{"pageNumber":"3641","pageRowStart":"91000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185292,"records":[{"id":70019870,"text":"70019870 - 1997 - Climate change and the detection of trends in annual runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:00:26.91172","indexId":"70019870","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and the detection of trends in annual runoff","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study examines the statistical likelihood of detecting a trend in annual runoff given an assumed change in mean annual runoff, the underlying year-to-year variability in runoff, and serial correlation of annual runoff. Means, standard deviations, and lag-1 serial correlations of annual runoff were computed for 585 stream gages in the conterminous United States, and these statistics were used to compute the probability of detecting a prescribed trend in annual runoff. Assuming a linear 20% change in mean annual runoff over a 100 yr period and a significance level of 95%, the average probability of detecting a significant trend was 28% among the 585 stream gages. The largest probability of detecting a trend was in the northwestern U.S., the Great Lakes region, the northeastern U.S., the Appalachian Mountains, and parts of the northern Rocky Mountains. The smallest probability of trend detection was in the central and southwestern U.S., and in Florida. Low probabilities of trend detection were associated with low ratios of mean annual runoff to the standard deviation of annual runoff and with high lag-1 serial correlation in the data.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/cr008129","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., and Wolock, D., 1997, Climate change and the detection of trends in annual runoff: Climate Research, v. 8, no. 2, p. 129-134, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr008129.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479957,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr008129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187676,"text":"70187676 - 1997 - Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:44:47","indexId":"70187676","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Before radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data can be done accurately, it is necessary to minimize the effects of artifacts present in the data that originate in the instrument's signal processing path. These artifacts have been observed in downlinked image data since shortly after launch of Landsat 4 and 5. However, no comprehensive work has been done to characterize all the artifacts and develop methods for their correction. In this paper, the most problematic artifact is discussed: memory effect (ME). Characterization of this artifact is presented, including the parameters necessary for its correction. In addition, a correction algorithm is described that removes the artifact from TM imagery. It will be shown that this artifact causes significant radiometry errors, but the effect can be removed in a straightforward manner.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07038992.1997.10855215","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Boncyk, W., and Morfitt, R., 1997, Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 4, p. 299-308, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1997.10855215.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bde4b044b359e486c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":15490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boncyk, W.","contributorId":59190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boncyk","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morfitt, R. 0000-0002-4777-4877","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":103858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187680,"text":"70187680 - 1997 - Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T14:01:27","indexId":"70187680","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso","docAbstract":"<p><span>Early warning of impending poor crop harvests in highly variable environments can allow policy makers the time they need to take appropriate action to ameliorate the effects of regional food shortages on vulnerable rural and urban populations. Crop production estimates for the current season can be obtained using crop simulation models and remotely sensed estimates of rainfall in real time, embedded in a geographic information system that allows simple analysis of simulation results. A prototype yield estimation system was developed for the thirty provinces of Burkina Faso. It is based on CERES-Millet, a crop simulation model of the growth and development of millet (</span><i>Pennisetum</i><span> spp.). The prototype was used to estimate millet production in contrasting seasons and to derive production anomaly estimates for the 1986 season. Provincial yields simulated halfway through the growing season were generally within 15% of their final (end-of-season) values. Although more work is required to produce an operational early warning system of reasonable credibility, the methodology has considerable potential for providing timely estimates of regional production of the major food crops in countries of sub-Saharan Africa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02348-9","usgsCitation":"Thornton, P.K., Bowen, W.T., Ravelo, A.C., Wilkens, P.W., Farmer, G., Brock, J., and Brink, J.E., 1997, Estimating millet production for famine early warning: An application of crop simulation modelling using satellite and ground-based data in Burkina Faso: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 95-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02348-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"112","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burkina Faso","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-2.8275,9.64246],[-3.5119,9.90033],[-3.98045,9.86234],[-4.33025,9.61083],[-4.77988,9.82198],[-4.95465,10.15271],[-5.40434,10.37074],[-5.47056,10.95127],[-5.19784,11.37515],[-5.22094,11.71386],[-4.42717,12.54265],[-4.28041,13.22844],[-4.00639,13.47249],[-3.5228,13.33766],[-3.10371,13.54127],[-2.96769,13.79815],[-2.19182,14.24642],[-2.00104,14.55901],[-1.06636,14.97382],[-0.51585,15.11616],[-0.26626,14.92431],[0.37489,14.92891],[0.29565,14.44423],[0.42993,13.98873],[0.99305,13.33575],[1.0241,12.85183],[2.17711,12.62502],[2.15447,11.94015],[1.93599,11.64115],[1.44718,11.54772],[1.24347,11.11051],[0.89956,10.99734],[0.0238,11.01868],[-0.4387,11.09834],[-0.76158,10.93693],[-1.20336,11.00982],[-2.94041,10.96269],[-2.9639,10.39533],[-2.8275,9.64246]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Burkina Faso\"}}]}","volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bce4b044b359e486c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornton, P. K.","contributorId":192008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornton","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, W. T.","contributorId":192009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravelo, A. C.","contributorId":24778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravelo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilkens, P. W.","contributorId":192010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkens","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Farmer, G.","contributorId":192011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Farmer","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brock, J. 0000-0002-5289-9332","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":71658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brink, J. E.","contributorId":192012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brink","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70194367,"text":"70194367 - 1997 - Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194368,"text":"70194368 - 1997 - Vegetation change at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore caused by plant succession and fire regime: A section in Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report","indexId":"70194368","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Vegetation change at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore caused by plant succession and fire regime: A section in <i>Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report</i>","title":"Vegetation change at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore caused by plant succession and fire regime: A section in Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70194367,"text":"70194367 - 1997 - Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report","indexId":"70194367","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T11:57:54","indexId":"70194367","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"USGS, Biological Resources Division, Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.3133/70194367","usgsCitation":"Cole, K., 1997, Western Great Lakes biogeographic area summary report, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70194367.","productDescription":"102 p.","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61292ee4b06e28e9c25d53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, K.L.","contributorId":87507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":95386,"text":"95386 - 1997 - Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95386","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment; Volume 6","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials; ASTM STP 1317","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","collaboration":"97-004/FH","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., and Weeks-Perkins, B.A., 1997, Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment; Volume 6, p. 360-375.","productDescription":"p. 360-375","startPage":"360","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doane, T.R.","contributorId":113893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doane","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinman, M.L.","contributorId":112444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinman","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weeks-Perkins, B. A.","contributorId":15953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks-Perkins","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":96551,"text":"96551 - 1997 - Final report of the California spotted owl Federal Advisory Committee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"96551","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Final report of the California spotted owl Federal Advisory Committee","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"USDA","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Philpot C, W., Christensen, N., Colegrove, N., Decker, L., Duane, T., Franklin, J., Graham, R., Gutierrez, R.J., Pilsbury, N., Stage, A., and van Wagtendonk, J., 1997, Final report of the California spotted owl Federal Advisory Committee.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f7199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Philpot C, W.","contributorId":100315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Philpot C","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, N.L.","contributorId":34458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colegrove, N.L.","contributorId":38086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colegrove","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, L.N.","contributorId":68243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duane, T.P.","contributorId":89829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duane","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Franklin, J.F.","contributorId":56583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Graham, R.","contributorId":65791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pilsbury, N.H.","contributorId":48125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilsbury","given":"N.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stage, A.R.","contributorId":81046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stage","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":95365,"text":"95365 - 1997 - Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T16:45:04.469036","indexId":"95365","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective","docAbstract":"<p>Management of imperiled mammals associated with aquatic ecosystems in the southeastern United States ranges from almost no management for some species to intensive, high-profile programs for others. Aquatic mammals are notoriously difficult to census because they are often secretive, trap-wary, relatively rare, or have extensive movement patterns. As a result, conservation efforts aimed at these animals often have been greatly hampered by a general lack of comprehensive population data. Historically, certain high-profile, \"flagship\" species have been the primary beneficiaries of management efforts. One of the earliest examples involves beaver,&nbsp;<i>Castor canadensis</i>, which had been reduced to a low ebb due to unregulated harvest and were subsequently live-trapped by state game officials in the 1940s and repatriated throughout the southeastern states. The success of this restocking program has exceeded expectations, and today beaver numbers have reached what many consider to be nuisance proportions in most states. Similar restocking stories can be told for muskrats (<i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>) and, to a limited extent, for river otters (<i>Lutra canadensis</i>).</p>\n<p>Unfortunately, other imperiled species of lesser economic or recreational value have not been as fortunate. Efforts to conserve these lower-profile species have been minimal or conservation problems so immense that their complete recovery has been unsuccessful. Wilson (1992) suggested that 20 percent of all species on earth may be lost to extinction in the next four decades. If this disaster should occur, it would rival the greatest geological extinction episodes. Certainly, conservationists need to explore new methods for preserving mammalian diversity.</p>\n<p>In this chapter we will discuss the resource management history of aquatic mammals which are imperiled in the Southeast. In doing so we define an aquatic mammal as any mammal that is directly or indirectly associated with aquatic ecosystems. Imperiled mammals are any mammalian species, subspecies, or population listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern on any state or federal list, and also includes mammals experiencing long-term population declines or significant range contractions.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic fauna in peril: The southeastern perspective (Southeast Aquatic Research Institute special publication, 1)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lenz Design and Communications","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Harvey, M.J., 1997, Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Aquatic fauna in peril: The southeastern perspective (Southeast Aquatic Research Institute special publication, 1), p. 357-374.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sherpaguides.com/southeast/aquatic_fauna/chapter_15/index.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84f4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Benz, G.W.","contributorId":113128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, D.E.","contributorId":112270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505565,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, M. J.","contributorId":60148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":85779,"text":"85779 - 1997 - Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States:  a downward spiral of diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85779","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States:  a downward spiral of diversity","docAbstract":"Abstract not supplied at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Fauna in Peril: The Southeastern Perspective. Special Publication 1. Southeast Aquatic Research Institute.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lenz Design and Communications","publisherLocation":"Decatur, GA","usgsCitation":"Neves, R.J., Bogan, A., Williams, J., Ahlstedt, S., and Hartfield, P., 1997, Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States:  a downward spiral of diversity, chap. <i>of</i> Aquatic Fauna in Peril: The Southeastern Perspective. Special Publication 1. Southeast Aquatic Research Institute., p. 43-86.","productDescription":"p. 43-86","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df829","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Benz, G.W.","contributorId":113128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504814,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, D.E.","contributorId":112270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504813,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, A.E.","contributorId":21102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogan","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ahlstedt, S.A.","contributorId":97843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlstedt","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartfield, P.D.","contributorId":93417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartfield","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019281,"text":"70019281 - 1997 - Regional landslide-hazard evaluation using landslide slopes, Western Wasatch County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:15:34.395133","indexId":"70019281","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional landslide-hazard evaluation using landslide slopes, Western Wasatch County, Utah","docAbstract":"<div id=\"13869199\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Landsliding has historically been one of the most damaging geologic hazards in western Wasatch County, Utah. Accordingly, we mapped and analyzed landslides (slumps and debris slides) in the area to provide an empirical basis for regional landslide-hazard evaluation. The 336 landslides in the 250-sq-mi (650-km<sup>2</sup>) area involve 20 geologic units, including Mississippian- to Quaternary-aged rock and unconsolidated deposits. Landsliding in western Wasatch County is characterized by a strong correlation between geologic material and landslide-slope inclination. From a simple statistical analysis of overall slope inclinations of late Holocene landslides, we determined “critical” slope inclinations above which late Holocene landsliding has typically occurred and used these as the primary basis for defining relative landslide hazard. The critical slopes vary for individual geologic units and range from 15 to 50 percent (9°–27°). The critical slope values and landslide locations were used in conjunction with geologic and slope maps to construct qualitative landslide-susceptibility maps for use by county planners. The maps delineate areas of low, moderate, and high relative hazard and indicate where studies should be completed prior to development to evaluate site-specific slope-stability conditions. Critical slopes as determined in this study provide a consistent empirical reference that is useful for evaluating relative landslide hazard and guiding land-use-planning decisions in large, geologically complex areas.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.III.1.31","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Hylland, M., and Lowe, M., 1997, Regional landslide-hazard evaluation using landslide slopes, Western Wasatch County, Utah: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 3, no. 1, p. 31-43, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.III.1.31.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wasatch County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.5497,40.6118],[-111.5406,40.6145],[-111.5345,40.6127],[-111.5303,40.6086],[-111.5182,40.6072],[-111.5061,40.6057],[-111.4977,40.6044],[-111.4886,40.5989],[-111.4807,40.6102],[-111.486,40.6193],[-111.4794,40.6238],[-111.4738,40.6351],[-111.4707,40.6423],[-111.4616,40.6478],[-111.461,40.6487],[-111.4525,40.6531],[-111.4342,40.6612],[-111.433,40.6626],[-111.4317,40.6821],[-111.4238,40.682],[-111.4092,40.6806],[-111.3995,40.6892],[-111.3977,40.6901],[-111.3928,40.6901],[-111.3928,40.6878],[-111.3917,40.681],[-111.3906,40.6628],[-111.3756,40.6442],[-111.3739,40.636],[-111.3733,40.6315],[-111.3648,40.6301],[-111.3564,40.6296],[-111.3473,40.6259],[-111.3268,40.6222],[-111.2912,40.6025],[-111.2762,40.5951],[-111.2563,40.585],[-111.2454,40.5809],[-111.2213,40.5771],[-111.2098,40.5734],[-111.205,40.5711],[-111.1905,40.5656],[-111.1815,40.561],[-111.1688,40.5577],[-111.1622,40.5531],[-111.1478,40.5508],[-111.141,40.5566],[-111.1385,40.5661],[-111.1335,40.5774],[-111.1262,40.5833],[-111.1218,40.5914],[-111.1109,40.5927],[-111.1067,40.5936],[-111.0976,40.5953],[-111.0879,40.593],[-111.0764,40.5952],[-111.0698,40.5906],[-111.0626,40.586],[-111.0554,40.5837],[-111.0457,40.5813],[-111.0372,40.5804],[-111.03,40.5776],[-111.0159,40.5897],[-111.0074,40.5924],[-111.0001,40.5937],[-110.9845,40.5904],[-110.9705,40.5921],[-110.9686,40.598],[-110.9637,40.6016],[-110.963,40.6079],[-110.9622,40.6201],[-110.9542,40.631],[-110.9517,40.6341],[-110.9486,40.6404],[-110.9423,40.654],[-110.9409,40.6703],[-110.9384,40.673],[-110.9269,40.6761],[-110.9099,40.6769],[-110.9001,40.6786],[-110.9019,40.5634],[-110.9013,40.489],[-110.9009,40.4736],[-110.9011,40.4586],[-110.9016,40.431],[-110.8937,40.4304],[-110.8944,40.1103],[-110.8931,40.0822],[-110.8907,40.0781],[-110.8904,40.0232],[-110.89,40.0091],[-110.8881,39.937],[-110.8887,39.9017],[-110.9348,39.9011],[-110.9534,39.9013],[-110.9588,39.9018],[-111.005,39.9022],[-111.0337,39.9015],[-111.0703,39.9022],[-111.0715,39.9458],[-111.1165,39.9461],[-111.1249,39.9493],[-111.1278,39.9539],[-111.1188,39.9597],[-111.1169,39.9629],[-111.1163,39.9678],[-111.1198,39.9733],[-111.1282,39.9761],[-111.1377,39.9857],[-111.1448,39.9894],[-111.1502,39.9889],[-111.1538,39.9917],[-111.1658,39.9949],[-111.1686,40.0077],[-111.1643,40.0144],[-111.1721,40.0199],[-111.1853,40.0218],[-111.1882,40.0268],[-111.1965,40.0337],[-111.1983,40.0414],[-111.203,40.0505],[-111.2157,40.0415],[-111.2301,40.0371],[-111.2373,40.0398],[-111.2479,40.0576],[-111.2406,40.0698],[-111.2375,40.0743],[-111.2387,40.0793],[-111.2344,40.0838],[-111.2422,40.0897],[-111.2355,40.0979],[-111.2342,40.1051],[-111.2288,40.1096],[-111.225,40.1196],[-111.2219,40.1286],[-111.2207,40.1349],[-111.2278,40.1436],[-111.2307,40.1518],[-111.2265,40.1531],[-111.2288,40.1613],[-111.2269,40.1694],[-111.2347,40.1745],[-111.2364,40.1827],[-111.2412,40.1868],[-111.2555,40.1982],[-111.256,40.2036],[-111.262,40.2086],[-111.2632,40.2127],[-111.2703,40.2205],[-111.2713,40.2377],[-111.2635,40.2413],[-111.27,40.2513],[-111.2778,40.2536],[-111.279,40.2573],[-111.2867,40.2668],[-111.2921,40.2669],[-111.2981,40.2742],[-111.3089,40.2765],[-111.3065,40.2815],[-111.3076,40.2842],[-111.31,40.2892],[-111.3203,40.2883],[-111.3257,40.2834],[-111.3462,40.2889],[-111.357,40.2908],[-111.3666,40.2918],[-111.375,40.2977],[-111.3883,40.2987],[-111.3956,40.2933],[-111.4004,40.2965],[-111.4082,40.296],[-111.4149,40.2893],[-111.4209,40.287],[-111.4269,40.2907],[-111.4317,40.2934],[-111.4348,40.2916],[-111.442,40.2917],[-111.4498,40.2949],[-111.451,40.3008],[-111.4528,40.3021],[-111.4473,40.308],[-111.4394,40.3161],[-111.4375,40.3234],[-111.4453,40.3311],[-111.4513,40.3357],[-111.4519,40.342],[-111.4603,40.3425],[-111.4608,40.3493],[-111.4705,40.3489],[-111.4819,40.3612],[-111.4964,40.3617],[-111.5199,40.3632],[-111.5331,40.3628],[-111.5525,40.3624],[-111.5608,40.3769],[-111.5644,40.3878],[-111.5716,40.3955],[-111.5721,40.4101],[-111.5805,40.4169],[-111.5871,40.4237],[-111.5907,40.4314],[-111.6027,40.4365],[-111.6136,40.4401],[-111.6165,40.4556],[-111.6068,40.4678],[-111.5911,40.4695],[-111.5832,40.4781],[-111.5722,40.4912],[-111.5782,40.5022],[-111.5751,40.5171],[-111.5658,40.5484],[-111.5718,40.5597],[-111.5814,40.5688],[-111.5923,40.577],[-111.5971,40.5784],[-111.5789,40.5833],[-111.5716,40.5842],[-111.5638,40.5855],[-111.5583,40.5937],[-111.5583,40.5969],[-111.5588,40.6032],[-111.5588,40.6064],[-111.5552,40.6087],[-111.5533,40.61],[-111.5497,40.6118]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wasatch\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a536e4b0e8fec6cdbd8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hylland, M.D.","contributorId":70938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hylland","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, Mark","contributorId":93441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019234,"text":"70019234 - 1997 - The origin of the 1.73-1.70 Ga anorogenic Ulkan volcano-plutonic complex, Siberian platform, Russia: inferences from geochronological, geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:41:33","indexId":"70019234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":758,"text":"Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The origin of the 1.73-1.70 Ga anorogenic Ulkan volcano-plutonic complex, Siberian platform, Russia: inferences from geochronological, geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data","docAbstract":"The Ulkan volcano-plutonic complex, a part of a 750 km Bilyakchian-Ulkan anorogenic belt, is located in the eastern part of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Aldan shield. The tectonic position and geochemistry indicate that the Ulkan Complex is a typical A-type or intraplate magmatic association. The felsic volcanics of the Uian Group and granitoids of the North Uchur Massif, the major igneous components of the Ulkan Complex, have U-Pb zircon and monazite ages between 1721±1 Ma and 1703±18 Ma. Together with the spatially associated 1736±6 Ma Dzhugdzhur anorthosite massif, the Ulkan Complex forms a typical Proterozoic anorthosite-granite-volcanic association with the minimum duration of formation of 12 m.y. Initial ε<sub>Nd</sub> values between 0 and 1.1, similar for the Uian felsic volcanics, early granitoid phases of the North Uchur Massif and high-grade metamorphic basement rocks, indicate, along with geochemical data, that the crustal source of the Ulkan parental magmas may be similar to the basement rocks. The higher ε<sub>Nd</sub>(T) values of -0.3 to +1.9 in the later North Uchur granitoids and associated ore-bearing metasomatites, and relatively low time-integrated Rb/Sr, U/Pb, and Th/U estimated for their sources, may demonstrate involvement of variable amounts of a depleted mantle-derived component in the generation of later phases of the North Uchur Massif. The preferred model of formation of magmas parental to the Ulkan Complex involves thermal interaction of an uprising mantle diapir with Paleoproterozoic lower crust, which was accompanied by chemical interaction between a fluid derived from the diapir, with the lower crustal rocks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00013765","usgsCitation":"Larin, A., Amelin, Y.V., Neymark, L., and Krymsky, R.S., 1997, The origin of the 1.73-1.70 Ga anorogenic Ulkan volcano-plutonic complex, Siberian platform, Russia: inferences from geochronological, geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic data: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, v. 69, no. 3, p. 295-312.","startPage":"295","endPage":"312","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226370,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba86be4b08c986b321bf0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larin, A.M.","contributorId":59965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larin","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelin, Yu. V.","contributorId":79634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Yu.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krymsky, R. Sh","contributorId":98890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krymsky","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Sh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019272,"text":"70019272 - 1997 - Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019272","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants","docAbstract":"The piscivorous nature of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) is well documented. However, many researchers who have used regurgitated pellets to describe the diet of cormorants report that invertebrates compose a small but consistent portion of the diet. We examined the hypothesis that invertebrates found in pellets are primarily the result of secondary consumption. We used odds ratio analysis to examine associations in 2,846 individual pellets between the presence of specific invertebrate prey and the presence of fish species known to consume those invertebrate taxa. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships occurred between gastropods and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and ictalurids, and between decapods and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). Significant (P < 0.05) relationships were also found between pelecypods and pumpkinseed and ictalurids. We suggest that the invertebrate prey we observed in pellets were present in the digestive tracts of fish that were consumed by Double-crested Cormorants and hence represent secondary consumption by cormorants. We conclude that consumption of invertebrates by Double-crested Cormorants may be overestimated in the literature in instances where the diet was described using pellets.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., Ross, R.M., and Smith, D., 1997, Evidence of secondary consumption of invertebrate prey by Double-crested Cormorants: Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 547-551.","startPage":"547","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226957,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d6ae4b0c8380cd52fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019274,"text":"70019274 - 1997 - Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70019274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1","docAbstract":"One of the greatest excitements for a petroleum geologist is to venture into the frontier, to explore and drill \"where no man has gone before.\" Over 50 years ago Bill Rex, a Kansas oilman, was tapped to lead the first oil drilling expedition into the Alaskan Arctic. He successfully assembled and outfitted a Naval Seabee expedition whose mission was to drill the first well north of the Arctic Circle, Umiat #1. The story of Umiat #1 is one of anecdotes and personal accounts. This paper relates the successes and tribulations of that Seabee exploration venture, as told to the writer by some of the participants.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Gerhard, L.C., 1997, Opening the arctic: The drilling of Umiat #1: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 19, no. 1-2, p. 8-13.","startPage":"8","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e6ae4b0c8380cd75632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerhard, L. C.","contributorId":30767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerhard","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019279,"text":"70019279 - 1997 - Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:14:57","indexId":"70019279","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park","docAbstract":"The National Park Service needs to establish in all of the national parks how large the parking lots should be in order to enjoy and presence our natural resources, for example, in the Delicate Arch in the Arches National Park. Probabilistic and statistical relationships were developed between the number of vehicles (N) at one time in the Wolfe Ranch parking lot and the number of visitors (X) at Delicate Arch 1.5 miles away in the Arches National Park, southeastern Utah. The value of N is determined such that 30 or more visitors are at the arch only 10% of the time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02769624","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., 1997, Probabilistic and statistical relationships between number of vehicles and number of visitors at a geologic site in a National Park: Mathematical Geology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 173-182, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769624.","startPage":"173","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268637,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02769624"},{"id":226330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c7de4b0c8380cd7e705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188707,"text":"70188707 - 1997 - Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-04T00:23:20","indexId":"70188707","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5435,"text":"Economic Geology Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Placer gold and precious metal-bearing lode deposits of southwestern Alaska lie within a region 550 by 350 km, herein referred to as the Kuskokwim mineral belt. This mineral belt has yielded 100,240 kg (3.22 Moz) of gold, 12, 813 kg (412,000 oz) of silver, 1,377,412 kg (39,960 flasks) of mercury, and modest amounts of antimony and tungsten derived primarily from the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of four major types: (1) alkali-calcic, comagmatic volcanic-plutonic complexes and isolated plutons, (2) calc-alkaline, meta-aluminous reduced plutons, (3) peraluminous alaskite or granite-porphyry sills and dike swarms, and (4) andesite-rhyolite subaerial volcanic rocks.</p><p>About 80 percent of the 77 to 52 Ma intrusive and volcanic rocks intrude or overlie the middle to Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group sedimentary and volcanic rocks, as well as the Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks of the Nixon Fork, Innoko, Goodnews, and Ruby preaccretionary terranes.</p><p>The major precious metal-bearing deposit types related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are subdivided as follows: (1) plutonic-hosted copper-gold polymetallic stockwork, skarn, and vein deposits, (2) peraluminous granite-porphory-hosted gold polymetallic deposits, (3) plutonic-related, boron-enriched silver-tin polymetallic breccia pipes and replacement deposits, (4) gold and silver mineralization in epithermal systems, and (5) gold polymetallic heavy mineral placer deposits. Ten deposits genetically related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary intrusions contain minimum, inferred reserves amounting to 162,572 kg (5.23 Moz) of gold, 201,015 kg (6.46 Moz) silver, 12,160 metric tons (t) of tin, and 28,088 t of copper.</p><p>The lodes occur in veins, stockworks, breccia pipes, and replacement deposits that formed in epithermal to mesothermal temperature-pressure conditions. Fluid inclusion, isotopic age, mineral assemblage, alteration assemblage, and structural data indicate that many of the mineral deposits associated with Late Cretaceous-early tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks represent geologically and spatially related, vertically zoned hydrothermal systems now exposed at several erosional levels.</p><p>Polymetallic gold deposits of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are probably related to 77 to 52 Ma plutonism and volcanism associated with a period of rapid, north-directed subduction of the Kula plate. The geologic interpretation suggests that igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt formed in an intracontinental back-arc setting during a period of extensional, wrench fault tectonics.</p><p>The Kuskokwim mineral belt has many geologic and metallogenic features similar to other precious metal-bearing systems associated with arc-related igneous rocks such as the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Rocky Mountain alkalic province, the Jurassic Mount Milligan district of central British Columbia, the Andean orogen of South America, and the Okhotsk-Chukotka belt of northeast Asia.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Publishing Company","isbn":"978-1-629495-56-9","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T., and Miller, M.L., 1997, Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9): Economic Geology Monographs, v. 9, p. 242-286.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.segweb.org/store/detail.aspx?id=EDOCMONO09"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim mineral belt","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              58.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              58.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382b9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019555,"text":"70019555 - 1997 - A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T16:53:26.670103","indexId":"70019555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>We use numerical simulations of transonic flow through a crack to study the dynamics of the formation of shock waves downstream from a nozzle-like constriction inside the crack. The model solves the full set of Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions via an explicit multifield finite difference representation. The crack walls are assumed to be perfectly rigid, and elastic coupling to the solid is not considered. The simulations demonstrate how the behavior of unsteady shock waves near the walls can produce recurring step-like pressure transients in the flow, which in turn induce resonance of the fluid-filled crack. The motion of the shock waves is governed primarily by smooth, low-amplitude pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the crack. The force induced on the walls scales with the amplitude of the shock, which is a function of the magnitude of the inlet pressure, aperture of the constriction, and thickness of the boundary layer. The applied force also scales in proportion to the spatial extent of the shock excursion, which depends on the fluctuation rate of outlet pressure. Using the source parameters of long-period (LP) events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, as a guide for our simulations, we infer that coupling of the shock to the walls occurs for crack inlet to outlet pressure ratios&nbsp;</span><i>p<sub>i</sub>/p<sub>o</sub></i><span>&gt;2.31 and that the position of the shock front becomes most sensitive to outlet pressure fluctuations for flow regimes with&nbsp;</span><i>p<sub>i</sub>/p<sub>o</sub></i><span>&gt;2.48. For such regimes, fluctuations of outlet pressure of up to ±0.5 MPa at rates up to 3 MPa/s are sufficient to induce pressure transients with magnitudes up to 12.5 MPa over 0.1–2.5 m of the walls within ∼0.5 s. These flow parameters may be adequate for triggering the LP events in the precursory swarm to the December 14, 1989, eruption of Redoubt. According to the flow model the recurrence rate and amplitudes of L.P events are inferred to be a manifestation of the response of a shallow hydrothermal reservoir to the sustained injection of superheated steam from a magma column roofing below this reservoir.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB00023","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., and Chouet, B., 1997, A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B4, p. 7965-7983, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00023.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"7965","endPage":"7983","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd4691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019523,"text":"70019523 - 1997 - Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T16:07:15.636","indexId":"70019523","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Crofoot-Lewis deposit is an adularia-sericite-type (low-sulfidation) epithermal Au-Ag deposit, whose well-preserved paleosurface includes abundant opaline sinters, widespread and intense silicification, bedded hydrothermal eruption breccias, and a large zone of acid sulfate alteration. Radiogenic isotope ages indicate that the system was relatively long-lived, with hydrothermal activity starting around 4 Ma and extending, at least intermittently, for the next 3 m.y.Field evidence indicates that the surficial zone of acid sulfate alteration formed in a steam-heated environment within an active geothermal system. A drop in the water table enabled descending acid sulfate waters to leach Au and Ag from zones of low-grade disseminated mineralization, resulting in the redistribution and concentration of Au and Ag into ore-grade concentrations. These zones of secondary Au-Ag enrichment are associated with opal + alunite + kaolinite + montmorillonite + or - hematite and were deposited in open space fractures at, and within a few tens of meters below, the paleowater table.The stable isotope systematics of alunite and kaolinite in the steam-heated environment are relatively complex, due to variations in the residence time of aqueous SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;that formed from the oxidation of H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;S prior to precipitation of alunite, and the susceptibility of fine-grained kaolinites to hydrogen isotope exchange with later waters. Most of the alunites are enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S relative to early sulfide minerals, reflecting partial S isotope exchange between aqueous SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;S. About half of the alunites give reasonable calculated delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O (sub SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;-OH) temperatures for a steam-heated environment indicating O isotope equilibrium between aqueous SO&nbsp;</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and water. The delta D (sub H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;O) values of the hydrothermal fluids varied by almost 60 per rail over the life of the meteoric water-dominated system, suggesting significant climate changes.Mineralization is believed to have resulted from large-scale convection of meteoric water controlled largely by basin and range fractures and a high geothermal gradient with H&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;S for Au complexing derived from organic matter in basin sediments. A wet climate resulted in the formation of a large inland lake which provided abundant recharge water for the hydrothermal system. A fluctuating water table controlled by changing climatic conditions enabled steam-heated acid sulfate fluids to overprint lower grade mineralization resulting in ore-grade precious metal enrichment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.92.5.578","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ebert, S.W., and Rye, R.O., 1997, Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate: Economic Geology, v. 92, no. 5, p. 578-600, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.5.578.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8929e4b08c986b316d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebert, Shane W.","contributorId":57609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebert","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019508,"text":"70019508 - 1997 - Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:44:25","indexId":"70019508","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","docAbstract":"Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970165g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, K., Lidstrom, M., and Oremland, R., 1997, Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 11, p. 3188-3192, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970165g.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3188","endPage":"3192","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970165g"},{"id":226472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51cbe4b0c8380cd6bf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014892,"text":"1014892 - 1997 - A GIS model to predict black bear habitat use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T00:11:13.187739","indexId":"1014892","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2297,"text":"Journal of Forestry","onlineIssn":"1938-3746","printIssn":"0022-1201","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A GIS model to predict black bear habitat use","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jof/95.8.6","usgsCitation":"Van Manen, F., and Pelton, M., 1997, A GIS model to predict black bear habitat use: Journal of Forestry, v. 95, no. 8, p. 6-12, https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/95.8.6.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480051,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/95.8.6","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":197483,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b31e4b07f02db6b414f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Manen, F.T.","contributorId":45241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Manen","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pelton, M.R.","contributorId":35672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pelton","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002012,"text":"2002012 - 1997 - Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:40","indexId":"2002012","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMS 6-3","title":"Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill State/Federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment Final Report (Marine Mammal Study 6-3)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., and Kloecker, K.A., 1997, Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Report MMS 6-3.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/37889304.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2001442,"text":"2001442 - 1997 - Prevention of fin erosion rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, by dietary modification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2001442","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":11,"text":"Bozeman Information Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"86","title":"Prevention of fin erosion rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, by dietary modification","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"98-030/NF","usgsCitation":"Barrows, F., and Lellis, W., 1997, Prevention of fin erosion rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, by dietary modification: Bozeman Information Leaflet 86, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":198964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":94814,"text":"94814 - 1997 - Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"94814","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Hines, R.K., Sveum, C., and Korschgen, C.E., 1997, Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests.","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f50a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sveum, C.M.","contributorId":25514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sveum","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180701,"text":"70180701 - 1997 - Low flow of Florida streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:23:30","indexId":"70180701","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"142","title":"Low flow of Florida streams","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","issn":"0085-0624 ","usgsCitation":"Choquette, A., and Rumenik, R.P., 1997, Low flow of Florida streams, 1 plate.","productDescription":"1 plate","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac12993a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choquette, Anne F.","contributorId":98323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choquette","given":"Anne F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rumenik, Roger P.","contributorId":42626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rumenik","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180926,"text":"70180926 - 1997 - Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T11:29:33","indexId":"70180926","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied male reproductive behavior of the buff-breasted sandpiper </span><i>Tryngites subruficoills</i><span> for three yean on a 16-km</span><sup>2</sup><span> study site in northern Alaska to document variation in male lekking behavior and to explore the causes of that variation. During the breeding season, about 75% of males on the study area displayed on leks, with the remainder displaying solitarily. Leks averaged between 2.3 and 3.0 males each (maximum size = 20). Most leks (69%) were present in only one year and about one-tenth were active all three years. Half of the leks were active for only one survey (maximum of 3-4 days) in a given year. Individual male behavior varied substantially, from remaining at a tingle lek for most of the breeding season or attending multiple leks during the season, to displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. Some males (30% or fewer) displayed near nests during the later part of the breeding season, perhaps attempting to copulate with females during egg-laying. The pro-portion of males that displayed on leks remained consistently high throughout the breeding season despite changes in the operational sex ratio and in the intensity of male-male competition. However, the absolute number of males (lekking and solitary) in the study area was positively correlated with the number of fertile females during both breeding seasons. We suggest that buff-breasted sandpipers may be unusual among lek-breeding birds in that males have the option of leaving areas when the number of fertile females becomes depressed and flying to new areas where breeding opportunities are still available. Breeding opportunities may be especially variable in the high arctic because of uneven snow accumulation and differential melt-off that can delay breeding by two or more weeks. This interpretation suggests that the mating system of the buff-breasted sandpiper must be viewed at a much larger scale than what has typically been used in mating system studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.3.268","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, <i>Tryngites subruficollis</i>: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.3.268.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain, Prudhoe Bay Oil Field","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180932,"text":"70180932 - 1997 - Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T21:45:07.626151","indexId":"70180932","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Turnagain Arm, just east of Anchorage, provides a readily accessible, world-class cross section through a Mesozoic accretionary wedge. Nearly continuous exposures along the Seward Highway, the Alaska Railroad, and the shoreline of Turnagain Arm display the two main constituent units of the Chugach terrane: the McHugh Complex and Valdez Group. In this paper we describe seven bedrock geology stops along Turnagain Arm, and two others in the Chugach Mountains just to the north (Stops 1-7 and 9), which will be visited as part of the May, 1997 field trip of the Alaska Geological Society. Outcrops along Turnagain Arm have already been described in two excellent guidebook articles (Clark, 1981; Winkler and others 1984), both of which remain as useful and valid today as when first published. Since the early 1980's, studies along Turnagain Arm have addressed radiolarian ages of chert and conodont ages of limestone in the McHugh Complex (Nelson and others, 1986, 1987); geochemistry of basalt in the McHugh Complex (Nelson and Blome, 1991); post-accretion brittle faulting (Bradley and Kusky, 1990; Kusky and others, 1997); and the age and tectonic setting of gold mineralization (Haeussler and others, 1995). Highlights of these newer findings will described both in the text below, and in the stop descriptions.</p><p>Superb exposures along the southeastern shore of Kachemak Bay show several other features of the McHugh Complex that are either absent or less convincing along Turnagain Arm. While none of these outcrops can be reached via the main road network, they are still reasonably accessible - all are within an hour by motorboat from Homer, seas permitting. Here, we describe seven outcrops along the shore of Kachemak Bay that we studied between 1989 and 1993 during geologic mapping of the Seldovia 1:250,000- scale quadrangle. These outcrops (Stops 61-67) will not be part of the 1997 itinerary, but are included here tor the benefit of those who may wish to visit them later.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1997 Guide to the geology of the Kenai Peninsula. Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Karl, S.M., and Haeussler, P.J., 1997, Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> 1997 Guide to the geology of the Kenai Peninsula. Alaska, p. 2-12.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/alaska/data/024/024001/2_akgs0240002.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katchemak Bay, Turnagain Arm","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.37219851463183,\n              61.232593249587865\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.37219851463183,\n              60.82088381337712\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.96611137210698,\n              60.82088381337712\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.96611137210698,\n              61.232593249587865\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.37219851463183,\n              61.232593249587865\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150.85226137382838,\n              59.83620683066252\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.00806641177434,\n              59.83620683066252\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.00806641177434,\n              59.36890471025441\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.85226137382838,\n              59.36890471025441\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.85226137382838,\n              59.83620683066252\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182198,"text":"70182198 - 1997 - Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:32:08","indexId":"70182198","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles","docAbstract":"<p><span>We apply stage projection matrices to multiple age and reproductive categories, deriving the stable age - reproductive category distribution for populations with multi-year reproductive cycles and identifying conditions for the existence of a dominant latent root. Given the stable distribution of age and reproductive category and the number of female young for each reproductive category, the age specific fecundity rates can be calculated. For species with multi-year reproductive cycles, the fecundity rate associated with the stable age distribution is often not a smooth function of age, but fluctuates as a larger or smaller fraction of females becomes available to breed. We suggest that fecundity rates for species with multi-year reproductive cycles be defined in terms of litter size and probabilities of conception and successful gestation rather than average fecundity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00073-7","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, J.R., and Udevitz, M.S., 1997, Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles: Ecological Modelling, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00073-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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