{"pageNumber":"3642","pageRowStart":"91025","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185292,"records":[{"id":70020274,"text":"70020274 - 1997 - Productivity of nesting spectacled eiders on the lower Kashunuk River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:40:06.843802","indexId":"70020274","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity of nesting spectacled eiders on the lower Kashunuk River, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">We studied the chronology and success of nesting Spectacled Eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta from 1991-1995. Nest initiation dates ranged from 16 May-22 June. Median nest initiation dates were correlated with the break-up of ice on the Kashunuk River. Clutch sizes declined seasonally, and mean clutch size varied among years ranging from 4.8-5.6 eggs. The frequency of nests containing inviable eggs (24% of successful nests, x = 0.6 unhatched eggs per successful nest) did not differ among years or nest initiation dates, and may be related to exposure to contaminants. The rate of partial depredation also did not vary among years or initiation dates (23% of nests, x = 0.5 eggs taken/successful nest). We detected no effect of marking or visitation on daily survival rate of nests. Nests initiated early in the year were more successful than late nests; thus, early nesting females laid larger clutches and were more likely to nest successfully than late nesters. Nest success varied among years and declined from 73% in 1991 to 18% in 1994. Nest success increased to 76% in 1995 when we reduced the Mew Gull (<i>Larus canus</i>) population on the study area. While inviability and partial depredation averaged over 1 egg per successful nest, the production lost in nests that were abandoned or completely destroyed by predators was much greater. Our data indicate that Spectacled Eiders nesting on our study area experience relatively high production; however, without information regarding annual survival and recruitment. it is not possible to draw conclusions about population growth rates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370143","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Grand, J., and Flint, P.L., 1997, Productivity of nesting spectacled eiders on the lower Kashunuk River, Alaska: Condor, v. 99, no. 4, p. 926-932, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370143.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"932","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8df3e4b0c8380cd7ef22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020232,"text":"70020232 - 1997 - Fossil zooplankton and the historical status of westslope cutthroat trout in a headwater lake of Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020232","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fossil zooplankton and the historical status of westslope cutthroat trout in a headwater lake of Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"Surviving pure-strain populations of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi in headwater lakes of Glacier National Park could play an important role in the managed recovery of regional cutthroat trout fisheries. However, uncertainty exists about whether native trout could have naturally invaded several park lakes where they now occur. This study used paleolimnological techniques to address the question of whether the population of native trout in Avalanche Lake is indigenous or became established through an undocumented introduction. The validity of using fossil diapause eggs (ephippia) of the fish-sensitive cladocerans Daphnia spp. as indicators for the historical presence of zooplanktivorous fish was tested with a survey of live zooplankton and corresponding surface-sediment fossil assemblages in eight Glacier Park lakes with or without trout. Analysis of a sediment core from Avalanche Lake dated by lead radioisotopes, historical wildfires, and a flood allowed reconstruction of zooplankton dynamics from about 1700 A.D. to the present. Fossil Daphnia ephippia were rare or absent in Avalanche Lake sediments deposited before 1910, suggesting intense zooplanktivory due to sustained presence of an indigenous population of native cutthroat trout. Fossil evidence for larger Daphnia populations in the 1930s and early 1940s revealed a temporary disturbance of the lake's normal food web interactions during which zooplanktivory was significantly reduced. This disturbance may have resulted from a collapse of the native trout population caused indirectly by failed attempts between 1915 and 1943 to stock Avalanche Lake with Yellowstone cutthroat trout O. clarki bouvieri.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Verschuren, D., and Marnell, L., 1997, Fossil zooplankton and the historical status of westslope cutthroat trout in a headwater lake of Glacier National Park, Montana: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 1, p. 21-34.","startPage":"21","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a138ae4b0c8380cd546b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verschuren, D.","contributorId":16611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verschuren","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marnell, L.F.","contributorId":71346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marnell","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020231,"text":"70020231 - 1997 - Sequential cavity use in a cottonwood bottomland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:47:26.297061","indexId":"70020231","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequential cavity use in a cottonwood bottomland","docAbstract":"I studied the patterns and frequency of cavity reuse in a community of cavity-nesting birds in a cottonwood bottomland along the South Platte River in northeastern Colorado from 1985-1987. Of 100 cavities occupied in 1985, 56% were mused in 1986; 38.5% of 122 cavities occupied in 1986 were mused in 1987. Of 81 old cavities monitored in both 1986 and 1987, 65.4% were reused at least once. Similar proportions of secondary cavity-nesting bird (SCNB) and primary cavity-nesting bird (PCNB) cavities were reused in both years. Reoccupancy by the same species was 27% and 20.5% in 1986 and 1987, respectively, and was greater for SCNB than for PCNB cavities in both years. Conversely, reoccupancy by different species was greater for PCNB than for SCNB cavities in both years, Thus, old cavities of PCNB were more available to other species of cavity-nesting birds, whereas old SCNB cavities tended to be reused by the same species that previously occupied the cavity. SCNB used a greater proportion of old cavities than did PCNB in both 1986 and 1987. House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) and Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) reoccupied most of the old cavities.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370138","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., 1997, Sequential cavity use in a cottonwood bottomland: Condor, v. 99, no. 4, p. 880-887, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370138.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"880","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":503041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol99/iss4/5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d50e4b08c986b318338","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, J.A.","contributorId":25508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020224,"text":"70020224 - 1997 - Population structure and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism and sex ratios in an insular population of Florida box turtles (<i>Terrapene carolina bauri</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:05:45","indexId":"70020224","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population structure and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism and sex ratios in an insular population of Florida box turtles (<i>Terrapene carolina bauri</i>)","docAbstract":"<p>Hypotheses in the chelonian literature suggest that in species with sexual size dimorphism, the smaller sex will mature at a smaller size and a younger age than the larger sex, sex ratios should be biased in favor of the earlier maturing sex, and deviations from a 1:1 sex ratio result from maturation of the smaller sex at a younger age. I tested these hypotheses using data collected from 1991 to 1995 on an insular (Egmont Key) population of Florida box turtles, Terrapene carolina bauri. Contrary to predictions, the earlier maturing sex (males) grew to larger sizes than the late maturing sex. Males were significantly larger than females in mean carapace length but not mean body mass. Sex ratios were not balanced, favoring the earlier maturing sex (1.6 males:1 female), but the sex-ratio imbalance did not result from faster maturation of the smaller sex. The imbalance in the sex ratio in Egmont Key's box turtles is not the result of sampling biases; it may result from nest placement. Size-class structure and sex ratios can provide valuable insights into the status and trends of populations of long-lived turtles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z97-773","usgsCitation":"Dodd, C., 1997, Population structure and the evolution of sexual size dimorphism and sex ratios in an insular population of Florida box turtles (<i>Terrapene carolina bauri</i>): Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 75, no. 9, p. 1495-1507, https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-773.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1495","endPage":"1507","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d9ae4b0c8380cd7a051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodd, C.K. Jr.","contributorId":86286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"C.K.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020223,"text":"70020223 - 1997 - Local survival of Dunlin wintering in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:48:06.626226","indexId":"70020223","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local survival of Dunlin wintering in California","docAbstract":"We estimated local annual survival of 1,051 individually color-banded Dunlin (Calidris alpina) at Bolinas Lagoon, California from 1979 to 1992. Resighting rates for birds banded as adults varied significantly among years, and resighting rates for first-year birds varied by sex and year. No significant differences in local survival rates were found between males and females in any age classes. First-year birds had lower local survival rates than adults. We suspect that raptor predation accounted for much of this difference and other variation in survival rates. Adult Dunlin had lower local survival rates in the year of capture than in subsequent years. Variation in resighting of some groups of individuals including transient Dunlin may account for some differences. However, capture and release of Dunlin may induce short-term behavioral changes that increase the risk of depredation by avian predators within the first few days after capture.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1370141","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Warnock, N., Page, G.W., and Sandercock, B.K., 1997, Local survival of Dunlin wintering in California: Condor, v. 99, no. 4, p. 906-915, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370141.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"915","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489816,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370141","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a48e7e4b0c8380cd681f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warnock, N.","contributorId":80615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, G. W.","contributorId":45246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Page","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandercock, B. K.","contributorId":61382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sandercock","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020133,"text":"70020133 - 1997 - Additional studies on mixed uranyl oxide-hydroxide hydrate alteration products of uraninite from the palermo and ruggles granitic pegmatites, grafton county, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020133","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Additional studies on mixed uranyl oxide-hydroxide hydrate alteration products of uraninite from the palermo and ruggles granitic pegmatites, grafton county, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Additional studies on an incompletely characterized secondary uranium \"mineral\" from the Ruggles and Palermo granitic pegmatites, New Hampshire, referred to as mineral \"A\" by Frondel (1956), reveal a mixture of schoepite-group minerals and related uranyl oxide-hydroxide hydrated compounds. A composite chemical analysis yielded (in wt.%): PbO 4.85 (EMP), UO3 83.5 (EMP), BaO 0.675 (av. of EMP and ICP), CaO 0.167 (av. of EMP and ICP), K2O 2.455 (av. of EMP and ICP), SrO 0.21 (ICP), ThO2 0.85 (ICP), H2O 6.9, ??99.61. Powder-diffraction X-ray studies indicate a close resemblance in patterns between mineral \"A\" and several uranyl oxide-hydroxide hydrated minerals, including the schoepite family of minerals and UO2(OH)2. The powder-diffraction data for mineral \"A\" are most similar to those for synthetic UO2.86??1.5H2O and UO2(OH)2, but other phases are likely present as well. TGA analysis of both mineral \"A\" and metaschoepite show similar weight-loss and first derivative curves. The dominant losses are at 100??C, with secondary events at 400?? and 600??C. IR spectra show the presence of (OH) and H2O. Uraninite from both pegmatites, analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS, shows the presence of Th, Pb, K and Ca.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Foord, E., Korzeb, S., Lichte, F., and Fitzpatrick, J.J., 1997, Additional studies on mixed uranyl oxide-hydroxide hydrate alteration products of uraninite from the palermo and ruggles granitic pegmatites, grafton county, New Hampshire: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 35, no. 1, p. 145-151.","startPage":"145","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6eee4b0c8380cd47725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korzeb, S.L.","contributorId":49802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korzeb","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lichte, F.E.","contributorId":99108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lichte","given":"F.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J. J.","contributorId":95078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020131,"text":"70020131 - 1997 - Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T00:00:24.661563","indexId":"70020131","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"136101989\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Fault-zone guided waves were successfully excited by near-surface explosions in the San Andreas fault zone both at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, central California. The guided waves were observed on linear, three-component seismic arrays deployed across the fault trace. These waves were not excited by explosions located outside the fault zone. The amplitude spectra of guided waves show a maximum peak at 2 Hz at Parkfield and 3 Hz at Cienega Valley. The guided wave amplitude decays sharply with observation distance from the fault trace. The explosion-excited fault-zone guided waves are similar to those generated by earthquakes at Parkfield but have lower frequencies and travel more slowly. These observations suggest that the fault-zone wave guide has lower seismic velocities as it approaches the surface at Parkfield. We have modeled the waveforms as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>waves trapped in a low-velocity wave guide sandwiched between high-velocity wall rocks, resulting in Love-type fault-zone guided waves. While the results are nonunique, the Parkfield data are adequately fit by a shallow wave guide 170 m wide with an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity 0.85 km/sec and an apparent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∼ 30 to 40. At Cienega Valley, the fault-zone wave guide appears to be about 120 m wide with an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity 0.7 km/sec and a<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∼ 30.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870010210","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Li, Y., Ellsworth, W., Thurber, C., Malin, P., and Aki, K., 1997, Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 1, p. 210-221, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870010210.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.66901999753915,\n              37.09198944946155\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66901999753915,\n              35.40874868089202\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.80683738035154,\n              35.40874868089202\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.80683738035154,\n              37.09198944946155\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.66901999753915,\n              37.09198944946155\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f21e4b0c8380cd537af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Y.-G.","contributorId":39141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.-G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurber, C.H.","contributorId":28617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurber","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malin, P.E.","contributorId":108104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malin","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aki, K.","contributorId":50303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aki","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020124,"text":"70020124 - 1997 - Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020124","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"Major element mass balances for Lake Baikal are calculated with mostly previously published data for soluble fluxes and new, unpublished data for riverine suspended particulate matter chemistry. Physical transport seems to be the most important riverine process. The elements Ca, Mg, and Na seem to be very mobile in the weathering mantle and K and Si seem to be relatively mobile. A comparison of elemental input-output budgets and mass accumulation rates (MAR) in bottom sediments shows that most major elements, except Ca, Si, and Mn, have comparable riverine particulate matter fluxes and MARs. The addition of wet atmospheric deposition fluxes results in an excess of Ca, Mg, and Na entering the lake. The additive effect of these excess inputs during a 40-year period amounts to undetectable concentration increases in the water column. If erosion of weathered bedrock is the source of most dissolved and all particulate matter transported to the lake, theoretical elemental fluxes can be calculated with Al as the conservative element. Flux ratios (observed/theoretical) range from 0.7 to 2.2, but most fall within the acceptable range of 0.7-1.5. Major rock-forming elements are carried by rivers as weathering products and there are minimal biogeochemical processes that modify these inputs as suspended particulate matter accumulates in the bottom sediments of the lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Granina, L., 1997, Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 42, no. 1, p. 148-155.","startPage":"148","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1686e4b0c8380cd5519b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granina, L.","contributorId":94052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granina","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020123,"text":"70020123 - 1997 - Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T15:11:03","indexId":"70020123","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>We surveyed the sea-floor geology within a 200-km2 area of Mamala Bay, off Honolulu, Hawai'i, by collecting and analyzing sidescan sonar images, 3.5kHz profiles, video and still visual images, and box-core samples. The study area extends from 20-m water depth on the insular shelf to 600-m water depth in a southeast-trending trough. The sidescan images depict three principal types of seafloor material: low-backscatter natural sediment, high-backscatter drowned carbonate reef, and intermediate-backscatter dredged-material deposits. Cores indicate that the natural sediment is muddy sand, composed of carbonate reef and microfauna debris with some volcanic grains. Vague areal trends in composition are evident. The dredged material comprises poorly sorted, cobble- to clay-size mixtures of reef, volcanic, and man-made debris, up to 35 cm thick. Dredged-material deposits are not evident in the 3.5-kHz profiles. In the sidescan images they appear as isolated, circular to subcircular imprints, apparently formed by individual drops, around the periphery of their occurrence, but they overlap and coalesce to a nearly continuous, intermediate-backscatter blanket toward the center of three disposal sites investigated. We did not observe noticeable currents during our camera surveys, but there is abundant evidence of sediment reworking: symmetrical and asymmetrical ripples in the visual images, sand waves in the 3.5-kHz profiles and side-scan images, moats around the reefs in 3.5-kHz profiles, winnowed dredged material in the visual images, and burial of dredged material by natural sediment in cores. Most current indicators imply a westerly to northwesterly transport direction, along contours or upslope, although there are a few areas of easterly indicators. Internal waves probably drive the transport; their possible existence is implied by measured water-column density gradients. <br /><br /></p>","language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., Torresan, M., and Barber, J.H., 1997, Sea-floor geology of a part of Mamala Bay, Hawai'i: Pacific Science, v. 51, no. 1, p. 54-75.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b880ae4b08c986b3167a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Torresan, M.E.","contributorId":22775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":82275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020111,"text":"70020111 - 1997 - The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:14:22","indexId":"70020111","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved ions from samples collected by wet/dry collectors were compared to those collected by bulk collectors at Halfmoon Creek and Ned Wilson Lake in western Colorado to determine if bulk collectors can be used to monitor wet deposition chemistry in remote, high-altitude regions in winter. Hydrogen-ion concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the bulk collectors. All other ion concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the bulk collectors except for ammonium (p > 0.05) at Halfmoon Creek. Wet deposition concentrations were predicated from bulk deposition concentrations through linear regression analysis. Results indicate that anions (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) can be predicted with a high degree of confidence. Lack of significant differences between seasonal (winter and summer) ratios of bulk to wet deposition concentrations indicates that at sites where operation of a wet/dry collector during the winter is not practical, wet deposition concentrations can be predicted from bulk collector samples through regression analysis of wet and bulk deposition data collected during the summer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02406168","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A., Turk, J., and Campbell, K., 1997, The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 95, no. 1-4, p. 237-255, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406168.","startPage":"237","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406168"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb162e4b08c986b3252fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, A.J.","contributorId":25189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020110,"text":"70020110 - 1997 - Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70020110","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination","docAbstract":"The climate of the North Atlantic region underwent a series of abrupt cold/warm oscillations when the ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere retreated during the last glacial termination (17.711.5 kyr ago). Evidence for these oscillations, which are recorded in European terrestrial sediments as the Oldest Dryas/Bolling/Older Dryas/Allerod/Younger Dryas vegetational sequence, has been found in Greenland ice cores. The geographical extent of many of these oscillations is not well known, but the last major cold event (the Younger Dryas) seems to have been global in extent. Here we present evidence of four major oscillations in the hydrological balance of the Owens basin, California, that occurred during the last glacial termination. Dry events in western North America occurred at approximately the same time as cold events recorded in Greenland ice, with transitions between climate regimes in the two regions taking place within a few hundred years of each other. Our observations thus support recent climate simulations which indicate that cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean results in cooling of the North Pacific Ocean which, in turn, leads to a drier climate in western North America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/40838","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Benson, L., Burdett, J., Lund, S., Kashgarian, M., and Mensing, S., 1997, Nearly synchronous climate change in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial termination: Nature, v. 388, no. 6639, p. 263-265, https://doi.org/10.1038/40838.","startPage":"263","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479021,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/40838","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206072,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40838"}],"volume":"388","issue":"6639","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a640ee4b0c8380cd72857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L.","contributorId":56793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdett, J.","contributorId":103019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, S.","contributorId":84933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kashgarian, Michaele","contributorId":68473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashgarian","given":"Michaele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mensing, S.","contributorId":90488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mensing","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020101,"text":"70020101 - 1997 - Using otoliths and scales to describe age and growth of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a high-elevation stream system, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020101","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using otoliths and scales to describe age and growth of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a high-elevation stream system, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Estimates of age and lengths at specific ages of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri Richardson) were made using otoliths and scales. Fish were sampled from 17 high-elevation streams in the Greybull River drainage, Wyoming. Variation in estimates of age within and among three readers were assessed using both structures. Variability among age estimates by individual readers was low for both structures. Estimates using otoliths were significantly less variable than were estimates based on scales both among readers and among estimates by individual readers. Otoliths were more accurate than scales for estimating the correct age of fish. Back-calculated estimates of fish lengths at given ages based on otoliths were significantly less than those based on scales, Hatchery fish grew faster than wild fish at younger ages. Overall, growth of wild fish was slower than in other areas where Yellowstone cutthroat trout are endemic. We predict that if otoliths were used instead of scales to assess age and growth of other trout species in high-elevation streams that similar differences in estimates based on the two structures would be observed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Kruse, C., Hubert, W., and Rahel, F., 1997, Using otoliths and scales to describe age and growth of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in a high-elevation stream system, Wyoming: Northwest Science, v. 71, no. 1, p. 30-38.","startPage":"30","endPage":"38","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc08be4b08c986b32a1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, C.G.","contributorId":72147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rahel, F.J.","contributorId":82037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rahel","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020100,"text":"70020100 - 1997 - Age and significance of earthquake-induced liquefaction near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T16:06:06.983085","indexId":"70020100","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1166,"text":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and significance of earthquake-induced liquefaction near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","docAbstract":"In late 1994, sand dykes, large sand blows, and deformed strata were exposed in the walls of an excavation at Annacis Island on the Fraser River delta near Vancouver, British Columbia. The features record liquefaction during a large earthquake about 1700 years ago; this was perhaps the largest earthquake to affect the Vancouver area in the last 3500 years. Similar, less well-dated features have been reported from several other sites on the Fraser delta and may be products of the same earthquake. Three radiocarbon ages that closely delimit the time of liquefaction on Annacis Island are similar to the most precise radiocarbon ages on coseismically subsided marsh soils at estuaries in southern Washington and Oregon. Both the liquefaction and the subsidence may have been produced by a single great plate-boundary earthquake at the Cascadia subduction zone. Alternatively, liquefaction at Annacis Island may have been caused by a large crustal or subcrustal earthquake of about the same age as a plate-boundary earthquake farther west. The data from Annacis Island and other sites on the Fraser delta suggest that earthquakes capable of producing extensive liquefaction in this area are rare events. Further, liquefaction analysis using historical seismicity suggests that current assessment procedures may overestimate liquefaction risk.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/t96-081","usgsCitation":"Clague, J.J., Naesgaard, E., and Nelson, A., 1997, Age and significance of earthquake-induced liquefaction near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: Canadian Geotechnical Journal, v. 34, no. 1, p. 53-62, https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-081.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228038,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"British Columbia","city":"Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.31816679721818,\n              49.31800575292786\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31816679721818,\n              49.00125031229382\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7762456570658,\n              49.00125031229382\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.7762456570658,\n              49.31800575292786\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31816679721818,\n              49.31800575292786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8e2e4b0c8380cd47f47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clague, J. J.","contributorId":36306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clague","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naesgaard, E.","contributorId":39144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naesgaard","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, A.R. 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":55078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020092,"text":"70020092 - 1997 - What a = 1/298 and C/Ma<sub>2</sub> = 0.333 really tell us about the Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T15:14:56","indexId":"70020092","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2125,"text":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What a = 1/298 and C/Ma<sub>2</sub> = 0.333 really tell us about the Earth","docAbstract":"<p>The discussion in the several versions of The Earth by Jeffreys (third edition, 1952, for example) [1] relative to the ellipticity of the Earth does not demonstrate, as generally believed, that the Earth has the shape of a rotating liquid. His development in conjunction with the work of H. Lamb (1945) [2] shows unequivocally that the Earth is much less oblate than required if it were behaving as a liquid mass. It is not true that the observations of Bouguer in the late 1700's regarding the actual ellipticity of the Earth demonstrated the liquidity of the Earth with mass concentrated towards the center. In fact, proper interpretation of his data would have shown that the Earth's ellipticity results from its great strength, not its weakness. Data available today establish that great strength resides in the lower mantle and has in all probability resided there from the time of the Earth's origin. This strength results in the need for reinterpretation of Earth behavior and operative processes.</p>","language":"English","issn":"10693513","usgsCitation":"Evernden, J., 1997, What a = 1/298 and C/Ma<sub>2</sub> = 0.333 really tell us about the Earth: Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, v. 33, no. 2, p. 162-170.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd02de4b08c986b32eced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evernden, J. F.","contributorId":40593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evernden","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020042,"text":"70020042 - 1997 - Impact of an extreme event on the sediment budget: Hurricane Andrew in the Louisiana barrier islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T15:24:15","indexId":"70020042","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impact of an extreme event on the sediment budget: Hurricane Andrew in the Louisiana barrier islands","docAbstract":"This paper examines the influence of Hurricane Andrew on the sediment budget of an 80-kilometer section of the Louisiana barrier islands west of the modern Mississippi delta. Because long-term bathymetric change has been extensively studied in this area, excellent baseline data are available for evaluating the impact of Hurricane Andrew. Results show that despite the high intensity of the storm and a storm track optimally positioned to impact the study area, the storm did not have an overwhelming influence on the sediment budget when compared to the changes occurring over the previous 50 years. For the Louisiana barrier islands, a 50-year record appears to be adequate for averaging the long-term contributions of both major and minor storm events to the sediment budget.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Part 1 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","usgsCitation":"List, J., Hansen, M., Sallenger, and Jaffe, B.E., 1997, Impact of an extreme event on the sediment budget: Hurricane Andrew in the Louisiana barrier islands, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 3, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996, p. 2756-2769.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2756","endPage":"2769","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.38427734374999,\n              28.815799886487298\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              28.815799886487298\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38427734374999,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.38427734374999,\n              28.815799886487298\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38b3e4b0c8380cd6166c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, B.L","contributorId":111972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"B.L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508688,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Mark E.","contributorId":49943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Mark E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sallenger, Jr.","contributorId":105768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020034,"text":"70020034 - 1997 - Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70020034","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2254,"text":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application","docAbstract":"People frequently regard the landscape as part of a static system. The mountains and rivers that cross the landscape, and the bedrock that supports the surface, change little during the course of a lifetime. Society can alter the geologic history of an area and, in so doing, affect the occurrence and impact of environmental hazards. For example, changes in land use can induce changes in erosion, sedimentation, and ground-water supply. As the environmental system is changed by both natural processes and human activities, the system's capacity to respond to additional stresses also changes. Information such as geologic maps describes the physical world and is critical for identifying solutions to land use and environmental issues. In this paper, a method is developed for estimating the economic value of applying geologic map information to siting a waste disposal facility. An improvement in geologic map information is shown to have a net positive value to society. Such maps enable planners to make superior land management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jeem.1996.0963","issn":"00950696","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Brookshire, D., McKee, M., and Soller, D.R., 1997, Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 204-218, https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1996.0963.","startPage":"204","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1996.0963"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b62e4b0c8380cd526cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookshire, D.S.","contributorId":43335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, M.","contributorId":55554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014885,"text":"1014885 - 1997 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in the environment: Relationship to effluent from aquaculture facilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-01T11:09:15.218048","indexId":"1014885","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in the environment: Relationship to effluent from aquaculture facilities","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Effluents from three fish hatcheries were monitored for the discharge and subsequent downstream distribution of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Samples of springwater and surface water, and tissues from salmonid and non-salmonid fish were assayed for IPNV. Water samples were processed to recover virus by adsorption to an electropositive, microporous filter matrix. No IPNV was detected in surface water collected above fish hatcheries or in hatchery springwater supplies. The virus could be detected for at least 19.3 km below the point of effluent discharge from hatcheries and the prevalence of IPNV infection in stream-resident fish was 2.8%.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00297.x","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Bebak, J., 1997, Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in the environment: Relationship to effluent from aquaculture facilities: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 20, p. 201-207, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00297.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee8de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bebak, J.","contributorId":31704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bebak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020023,"text":"70020023 - 1997 - Environmental 90Sr measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:41:08","indexId":"70020023","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental 90Sr measurements","docAbstract":"90Sr (T1/2 = 28.5 years) is a long-lived radionuclide produced in nuclear fission. Fast radiochemical detection of 90Sr in environmental samples is not feasible using current analytical methods. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) measurements of 90Sr were made with the Rehovot 14UD Pelletron accelerator at a terminal voltage of 11 or 12 MV using our standard detection system. Injection of hydride ions (SrH3-) was chosen owing to high beam intensity and low Coulomb explosion effects. 90Sr ions were identified and discriminated from isobaric 90Zr by measuring time of flight, total energy and three independent energy-loss signals in an ionization chamber. A reference sample and a ground-water sample were successfully measured. The detection limit determined for a laboratory blank by the residual counts in the 90Sr region is 90Sr/Sr = 3 ?? 10-13, corresponding in practice to (2-4) ?? 10790Sr atoms or about 0.5-1 pCi/L in environmental water samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Paul, M., Berkovits, D., Cecil, L., Feldstein, H., Hershkowitz, A., Kashiv, Y., and Vogt, S., 1997, Environmental 90Sr measurements: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 123, no. 1-4, p. 394-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2.","startPage":"394","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268849,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a098ce4b0c8380cd51f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, M.","contributorId":100096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkovits, D.","contributorId":21300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkovits","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feldstein, H.","contributorId":11350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldstein","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershkowitz, A.","contributorId":26464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershkowitz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kashiv, Y.","contributorId":9014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashiv","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, S.","contributorId":86126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020010,"text":"70020010 - 1997 - Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020010","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2152,"text":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","docAbstract":"The mineral loparite (Ce, NA, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3 is the principal ore of the light-group rare-earth elements (LREE) in Russia. The complex oxide has a perovskite (ABO3) structure with coupled substitutions, polymorphism, defect chemistry and a tendency to become metamict. The A site generally contains weakly bonded, easily exchanged cations of the LREE, Na and Ca. The B site generally contains smaller, highly charged cations of Ti, Nb or Fe+3. Mine production is from Russia's Kola Peninsula. Ore is beneficiated to produce a 95% loparite concentrate containing 30% rare-earth oxides. Loparite concentrate is refined by either a chlorination process or acid decomposition process to recover rare-earths, titanium, niobium and tantalum. Rare-earths are separated by solvent extraction and selective precipitation/dissolution. The concentrate is processed at plants in Russia, Estonia and Kazakstan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 21st Rare Earth Research Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"7 July 1996 through 12 July 1996","conferenceLocation":"Duluth, MN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science S.A.","publisherLocation":"Lausanne, Switzerland","doi":"10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1","issn":"09258388","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, J.B., Sinha, S.P., and Kosynkin, V.D., 1997, Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 250, no. 1 -2 pt 2, p. 467-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.","startPage":"467","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1"},{"id":227861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1 -2 pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49cfe4b0c8380cd688e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, James B.","contributorId":19993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, Shyama P.","contributorId":8241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"Shyama","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kosynkin, Valery D.","contributorId":92004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosynkin","given":"Valery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014829,"text":"1014829 - 1997 - Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:10","indexId":"1014829","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-068/TF","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Rice, J., Crowder, L., and Binkowski, F., 1997, Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 2, p. 405-414.","productDescription":"p. 405-414","startPage":"405","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkowski, F. P.","contributorId":9612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkowski","given":"F.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020025,"text":"70020025 - 1997 - Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:26:07.180803","indexId":"70020025","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood","docAbstract":"<div class=\" metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Intense rains produced flooding during the spring and summer of 1993 over much of the midwestern USA including many agricultural areas of Missouri. Because of potential contamination from floodwater, an investigation was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of agricultural chemicals in water samples from alluvial wells in Missouri after the flood. Water samples from 80 alluvial wells with historical data were collected in March, July, and November 1994, and analyzed for dissolved herbicides, herbicide metabolites, and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of alachlor ((2,chloro-2′-6′-diethyl-<i>N</i>-[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide), atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5 triazine), and nitrate concentrations between pre- and postflood samples (α = 0.05). The detection frequency of alachlor and atrazine in postflood samples was generally lower than the frequency in preflood samples. Analyses of agricultural chemicals in water samples from an intensely sampled well field indicate significant differences between the distribution of dissolved P concentrations in pre- and postflood samples (α = 0.05). However, no significant differences were detected between the pre- and postflood distributions of NO<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>or ammonia concentrations. Because of the numerous sources of temporal variability and the relatively short record of water-quality data for the study wells, a cause-and-effect relation between changes in agricultural chemical concentrations and a single factor of the 1993 flood is difficult to determine. Based on the results of this study, the 1993 flood did not cause widespread or long-term significant changes in concentrations of agricultural chemicals in water from alluvial aquifers in Missouri.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600020005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Richards, J., and Wilkison, D., 1997, Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 26, no. 2, p. 361-371, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600020005x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"371","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e912e4b0c8380cd48092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, D. C.","contributorId":38608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, J.M.","contributorId":105775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkison, D.H.","contributorId":39800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019914,"text":"70019914 - 1997 - Primitive magmas at five Cascade volcanic fields: Melts from hot, heterogeneous sub-arc mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T11:23:09","indexId":"70019914","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Primitive magmas at five Cascade volcanic fields: Melts from hot, heterogeneous sub-arc mantle","docAbstract":"<p>Major and trace element concentrations, including REE by isotope dilution, and Sr, Nd, Pb, and O isotope ratios have been determined for 38 mafic lavas from the Mount Adams, Crater Lake, Mount Shasta, Medicine Lake, and Lassen volcanic fields, in the Cascade arc, northwestern part of the United States. Many of the samples have a high Mg# [100Mg/(Mg + FeT) &gt; 60] and Ni content (&gt;140 ppm) such that we consider them to be primitive. We recognize three end-member primitive magma groups in the Cascades, characterized mainly by their trace-element and alkali-metal abundances: (1) High-alumina olivine tholeiite (HAOT) has trace element abundances similar to N-MORB, except for slightly elevated LILE, and has Eu/Eu* &gt; 1. (2) Arc basalt and basaltic andesite have notably higher LILE contents, generally have higher SiO2 contents, are more oxidized, and have higher Cr for a given Ni abundance than HAOT. These lavas show relative depletion in HFSE, have lower HREE and higher LREE than HAOT, and have smaller Eu/Eu* (0.94-1.06). (3) Alkali basalt from the Simcoe volcanic field east of Mount Adams represents the third end-member, which contributes an intraplate geochemical signature to magma compositions. Notable geochemical features among the volcanic fields are: (1) Mount Adams rocks are richest in Fe and most incompatible elements including HFSE; (2) the most incompatible-element depleted lavas occur at Medicine Lake; (3) all centers have relatively primitive lavas with high LILE/HFSE ratios but only the Mount Adams, Lassen, and Medicine Lake volcanic fields also have relatively primitive rocks with an intraplate geochemical signature; (4) there is a tendency for increasing 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/204Pb, and ??18O and decreasing 206Pb/204Pb and 143Nd/144Nd from north to south. The three end-member Cascade magma types reflect contributions from three mantle components: depleted sub-arc mantle modestly enriched in LILE during ancient subduction; a modern, hydrous subduction component; and OIB-source-like domains. Lavas with arc and intraplate (OIB) geochemical signatures were erupted close to HAOT, and many lavas are blends of two or more magma types. Pre-eruptive H2O contents of HAOT, coupled with phase-equilibrium studies, suggest that these magmas were relatively dry and last equilibrated in the mantle wedge at temperatures of ~1300 degrees C and depths of ~40 km, virtually at the base of the crust. Arc basalt and basaltic andesite represent greater extents of melting than HAOT, presumably in the same general thermal regime but at somewhat lower mantle separation temperatures, of domains of sub-arc mantle that have been enriched by a hydrous subduction component derived from the young, relatively hot Juan de Fuca plate. The primitive magmas originated by partial melting in response to adiabatic upwelling within the mantle wedge. Tectonic extension in this part of the Cascade arc, one characterized by slow oblique convergence, contributes to mantle upwelling and facilitates eruption of primitive magmas.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., Bruggman, P., Christiansen, R., Clynne, M., Donnelly-Nolan, J., and Hildreth, W., 1997, Primitive magmas at five Cascade volcanic fields: Melts from hot, heterogeneous sub-arc mantle: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 397-423.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"423","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ba2e4b0c8380cd7e2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bruggman, P. E.","contributorId":83536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruggman","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019916,"text":"70019916 - 1997 - Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T14:07:35","indexId":"70019916","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands","docAbstract":"Two sets of hydrologic indices were developed to characterize the water-budget components of nontidal wetlands. The first set consisted of six water-budget indices for input and output variables, and the second set consisted of two hydrologic interaction indices derived from the water-budget indices. The indices then were applied to 19 wetlands with previously published water-budget data. Two trilinear diagrams for each wetland were constructed, one for the three input indices and another for the three output indices. These two trilinear diagrams then were combined with a central quadrangle to form a Piper-type diagram, with data points from the trilinear diagrams projected onto the quadrangle. The quadrangle then was divided into nine fields that summarized the water-budget information. Two quantitative \"interaction indices\" were calculated from two of the six water-budget indices (precipitation and evapotranspiration). They also were obtained graphically from the water-budget indices, which were first projected to the central quadrangle of a Piper-type diagram from the flanking trilinear plots. The first interaction index (l) defines the strength of interaction between a wetland and the surrounding ground- and surface-water system. The second interaction index (S) defines the nature of the interaction between the wetland and the surrounding ground- and surface-water system (source versus sink). Evaluation of these indices using published wetland water-budget data illustrates the usefulness of the technique.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03160715","issn":"02775212","usgsCitation":"Lent, R.M., Weiskel, P.K., Lyford, F.P., and Armstrong, D.S., 1997, Hydrologic indices for nontidal wetlands: Wetlands, v. 17, no. 1, p. 19-30, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160715.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3638e4b0c8380cd6052f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskel, Peter K. pweiskel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskel","given":"Peter","email":"pweiskel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstrong, David S. 0000-0003-1695-1233 darmstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1695-1233","contributorId":1390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"David","email":"darmstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019912,"text":"70019912 - 1997 - Testing alternative conceptual models of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer using computer simulation, southern California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:41:17","indexId":"70019912","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing alternative conceptual models of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer using computer simulation, southern California, USA","docAbstract":"Two alternative conceptual models of the physical processes controlling seawater intrusion in a coastal basin in California, USA, were tested to identify a likely principal pathway for seawater intrusion. The conceptual models were tested by using a two-dimensional, finite-element groundwater flow and transport model. This pathway was identified by the conceptual model that best replicated the historical data. The numerical model was applied in cross section to a submarine canyon that is a main avenue for seawater to enter the aquifer system underlying the study area. Both models are characterized by a heterogeneous, layered, water-bearing aquifer. However, the first model is characterized by flat-lying aquifer layers and by a high value of hydraulic conductivity in the basal aquifer layer, which is thought to be a principal conduit for seawater intrusion. The second model is characterized by offshore folding, which was modeled as a very nearshore outcrop, thereby providing a shorter path for seawater to intrude. General conclusions are that: 1) the aquifer system is best modeled as a flat, heterogeneous, layered system; 2) relatively thin basal layers with relatively high values of hydraulic conductivity are the principal pathways for seawater intrusion; and 3) continuous clay layers of low hydraulic conductivity play an important role in controlling the movement of seawater.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050116","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Nishikawa, T., 1997, Testing alternative conceptual models of seawater intrusion in a coastal aquifer using computer simulation, southern California, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 5, no. 3, p. 60-74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050116.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228144,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-11-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5b9e4b08c986b320c21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019911,"text":"70019911 - 1997 - Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:57:00","indexId":"70019911","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significantly increased resolution of determining macropore recharge by combining physical, chemical, and isotopic methods of analysis. Techniques for quantifying macropore recharge were developed for both small-scale (1 to 10 km2) and regional-scale areas in and semi-arid areas. The Southern High Plains region of Texas and New Mexico was used as a representative field site to test these methods. Macropore recharge in small-scale areas is considered to be the difference between total recharge through floors of topographically dosed basins and interstitial recharge through the same area. On the regional scale, macropore recharge was considered to be the difference between regional average annual recharge and interstitial recharge measured in the unsaturated zone. Stable isotopic composition of ground water and precipitation was used us an independent estimate of macropore recharge on the regional scale. Results of this analysis suggest that in the Southern High Plains recharge flux through macropores is between 60 and 80 percent of the total 11 mm/y. Between 15 and 35 percent of the recharge occurs by interstitial recharge through the basin floors. Approximately 5 percent of the total recharge occurs as either interstitial or matrix recharge between the basin floors, representing approximately 95 percent of the area. The approach is applicable to other arid and semi-arid areas that focus rainfall into depressions or valleys.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significantly increased resolution of determining macropore recharge by combining physical, chemical, and isotopic methods of analysis. Techniques for quantifying macropore recharge were developed for both small-scale (1 to 10 km2) and regional-scale areas in arid and semi-arid areas. The Southern High Plains region of Texas and New Mexico was used as a representative field site to test these methods. Macropore recharge in small-scale areas is considered to be the difference between total recharge through floors of topographically closed basins and interstitial recharge through the same area. On the regional scale, macropore recharge was considered to be the difference between regional average annual recharge and interstitial recharge measured in the unsaturated zone. Stable isotopic composition of ground water and precipitation was used as an independent estimate of macropore recharge on the regional scale. Results of this analysis suggest that in the Southern High Plains recharge flux through macropores is between 60 and 80 percent of the total 11 mm/y. Between 15 and 35 percent of the recharge occurs by interstitial recharge through the basin floors. Approximately 5 percent of the total recharge occurs as either interstitial or matrix recharge between the basin floors, representing approximately 95 percent of the area. The approach is applicable to other arid and semi-arid areas that focus rainfall into depressions or valleys.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00182.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Rainwater, K.A., and Thompson, D., 1997, Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1097-1105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00182.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d2e4b0c8380cd804a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rainwater, Ken A.","contributorId":61188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rainwater","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, D.B.","contributorId":74418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}