],\n [\n -152.982406,\n 57.984697\n ],\n [\n -153.419783,\n 58.059638\n ],\n [\n -153.156402,\n 58.090087\n ],\n [\n -153.209672,\n 58.15035\n ],\n [\n -152.610955,\n 58.475775\n ],\n [\n -152.56771,\n 58.621304\n ],\n [\n -152.354709,\n 58.63828\n ],\n [\n -152.493991,\n 58.354684\n ],\n [\n -152.328063,\n 58.434372\n ],\n [\n -151.964103,\n 58.269049\n ],\n [\n -152.081083,\n 58.154275\n ],\n [\n -152.24289,\n 58.241192\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -153.940505,\n 56.558317\n ],\n [\n -154.343096,\n 56.510171\n ],\n [\n -154.223759,\n 56.612955\n ],\n [\n -153.940505,\n 56.558317\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -152.417424,\n 57.815464\n ],\n [\n -152.324284,\n 57.824444\n ],\n [\n -152.468172,\n 57.600996\n ],\n [\n -152.179531,\n 57.624809\n ],\n [\n -152.323683,\n 57.467861\n ],\n [\n -152.9663,\n 57.51217\n ],\n [\n -152.601148,\n 57.382165\n ],\n [\n -153.079288,\n 57.32196\n ],\n [\n -152.97091,\n 57.282624\n ],\n [\n -153.163333,\n 57.216713\n ],\n [\n -152.874839,\n 57.16095\n ],\n [\n -153.301142,\n 56.991192\n ],\n [\n -153.328206,\n 57.141993\n ],\n [\n -153.675981,\n 57.06983\n ],\n [\n -153.543429,\n 56.995245\n ],\n [\n -153.97178,\n 56.744861\n ],\n [\n -154.129017,\n 56.742168\n ],\n [\n -153.804787,\n 57.113158\n ],\n [\n -154.298965,\n 56.846479\n ],\n [\n -154.574343,\n 57.239919\n ],\n [\n -154.777368,\n 57.280008\n ],\n [\n -154.629678,\n 57.510197\n ],\n [\n -154.22566,\n 57.661366\n ],\n [\n -153.994572,\n 57.656905\n ],\n [\n -153.802932,\n 57.350896\n ],\n [\n -153.877756,\n 57.629529\n ],\n [\n -153.667261,\n 57.639008\n ],\n [\n -153.93522,\n 57.813047\n ],\n [\n -153.721176,\n 57.890615\n ],\n [\n -153.557647,\n 57.734741\n ],\n [\n -153.324872,\n 57.831048\n ],\n [\n -153.528697,\n 57.921717\n ],\n [\n -153.469421,\n 57.977282\n ],\n [\n -153.127278,\n 57.856748\n ],\n [\n -153.299009,\n 57.985626\n ],\n [\n -152.723425,\n 57.99172\n ],\n [\n -152.904312,\n 57.750825\n ],\n [\n -152.415177,\n 57.973081\n ],\n [\n -152.324103,\n 57.916604\n ],\n [\n -152.417424,\n 57.815464\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -134.283312,\n 55.925175\n ],\n [\n -134.173104,\n 55.918519\n ],\n [\n -134.327238,\n 55.83644\n ],\n [\n -134.283312,\n 55.925175\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -134.121514,\n 56.069847\n ],\n [\n -134.224073,\n 56.065223\n ],\n [\n -134.292353,\n 56.352644\n ],\n [\n -134.067466,\n 56.390987\n ],\n [\n -134.089604,\n 56.472582\n ],\n [\n -134.401407,\n 56.725419\n ],\n [\n -134.339168,\n 56.90183\n ],\n [\n -134.19095,\n 56.861675\n ],\n [\n -134.273113,\n 56.933823\n ],\n [\n -133.76778,\n 56.780469\n ],\n [\n -133.713331,\n 56.598298\n ],\n [\n -133.895746,\n 56.511217\n ],\n [\n -133.971228,\n 56.083293\n ],\n [\n -134.054411,\n 56.224854\n ],\n [\n -134.121514,\n 56.069847\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -132.546463,\n 56.606563\n ],\n [\n -132.984751,\n 56.51264\n ],\n [\n -133.325392,\n 56.791864\n ],\n [\n -133.089388,\n 56.535474\n ],\n [\n -133.603669,\n 56.435413\n ],\n [\n -133.689996,\n 56.839421\n ],\n [\n -134.049218,\n 57.029203\n ],\n [\n -133.104611,\n 57.005701\n ],\n [\n -132.546463,\n 56.606563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -134.666587,\n 56.169947\n ],\n [\n -135.054049,\n 56.527658\n ],\n [\n -135.005249,\n 56.602252\n ],\n [\n -135.398678,\n 56.779201\n ],\n [\n -135.372021,\n 57.228003\n ],\n [\n -135.674687,\n 57.336747\n ],\n [\n -135.526036,\n 57.509697\n ],\n [\n -134.849477,\n 57.40967\n ],\n [\n -134.615955,\n 56.637289\n ],\n [\n -134.666587,\n 56.169947\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -135.587961,\n 57.89732\n ],\n [\n -135.29156,\n 57.737468\n ],\n [\n -134.929726,\n 57.759203\n ],\n [\n -134.824891,\n 57.500067\n ],\n [\n -135.025148,\n 57.454315\n ],\n [\n -135.571606,\n 57.674397\n ],\n [\n -135.669416,\n 57.389296\n ],\n [\n -135.892131,\n 57.408048\n ],\n [\n -136.563223,\n 58.035052\n ],\n [\n -136.354836,\n 58.192279\n ],\n [\n -136.404805,\n 58.267232\n ],\n [\n -136.239246,\n 58.171913\n ],\n [\n -135.823562,\n 58.282975\n ],\n [\n -135.522646,\n 58.185909\n ],\n [\n -135.581753,\n 57.997568\n ],\n [\n -135.420107,\n 58.144202\n ],\n [\n -134.912854,\n 57.979287\n ],\n [\n -135.140674,\n 57.926114\n ],\n [\n -134.991819,\n 57.835436\n ],\n [\n -135.19896,\n 57.775092\n ],\n [\n -135.587961,\n 57.89732\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -135.703464,\n 57.32204\n ],\n [\n -135.575722,\n 57.104231\n ],\n [\n -135.854131,\n 56.995043\n ],\n [\n -135.755997,\n 57.121225\n ],\n [\n -135.849974,\n 57.265895\n ],\n [\n -135.703464,\n 57.32204\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -162.587754,\n 63.275727\n ],\n [\n -162.252411,\n 63.541753\n ],\n [\n -161.310181,\n 63.471312\n ],\n [\n -160.809089,\n 63.731332\n ],\n [\n -160.976038,\n 64.235761\n ],\n [\n -161.492926,\n 64.407851\n ],\n [\n -161.388621,\n 64.532783\n ],\n [\n -161.024185,\n 64.499719\n ],\n [\n -160.783398,\n 64.71716\n ],\n [\n -161.149655,\n 64.911985\n ],\n [\n -161.42986,\n 64.759027\n ],\n [\n -162.188146,\n 64.672395\n ],\n [\n -162.790167,\n 64.325182\n ],\n [\n -162.940776,\n 64.542417\n ],\n [\n -163.217757,\n 64.632062\n ],\n [\n -163.311983,\n 64.58828\n ],\n [\n -163.033231,\n 64.519314\n ],\n [\n -163.175336,\n 64.399334\n ],\n [\n -163.597834,\n 64.563356\n ],\n [\n -165.001961,\n 64.433917\n ],\n [\n -166.189546,\n 64.575798\n ],\n [\n -166.451788,\n 64.691761\n ],\n [\n -166.410198,\n 64.827968\n ],\n [\n -166.530518,\n 64.937114\n ],\n [\n -166.911922,\n 65.125965\n ],\n [\n -166.521506,\n 65.149242\n ],\n [\n -166.439404,\n 65.319058\n ],\n [\n -167.398458,\n 65.400259\n ],\n [\n -168.127044,\n 65.626584\n ],\n [\n -165.80503,\n 66.33331\n ],\n [\n -164.400727,\n 66.58111\n ],\n [\n -163.754171,\n 66.551284\n ],\n [\n -163.904813,\n 66.230303\n ],\n [\n -164.046937,\n 66.209404\n ],\n [\n -163.623921,\n 66.058281\n ],\n [\n -161.838018,\n 66.022582\n ],\n [\n -161.548429,\n 66.239912\n ],\n [\n -161.067871,\n 66.235164\n ],\n [\n -161.360743,\n 66.375943\n ],\n [\n -161.912946,\n 66.344436\n ],\n [\n -161.87488,\n 66.511446\n ],\n [\n -162.501415,\n 66.742503\n ],\n [\n -162.601052,\n 66.898455\n ],\n [\n -162.271769,\n 66.904144\n ],\n [\n -162.013623,\n 66.779406\n ],\n [\n -162.033156,\n 66.631585\n ],\n [\n -161.624334,\n 66.450143\n ],\n [\n -161.326349,\n 66.478371\n ],\n [\n -161.86618,\n 66.704978\n ],\n [\n -161.719587,\n 66.916898\n ],\n [\n -161.485121,\n 66.945647\n ],\n [\n -161.62216,\n 67.008146\n ],\n [\n -163.69887,\n 67.114443\n ],\n [\n -163.878781,\n 67.416125\n ],\n [\n -164.209816,\n 67.639079\n ],\n [\n -166.784578,\n 68.340431\n ],\n [\n -166.305962,\n 68.46154\n ],\n [\n -166.222496,\n 68.860441\n ],\n [\n -163.973678,\n 68.985044\n ],\n [\n -163.137614,\n 69.352178\n ],\n [\n -163.016456,\n 69.538142\n ],\n [\n -163.118176,\n 69.589156\n ],\n [\n -162.916958,\n 69.692512\n ],\n [\n -163.010545,\n 69.728109\n ],\n [\n -161.922949,\n 70.291599\n ],\n [\n -160.839536,\n 70.344534\n ],\n [\n -159.209082,\n 70.870067\n ],\n [\n -159.132483,\n 70.828359\n ],\n [\n -159.290577,\n 70.811262\n ],\n [\n -159.13779,\n 70.758609\n ],\n [\n -157.768452,\n 70.875842\n ],\n [\n -156.56865,\n 71.352561\n ],\n [\n -155.513987,\n 71.096794\n ],\n [\n -155.95205,\n 70.964831\n ],\n [\n -155.969194,\n 70.827982\n ],\n [\n -155.543031,\n 70.847175\n ],\n [\n -155.03174,\n 71.146473\n ],\n [\n -154.61605,\n 71.026182\n ],\n [\n -154.577386,\n 70.835335\n ],\n [\n -154.181863,\n 70.768325\n ],\n [\n -153.23848,\n 70.922467\n ],\n [\n -152.259966,\n 70.84282\n ],\n [\n -152.187197,\n 70.801546\n ],\n [\n -152.471531,\n 70.68884\n ],\n [\n -152.433781,\n 70.616926\n ],\n [\n -151.695162,\n 70.549675\n ],\n [\n -151.91921,\n 70.472686\n ],\n [\n -151.844375,\n 70.434959\n ],\n [\n -149.461755,\n 70.518271\n ],\n [\n -147.681722,\n 70.199954\n ],\n [\n -145.842689,\n 70.164102\n ],\n [\n -144.902304,\n 69.96451\n ],\n [\n -143.574986,\n 70.154598\n ],\n [\n -142.746807,\n 70.042531\n ],\n [\n -141.377718,\n 69.634631\n ],\n [\n -141.002672,\n 69.645609\n ],\n [\n -141.00184,\n 60.306105\n ],\n [\n -139.989142,\n 60.18524\n ],\n [\n -139.738924,\n 60.31842\n ],\n [\n -139.086669,\n 60.357654\n ],\n [\n -139.200346,\n 60.090701\n ],\n [\n -137.604277,\n 59.243057\n ],\n [\n -137.526424,\n 58.906834\n ],\n [\n -136.581521,\n 59.164909\n ],\n [\n -136.474326,\n 59.464194\n ],\n [\n -136.234229,\n 59.524731\n ],\n [\n -136.256889,\n 59.623646\n ],\n [\n -135.477436,\n 59.799626\n ],\n [\n -135.254125,\n 59.701339\n ],\n [\n -135.027456,\n 59.563692\n ],\n [\n -134.961972,\n 59.280376\n ],\n [\n -134.702383,\n 59.247836\n ],\n [\n -134.250526,\n 58.858046\n ],\n [\n -133.379908,\n 58.427909\n ],\n [\n -133.461475,\n 58.385526\n ],\n [\n -132.29792,\n 57.269469\n ],\n [\n -132.371312,\n 57.095229\n ],\n [\n -132.051044,\n 57.051155\n ],\n [\n -132.080262,\n 56.850926\n ],\n [\n -131.9301,\n 56.835211\n ],\n [\n -131.849898,\n 56.661227\n ],\n [\n -130.102761,\n 56.116696\n ],\n [\n -130.023189,\n 55.930665\n ],\n [\n -130.150595,\n 55.767031\n ],\n [\n -129.982348,\n 55.302079\n ],\n [\n -130.409764,\n 54.881192\n ],\n [\n -130.854966,\n 54.766341\n ],\n [\n -131.093806,\n 55.191335\n ],\n [\n -130.925069,\n 55.300713\n ],\n [\n -130.901872,\n 55.69738\n ],\n [\n -131.093956,\n 55.895675\n ],\n [\n -131.243491,\n 55.973689\n ],\n [\n -130.94683,\n 55.650716\n ],\n [\n -130.959772,\n 55.315892\n ],\n [\n -131.000594,\n 55.398012\n ],\n [\n -131.160492,\n 55.197481\n ],\n [\n -131.263089,\n 55.208318\n ],\n [\n -131.191595,\n 55.360527\n ],\n [\n -131.402931,\n 55.238065\n ],\n [\n -131.828446,\n 55.445214\n ],\n [\n -131.664629,\n 55.581525\n ],\n [\n -131.713742,\n 55.853263\n ],\n [\n -131.828176,\n 55.877284\n ],\n [\n -131.936689,\n 55.535151\n ],\n [\n -132.183207,\n 55.588128\n ],\n [\n -132.283594,\n 55.761774\n ],\n [\n -132.067412,\n 55.875078\n ],\n [\n -131.943402,\n 56.192557\n ],\n [\n -132.320487,\n 55.887648\n ],\n [\n -132.708697,\n 56.112124\n ],\n [\n -132.543076,\n 56.332276\n ],\n [\n -132.382793,\n 56.299203\n ],\n [\n -132.394268,\n 56.485579\n ],\n [\n -132.204367,\n 56.372086\n ],\n [\n -132.371589,\n 56.672473\n ],\n [\n -132.528446,\n 56.702056\n ],\n [\n -132.432385,\n 56.782385\n ],\n [\n -132.770404,\n 56.837486\n ],\n [\n -132.91197,\n 56.966651\n ],\n [\n -132.813684,\n 57.030218\n ],\n [\n -133.466932,\n 57.159356\n ],\n [\n -133.489738,\n 57.305192\n ],\n [\n -133.287052,\n 57.30292\n ],\n [\n -133.475998,\n 57.380394\n ],\n [\n -133.478086,\n 57.56173\n ],\n [\n -133.65855,\n 57.707924\n ],\n [\n -133.234598,\n 57.608749\n ],\n [\n -134.087674,\n 58.181952\n ],\n [\n -134.631203,\n 58.247446\n ],\n [\n -135.368331,\n 59.263275\n ],\n [\n -135.295084,\n 59.08761\n ],\n [\n -135.38931,\n 58.990528\n ],\n [\n -135.142322,\n 58.61637\n ],\n [\n -135.056227,\n 58.189884\n ],\n [\n -135.433061,\n 58.399899\n ],\n [\n -135.90731,\n 58.380839\n ],\n [\n -136.120307,\n 58.968418\n ],\n [\n -136.150772,\n 58.757266\n ],\n [\n -136.247343,\n 58.752935\n ],\n [\n -136.877826,\n 58.962392\n ],\n [\n -136.928643,\n 58.900131\n ],\n [\n -136.463258,\n 58.781607\n ],\n [\n -136.422309,\n 58.647412\n ],\n [\n -136.246368,\n 58.663185\n ],\n [\n -136.041818,\n 58.380161\n ],\n [\n -136.70125,\n 58.219416\n ],\n [\n -137.608804,\n 58.601234\n ],\n [\n -138.131,\n 59.002613\n ],\n [\n -139.855565,\n 59.53666\n ],\n [\n -139.51818,\n 59.687814\n ],\n [\n -139.625896,\n 59.904084\n ],\n [\n -139.486032,\n 60.012407\n ],\n [\n -140.272266,\n 59.700609\n ],\n [\n -141.423134,\n 59.877329\n ],\n [\n -141.299609,\n 59.937397\n ],\n [\n -141.384318,\n 60.071598\n ],\n [\n -141.73624,\n 59.961905\n ],\n [\n -142.698419,\n 60.093333\n ],\n [\n -144.035037,\n 60.020202\n ],\n [\n -144.59088,\n 59.795581\n ],\n [\n -144.052539,\n 60.041759\n ],\n [\n -144.892815,\n 60.292821\n ],\n [\n -144.964135,\n 60.444466\n ],\n [\n -145.113885,\n 60.300978\n ],\n [\n -145.9469,\n 60.455395\n ],\n [\n -145.712891,\n 60.583249\n ],\n [\n -146.689523,\n 60.271279\n ],\n [\n -146.637783,\n 60.467178\n ],\n [\n -145.795141,\n 60.601121\n ],\n [\n -145.841742,\n 60.685893\n ],\n [\n -146.253471,\n 60.622315\n ],\n [\n -146.101458,\n 60.719277\n ],\n [\n -146.191553,\n 60.73199\n ],\n [\n -146.668151,\n 60.692761\n ],\n [\n -146.183555,\n 60.846969\n ],\n [\n -146.262969,\n 60.867787\n ],\n [\n -146.801009,\n 60.80516\n ],\n [\n -146.653827,\n 61.047752\n ],\n [\n -146.262451,\n 61.090246\n ],\n [\n -146.613659,\n 61.118799\n ],\n [\n -147.378483,\n 60.877845\n ],\n [\n -147.525453,\n 60.896057\n ],\n [\n -147.514173,\n 61.096127\n ],\n [\n -147.66899,\n 60.841563\n ],\n [\n -148.134384,\n 60.791268\n ],\n [\n -147.715826,\n 61.249669\n ],\n [\n -148.426951,\n 60.827113\n ],\n [\n -148.384491,\n 60.687754\n ],\n [\n -148.148059,\n 60.758536\n ],\n [\n -148.091712,\n 60.676249\n ],\n [\n -148.30652,\n 60.550702\n ],\n [\n -148.115163,\n 60.596029\n ],\n [\n -147.942106,\n 60.444029\n ],\n [\n -148.025994,\n 60.279029\n ],\n [\n -148.171278,\n 60.335266\n ],\n [\n -148.362497,\n 60.221849\n ],\n [\n -147.913221,\n 60.132576\n ],\n [\n -148.016432,\n 59.999344\n ],\n [\n -147.848469,\n 60.078962\n ],\n [\n -147.917935,\n 59.985997\n ],\n [\n -148.225235,\n 59.950195\n ],\n [\n -148.148011,\n 59.994952\n ],\n [\n -148.274241,\n 60.013318\n ],\n [\n -148.293213,\n 60.151289\n ],\n [\n -148.401601,\n 59.9976\n ],\n [\n -149.133115,\n 60.044918\n ],\n [\n -149.287588,\n 59.906506\n ],\n [\n -149.341584,\n 60.076762\n ],\n [\n -149.584254,\n 59.866905\n ],\n [\n -149.526358,\n 59.703258\n ],\n [\n -149.666147,\n 59.850527\n ],\n [\n -149.746364,\n 59.860881\n ],\n [\n -149.74622,\n 59.637585\n ],\n [\n -150.028296,\n 59.788652\n ],\n [\n -149.928962,\n 59.723245\n ],\n [\n -150.392481,\n 59.387265\n ],\n [\n -150.316945,\n 59.585285\n ],\n [\n -150.478742,\n 59.458498\n ],\n [\n -150.547729,\n 59.590331\n ],\n [\n -150.942212,\n 59.233136\n ],\n [\n -151.915684,\n 59.227522\n ],\n [\n -151.991618,\n 59.313617\n ],\n [\n -151.826047,\n 59.439049\n ],\n [\n -151.272459,\n 59.555823\n ],\n [\n -150.927312,\n 59.793431\n ],\n [\n -151.503822,\n 59.633662\n ],\n [\n -151.829137,\n 59.720151\n ],\n [\n -151.71801,\n 60.009473\n ],\n [\n -151.30609,\n 60.387257\n ],\n [\n -151.40927,\n 60.720558\n ],\n [\n -150.353702,\n 61.031822\n ],\n [\n -150.217179,\n 60.930001\n ],\n [\n -149.111617,\n 60.878949\n ],\n [\n -150.039304,\n 61.144291\n ],\n [\n -149.429513,\n 61.447165\n ],\n [\n -149.542776,\n 61.489995\n ],\n [\n -149.919682,\n 61.26347\n ],\n [\n -150.646221,\n 61.296689\n ],\n [\n -151.783271,\n 60.868713\n ],\n [\n -151.702833,\n 60.727778\n ],\n [\n -151.860179,\n 60.753282\n ],\n [\n -152.309221,\n 60.506384\n ],\n [\n -152.234199,\n 60.393888\n ],\n [\n -152.715881,\n 60.241274\n ],\n [\n -152.596784,\n 60.101071\n ],\n [\n -152.745083,\n 59.904232\n ],\n [\n -153.225937,\n 59.858343\n ],\n [\n -153.021945,\n 59.834133\n ],\n [\n -153.214156,\n 59.634271\n ],\n [\n -153.366613,\n 59.633729\n ],\n [\n -153.439977,\n 59.784652\n ],\n [\n -153.577828,\n 59.555991\n ],\n [\n -154.087803,\n 59.367967\n ],\n [\n -154.260121,\n 59.14302\n ],\n [\n -153.254798,\n 58.861756\n ],\n [\n -153.445002,\n 58.70931\n ],\n [\n -153.851432,\n 58.611872\n ],\n [\n -154.291163,\n 58.13568\n ],\n [\n -154.990431,\n 58.013424\n ],\n [\n -155.37861,\n 57.710766\n ],\n [\n -155.617188,\n 57.769715\n ],\n [\n -155.731412,\n 57.555546\n ],\n [\n -156.044031,\n 57.564455\n ],\n [\n -156.036722,\n 57.470941\n ],\n [\n -156.481632,\n 57.338705\n ],\n [\n -156.551239,\n 57.2908\n ],\n [\n -156.336427,\n 57.336081\n ],\n [\n -156.355401,\n 57.159679\n ],\n [\n -156.5472,\n 56.986488\n ],\n [\n -157.201724,\n 56.767511\n ],\n [\n -157.45759,\n 56.848204\n ],\n [\n -157.536486,\n 56.615317\n ],\n [\n -158.042012,\n 56.596744\n ],\n [\n -157.859766,\n 56.483668\n ],\n [\n -158.402954,\n 56.455193\n ],\n [\n -158.498837,\n 56.38011\n ],\n [\n -158.112718,\n 56.240286\n ],\n [\n -158.475258,\n 56.093405\n ],\n [\n -158.417889,\n 56.036796\n ],\n [\n -158.575042,\n 56.121129\n ],\n [\n -158.737009,\n 55.953313\n ],\n [\n -159.472801,\n 55.83905\n ],\n [\n -159.696713,\n 55.573306\n ],\n [\n -159.627482,\n 55.803248\n ],\n [\n -159.81107,\n 55.85657\n ],\n [\n -160.410823,\n 55.66538\n ],\n [\n -160.481633,\n 55.489068\n ],\n [\n -160.909625,\n 55.52414\n ],\n [\n -161.231535,\n 55.357452\n ],\n [\n -161.445196,\n 55.368103\n ],\n [\n -161.376102,\n 55.569794\n ],\n [\n -161.587047,\n 55.62006\n ],\n [\n -161.878076,\n 55.223599\n ],\n [\n -162.041236,\n 55.236806\n ],\n [\n -162.053281,\n 55.074212\n ],\n [\n -162.489735,\n 55.064849\n ],\n [\n -162.4168,\n 55.104096\n ],\n [\n -162.584872,\n 55.298386\n ],\n [\n -162.692309,\n 55.197313\n ],\n [\n -162.569289,\n 54.97124\n ],\n [\n -162.881639,\n 54.934785\n ],\n [\n -163.165036,\n 55.099214\n ],\n [\n -163.226313,\n 55.042694\n ],\n [\n -163.067008,\n 54.979302\n ],\n [\n -163.373207,\n 54.800841\n ],\n [\n -163.057228,\n 54.688101\n ],\n [\n -163.344791,\n 54.751211\n ],\n [\n -163.572383,\n 54.623211\n ],\n [\n -164.179617,\n 54.599188\n ],\n [\n -164.41682,\n 54.431713\n ],\n [\n -164.844931,\n 54.417583\n ],\n [\n -164.949781,\n 54.575697\n ],\n [\n -164.48678,\n 54.922441\n ],\n [\n -163.568159,\n 55.049145\n ],\n [\n -163.318885,\n 54.88012\n ],\n [\n -163.268767,\n 55.145465\n ],\n [\n -162.86152,\n 55.198339\n ],\n [\n -161.816225,\n 55.888993\n ],\n [\n -160.898682,\n 55.999014\n ],\n [\n -160.814205,\n 55.953834\n ],\n [\n -160.940845,\n 55.822529\n ],\n [\n -160.806014,\n 55.738241\n ],\n [\n -160.668102,\n 55.723556\n ],\n [\n -160.769155,\n 55.858268\n ],\n [\n -160.293924,\n 55.765556\n ],\n [\n -160.273176,\n 55.856881\n ],\n [\n -160.534541,\n 55.989498\n ],\n [\n -160.357156,\n 56.279582\n ],\n [\n -158.957471,\n 56.851184\n ],\n [\n -158.660298,\n 56.789015\n ],\n [\n -158.659945,\n 57.034585\n ],\n [\n -158.376249,\n 57.265542\n ],\n [\n -157.786046,\n 57.542189\n ],\n [\n -157.573472,\n 57.522732\n ],\n [\n -157.703782,\n 57.721768\n ],\n [\n -157.596601,\n 58.08867\n ],\n [\n -157.39735,\n 58.173383\n ],\n [\n -157.524477,\n 58.414506\n ],\n [\n -156.980888,\n 58.891031\n ],\n [\n -158.190283,\n 58.61371\n ],\n [\n -158.512547,\n 58.78311\n ],\n [\n -158.487015,\n 58.999872\n ],\n [\n -158.179588,\n 59.012245\n ],\n [\n -158.522231,\n 59.021763\n ],\n [\n -158.789632,\n 58.814257\n ],\n [\n -158.827852,\n 58.626432\n ],\n [\n -158.704052,\n 58.482759\n ],\n [\n -158.880927,\n 58.39067\n ],\n [\n -159.657362,\n 58.938712\n ],\n [\n -159.908386,\n 58.779903\n ],\n [\n -160.322922,\n 58.953953\n ],\n [\n -160.31778,\n 59.070477\n ],\n [\n -161.751999,\n 58.551842\n ],\n [\n -162.171722,\n 58.648441\n ],\n [\n -161.769501,\n 58.774937\n ],\n [\n -161.828171,\n 59.062702\n ],\n [\n -162.048584,\n 59.254177\n ],\n [\n -161.738312,\n 59.46701\n ],\n [\n -162.453176,\n 60.27854\n ],\n [\n -162.1724,\n 60.624038\n ],\n [\n -162.571198,\n 60.25189\n ],\n [\n -162.453176,\n 60.197639\n ],\n [\n -162.503647,\n 59.99923\n ],\n [\n -163.349027,\n 59.81989\n ],\n [\n -164.079837,\n 59.828034\n ],\n [\n -164.1916,\n 60.024496\n ],\n [\n -165.129403,\n 60.433707\n ],\n [\n -164.961439,\n 60.508391\n ],\n [\n -165.362975,\n 60.506866\n ],\n [\n -164.97125,\n 60.711434\n ],\n [\n -164.945958,\n 60.92106\n ],\n [\n -165.132488,\n 60.850145\n ],\n [\n -165.194945,\n 60.9739\n ],\n [\n -164.87045,\n 61.079564\n ],\n [\n -165.2897,\n 61.181714\n ],\n [\n -165.403007,\n 61.06706\n ],\n [\n -165.578127,\n 61.100361\n ],\n [\n -165.662892,\n 61.29457\n ],\n [\n -165.921194,\n 61.40308\n ],\n [\n -165.807627,\n 61.529171\n ],\n [\n -166.165232,\n 61.550618\n ],\n [\n -166.158976,\n 61.700437\n ],\n [\n -165.82214,\n 61.67061\n ],\n [\n -166.092081,\n 61.800733\n ],\n [\n -165.640216,\n 61.848041\n ],\n [\n -165.706155,\n 62.108365\n ],\n [\n -164.837703,\n 62.685267\n ],\n [\n -164.783858,\n 62.946154\n ],\n [\n -164.493118,\n 63.17767\n ],\n [\n -164.066991,\n 63.262276\n ],\n [\n -163.316203,\n 63.037763\n ],\n [\n -162.587754,\n 63.275727\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -169.267598,\n 63.343995\n ],\n [\n -168.692939,\n 63.302282\n ],\n [\n -168.818344,\n 63.163224\n ],\n [\n -169.396308,\n 63.136617\n ],\n [\n -169.638309,\n 62.937527\n ],\n [\n -170.512102,\n 63.341881\n ],\n [\n -171.067663,\n 63.424579\n ],\n [\n -171.433319,\n 63.307578\n ],\n [\n -171.849984,\n 63.485039\n ],\n [\n -171.699647,\n 63.781728\n ],\n [\n -170.950817,\n 63.570127\n ],\n [\n -170.281988,\n 63.68502\n ],\n [\n -169.974858,\n 63.470618\n ],\n [\n -169.267598,\n 63.343995\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -162.614621,\n 63.621832\n ],\n [\n -162.341892,\n 63.594062\n ],\n [\n -162.676581,\n 63.555648\n ],\n [\n -162.614621,\n 63.621832\n ]\n ]\n ],\n [\n [\n [\n -106.190554,\n 40.997607\n ],\n [\n -102.124972,\n 41.002338\n ],\n [\n -102.04192,\n 37.035083\n ],\n [\n -109.045223,\n 36.999084\n ],\n [\n -109.050076,\n 41.000659\n ],\n [\n -106.190554,\n 40.997607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n ]\n },\n \"properties\": {\n \"name\": \"Alaska\",\n \"nation\": \"USA \"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"213","issue":"4503","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96cee4b08c986b31b70a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mary Lou","contributorId":10029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mary Lou","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70211096,"text":"70211096 - 1981 - Overview of Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-16T18:13:21.296525","indexId":"70211096","displayToPublicDate":"1981-06-23T12:19:03","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption","docAbstract":"Dormant since 1857, Mount St. Helens Volcano in southwestern Washington stirred from its repose to erupt on March 27, 1980, following a week of premonitory earthquake activity. The eruption was the first in the conterminous United States since the 1914-1921 activity of Lassen Peak, California. The eruptive activity through May 17 was intermittent and relatively mild, but the accompanying seismic activity remained intense. On May 18, a catastrophic eruption, triggered by a magnitude 5.0 earthquake, produced a massive landslide/debris avalanche, a devastating lateral \"blast,\" pyroclastic flows, mudflows, and an ash column that rose more than 20 km into the stratosphere. Winds carried the ash easterly, and more than 7 cm of ash was deposited locally in parts of eastern Washington. The landslide/debris avalanche and associated mudflows caused flooding of the Toutle and Cowlitz River valleys, which carried sediment as far as the confluence with the Columbia, where it choked off the channel to navigation. Smaller but significant explosive eruptions followed in May, June, July, August, and October, 1980, with lava domes being extruded in the crater following the June, August, and October eruptions. Subsequently in December 1980 and February 1981, lava domes were extruded without significant preceding explosive activity. Except for the latter two, each dome was partly or wholly destroyed by succeeding explosive events. Scientists expect similar activity to continue for months or years--possibly even decades. The Mount St. Helens eruptions severely tested the ability of scientists to respond swiftly and effectively in assisting public officials during a geologic disaster. At the same time, they shall continue to provide an unprecedented opportunity for the systematic investigation of volcanic phenomena, and hopefully, the insight to meet possible future eruptions there and elsewhere in the Cascade Range with equal success.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Technical Symposium East","conferenceDate":"April 21-22, 1981","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.931919","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1981, Overview of Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 278, Washington, D.C., April 21-22, 1981, p. 3-10, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.931919.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.42683410644533,\n 46.03272582161419\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.03272582161419\n ],\n [\n -121.9647216796875,\n 46.33697302866841\n ],\n [\n -122.42683410644533,\n 46.33697302866841\n ],\n [\n -122.42683410644533,\n 46.03272582161419\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"278","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208961,"text":"70208961 - 1981 - Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T13:07:36","indexId":"70208961","displayToPublicDate":"1981-03-09T12:49:28","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada, consist of four structural blocks: (1) a Lower Permian volcanic block; (2) a Permian(?) chert-arenite block; (3) a Lower Permian limestone block; and (4) a Permian and Triassic block. The contacts between the Permian volcanic block and the others are interpreted as thrust faults or glide surfaces. None of these rocks are metamorphosed, in contrast to those of the surrounding mountain ranges. Each of the blocks is lithically similar in some respects to rocks of the Osgood Mountains area 80 km to the southeast. The fusulinid and brachiopod faunas of two of the blocks display affinities to those of the McCloud Limestone of northern California and the Coyote Butte Limestone of central Oregon, and the fauna of another block has elements in common with autochthonous rocks of eastern Nevada and Utah.
All four blocks probably are allochthonous with respect to the rocks exposed in the surrounding mountain ranges, but their points of origin remain obscure. The rocks at Quinn River Crossing provide a link among the Permian rocks of north-central Nevada, northern California, and central Oregon and a possible key to their original relations, but more comparative data are needed.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<123:PATRNQ>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1981, Permian and Triassic rocks near Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada: Geology, v. 9, no. 3, p. 123-126, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1981)9<123:PATRNQ>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt","otherGeospatial":"Quinn River Crossing","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-117.0293,42.0003],[-117.0175,42.0003],[-117.0171,41.6942],[-117.0173,41.667],[-117.0174,41.6457],[-117.0177,41.5167],[-117.0177,41.5113],[-117.0172,41.5018],[-117.0174,41.4732],[-117.0175,41.4586],[-117.0174,41.3842],[-117.0175,41.3697],[-117.0176,41.3556],[-117.0177,41.3411],[-117.0172,41.3266],[-117.0173,41.3107],[-117.0174,41.2971],[-117.0175,41.283],[-117.0176,41.268],[-117.0173,41.2249],[-117.0173,41.2109],[-117.0169,41.1954],[-117.0169,41.1809],[-117.017,41.1668],[-117.0177,41.1519],[-117.0173,41.1364],[-117.0169,41.0929],[-117.017,41.0779],[-117.0171,41.0639],[-117.0172,41.0493],[-117.0173,41.0344],[-117.0168,41.0203],[-117.0169,41.0058],[-117.017,41.0003],[-117.0164,40.9899],[-117.0171,40.9754],[-117.0166,40.9609],[-117.0167,40.9454],[-117.0168,40.9318],[-117.0169,40.9169],[-117.0176,40.9019],[-117.0171,40.8865],[-117.0172,40.8715],[-117.0173,40.8583],[-117.0168,40.8447],[-117.0175,40.8302],[-117.017,40.8148],[-117.0179,40.7712],[-117.0183,40.7123],[-117.019,40.6978],[-117.0179,40.6846],[-117.0174,40.6687],[-117.0169,40.6542],[-117.0164,40.6415],[-117.0357,40.642],[-117.0551,40.6417],[-117.0733,40.6417],[-117.0921,40.6418],[-117.1115,40.6414],[-117.1302,40.6414],[-117.1502,40.641],[-117.1684,40.6406],[-117.1866,40.6402],[-117.2078,40.6398],[-117.2272,40.6399],[-117.2459,40.6399],[-117.249,40.6358],[-117.2539,40.6254],[-117.2606,40.6105],[-117.2624,40.6064],[-117.2673,40.5964],[-117.274,40.5819],[-117.2807,40.567],[-117.2874,40.5525],[-117.2935,40.538],[-117.2977,40.5334],[-117.3008,40.5244],[-117.3007,40.5674],[-117.3,40.5815],[-117.3012,40.5965],[-117.3011,40.6105],[-117.3011,40.6259],[-117.3011,40.64],[-117.3016,40.655],[-117.3016,40.6699],[-117.3016,40.6827],[-117.4137,40.6828],[-117.4525,40.6833],[-117.4694,40.6833],[-117.4906,40.6833],[-117.5088,40.6837],[-117.5258,40.6837],[-117.5488,40.6837],[-117.5682,40.6837],[-117.5882,40.6837],[-117.6076,40.6837],[-117.6428,40.6836],[-117.6428,40.7122],[-117.6423,40.7281],[-117.6423,40.7439],[-117.6423,40.7571],[-117.6423,40.7703],[-117.6431,40.8438],[-117.6431,40.8574],[-117.6595,40.8573],[-117.679,40.8573],[-117.6984,40.8568],[-117.7185,40.8573],[-117.7373,40.8572],[-117.7549,40.8572],[-117.8497,40.8574],[-117.8691,40.8574],[-117.8898,40.8573],[-117.9092,40.8572],[-117.9293,40.8572],[-117.9487,40.8571],[-117.9676,40.857],[-117.9828,40.857],[-118.0046,40.8569],[-118.0229,40.8568],[-118.0423,40.8567],[-118.063,40.8567],[-118.0818,40.857],[-118.0988,40.8569],[-118.1183,40.8573],[-118.1365,40.8572],[-118.1553,40.8571],[-118.1754,40.857],[-118.1991,40.8569],[-118.2142,40.8573],[-118.2349,40.8567],[-118.255,40.8566],[-118.2738,40.8564],[-118.2932,40.8563],[-118.3127,40.8562],[-118.3291,40.8561],[-118.3509,40.856],[-118.3692,40.8563],[-118.388,40.8557],[-118.4081,40.856],[-118.4275,40.8559],[-118.4439,40.8558],[-118.4646,40.8556],[-118.4834,40.8555],[-118.5028,40.8553],[-118.5235,40.8551],[-118.5411,40.855],[-118.5435,40.855],[-118.6717,40.8548],[-118.6906,40.8546],[-118.7781,40.8556],[-118.7872,40.8555],[-118.7869,40.9049],[-118.7871,40.9172],[-118.7869,40.9426],[-118.7879,40.9607],[-118.8414,40.9606],[-118.9546,40.9607],[-119.0903,40.9591],[-119.1627,40.9591],[-119.3088,40.9589],[-119.3288,40.9586],[-119.3305,40.9999],[-119.3305,41.235],[-119.317,41.2352],[-119.3042,41.2354],[-119.3038,41.2676],[-119.3033,41.2957],[-119.3028,41.3225],[-119.302,41.3888],[-119.3021,41.4133],[-119.3229,41.413],[-119.323,41.443],[-119.3227,41.5256],[-119.3226,41.5905],[-119.3262,41.5905],[-119.3287,41.5905],[-119.3287,41.5918],[-119.3278,41.6963],[-119.3275,41.7103],[-119.3279,41.7703],[-119.3276,41.8566],[-119.3227,41.8571],[-119.3244,41.9936],[-119.1449,41.9942],[-119.0478,41.9946],[-118.9076,41.9935],[-118.7764,41.993],[-118.7723,41.993],[-118.5914,41.9943],[-118.4287,41.9952],[-118.3891,41.9954],[-118.3496,41.9956],[-118.3125,41.9958],[-118.2341,41.9963],[-118.2137,41.9964],[-118.1952,41.9965],[-118.155,41.9967],[-118.1352,41.9968],[-118.0784,41.9971],[-118.0426,41.9974],[-118.0191,41.9974],[-117.9264,41.9979],[-117.8289,41.9981],[-117.8066,41.9981],[-117.7733,41.9982],[-117.7726,41.9982],[-117.7152,41.9982],[-117.7083,41.9983],[-117.6694,41.9983],[-117.6509,41.9984],[-117.6164,41.9984],[-117.612,41.9984],[-117.5582,41.9987],[-117.53,41.9987],[-117.5038,41.9988],[-117.4899,41.9988],[-117.4003,41.9984],[-117.2864,41.9985],[-117.2307,41.9991],[-117.0298,42.0003],[-117.0293,42.0003]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Humboldt\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":784205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":784206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011988,"text":"70011988 - 1981 - Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-11T16:00:57.412161","indexId":"70011988","displayToPublicDate":"1981-02-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?","docAbstract":"Mass movement has influenced in varying degrees the morphology of the United States east coast continental margin seaward of the Baltimore Canyon trough as revealed by detailed geophysical studies using high-resolution 3.5-kHz, and seismic reflection data. Each of three areas studied is along the slope within a distance of 225 km, and is seaward of a nonglaciated shelf but near major land drainage systems. Thick sequences of material believed to be Pleistocene were deposited on the slope in all three areas. Sediment failure in the form of large block movement involving block thicknesses of more than 100 m, however, has taken place in only two of the areas. A factor common to the two areas where failure took place, but absent in the area where no failure took place, is smooth seaward-dipping sub-bottom horizons. Whatever the triggering mechanism, a smooth slip surface that has a seward slope may contribute to mass movement by reducing the internal friction. This may be one of several factors that should be considered in assessing slope stability.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(81)90070-0","usgsCitation":"McGregor, B., 1981, Smooth seaward-dipping horizons — An important factor in sea-floor stability?: Marine Geology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. M89-M98, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90070-0.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"M89","endPage":"M98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91a7e4b08c986b3199ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, B.A.","contributorId":57072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGregor","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70122697,"text":"70122697 - 1981 - Deep structure and evolution of the continental margin off the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-27T12:55:50","indexId":"70122697","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T12:50:01","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2930,"text":"Oceanologica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep structure and evolution of the continental margin off the eastern United States","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanologica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Gauthier-Villars","publisherLocation":"Montreuil, France","usgsCitation":"Grow, J.A., and Sheridan, R.E., 1981, Deep structure and evolution of the continental margin off the eastern United States: Oceanologica Acta, v. 4, p. 11-19.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fef0d2e4b01f35f8fd6969","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126187,"text":"70126187 - 1981 - Seismic stratigraphic characteristics of upper Louisiana continental slope: an area east of Green Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-27T14:53:44","indexId":"70126187","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T10:22:27","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seismic stratigraphic characteristics of upper Louisiana continental slope: an area east of Green Canyon","docAbstract":"A high-resolution seismic reflection survey was conducted in a small area of the upper Louisiana Continental Slope known as Green Canyon Area. This area includes tracts 427, 428, 471, 472, 515, and 516, that will be offered for sale in March 1982 as part of Lease Sale 67.
The sea floor of this region is, slightly hummocky and is underlain by salt diapirs that are mantled by early Tertiary shale. Most of the shale is overlain by younger Tertiary and Quaternary deposits, although locally some of the shale protrudes the sea floor. Because of proximity to older Mississippi River sources, the sediments are thick. The sediment cover shows an abundance of geologic phenomena such as horsts, grabens, growth faults, normal faults, and consolidation faults, zones with distinct and indistinct parallel reflections, semi-transparent zones, distorted zones, and angular unconformities.
The major feature of this region is a N-S linear zone of uplifted and intruded sedimentary deposits formed due to diapiric intrusion.
Small scale graben development over the crest of the structure can be attributed to extension and collapse. Large scale undulations of reflections well off the flanks of the uplifted structure suggest sediment creep and slumping. Dipping of parallel reflections show block faulting and tilting.
Air gun (5 and 40 cubic inch) records reveal at least five major sequences that show masked onlap and slumping in their lower parts grading into more distinct parallel reflections in their upper parts. Such sequences can be related to local uplift and sea level changes. Minisparker records of this area show similar sequences but on a smaller scale. The distinct parallel reflections often onlap the diapir flanks. The highly reflective parts of these sequences may represent turbidite-type deposition, possibly at times of lower sea level. The acoustically more transparent parts of each sequence may represent deposits containing primarily hemipelagic and pelagic sediment.
A complex ridge system is present along the west side of the area and distinct parallel reflections onlap onto this structure primarily from the east. Much of this deposition may be ascribed to sedimentation within a submarine canyon whose position is controlled by this ridge.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Thirteenth annual Offshore Technology Conference: 1981 proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technology Conference","publisherLocation":"Dallas, TX","usgsCitation":"Bouma, A.H., Feeley, M.H., Kindinger, J.L., Stelting, C.E., and Hilde, T.W., 1981, Seismic stratigraphic characteristics of upper Louisiana continental slope: an area east of Green Canyon, in Thirteenth annual Offshore Technology Conference: 1981 proceedings, v. 3, p. 283-291.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Louisiana Continental Slope","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.22,25.54 ], [ -94.22,31.05 ], [ -87.14,31.05 ], [ -87.14,25.54 ], [ -94.22,25.54 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d45a4e4b0f68901ec30ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouma, Arnold H.","contributorId":48172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feeley, Mary H.","contributorId":94238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stelting, Charles E.","contributorId":11525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelting","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hilde, Thomas W.C.","contributorId":77072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilde","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70169219,"text":"70169219 - 1981 - The great San Francisco earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:23:19","indexId":"70169219","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The great San Francisco earthquake","docAbstract":"Seventy-five years ago on April 18, 1906, the most devastating earthquake in United States history occurred in northern California. This earthquake, which occurred at 5:2 in the morning just as the dawn was breaking, came from rupture of the San Andreas fault from San Juan Bautista (near Hollister) northqard for 270 miles to the coast near Eureka. Buildings were damaged everywhere in this region, for a north-south distance of 370 miles, from Arcata to Salinas, and an east-west width of 50 miles inland from the coast. The larger cities of San Francisco, Sna Jose, and Santa Rosa suffered the msot severe damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Nason, R.D., 1981, The great San Francisco earthquake: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 2, p. 40-42.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319283,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 38.843986129756615\n ],\n [\n -121.1407470703125,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -120.94299316406249,\n 36.71687068791304\n ],\n [\n -120.69580078125001,\n 36.20439070158873\n ],\n [\n -121.6241455078125,\n 36.071302299422406\n ],\n [\n -123.48632812499999,\n 38.749799358878526\n ],\n [\n -122.81616210937499,\n 38.843986129756615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be54e4b0f59b85e02f3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nason, R. D.","contributorId":167740,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nason","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168607,"text":"70168607 - 1981 - The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T09:02:33","indexId":"70168607","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption","docAbstract":"On Sunday morning, May 25, 1980, the weather at Mammoth Lakes, Calif., was sunny and brisk. Suddenly, just before 9:33 a.m, the world became a jarring, lurching, unstable place. Along the front of the Sierra Nevada, the muffled thunder of rockfalls and avalanches prolonged the confusion of sound and motion and added the spectacle of large, rising dust clouds. Three geysers, one 30 ft high, suddenly roared into the air at Hot Creek, although none survived more than a few hours. Some new boiling pools appeared, while many existing hot springs and pools became hotter and more active.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rinehart, C., and Smith, W.C., 1981, The eastern front of the Sierra Nevada; prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruption: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 13, no. 6, p. 216-224.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Sierra Nevada Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 38.8824811975508\n ],\n [\n -119.64111328125,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 36.73888412439431\n ],\n [\n -118.43261718749999,\n 35.46961797120201\n ],\n [\n -118.14697265625,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -117.99316406249999,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -118.28979492187499,\n 37.204081555898526\n ],\n [\n -118.65234374999999,\n 37.84883250647402\n ],\n [\n -119.5751953125,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -120.28930664062499,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -120.95947265624999,\n 39.884450178234395\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -120.81665039062499,\n 38.8824811975508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c5fe4b059daa47c9b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinehart, C.D.","contributorId":94310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehart","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, W. C.","contributorId":18424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011955,"text":"70011955 - 1981 - A lithologic-tectonic framework for the metallogenic provinces of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-12T17:14:32.541851","indexId":"70011955","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lithologic-tectonic framework for the metallogenic provinces of California","docAbstract":"The lithologic-tectonic framework of California developed principally during Mesozoic time when various terranes of oceanic crust and island-arc crust were accreted to older sialic crust, resulting in westward growth of the continent. Emplacement of great batholithic masses of granitoid rocks cutting all these crustal types also took place during the Mesozoic period. The discrete tectonostratigraphic terranes that resulted from these events and subsequent Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic events are characterized by specific types of metallic mineral deposits or, in some terranes, by the virtual absence of deposits. Lead-silver-zinc replacement-type deposits are common in the Paleozoic carbonate terrane in the eastern part of the state and occur sporadically elsewhere in the miogeoclinal and cratonal terranes but are absent from the oceanic and island-arc terranes. The vast majority of contact metasomatic tungsten deposits, including all the large ones, are in pendants of miogeoclinal rocks in the Sierra Nevada batholith, but the important Atolia deposits reside in granitoid rocks that invade oceanic terrane. Molybdenum distribution closely follows that of tungsten. All the large contact metasomatic iron deposits in California are in craton and miogeoclinal terranes, but sparse small deposits of this type also occur in island-arc terranes of the northern Sierra Nevada and eastern Klamath Mountains. Lode gold deposits, although widely scattered, show a marked preference for oceanic and island-arc terranes that have been invaded by granitoid plutons. All the major deposits, including late Tertiary bonanza deposits such as Bodie, are in such terranes. It appears that magmatic processes were responsible for mobilizing and transporting the gold, but the metal was perhaps derived from the eugeosynclinal rocks, notably the mafic volcanics. Most mercury deposits are found in the Coast Ranges, where they commonly occur in silica-carbonate rock, an alteration product of serpentinite. The deposits appear to be spatially related to the Coast Range thrust, and the source of the mercury may have been sedimentary rocks of the underlying Franciscan assemblage. Epigenetic mineralization occurred at several different times during the Mesozoic, and again during Miocene and Pliocene time. The timing of mineralization events and the distribution of various deposit types indicate that no broad-scale zoning of epigenetic deposits exists around the Sierra Nevada batholith.Syngenetic deposits are represented mainly by massive sulfides, chert-associated manganese, and chromite. The massive sulfide deposits, with one exception, are restricted to island-arc terranes, and nearly all of these deposits are in silicic volcanic rocks. They are interpreted to be syngenetic with the enclosing rocks, although some redistribution of metals may have occurred after the original deposition. The deposits occur in volcanic sequences of at least five different ages ranging from Early Devonian to Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous and, along with their enclosing rocks, were probably formed at some distance from their present sites. Chert-associated manganese deposits occur mainly in exotic blocks of oceanic crust in melange and probably formed in fairly deep ocean environments. Chromite is confined to ultramafic rock, much of which occupies suture zones separating various accreted terranes.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.76.4.765","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., 1981, A lithologic-tectonic framework for the metallogenic provinces of California: Economic Geology, v. 76, no. 4, p. 765-790, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.76.4.765.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"790","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221328,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1981-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e43de4b0c8380cd46507","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012026,"text":"70012026 - 1981 - Geographic distribution and dispersal of normapolles genera in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:51:22","indexId":"70012026","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic distribution and dispersal of normapolles genera in North America","docAbstract":"Normapolles pollen have been found in North America in Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary rocks from the eastern Atlantic Seaboard, the Mississippi embayment region and from the states and provinces from western North America as far north as the District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Previous postulates relating to the Normapolles floral province (western Europe-eastern North America) were re-examined in the light of new finds of Normapolles genera in rocks from west of the Cretaceous epeiric seaway which separated the Normapolles province from the western North American Aquilapollenites province. A study of published occurrences of Normapolles genera and U.S. Geological Survey Denver Laboratory Normapolles records revealed that of the approximately 60 Normapolles genera recognized from western Europe, only 26 of these have been recognized from eastern North America. These data suggest that Normapolles-producing plants originated in western Europe and migrated to eastern North America prior to the opening of the north Atlantic seaway. Ten of these 26 genera also have been found in rocks from west of the Cretaceous epeiric seaway, suggesting that these genera were the only ones able to cross this barrier. At least six genera having Normapolles characteristics occur in eastern North America but have not yet been recorded from Europe. Two additional genera with Normapolles characteristics have been reported only from the Aquilapollenites province of western North America. Several discrepancies in the record need resolution, such as the latitudinal restriction of Thomsonipollis and Nudopollis to areas south 40??N latitude, the absence of records of Thomsonipollis east and north of central Georgia, and the absence of records of Kyandopollenites and Choanopollenites west of eastern Texas. These data show that the known boundaries of the Normapolles province are somewhat hazy and that firm conclusions regarding the geographic distribution and history of dispersal of Normapolles genera are premature. ?? 1981.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(81)90113-5","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Tschudy, R., 1981, Geographic distribution and dispersal of normapolles genera in North America: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 35, no. 2-4, p. 283-314, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(81)90113-5.","startPage":"283","endPage":"314","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269796,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(81)90113-5"},{"id":222391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a175de4b0c8380cd554a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tschudy, R.H.","contributorId":55023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tschudy","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012023,"text":"70012023 - 1981 - Origin of chert grains and a halite- silcrete bed in the Cambrian and Ordovician Whitehall Formation of eastern New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T11:15:40.196525","indexId":"70012023","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of chert grains and a halite- silcrete bed in the Cambrian and Ordovician Whitehall Formation of eastern New York State","docAbstract":"A chert bed in the Whitehall Formation (Cambrian and Ordovician) of eastern New York State is strikingly similar in petrography and inferred origin to Australian and South African silcretes. The chert in the Whitehall, like its Australian and South African counterparts, occurs along an erosion surface that formed subarially, and it contains colloform chalcedony and abundant ferruginous minerals. This chert also contains pseudomorphs and ghosts of halite. Silica precipitated from a solution that became enriched in electrolytes as a result of dissolving halite. Sand-size chert grains in the Whitehall are petrographically like the Whitehall silcrete and are probably grains of reworked silcrete.
Hydrogeologic studies prove that natural dissolution of bedded salt occurs at shallow depths in many parts of the Permian Basin of the southwestern U.S.A. This is especially well-documented on the east side of the basin in study areas on the Cimarron River and Elm Fork in western Oklahoma, and on the Red River in the southeastern part of the Texas Panhandle. Four requirements for salt dissolution are: (1) a deposit of salt; (2) a supply of water unsaturated with respect to NaCl; (3) an outlet for removal of brine; and (4) energy to cause water to flow through the system. The supply of fresh groundwater in the region is recharged through permeable rocks, alluvium, terrace deposits, karstic features and fractures. Groundwater dissolves salt at depths of 10–250 m, and the resulting brine moves laterally and upward under hydrostatic pressure through caverns, fractures in disrupted rock, and clastic or carbonate aquifers until it reaches the land surface, where it forms salt plains and salt springs. In many areas, salt dissolution produces a self-perpetuating cycle: dissolution causes cavern development, followed by collapse and subsidence of overlying rock; then the resulting disrupted rock has a greater vertical permeability that allows increased water percolation and additional salt dissolution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(81)90153-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K., 1981, Dissolution of salt on the east flank of the Permian Basin in the southwestern U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 54, no. 1-3, p. 75-93, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90153-0.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"93","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas","otherGeospatial":"southwestern United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.8513673632736,\n 38.26164000698401\n ],\n [\n -103.8513673632736,\n 32.766938120268534\n ],\n [\n -97.49745337848722,\n 32.766938120268534\n ],\n [\n -97.49745337848722,\n 38.26164000698401\n ],\n [\n -103.8513673632736,\n 38.26164000698401\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0230e4b0c8380cd4ff2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, K.S.","contributorId":24385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011774,"text":"70011774 - 1981 - Paleogeography and sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous turbidites, San Diego, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T16:42:28.979136","indexId":"70011774","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleogeography and sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous turbidites, San Diego, California","docAbstract":"Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maestrichtian) marine strata of the Rosario Group in the San Diego area include the Point Loma Formation and overlying Cabrillo Formation. These units contain six facies associations: (1) shelf and lagoonal sandstone, (2) slope and basin-plain(?) mudstone, (3) outer-fan lobe sandstone, (4) middle-fan channel-fill sandstone, (5) middle-and inner-fan interchannel and channel-margin thin-bedded turbidites and mudstone, and (6) inner-fan channel-fill conglomerate and sandstone.
The facies associations define a deep-sea fan deposited by westward-flowing sediment gravity flows that transported sediments derived chiefly from batholithic and prebatholithic metamorphic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges. The sedimentary basin initially deepened abruptly, partly aided by eustatic sea-level rise. The fan then prograded westward into the basin, with a retrogradational phase recorded in the uppermost part of the sequence, which is erosionally truncated by transgressive lower Eocene conglomerate.
The fan was deposited along the eastern edge of a forearc basin similar to that of the Great Valley sequence in northern California. The western part of the fan, which probably contained mostly outer-fan lobe and associated basin-plain deposits, appears to have been truncated by late Cenozoic strike-slip faulting associated with the San Andreas fault system. The fan and remnants of the western part of the basin and associated subduction complex may be present on the northwest in the Channel Islands region or still farther north.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59495-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, T.H., and Abbott, P.L., 1981, Paleogeography and sedimentology of Upper Cretaceous turbidites, San Diego, California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 7, p. 1256-1284, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59495-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1256","endPage":"1284","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Diego","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.11130817421397,\n 32.67885906592478\n ],\n [\n -117.17918001960804,\n 32.86908391672556\n ],\n [\n -117.31295641053002,\n 32.85503774104116\n ],\n [\n -117.25492106446796,\n 32.652360799582254\n ],\n [\n -117.11130817421397,\n 32.67885906592478\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73f1e4b0c8380cd77337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, T. H.","contributorId":93057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abbott, P. L.","contributorId":14115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011836,"text":"70011836 - 1981 - Geology of central Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T11:54:00.260751","indexId":"70011836","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of central Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"The geology beneath Lake Michigan between 43°00' and 44°00' N and between 86°30' and 87°40' W is interpreted from a synthesis of 1,700 km of continuous seismic reflection profile data, bathymetry, grab samples, and onshore surface and subsurface information.
The continuous seismic reflection profiles and bathymetry provided information for maps of unconsolidated sediment thickness and Paleozoic bedrock topography. The map of unconsolidated sediment (primarily Pleistocene) shows thicknesses ranging from 180 m in a steep-walled, northeast-trending valley to less than 10 m over a mid-lake topographic high. This valley and the mid-lake high are the dominant topographic features developed on the gently eastward-dipping Paleozoic rocks along this part of the western flank of the Michigan basin.
Two structural-stratigraphic cross sections of the study area were constructed by utilizing a composite subsurface-surface section for eastern Wisconsin and two control wells in western Michigan. The cross sections, grab samples previously described in the literature, the bedrock topographic map, and published maps were used to construct a Paleozoic geologic map for central Lake Michigan. Rocks from Middle Silurian through Early Mississippian age form subcrops beneath the study area, whereas rocks of Early Silurian, Ordovician, and Late Cambrian age are present at greater depth. The Upper Cambrian rocks unconformably overlie Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The structural-stratigraphic cross sections also allow us to speculate about the petroleum potential beneath Lake Michigan. The possibility of oil occurrences within the Silurian is enhanced by major east-west facies changes, and other horizons with promise are present in Devonian and Ordovician rocks. Although Michigan and Wisconsin laws currently prohibit petroleum exploration in Lake Michigan, it is an area with future potential.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Wood, R.J., Paull, R.A., Wolosin, C.A., and Friedel, R.J., 1981, Geology of central Lake Michigan: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, no. 9, p. 1621-1632, https://doi.org/10.1306/03B59634-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1621","endPage":"1632","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 43.03076292816351\n ],\n [\n -86.28947402219616,\n 43.03076292816351\n ],\n [\n -86.28947402219616,\n 44.05660529042555\n ],\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 44.05660529042555\n ],\n [\n -88.00416700452574,\n 43.03076292816351\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a24bde4b0c8380cd58345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, R. J.","contributorId":33844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, R. A.","contributorId":78471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paull","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolosin, C. A.","contributorId":63166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolosin","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedel, R. J.","contributorId":51911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011905,"text":"70011905 - 1981 - Origin and structural implications of upper Miocene rhyolites in Kingston Canyon, Piute County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T01:52:27.48145","indexId":"70011905","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin and structural implications of upper Miocene rhyolites in Kingston Canyon, Piute County, Utah","docAbstract":"Kingston Canyon is one of the deepest antecedent canyons in the High Plateaus subprovince of the Colorado Plateaus. Here the East Fork of the Sevier River flows westward transversely across the gently east tilted Sevier Plateau, which is developed on a basin-range fault block uplifted more than 1,500 m along the Sevier fault zone on the west. Upper Tertiary rhyolites, uncommon in southwestern Utah, occur both on the northern rim and in the bottom of Kingston Canyon. Those on the northern rim consist of lava flows and volcanic domes of the rhyolite of Forshea Mountain, dated by K-Ar methods at 7.6 m.y. old. Those in the bottom of Kingston Canyon, the rhyolite of Phonolite Hill, are especially well exposed and provide spectacular examples of a pyroclastic cone whose base is about at river level and a steep-sided volcanic dome emplaced into and through these deposits. The pyroclastic deposits, formerly 500 or more metres thick, consist of airfall, mudflow, and ash-flow(?) material of rhyolite and foreign lithic fragments, especially olivine basalt. The dome consists of flow-banded, mostly devitrified rhyolite as much as 500 m thick; it has been dated by K-Ar methods at 5.4 m.y. In addition to the rhyolites, a dome and lava-flow complex, the rhyodacite of Dry Lake, occurs near the northern rim and is considered to postdate the rhyolite of Forshea Mountain and predate the rhyolite of Phonolite Hill.
The rhyolite of Forshea Mountain was deposited near basin-range faults, before the uplift of the Sevier Plateau and before the cutting of Kingston Canyon. Before uplift, a river flowed across the site of the present Sevier Plateau toward the east-southeast and perhaps also across the Awapa and Aquarius Plateaus to the east. The rhyodacite of Dry Lake was deposited during uplift and perhaps before canyon cutting. During uplift, the river maintained itself and cut Kingston Canyon. The rhyolite of Phonolite Hill was deposited in this canyon, blocking the river flow, which probably formed new outlets to the east. The Awapa and Aquarius Plateaus later were uplifted along faults, disrupting the eastern part of the river segment. The topography then took on its present appearance, and drainage was re-established through Kingston Canyon. There has been little deepening since the reopening of Kingston Canyon.
Geochemical studies in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, delineate a regional, structurally controlled mineral belt in east—west-trending metamorphic rocks and adjacent metasedimentary rocks. The mineral belt extends eastward from the Ambler River quadrangle to the Chandalar and Philip Smith quadrangles, Alaska, from 147° to 156°W. longitude, a distance of more than 375 km, and spans a width from 67° to 69°N. latitude, a distance of more than 222 km. Within this belt are several occurrences of copper and molybdenum mineralization associated with meta-igneous, metasedimentary, and metavolcanic rocks; the geochemical study delineates target areas for additional occurrences.
A total of 4677 stream-sediment and 2286 panned-concentrate samples were collected in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, from 1975 to 1979. The −80 mesh (< 177 μm) stream sediment and the heavy (specific gravity > 2.86) nonmagnetic fraction of the panned concentrates from stream sediment were analyzed by semiquantitative spectrographic methods.
Two geochemical suites were recognized in this investigation; a base-metal suite of copper-lead-zinc and a molybdenum suite of molybdenum-tin-tungsten. These suites suggest several types of mineralization within the metamorphic belt. Anomalies in molybdenum with associated Cu and W suggest a potential porphyry molybdenum system associated with meta-igneous rocks. This regional study indicates that areas of metaigneous rocks in the central metamorphic belt are target areas for potential mineralized porphyry systems and that areas of metavolcanic rocks are target areas for potential massive sulfide mineralization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(81)90073-X","usgsCitation":"Marsh, S., and Cathrall, J.B., 1981, Geochemical evidence for a Brooks Range mineral belt, Alaska: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 15, no. 1-3, p. 367-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90073-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"380","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222339,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.77915526476522,\n 68.24682255539341\n ],\n [\n -161.51716495002722,\n 67.65240022502297\n ],\n [\n -161.42546375810784,\n 67.50051608579724\n ],\n [\n -160.87127910307566,\n 66.99844385243944\n ],\n [\n -144.6874614639024,\n 67.55889053901132\n ],\n [\n -144.66399840631632,\n 68.75768487896991\n ],\n [\n -161.77915526476522,\n 68.24682255539341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a162ce4b0c8380cd5508c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marsh, S.P.","contributorId":32913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cathrall, J. B.","contributorId":29400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cathrall","given":"J.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012047,"text":"70012047 - 1981 - Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:29:23","indexId":"70012047","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England","docAbstract":"An area of fine-grained sediment approximately 170 km x 74 km in size, located in water depths between 60 m and 150 m, south of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., is a site of modern sediment deposition. The 14C ages systematically increase with sediment depth from about 1,300 years B.P. at the surface to 8,000-10,000 years B.P. at the depth of maximum core penetration. The old age for the surface sediments probably results from a combination of deposition of old carbon and faunal mixing. In the finest sediments, the sedimentation rates were approximately 130 cm/1,000 yrs when deposition began and have decreased to about 25 cm/1,000 yrs. The decreasing sedimentation rate reflects a diminishing source of fine sediments, which presumably came from the Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals area. Inventories of excess 210Pb in undisturbed cores average 70 dpm/cm2 (disintegrations per minute per square centimeter), more than two times higher than the flux of 210Pb from the atmosphere and from 226Ra decay in the overlying water. This additional influx of 210Pb either must be with new fine-grained sediment material or from solutions that are stripped of their 210Pb by particulates in the bottom nepheloid layer. Stable Pb concentrations in surface sediments are about 28 ppm, as much as two times higher than concentrations at depth. The high accumulation rates, 210Pb inventories, and trace-metal profiles imply that this area is a modern sink for fine-grained sediments and for pollutants associated with particulate matter in the water column. To our knowledge, this is the only site of present-day natural deposition on the Continental Shelf off the eastern United States, exclusive of the Gulf of Maine. Because the net currents on the outer half of this Continental Shelf flow from northeast to southwest, this fine-grained deposit may receive its sediments and possible contaminants from the Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Spiker, E., Johnson, P.P., Rendigs, R., and Aruscavage, P.J., 1981, Geochemical evidence for modern sediment accumulation on the continental shelf off southern New England: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 51, no. 1, p. 281-292, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7C70-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"292","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 41.03793062246529\n ],\n [\n -68.258056640625,\n 39.308800296002914\n ],\n [\n -71.78466796874999,\n 39.308800296002914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1630e4b0c8380cd550a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":362607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, P. P.","contributorId":64807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aruscavage, P. J.","contributorId":41411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aruscavage","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70011865,"text":"70011865 - 1981 - Economics and coal resource appraisal: strippable coal in the Illinois Basin ( USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T10:57:52","indexId":"70011865","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3446,"text":"Southern Economic Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economics and coal resource appraisal: strippable coal in the Illinois Basin ( USA)","docAbstract":"Coal-resource appraisals generally describe the location and general characteristics of coal beds. Estimates are made of the average overburden depth (depth of the coal bed below the surface), bed thickness, and perhaps certain chemical properties of the coal [1]. Although such resource compilations represent an important initial step, neither they nor current estimates provide sufficient information to determine the costs of alternative options for National energy policy. Because coal is expected to provide an increasing part of future overall U.S. energy supply, it is crucial for long term planning that coalresource appraisals convey sufficient information regarding the degree of economic resource scarcity (escalation of unit costs for mining remaining deposits as the best deposits in an area are mined out) expected as coal consumption increases. However, assumptions embodied in most large-scale models of coal supply [13; 20] imply that the coal reserves that exist can be commercially produced as needed. As demonstrated by the embargo of 1973-1974 and more recent difficulties in obtaining crude oil, even a slight temporary commodity shortfall will result in significant economic losses when the commodity supplies a large proportion of the total energy used by an economy. For the United States, crude oil resource estimates did not give warning of a decline in domestic petroleum product.
In this paper we argue that coal-resource estimates, as they are now made, will not give warning of future supply difficulties. A method for incorporating an economic dimension into appraisals of strippable coal resources is presented and is applied to a major U.S. coal-producing region, the Illinois part of the Illinois basin. Illinois accounts for nearly 70% of the demonstrated strippable coal reserve base of the Illinois basin [12]. In particular, a long-run incremental cost function (that is unit costs vs. cumulative reserves extracted) is estimated for strippable coal in Illinois. The estimated cost function exhibits an initial range over which costs increase at a constant rate-followed by a range where costs increase very rapidly and the function becomes quite inelastic. This long-run incremental cost function is significant for two reasons. Comparison of the demonstrated reserve base for strippable coal (14.8 billion tons) with cumulative production (since 1920 of 1.1 billion tons) might suggest that future depletion will not be significant when, in fact, the cost function presented here indicates otherwise. Because the only states having more reserves of strippable coal than Illinois are Montana and Wyoming [18], these results have implications for national coal-resource appraisal. Secondly, most models used to study the effects of alternative public policies in coal markets are static in nature [15; 16] and cannot consider the effects of increasing costs. Furthermore, models which are multi-period in nature [11; 13] appear to have little empirical basis for their assumptions regarding the escalation of production costs resulting from depletion.
The plan of the paper is as follows. First a description of the analytical approach for constructing the long-run incremental cost-reserve function is discussed. Following this, the descriptions of the Illinois basin and the basic physical data are presented. In the concluding section, the main results are presented and their implications are explored
","language":"English","publisher":"Southern Economic Association","issn":"00384038","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Green, E., 1981, Economics and coal resource appraisal: strippable coal in the Illinois Basin ( USA): Southern Economic Journal, v. 47, no. 3, p. 742-752.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"752","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a058ee4b0c8380cd50e41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, E.K.","contributorId":15760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":63678,"text":"gp948 - 1981 - Aeromagnetic map of east-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T19:16:37.155332","indexId":"gp948","displayToPublicDate":"1981-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":317,"text":"Geophysical Investigations Map","code":"GP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"948","title":"Aeromagnetic map of east-central United States","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gp948","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Kucks, R., and Johnson, R.W., 1981, Aeromagnetic map of east-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigations Map 948, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 57.67 x 41.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gp948.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 57.67 x 41.71 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":249906,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0948/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":249905,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0948/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":253441,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gp/0948/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414485,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_6290.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.375,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -91.9667,\n 43.25\n ],\n [\n -91.9667,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -75.375,\n 43.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, R. W. Jr.","contributorId":18331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":269363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157466,"text":"70157466 - 1980 - Ground-water resources and geology of Washington and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T19:34:35","indexId":"70157466","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-02T05:15:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5596,"text":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"38","title":"Ground-water resources and geology of Washington and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Population growth is placing increased demands on water supplies in Washington and Ozaukee Counties. Water from three principal aquifers supplies most municipal, industrial, irrigation, residential, and farm water needs in these counties. These are the sand-and-gravel, Niagara, and sandstone aquifers. As much as 15 gallons per minute can be obtained from wells almost everywhere in these counties. Yields of 500 to 1,000 gallons per minute are available from the sand-and-gravel aquifer in parts of Washington County. The Niagara aquifer underlies most of the area and can yield as much as 500 gallons per minute in most of Ozaukee and eastern Washington Counties. It yields less than 100 gallons per minute in some areas, notably eastern Mequon in Ozaukee County and parts of western Washington County. The sandstone aquifer underlies the entire area and generally can yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute to wells. However, yields of less than 500 gallons per minute are common in southwestern Washington County, where the aquifer is thinnest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Young, H.L., and Batten, W.G., 1980, Ground-water resources and geology of Washington and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological & Natural History Survey Information Circular 38, iv, 38 p.","productDescription":"iv, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wgnhs.uwex.edu/pubs/download_ic38/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Ozaukee County, Washington County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.0402,43.5423],[-87.9215,43.5436],[-87.8009,43.543],[-87.7933,43.5434],[-87.7933,43.542],[-87.7945,43.5202],[-87.7935,43.5075],[-87.794,43.4883],[-87.798,43.4788],[-87.8086,43.4594],[-87.8184,43.4445],[-87.8334,43.4269],[-87.845,43.4152],[-87.8541,43.4044],[-87.8631,43.3946],[-87.8651,43.39],[-87.8665,43.3859],[-87.8647,43.3836],[-87.8641,43.3818],[-87.866,43.3809],[-87.8691,43.3814],[-87.8717,43.3787],[-87.8743,43.3742],[-87.875,43.3728],[-87.8784,43.3606],[-87.8819,43.3479],[-87.8828,43.3365],[-87.8862,43.3257],[-87.8864,43.3179],[-87.889,43.3125],[-87.8891,43.3075],[-87.8918,43.3007],[-87.8977,43.2903],[-87.9017,43.2826],[-87.9056,43.2754],[-87.909,43.2659],[-87.911,43.2577],[-87.9112,43.2523],[-87.9114,43.2436],[-87.9096,43.2372],[-87.9085,43.2327],[-87.9067,43.2276],[-87.9049,43.2226],[-87.9019,43.2176],[-87.8988,43.2153],[-87.8977,43.2102],[-87.8978,43.2057],[-87.8979,43.2007],[-87.8967,43.197],[-87.8949,43.1947],[-87.9433,43.1949],[-87.9873,43.1945],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.4187,43.2856],[-88.4187,43.3703],[-88.4017,43.3701],[-88.4008,43.4598],[-88.4008,43.5435],[-88.2808,43.5429],[-88.1608,43.5431],[-88.0402,43.5423]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ozaukee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ec9e4b058f706e512d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H. L.","contributorId":23922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17206,"text":"ofr77575 - 1978 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"ofr77575","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley, and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047613,"text":"70047613 - 1980 - Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","indexId":"70047613","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T15:43:59","indexId":"70047613","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T14:23:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":133,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"259","title":"Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas","docAbstract":"From October 1971 through October 1974. the U.S. Geological Survey collected ground-water data in the basins in Texas west of the Pecos River drainage area and northwest of the Big Bend country. The basins included are, from east to west: The Presidio Bolson; the Salt Basin; Green River Valley, Eagle Flat, and Red Light Draw. These data, which were collected in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources (formerly Texas Water Development Board), will provide information for a continuing assessment of water availability within the State.
","language":"English","publisher":"Texas Department of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"San Antonio, TX","collaboration":"This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey under cooperative agreement with the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., Gates, J., Smith, J.T., and Fry, B.J., 1980, Ground-water data for the Salt Basin, Eagle Flat, Red Light Draw, Green River Valley and Presidio Bolson in westernmost Texas: Report 259, iii, 97 p.","productDescription":"iii, 97 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276609,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R259/R259.pdf"},{"id":276610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047613.png"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.65,25.84 ], [ -106.65,36.5 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -106.65,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520ca6e5e4b081fa6136d3ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Joseph S.","contributorId":21647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Joseph S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James T.","contributorId":22670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fry, Bonnie J.","contributorId":74285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fry","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221552,"text":"5221552 - 1980 - Residues of environmental pollutants and necropsy data for eastern United States ospreys, 1964-1973","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:48:13.864664","indexId":"5221552","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:33","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residues of environmental pollutants and necropsy data for eastern United States ospreys, 1964-1973","docAbstract":"Thirty-three ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) that were found dead or moribund in the Eastern United States between 1964 and 1973 were necropsied. The brains and carcasses of 26 of these birds were analyzed for organochlorines. The livers of 18 and the kidneys of 7 were analyzed for selected metals. Most adults were recovered in April and May and most immatures were recovered in August through October. The adult sex ratio was highly unbalanced in favor of females. Major causes of mortality were impact injuries, emaciation, shooting, and respiratory infections. Of special interest were two birds with malignant tumors and one with steatitis. Many birds had undergone marked weight losses resulting in mobilization and redistribution of organochlorine residues. Organochlorines were detected in the birds at the following percentages: DDE 100%, PCB 96%, DDD 92%, dieldrin 88%, chlordanes (including nonachlors) 82%, DDT 65%, and heptachlor expoxide 38%. Organochlorine levels tended to be higher in adults than in immatures. One adult from South Carolina had a potentially dangerous level of dieldrin in its brain, which might have contributed to its death. Immature ospreys from Maryland had extremely elevated levels of copper in their livers compared with immatures from other areas and all adults. One immature from Maryland had an elevated level of arsenic in its liver, which might have contributed to its death. One adult from Florida that had died of impact injuries had potentially dangerous levels of mercury in both liver and kidney and slightly elevated levels of cadmium in these tissues. Additional birds appeared to have been exposed to contamination of the environment by arsenic and mercury. The levels of chromium, zinc, and lead in livers appeared normal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352065","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., Lamont, T.G., and Locke, L.N., 1980, Residues of environmental pollutants and necropsy data for eastern United States ospreys, 1964-1973: Estuaries, v. 3, no. 3, p. 155-167, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352065.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"167","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193346,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-71.860513,41.320248],[-72.983751,41.235364],[-73.643478,41.002171],[-73.785964,40.800862],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-72.39585,40.86666],[-73.23914,40.6251],[-74.206731,40.594569],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.511743,39.674313],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.401193,39.088762],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.057288,38.404738],[-75.87767,37.135604],[-76.023664,37.268971],[-75.712065,37.936082],[-75.846621,37.925785],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.320843,38.459862],[-76.190902,38.621092],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.333703,38.984607],[-76.168332,38.996546],[-76.27566,39.160304],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.329433,38.073986],[-77.040638,38.444618],[-77.256412,38.396755],[-77.175969,38.604113],[-77.26443,38.582845],[-77.286202,38.347025],[-77.024866,38.386791],[-76.910832,38.197073],[-76.265998,37.91138],[-76.339892,37.655966],[-76.722156,37.83668],[-76.252415,37.447274],[-76.475927,37.250543],[-76.300352,37.00885],[-76.780532,37.209336],[-76.482407,36.917364],[-75.972151,36.842268],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.960069,36.495025],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.575936,36.006167],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.608052,35.936668],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-75.86042,35.978262],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-76.165392,35.328659],[-76.499251,35.381492],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-76.472273,35.294936],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.958465,35.047647],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.956881,33.87779],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.772737,33.768511],[-79.359961,33.006672],[-79.55756,33.021269],[-79.968468,32.639732],[-80.413487,32.470672],[-80.466342,32.31917],[-80.905378,32.051943],[-80.841913,32.002643],[-81.065255,31.877095],[-81.254218,31.55594],[-81.17831,31.52241],[-81.276862,31.254734],[-81.490586,30.984952],[-81.408484,30.977718],[-81.308978,29.96944],[-80.995423,29.206052],[-80.567361,28.562353],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.127394,25.791224],[-80.409103,25.25346],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.362272,25.824401],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-82.094748,26.48393],[-82.076349,26.958263],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.301736,26.841588],[-82.714521,27.500415],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.716522,27.958398],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.851126,27.8863],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.702618,28.932955],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-84.245668,30.093021],[-84.335953,29.912962],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-86.222561,30.343585],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.395941,30.643968],[-87.626228,30.857127],[-87.548543,30.997927],[-85.057534,31.000585],[-85.141831,31.839261],[-84.925427,32.221551],[-85.188741,32.889727],[-85.598781,34.944915],[-84.394903,34.98803],[-84.260319,35.241877],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-83.759675,35.562492],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.531292,35.972188],[-81.762371,36.338856],[-81.692167,36.562695],[-81.826742,36.614215],[-83.645586,36.600002],[-82.895445,36.882145],[-82.722097,37.120168],[-81.968297,37.537798],[-82.39968,37.829935],[-82.638398,38.152157],[-82.595382,38.382712],[-82.181967,38.599384],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-81.759995,38.925828],[-81.814155,39.073478],[-81.692203,39.236091],[-80.865575,39.662751],[-80.602895,40.327869],[-80.652436,40.562544],[-80.52566,40.636068],[-80.519345,41.929168],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-74.946686,44.984665],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.443882,45.235462],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.684614,45.395071],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.290896,46.185838],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.066715,47.43024],[-69.0402,47.2451],[-68.893204,47.182974],[-68.292679,47.359476],[-67.991871,47.212042],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.476704,45.604157],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.390579,45.154114],[-67.145652,45.146667],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.528153,44.241263],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.810999,42.892375],[-70.772267,42.711064],[-70.595474,42.660336],[-70.996097,42.271222],[-70.754488,42.228673],[-70.471552,41.761563],[-70.008462,41.800786],[-70.169781,42.059736],[-70.082624,42.054657],[-69.935952,41.809422],[-69.976478,41.603664],[-70.329924,41.634578],[-70.902763,41.421061],[-70.658659,41.543385],[-70.708193,41.730959],[-71.19302,41.457931],[-71.21616,41.62549],[-71.304394,41.454502],[-71.19564,41.67509],[-71.342786,41.728506],[-71.455371,41.407962],[-71.860513,41.320248]],[[-77.038598,38.791513],[-77.002498,38.96541],[-77.0915,38.95651],[-77.038598,38.791513]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.765993,24.552103],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-85.036219,29.588919],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.038403,26.456907],[-82.186441,26.489221],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.192336,25.473331],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-70.59628,41.471905],[-70.450431,41.420703],[-70.496162,41.346452],[-70.802083,41.314207],[-70.59628,41.471905]]],[[[-70.092142,41.297741],[-69.960277,41.278731],[-70.256164,41.288123],[-70.092142,41.297741]]],[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.523952,35.318198],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.982812,35.081513],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.144428,40.53516]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Connecticut\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b05a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, T. G.","contributorId":51252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, L. N.","contributorId":73539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221563,"text":"5221563 - 1980 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184470,"text":"70184470 - 1980 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"70184470","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221563,"text":"5221563 - 1980 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","indexId":"5221563","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:01:18","indexId":"5221563","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:30","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","docAbstract":"Four of last year's Maryland stations were either discontinued or banded too few birds to report their results in 1978; these were Cloisters in Baltimore County, Cylburn in Baltimore City, tum Suden Sanctuary in Harford County, and Sandy Point State Park in Anne Arundel County. Banding was severely curtailed at Damsite, Maryland's last remaining Eastern Shore Station. Each of the other stations in Region V, however, showed an increase in net-hours over 1977, and two new stations were welcomed to the network: McDonogh School in Baltimore County, and Jekyll Island on the coast of Georgia. Station activities are summarized in Table 1. The total net-hours of effort by participating stations in 1978 (68,627) was 2% greater than the effort in 1977 (67,410), but the total number of birds banded dropped 24%, from 23,881 to 18,180.
If we compare only the eight stations that were operated fairly consistently both years (Adventure, Sandy Spring, Laurel, Towson, Fort Howard, Kiptopeke, Long Beach, and Gulf Breeze}, new birds banded per 100 net-hours dropped 31%, from 37.8 in 1977 to 26.0 in 1978.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1980, Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: North American Bird Bander, v. 5, no. 1, p. 31-36.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18459,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}