The south-eastern United States and Gulf Coast of Mexico is physiographically diverse, although dominated by a broad coastal plain. Much of the region has a humid, warm temperate climate with little seasonality in precipitation but strong seasonality in runoff owing to high rates of summer evapotranspiration. The climate of southern Florida and eastern Mexico is subtropical with a distinct summer wet season and winter dry season. Regional climate models suggest that climate change resulting from a doubling of the pre-industrial levels of atmospheric CO2 may increase annual air temperatures by 3-4??C. Changes in precipitation are highly uncertain, but the most probable scenario shows higher levels over all but the northern, interior portions of the region, with increases primarily occurring in summer and occurring as more intense or clustered storms. Despite the increases in precipitation, runoff is likely to decline over much of the region owing to increases in evapotranspiration exceeding increases in precipitation. Only in Florida and the Gulf Coast areas of the US and Mexico are precipitation increases likely to exceed evapotranspiration increases, producing an increase in runoff. However, increases in storm intensity and clustering are likely to result in more extreme hydrographs, with larger peaks in flow but lower baseflows and longer periods of drought. The ecological effects of climate change on freshwaters of the region include: (1) a general increase in rates of primary production, organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling as a result of higher temperatures and longer growing seasons: (2) reduction in habitat for cool water species, particularly fish and macroinvertebrates in Appalachian streams; (3) reduction in water quality and in suitable habitat in summer owing to lower baseflows and intensification of the temperature-dissolved oxygen squeeze in many rivers and reservoirs; (4) reduction in organic matter storage and loss of organisms during more intense flushing events in some streams and wetlands; (5) shorter periods of inundation of riparian wetlands and greater drying of wetland soils, particularly in northern and inland areas; (6) expansion of subtropical species northwards, including several non-native nuisance species currently confined to southern Florida; (7) expansion of wetlands in Florida and coastal Mexico, but increase in eutrophication of Florida lakes as a result of greater runoff from urban and agricultural areas; and (8) changes in the flushing rate of estuaries that would alter their salinity regimes, stratification and water quality as well as influence productivity in the Gulf of Mexico. Many of the expected climate change effects will exacerbate current anthropogenic stresses on the region's freshwater systems, including increasing demands for water, increasing waste heat loadings and land use changes that alter the quantity and quality of runoff to streams and reservoirs. Research is needed especially in several critical areas: long-term monitoring of key hydrological, chemical and biological properties (particularly water balances in small, forested catchments and temperature-sensitive species); experimental studies of the effects of warming on organisms and ecosystem processes under realistic conditions (e.g. in situ heating experiments); studies of the effects of natural hydrological variation on biological communities; and assessment of the effects of water management activities on organisms and ecosystem processes, including development and testing of management and restoration strategies designed to counteract changes in climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Best, G., Coutant, C., Hornberger, G., Meyer, J., Robinson, P., Stenberg, J., Turner, R., Vera-Herrera, F., and Wetzel, R., 1997, Effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the south-eastern United States and the Gulf Coast of Mexico: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 949-970.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06aee4b0c8380cd51385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, G.R.","contributorId":27007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coutant, C.C.","contributorId":15470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutant","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, P.J.","contributorId":43232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenberg, J.R.","contributorId":7140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, R.E.","contributorId":39749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16756,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vera-Herrera, F.","contributorId":95762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vera-Herrera","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wetzel, R.G.","contributorId":60403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70177043,"text":"70177043 - 1997 - Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:54:38","indexId":"70177043","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure)","docAbstract":"Acute toxicity tests were conducted with Hyalella azteca Saussure (an amphipod) exposed in soft and hard waters to three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCG-R, and Phos-Chek D75-F) and two foam suppressants (Phos-Chek WD-881 and Silv-Ex). The chemicals were slightly to moderately toxic to amphipods. The most toxic chemical to amphipods in soft and hard water was Phos-Chek WD-881 (96-h mean lethal concentration [LC50] equal to 10 mg/L and 22 mg/L, respectively), and the least toxic chemical to amphipods in soft water was Fire-Trol GTS-R (96-h LC50 equal to 127 mg/L) and in hard water was Fire-Trol LCG-R (96-h LC50 equal to 535 mg/L). Concentrations of ammonia in tests with the three fire retardants and both water types were greater than reported LC50 values and probably were the major toxic component. Estimated un-ionized ammonia concentrations near the LC50 were frequently less than the reported LC50 ammonia concentrations for amphipods. The three fire retardants were more toxic in soft water than in hard water even though ammonia and un-ionized ammonia concentrations were higher in hard water tests than in soft water tests. The accidental entry of fire-fighting chemicals into aquatic environments could adversely affect aquatic invertebrates, thereby disrupting ecosystem function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160706","usgsCitation":"McDonald, S.F., Hamilton, S., Buhl, K.J., and Heisinger, J.F., 1997, Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 7, p. 1370-1376, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160706.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1376","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Susan F.","contributorId":33285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heisinger, James F.","contributorId":175438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heisinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019214,"text":"70019214 - 1997 - The Phanerozoic impact cratering rate: Evidence from the farside of the Moon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T15:46:53.407857","indexId":"70019214","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Phanerozoic impact cratering rate: Evidence from the farside of the Moon","docAbstract":"The relatively recent (<1 b.y.) flux of asteroids and comets forming large craters on the Earth and Moon may be accurately recorded by craters with bright rays on the Moon's farside. Many previously unknown farside rayed craters are clearly distinguished in the low-phase-angle images returned by the Clementine spacecraft. Some large rayed craters on the lunar nearside are probably significantly older than 1 Ga; rays remain visible over the maria due to compositional contrasts long after soils have reached optical maturity. Most of the farside crust has a more homogeneous composition and only immature rays are visible. The size-frequency distribution of farside rayed craters is similar to that measured for Eratosthenian craters (up to 3.2 b.y.) at diameters larger than 15 km. The areal density of farside rayed craters matches that of a corrected tabulation of nearside Copernican craters. Hence the presence of bright rays due to immature soils around large craters provides a consistent time-stratigraphic basis for defining the base of the Copernican System. The density of large craters less than ∼3.2 b.y. old is ∼3.2 times higher than that of large farside rayed craters alone. This observation can be interpreted in two ways: (1) the average cratering rate has been constant over the past 3.2 b.y. and the base of the Copernican is ∼1 Ga, or (2) the cratering rate has increased in recent geologic time and the base of the Copernican is less than 1 Ga. We favor the latter interpretation because the rays of Copernicus (800–850 m.y. old) appear to be very close to optical maturity, suggesting that the average Copernican cratering rate was ∼35% higher than the average Eratosthenian rate. Other lines of evidence for an increase in the Phanerozoic (545 Ga) cratering rate are (1) the densities of small craters superimposed on Copernicus and Apollo landing sites, (2) the rates estimated from well-dated terrestrial craters (≤120 m.y.) and from present-day astronomical observations, and (3) the Proterozoic rate suggested by the crater record of Australia. The hypothesis most consistent with several key observations is that the cratering rate has increased by ∼2x during the past ∼300 m.y‥
Females in lek‐breeding species appear to copulate with a small subset of the available males. Such strong directional selection is predicted to decrease additive genetic variance in the preferred male traits, yet females continue to mate selectively, thus generating the lek paradox. In a study of buff‐breasted sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis), we combine detailed behavioral observations with paternity analyses using single‐locus minisatellite DNA probes to provide the first evidence from a lek‐breeding species that the variance in male reproductive success is much lower than expected. In 17 and 30 broods sampled in two consecutive years, a minimum of 20 and 39 males, respectively, sired offspring. This low variance in male reproductive success resulted from effective use of alternative reproductive tactics by males, females mating with solitary males off leks, and multiple mating by females. Thus, the results of this study suggests that sexual selection through female choice is weak in buff‐breasted sandpipers. The behavior of other lek‐breeding birds is sufficiently similar to that of buff‐breasted sandpipers that paternity studies of those species should be conducted to determine whether leks generally are less paradoxical than they appear.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/286038","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Scribner, K.T., Kempenaers, B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper: American Naturalist, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1051-1070, https://doi.org/10.1086/286038.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019182,"text":"70019182 - 1997 - Buzzwords and debate about the human future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019182","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buzzwords and debate about the human future","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"GSA Today","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525173","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., 1997, Buzzwords and debate about the human future: GSA Today, v. 7, no. 5, p. 12-14.","startPage":"12","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2bee4b0c8380cd4b32b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23223,"text":"ofr97745B - 1997 - Shaded-relief map of the San Francisco Bay region, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":23223,"text":"ofr97745B - 1997 - Shaded-relief map of the San Francisco Bay region, California","indexId":"ofr97745B","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Shaded-relief map of the San Francisco Bay region, California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":77853,"text":"ofr97745 - 1997 - San Francisco Bay region, California, landslide folio","indexId":"ofr97745","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"San Francisco Bay region, California, landslide folio"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":77853,"text":"ofr97745 - 1997 - San Francisco Bay region, California, landslide folio","indexId":"ofr97745","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"San Francisco Bay region, California, landslide folio"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-04T19:00:22.150926","indexId":"ofr97745B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-745","chapter":"B","title":"Shaded-relief map of the San Francisco Bay region, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay region, California, landslide folio (Open-File Report 97-745)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97745B","usgsCitation":"Graham, S.E., and Pike, R.J., 1997, Shaded-relief map of the San Francisco Bay region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-745, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97745B.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415182,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18847.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0745b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8403,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-745/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154412,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0745b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":8404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-745/of97-745b.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.486,\n 38.869\n ],\n [\n -123.486,\n 36.869\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 36.869\n ],\n [\n -121.217,\n 38.869\n ],\n [\n -123.486,\n 38.869\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f4a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Scott E. sgraham@usgs.gov","contributorId":2907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Scott","email":"sgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pike, Richard J. rpike@usgs.gov","contributorId":5753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pike","given":"Richard","email":"rpike@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":189671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019165,"text":"70019165 - 1997 - Assessment of United States gas hydrate resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019165","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of United States gas hydrate resources","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., 1997, Assessment of United States gas hydrate resources: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 42, no. 2, p. 457-461.","startPage":"457","endPage":"461","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee1ee4b0c8380cd49b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, T. S. 0000-0002-7598-4708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":86342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003008,"text":"1003008 - 1997 - Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:43:15.808239","indexId":"1003008","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"In 1993, great blue heron (Ardea herodias; GBH) eggs were collected from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River (UMR). They were then artificially incubated until pipping and analyzed for mercury, selenium, and organochlorines. Livers of embryos were analyzed for hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity and four measures of oxidative stress. Brains were measured for asymmetry and blood was measured for the coefficient of variation of DNA (DNA CV). Organochlorine concentrations were generally low (geometric mean DDE = 1.3 μg/g wet weight; polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] = 3.0 μg/g; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD] = 11.5 pg/g). Eggshell thickness was negatively correlated with DDE concentrations. Mercury (geometric mean = 0.8 μg/g dry weight) and selenium (3.1 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in GBH eggs were within background levels. EROD activity was not correlated with total PCBs, TCDD, or toxic equivalents (TEQs), based on the relative contribution of individual PCB congeners, dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) to total calculated TEQs. Three of the four measures of oxidative stress were correlated with mercury concentrations. Twenty of 43 (47%) embryo brains were asymmetrical and the embryos with asymmetrical brains had higher EROD concentrations in the liver and higher DNA CV in the blood than embryos with symmetrical brains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160223","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Hines, R.K., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., Wickliffe, J., Bickham, J., Martin, J., and Henshel, D., 1997, Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 2, p. 260-271, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickliffe, J.K.","contributorId":69093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. 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To accomplish this, management agencies will need regional summaries of aboriginal knowledge about long-term changes in the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations and ecological factors that influence those changes. Between 1983 and 1994, we developed a method for collecting Inuit knowledge about historical changes in a caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population on southern Baffin Island from c. 1900 to 1994. Advice from Inuit allowed us to collect and interpret their oral knowledge in culturally appropriate ways. Local Hunters and Trappers Associations (HTAs) and other Inuit identified potential informants to maximize the spatial and temporal scope of the study. In the final interview protocol, each informant (i) established his biographical map and time line, (ii) described changes in caribou distribution and density during his life, and (iii) discussed ecological factors that may have caused changes in caribou populations. Personal and parental observations of caribou distribution and abundance were reliable and precise. Inuit who had hunted caribou during periods of scarcity provided more extensive information than those hunters who had hunted mainly ringed seals (Phoca hispida); nevertheless, seal hunters provided information about coastal areas where caribou densities were insufficient for the needs of caribou hunters. The wording of our questions influenced the reliability of informants' answers; leading questions were especially problematic. We used only information that we considered reliable after analyzing the wording of both questions and answers from translated transcripts. This analysis may have excluded some reliable information because informants tended to understate certainty in their recollections. We tried to retain the accuracy and precision inherent in Inuit oral traditions; comparisons of information from several informants and comparisons with published and archival historical reports indicate that we retained these qualities of Inuit knowledge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctiv Institute of North America","publisherLocation":"Calgary, AB","doi":"10.14430/arctic1087","usgsCitation":"Ferguson, M.A., and Messier, F., 1997, Collection and analysis of traditional ecological knowledge about a population of arctic tundra caribou: Arctic, v. 50, no. 1, p. 17-28, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1087.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"28","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1087","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nunavut","otherGeospatial":"Baffin Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 61.3546135846894\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 67.7094454829218\n ],\n [\n -59.32617187499999,\n 67.7094454829218\n ],\n [\n -59.32617187499999,\n 61.3546135846894\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 61.3546135846894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589847aae4b0efcedb7072dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferguson, Michael A.D.","contributorId":179092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.D.","affiliations":[{"id":28154,"text":"Department of Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Messier, Francois","contributorId":179093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messier","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000641,"text":"1000641 - 1997 - A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:15:07","indexId":"1000641","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3623,"text":"Transactions of the American Entomological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"A revised annotated checklist for the chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the southeastern United States is presented that includes the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Much of the information concerns occurrence and habitat preference records based upon the authors' data, as well as published and unpublished data. Some information is also presented that includes aspects of biology, habitat preference, bibliographic sources, and nomenclatorial changes. Based upon the present work, the chironomid fauna of the southeastern states is comprised of 189 genera (172 described, 17 informally or unofficially described) and 754 species (505 described, 17 informally or unofficially described, 33 that are assumed for generic or subgeneric presence only, 197 estimated species, and 2 species groups). Several new species synonyms and generic placements are recognized. Thirty-eight genera known from the Nearctic region remain unknown from the southeastern states. Diversity of species was greatest in the subfamily Chironominae, considering named as well as unnamed and estimated species. There were no significant changes in overall regional distribution patterns of subfamilies or habitat preferences form that which has been previously reported. The greatest totals for regional records, habitat types, and state occurrences were the Coastal Plain (378), streams (271), and North Carolina (373), respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Entomological Society","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, B.A., Hudson, P.L., Lenat, D.R., and Smith, D., 1997, A revised annotated checklist of the Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the southeastern United States: Transactions of the American Entomological Society, v. 123, no. 1/2, p. 1-53.","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266636,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25078625"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1/2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a76b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Broughton A.","contributorId":95848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Broughton","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenat, David R.","contributorId":23500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, David 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":1989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":308991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014559,"text":"1014559 - 1997 - Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014559","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":968,"text":"Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-091/GSM","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Parker, C., 1997, Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera): Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia, v. 9, p. 17-32.","productDescription":"p. 17-32","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, R.L.","contributorId":28778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, C.R.","contributorId":21892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046401,"text":"ofr93137 - 1997 - Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:19:23","indexId":"ofr93137","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-137","title":"Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a 20-month study during 1988-90 to evaluate the effects of episodic acidification on fish and aquatic invertebrates in pristine headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York. The study was part of the Episodic Response Project, a regional survey of episodic acidification by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and was carried out simultaneously with other studies in the Adirondack Mountains of New York by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation and in central Pennsylvania by Pennsylvania State University. This report summarizes the methods used, describes the sampling sites, and presents the data collected from October 1, 1988 through May 30, 1990 at four headwater watersheds (Biscuit Brook, East Branch Neversink River, Black Brook, and High Falls Brook). The study entailed (1) monitoring the quantity and chemical quality of atmospheric deposition and the quality of discharge of streams, and (2) experiments to determine the effect of stream-water-quality changes on fish and invertebrate populations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., Baldigo, B.P., Horan-Ross, D., and Allen, R.V., 1997, Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-137, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93137.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"90","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274551,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0137/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.49,39.68 ], [ -80.49,45.36 ], [ -73.16,45.36 ], [ -73.16,39.68 ], [ -80.49,39.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b846e2e4b03203c522b1c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horan-Ross, Debra","contributorId":48466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan-Ross","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Ronald V.","contributorId":28657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020271,"text":"70020271 - 1997 - Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020271","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"The stable isotopic records of ostracode valves deposited during the last interglaciation in Raymond Basin, Illinois, have ??13C and ??18O values as high as +16.5??? and +9.2??? respectively, the highest values yet reported from continental ostracodal calcite. Located in south-central Illinois, Raymond, Pittsburgh, Bald Knob, and Hopwood Farm basins collectively have yielded important long pollen and ostracode records that date from about 130 000 years ago to the present. Although fossils from the present-day interglaciation are not well preserved, these records constitute the only described, conformable, fossiliferous successions of this age from the interior of glaciated North America. The high ??13C values from Raymond Basin are attributed to the residual effects of methane loss either by ebullition or by emission through the stems of senescent emergent aquatic vegetation. A mass balance model suggests that an increase in ??13C of dissolved inorganic carbon on the order of +15??? is possible within a few hours given modest rates of methanogenesis of about 0.02 mol m-2 d-1. The ??13C records from other studies of ostracode valves have values approaching, but not exceeding about +14??? suggesting a limiting value to ???13C enrichment due to simultaneous inputs and outputs of dissolved inorganic carbon. Values of ??18O in ostracodal calcite are quite variable (-4 to +9???) in sediment from the late Sangamon subepisode. A model of isotopic enrichment in a desiccating water body implies that a reduction in reservoir volume of 20% could produce this range of isotopic values. High humidity and evaporation probably account for most of the ??18O variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007964917875","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., Anderson, T., and Lohmann, K., 1997, Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 421-435, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007964917875.","startPage":"421","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007964917875"},{"id":231247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcfae4b08c986b328e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T.F.","contributorId":71345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lohmann, K.C.","contributorId":20472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohmann","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020285,"text":"70020285 - 1997 - Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:48:02","indexId":"70020285","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival","docAbstract":"Many Pacific Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis fulva) and other shorebirds winter in the Hawaiian Islands. This is the first landfall for mid-Pacific migrants after overwater flights of 4,000 km or more from Alaska (Johnson et al. 1989, Johnson and Connors 1996). Previous findings (sightings of marked birds and wing-length measurements) showed Alaska affinities for golden-plovers wintering in Hawaii (Johnson and Connors 1996), but there had been no attempt to demonstrate movements between the two regions using radiotelemetry. We made such an effort in spring 1996 by radio-tagging plovers on wintering grounds in Hawaii just before their migration. Some of these birds were later found at three sites in Alaska, including a breeding ground,
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089259","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Johnson, O., Warnock, N., Bishop, M., Bennett, A., Johnson, P., and Kienholz, R., 1997, Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 521-524, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089259.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"524","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56fee4b0c8380cd6d998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, O.W.","contributorId":20937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warnock, N.","contributorId":80615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, M.A.","contributorId":95426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, A.J.","contributorId":32107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, P.M.","contributorId":44179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kienholz, R.J.","contributorId":83701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kienholz","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175091,"text":"70175091 - 1997 - Reassessment of metals criteria for aquatic life protection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T14:56:15","indexId":"70175091","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reassessment of metals criteria for aquatic life protection","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, SETAC Pellston Conference, 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and , O., 1997, Reassessment of metals criteria for aquatic life protection, chap. of Proceedings, SETAC Pellston Conference, 1996, p. 114-114.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb4e4b0589fa1c980ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bergman, H.L.","contributorId":73553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"H.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643874,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorward-King, E. J.","contributorId":173244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorward-King","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643875,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":" Others","contributorId":172611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"given":"Others","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000668,"text":"1000668 - 1997 - Pharyngeal teeth of the freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) a predator of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:07:08","indexId":"1000668","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pharyngeal teeth of the freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) a predator of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)","docAbstract":"The morphology of pharyngeal teeth of freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) was studied to determine changes that occur during growth of drum that may relate to consumption of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by larger fish. Pharyngeal teeth were of three types. Cardiform teeth were replaced by villiform teeth, which were replaced by molariform teeth as the size class of drum increased. Molariform teeth comprised over 85% of total surface area of dentition in fish 265 mm long.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1997.9663561","usgsCitation":"French, J.R., 1997, Pharyngeal teeth of the freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) a predator of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 495-498, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1997.9663561.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"498","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197274,"text":"70197274 - 1997 - Use of a neural network to integrate geoscience information in the classification of mineral deposits and occurrences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T16:21:06","indexId":"70197274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of a neural network to integrate geoscience information in the classification of mineral deposits and occurrences","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of Exploration 97: Fourth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., and Kouda, R., 1997, Use of a neural network to integrate geoscience information in the classification of mineral deposits and occurrences, in Proceedings of Exploration 97: Fourth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration, p. 127-134.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354485,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15971de4b092d9651e222a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kouda, Ryoichi","contributorId":198036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kouda","given":"Ryoichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015836,"text":"1015836 - 1997 - DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T14:52:27","indexId":"1015836","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada","docAbstract":"White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) eggs collected in 1996 at Carson Lake, Nevada, showed no decrease in p,p′-DDE (DDE) concentrations from levels in 1985 and 1986 which is contrary to DDE patterns shown for most avian species. An estimated 40-45% of the population was adversely affected by DDE in 1985, 1986, and 1996 with a probable net loss of about 20% of the expected productivity. One segment of the nesting population at Carson Lake in 1996 averaged 18.3% eggshell thinning, although the mean for the whole population is not known. Obvious population declines of White-faced Ibis have not been reported, although quantitative population data are incomplete; however, the excellent and predictable food sources on the breeding grounds in Nevada (due to flood irrigation by farmers) appear to contribute to a high reproductive potential. While adverse consequences of DDE were not documented at the population level, it is important to locate the source(s) of the DDE/p,p′-DDT (DDT). Results of a previous study showed that prey from the breeding grounds were not contaminated with DDE/DDT. The White-faced Ibis DDE/DDT loads are suspected to originate from localized areas on the wintering grounds and/or staging areas. Use of satellite transmitters placed on nesting birds is proposed to locate the source of the DDE/DDT.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521598","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., 1997, DDE still high in white-faced ibis eggs from Carson Lake, Nevada: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 478-484, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521598.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"484","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Carson Lake","volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eb09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014623,"text":"1014623 - 1997 - Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-18T14:22:29.740547","indexId":"1014623","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521608","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., and Smith, D., 1997, Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by double-crested cormorants: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 547-551, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521608.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132123,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":320757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015840,"text":"1015840 - 1997 - Intestinal helminths of river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T16:24:57","indexId":"1015840","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intestinal helminths of river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"The intestinal helminth fauna of river otters, Lutra canadensis, from the Pacific Northwest was characterized by low species richness and intensity of infection. River otters from the lower Columbia River (n = 23) were infected with 9 species of helminths (83% prevalence); those from a relatively undisturbed reference area near the headwaters of the Trask and Wilson rivers on the Oregon coast (n = 6) were infected by 5 species of helminths (100% prevalence). Single species of Eucestoda (Schistocephalus solidus), Digenea (Euparyphium inerme), Acanthocephala (Corynosoma strumosum), and 8 species of Nematoda (Strongyloides lutrae; larvae of Eustrongylides sp., Anisakis sp., and Contracaecum sp.; 3 of Cystidicolidae, and Hedruris sp.) were collected. Most species are typical of piscine definitive hosts and were present as incidental parasites of river otters. Notably, specimens of Euparyphium inerme are reported for the first time in river otters from North America; occurrence of other helminths constitutes new host or geographic records for parasites in river otters in Oregon and Washington. Parasites with marine life cycles were acquired by river otters in freshwater habitats at a great distance from the ocean. The helminth fauna of river otters in the Pacific Northwest was influenced primarily by ecological factors and was indicative of eclectic food habits and the relatively extensive home ranges occupied by these mustelids.","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3284324","usgsCitation":"Hoberg, E.P., Henny, C.J., Hedstrom, O., and Grove, R.A., 1997, Intestinal helminths of river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the Pacific Northwest: Journal of Parasitology, v. 83, no. 1, p. 105-110, https://doi.org/10.2307/3284324.","productDescription":"p. 105-110","startPage":"105","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486890,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3284324","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoberg, Eric P.","contributorId":102448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoberg","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedstrom, O.R.","contributorId":24750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedstrom","given":"O.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187679,"text":"70187679 - 1997 - The IGBP-DIS global 1km land cover data set, DISCover: First results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:55:24","indexId":"70187679","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The IGBP-DIS global 1km land cover data set, DISCover: First results","docAbstract":"The International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS) is co-ordinating the development of global land data sets from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. The first is a 1 km spatial resolution land cover product 'DISCover', based on monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index composites from 1992 and 1993. DISCover is a 17 class land cover dataset based on the science requirements of IGBP elements. Mapping uses unsupervised classification with post-classification refinement using ancillary data. Draft Africa, North America and South America products are now available for peer review.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/014311697217099","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T.R., and Belward, A., 1997, The IGBP-DIS global 1km land cover data set, DISCover: First results: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 18, no. 15, p. 3289-3295, https://doi.org/10.1080/014311697217099.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3289","endPage":"3295","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341234,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bce4b044b359e486c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belward, A.S.","contributorId":6197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belward","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019895,"text":"70019895 - 1997 - An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019895","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite","docAbstract":"High-pressure (0.8 gigapascals) granulite facies garnet from Gore Mountain, New York, hosts multiple solid inclusions containing the low- pressure silica polymorph cristobalite along with albite and minor ilmenite. Identification of cristobalite is based on Raman spectra, electron microprobe analysis, and microthermometric measurements on the ??/?? phase transformation. The cristobalite plus albite inclusions may have originated as small, trapped samples of hydrous sodium-aluminum-siliceous melt. Diffusive loss of water from these inclusions under isothermal, isochoric conditions may have resulted in a large enough internal pressure decrease to promote the metastable crystallization of cristobalite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.276.5309.91","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Darling, R., Chou, I., and Bodnar, R., 1997, An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite: Science, v. 276, no. 5309, p. 91-93, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.91.","startPage":"91","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.91"},{"id":227853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"276","issue":"5309","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea97e4b0c8380cd48977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darling, R.S.","contributorId":78892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodnar, R.J.","contributorId":57065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019812,"text":"70019812 - 1997 - An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019812","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates","docAbstract":"We reconstruct long-term vegetation/paleoclimatic trends, spanning the last 18 million years, in Alaska. Yukon and far western Northwest Territories. Twenty-one average percentage spectra for pollen and spores are assembled from eight surface/subsurface sections. The sections are dated independently or by correlation. Pollen and spore ratios indicate the direction of change in vegetation and climatic parameters growing season temperature (T(est)), tree canopy density (C(est)) and paludification at study sites (P(est)). A global warm peak ca. 15 Ma is shown by the abundance of thermophilous taxa, including Fagus and Quercus. A temperature decline immediately following 15 Ma parallels climatic reconstructions based on marine oxygen isotopes. Subsequent declines correlate to the Messinian event and the onset of late Pliocene Pleistocene glaciation. After 7 Ma herbs and shrubs become more important elements of the palynological assemblages, suggesting a more continental, colder/drier climate. However, a late Pliocene warm interval is evident. Vegetation/climatic changes during the early to late Miocene show synchrony with, and are most economically attributable to, global events. After 7 Ma, vegetation/climate change is attributed primarily to latest Miocene-to-Pleistocene uplift of the Alaska Range and St. Elias Mrs. The continuing influence of global climatic patterns is shown in the late Pliocene warm interval, despite uplift to the south. The opening of the Bering Strait ca. 3 Ma may have moderated the climate in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"White, J.M., Ager, T.A., Adam, D., Leopold, E.B., Liu, G., Jette, H., and Schweger, C.E., 1997, An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 130, no. 1-4, p. 293-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0.","startPage":"293","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0"},{"id":227936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cce4b0c8380cd48474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J. M.","contributorId":40268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leopold, E. B.","contributorId":81162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jette, H.","contributorId":39957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jette","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schweger, C. E.","contributorId":63549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019507,"text":"70019507 - 1997 - Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:27:42.11803","indexId":"70019507","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","docAbstract":"A database on a number of elements in oceanic volcanic rocks is presented, including the principal major-element oxides-SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3(T), MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and P2O5 (where T refers to total iron)–and the trace elements–Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Pb (mainly by isotope dilution), Yb, Zn, and Zr. Interpretations are given for transition metals, with emphasis on Mn, Sc, and V, in order to determine the concentration of the elements in primitive melts and assess their trends in magmatic differentiation. Transition metals are not enriched in plagioclase, so all are incompatible with pure plagioclase removal–that is, they become enriched in the melt. Both Cr and Ni are known to be highly compatible with olivine separation-i.e., they are depleted in the melt early in differentiation. Also, Sc is compatible with clinopyroxene (Cpx) removal from the melt and is depleted by separation of Cpx. Copper does not fit well in any of the principal silicates, but Cu, like Ni, is greatly enriched in sulfides that may remain in the source or separate from the magma. Decreasing Ni abundances and increasing Cu contents during differentiation are a sign of olivine separation. In the analysis presented herein, V–in the absence of Cpx separation–is found to behave remarkably like the moderately incompatible element Zn, and these two elements add to the list of element pairs of similar incompatibility whose ratios are insensitive to differentiation and to submarine weathering as well. Both are enhanced in titanomagnetite, so both would be compatible during titanomagnetite separation. When Cpx separates, however, V becomes compatible like Sc, but Zn remains incompatible. Thus, decreasing V (and Sc) contents and increasing Zn contents during differentiation are a sign of Cpx separation. Manganese often behaves much like Zn and therefore is moderately incompatible, but Mn is less compatible than Zn and V in titanomagnetite. Thus, decreasing Zn and V with increasing Mn is an indication of titanomagnetite removal. Dual compatible and incompatible trends with differentiation are found chiefly for Cu, Sc, and Sr. Distinguishing mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), oceanic-island volcanic rocks (OIV), and island-arc volcanic rocks (IAV) may be accomplished by plots of Ce/Yb versus Ba/Ce, where OIV plot to higher values of Ce/Yb than do MORB, and IAV data plot to higher values of Ba/Ce than do those of MORB. These ratios do not seem to be significantly affected by submarine weathering.