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,{"id":1004060,"text":"1004060 - 1997 - Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:39:14.018687","indexId":"1004060","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. infections in green turtles, <i>Chelonia mydas</i>, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","title":"Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"<p>For the first time, <i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. oocysts were identified in fecal and intestinal samples from free-ranging marine turtles, <i>Chelonia mydas</i>, from the Hawaiian Islands. The oocysts produced positive reactions with commercial test kits recommended for the detection of human-infectious waterborne oocysts of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.63.7.2925-2927.1997","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, T., Balazs, G., Work, T.M., Aguirre, A., Ellis, D., Murakawa, S.K., and Morris, R., 1997, Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 63, no. 7, p. 2925-2927, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.7.2925-2927.1997.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2925","endPage":"2927","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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A.A.","contributorId":107647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aguirre","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ellis, D.M.","contributorId":22283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Murakawa, Shawn K. K.","contributorId":102833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murakawa","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"K. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morris, Robert","contributorId":70723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1015916,"text":"1015916 - 1997 - Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T13:15:34","indexId":"1015916","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"We developed a multivariate description of black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) habitat associations from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) signatures surrounding known jackrabbit locations in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA), in southwestern Idaho. Habitat associations were determined for characteristics within a 1-km radius (approx home range size) of jackrabbits sighted on night spotlight surveys conducted from 1987 through 1995. Predictive habitat variables were number of shrub, agriculture, and hydrography cells, mean and standard deviation of shrub patch size, habitat richness, and a measure of spatial heterogeneity. In winter, jackrabbits used smaller and less variable sizes of shrub patches and areas of higher spatial heterogeneity when compared to summer observations (P < 0.05). During the low population phase, jackrabbits also used agricultural regions more during winter than summer. The association with agricultural regions was emphasized spatially in a GIS map contrasting winter and summer periods. Multivariate habitat means (P < 0.001), but not individual GIS variables (P > 0.05), differed significantly between high and low population phase. We used the Mahalanobis distance statistic to rank all 50-m cells in a 440,000-ha region relative to the multivariate mean habitat vector. On verification surveys to test predicted models, we sighted jackrabbits in areas ranked close to the mean habitat vector. Areas burned by large-scale fires between 1980 and 1992 or in an area repeatedly burned by military training activities had greater Mahalanobis distances from the mean habitat vector than unburned areas and were less likely to contain habitats used by jackrabbits.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802416","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Dyer, D., 1997, Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, D.L.","contributorId":87900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70180882,"text":"70180882 - 1997 - Comparison of tree basal area and canopy cover in habitat models: Subalpine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:33:52","indexId":"70180882","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of tree basal area and canopy cover in habitat models: Subalpine forest","docAbstract":"<p>Canopy cover and basal area are 2 common measures of tree cover used in forest wildlife habitat models and resource selection studies. When choosing between these 2 measures, it is important to recognize that they may differentially estimate relative cover of coexisting tree species due to differences in bole diameter distributions, crown overlap, and crown widths as a function of bole diameter. I found moderate agreement (multivariate p = 0.62, P &lt; 0.0001) between lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) composition estimated by relative canopy cover and relative basal area in young to old-growth stands (n = 31) in subalpine forest of northcentral Colorado. However, differences between stand compositions estimated by relative canopy cover and relative basal area (average = 17%, range = 1-44%) were predictable based on multiple regression models of canopy cover as a function of basal area and trees/ha. I attributed most (11 of 14) above average deviations (&gt;17%) to differences in diameter distributions among species in mature to old-growth (&gt;200 yr) stands. Low densities of large diameter lodgepole pine or Engelmann spruce were a greater proportion of the basal area than of the canopy cover, while the converse occurred for higher densities of small and large diameter subalpine fir. Only 3 of 14 deviations &gt;17% were attributed to species differences in crown overlap and crown width as a function of bole diameter, which occurred for young (22 yr) and intermediate-aged (48-80 yr) stands. I recommend use of basal area rather than canopy cover to estimate tree cover when it is desirable to emphasize large, uncommon trees that are resources used by the wildlife species of interest or that are indicators of important forest disturbance and successional conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802588","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., 1997, Comparison of tree basal area and canopy cover in habitat models: Subalpine forest: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 2, p. 326-335, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802588.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"326","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334835,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180717,"text":"70180717 - 1997 - Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T19:58:12","indexId":"70180717","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper","docAbstract":"<p><span>Females in lek‐breeding species appear to copulate with a small subset of the available males. Such strong directional selection is predicted to decrease additive genetic variance in the preferred male traits, yet females continue to mate selectively, thus generating the lek paradox. In a study of buff‐breasted sandpipers (</span><i>Tryngites subruficollis</i><span>), we combine detailed behavioral observations with paternity analyses using single‐locus minisatellite DNA probes to provide the first evidence from a lek‐breeding species that the variance in male reproductive success is much lower than expected. In 17 and 30 broods sampled in two consecutive years, a minimum of 20 and 39 males, respectively, sired offspring. This low variance in male reproductive success resulted from effective use of alternative reproductive tactics by males, females mating with solitary males off leks, and multiple mating by females. Thus, the results of this study suggests that sexual selection through female choice is weak in buff‐breasted sandpipers. The behavior of other lek‐breeding birds is sufficiently similar to that of buff‐breasted sandpipers that paternity studies of those species should be conducted to determine whether leks generally are less paradoxical than they appear.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/286038","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Scribner, K.T., Kempenaers, B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper: American Naturalist, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1051-1070, https://doi.org/10.1086/286038.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180881,"text":"70180881 - 1997 - Comment: Cautions on forcing regression equations through the origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-06T14:24:07","indexId":"70180881","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment: Cautions on forcing regression equations through the origin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675-17.1.225","usgsCitation":"Cade, B.S., and Terrell, J.W., 1997, Comment: Cautions on forcing regression equations through the origin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 1, p. 225-227, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675-17.1.225.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58999945e4b0efcedb71a0c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019585,"text":"70019585 - 1997 - Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:38:58","indexId":"70019585","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The kinetics of anaerobic mineralization of DCE and VC under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions as a function of dissolved contaminant concentration were evaluated. Microorganisms indigenous to creek bed sedi ments, where groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethenes continuously discharges, demonstrated significant mineralization of DCE and VC under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. Over 37 days, the recovery of [1,2-<sup>14</sup>C]VC radioactivity as<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ranged from 5% to 44% and from 8% to 100% under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions, respectively. The recovery of [1,2-<sup>14</sup>C]DCE radioactivity as<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>ranged from 4% to 14% and did not vary significantly between methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. VC mineralization was described by Michaelis−Menten kinetics. Under methanogenic condi tions,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was 0.19 ± 0.01 μmol L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and the half-saturation constant,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>m</sub>, was 7.6 ± 1.7 μM. Under Fe(III)-reducing conditions,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was 0.76 ± 0.07 μmol L<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>m</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was 1.3 ± 0.5 μM. In contrast, DCE mineralization could be described by first-order kinetics. The first-order degradation rate constant for DCE mineralization was 0.6 ± 0.2% d<sup>-1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. The results indicate that the kinetics of chlorinated ethene mineralization can vary significantly with the specific contaminant and the predominant redox conditions under which mineralization occurs.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970110e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1997, Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2692-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970110e.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2692","endPage":"2696","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970110e"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a9e4b0c8380cd64f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019507,"text":"70019507 - 1997 - Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:27:42.11803","indexId":"70019507","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"first last\">A database on a number of elements in oceanic volcanic rocks is presented, including the principal major-element oxides-SiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(T), MnO, MgO, CaO, Na<sub>2</sub>O, K<sub>2</sub>O, and P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(where T refers to total iron)–and the trace elements–Ba, Ce, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sc, Sr, V, Pb (mainly by isotope dilution), Yb, Zn, and Zr. Interpretations are given for transition metals, with emphasis on Mn, Sc, and V, in order to determine the concentration of the elements in primitive melts and assess their trends in magmatic differentiation. Transition metals are not enriched in plagioclase, so all are incompatible with pure plagioclase removal–that is, they become enriched in the melt. Both Cr and Ni are known to be highly compatible with olivine separation-i.e., they are depleted in the melt early in differentiation. Also, Sc is compatible with clinopyroxene (Cpx) removal from the melt and is depleted by separation of Cpx. Copper does not fit well in any of the principal silicates, but Cu, like Ni, is greatly enriched in sulfides that may remain in the source or separate from the magma. Decreasing Ni abundances and increasing Cu contents during differentiation are a sign of olivine separation. In the analysis presented herein, V–in the absence of Cpx separation–is found to behave remarkably like the moderately incompatible element Zn, and these two elements add to the list of element pairs of similar incompatibility whose ratios are insensitive to differentiation and to submarine weathering as well. Both are enhanced in titanomagnetite, so both would be compatible during titanomagnetite separation. When Cpx separates, however, V becomes compatible like Sc, but Zn remains incompatible. Thus, decreasing V (and Sc) contents and increasing Zn contents during differentiation are a sign of Cpx separation. Manganese often behaves much like Zn and therefore is moderately incompatible, but Mn is less compatible than Zn and V in titanomagnetite. Thus, decreasing Zn and V with increasing Mn is an indication of titanomagnetite removal. Dual compatible and incompatible trends with differentiation are found chiefly for Cu, Sc, and Sr. Distinguishing mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), oceanic-island volcanic rocks (OIV), and island-arc volcanic rocks (IAV) may be accomplished by plots of Ce/Yb versus Ba/Ce, where OIV plot to higher values of Ce/Yb than do MORB, and IAV data plot to higher values of Ba/Ce than do those of MORB. These ratios do not seem to be significantly affected by submarine weathering.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819709465317","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 1997, Geochemistry of oceanic igneous rocks - Ridges, islands, and arcs - With emphasis on manganese, scandium, and vanadium: International Geology Review, v. 39, no. 12, p. 1053-1112, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465317.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"1053","endPage":"1112","numberOfPages":"60","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1708e4b0c8380cd55363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019505,"text":"70019505 - 1997 - Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:50:44","indexId":"70019505","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","title":"Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>The California clapper rail (<i>Rallus longirostris obsoletus</i>), a Federal- and State-listed endangered marsh bird, has a geographic range restricted to one of the most heavily-urbanized estuaries in the world. The rail population has long been in a state of decline, although the exact contribution of each of the many contributing causes remains unclear. The rail is one of the key targets of emerging plans to conserve and restore tidal marshlands. Reduction of tidal marsh habitat, estimated at 85–95%, has been the major historical cause of rail decline. Increased predation intensity may be the more important present problem, because habitat fragmentation and alteration coupled with the invasion of the red fox have made the remaining populations more vulnerable to predators. Population viability analysis shows that adult survivorship is the key demographic variable; reversals in population fate occur over a narrow range of ecologically realistic values. Analysis of habitat requirements and population dynamics of the clapper rail in the San Francisco Estuary shows that decreased within-marsh habitat quality, particularly reduction of tidal flows and alteration of drainage, is an important barrier to population recovery. Management and restoration activities should emphasize the development of well-channelized high tidal marsh, because this is the key requirement of rail habitat. Developing effective restoration programs depends upon having information that field research will not provide. The effect of spatial pattern of reserves requires accurate estimation of the effects of prédation and inter-marsh movement, both of which are practically impossible to measure adequately. It will be necessary to develop and use simulation models that can be applied to geographic data to accomplish this task.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00036-4","usgsCitation":"Foin, T.C., Garcia, E.J., Gill, R., Culberson, S.D., and Collins, J.N., 1997, Recovery strategies for the California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) in the heavily-urbanized San Francisco estuarine ecosystem: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 38, no. 3-4, p. 229-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(97)00036-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a349e4b0e8fec6cdb7ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foin, Theodore C.","contributorId":174646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foin","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13461,"text":"U.C. Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, E. Jacqueline","contributorId":174039,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jacqueline","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culberson, Steven D.","contributorId":82166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culberson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collins, Joshua N.","contributorId":150531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12703,"text":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019134,"text":"70019134 - 1997 - Activated char from Illinois coal for combined SO2/NOx removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70019134","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activated char from Illinois coal for combined SO2/NOx removal","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Lizzio, A., Chang, A., and Haslbeck, J., 1997, Activated char from Illinois coal for combined SO2/NOx removal: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 42, no. 3, p. 867-869.","startPage":"867","endPage":"869","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6a6e4b0c8380cd4756d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizzio, A.A.","contributorId":70937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizzio","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, A.M.","contributorId":59964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haslbeck, J.L.","contributorId":65235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haslbeck","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019230,"text":"70019230 - 1997 - The physical basis of glacier volume-area scaling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:43:48.263583","indexId":"70019230","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The physical basis of glacier volume-area scaling","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ice volumes are known for only a few of the roughly 160,000 glaciers worldwide but are important components of many climate and sea level studies which require water flux estimates. A scaling analysis of the mass and momentum conservation equations shows that glacier volumes can be related by a power law to more easily observed glacier surface areas. The relationship requires four closure choices for the scaling behavior of glacier widths, slopes, side drag and mass balance. Reasonable closures predict a volume-area scaling exponent which is consistent with observations, giving a physical and practical basis for estimating ice volumes. Glacier volume is insensitive to perturbations in the mass balance scaling, but changes in average accumulation area ratios reflect significant changes in the scaling of both mass balance and ice volume.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01696","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bahr, D., Meier, M.F., and Peckham, S., 1997, The physical basis of glacier volume-area scaling: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20355-20362, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01696.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"20355","endPage":"20362","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01696","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae94e4b08c986b3241c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bahr, D.B.","contributorId":16173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahr","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, M. F.","contributorId":98713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peckham, S.D.","contributorId":87704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peckham","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019104,"text":"70019104 - 1997 - An X-ray diffraction method for semiquantitative mineralogical analysis of Chilean nitrate ore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019104","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3287,"text":"Revista Geologica de Chile","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An X-ray diffraction method for semiquantitative mineralogical analysis of Chilean nitrate ore","docAbstract":"Computer analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data provides a simple method for determining the semiquantitative mineralogical composition of naturally occurring mixtures of saline minerals. The method herein described was adapted from a computer program for the study of mixtures of naturally occurring clay minerals. The program evaluates the relative intensities of selected diagnostic peaks for the minerals in a given mixture, and then calculates the relative concentrations of these minerals. The method requires precise calibration of XRD data for the minerals to be studied and selection of diffraction peaks that minimize inter-compound interferences. The calculated relative abundances are sufficiently accurate for direct comparison with bulk chemical analyses of naturally occurring saline mineral assemblages.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Revista Geologica de Chile","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07160208","usgsCitation":"Jackson, J., and Ericksent, G., 1997, An X-ray diffraction method for semiquantitative mineralogical analysis of Chilean nitrate ore: Revista Geologica de Chile, v. 24, no. 1, p. 45-54.","startPage":"45","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9dfe4b0c8380cd484d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, J.C.","contributorId":104503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ericksent, G.E.","contributorId":63546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ericksent","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014866,"text":"1014866 - 1997 - Genetic variation of microsatellite loci in sturgeon: primer sequence homology in Acipenser and Scaphirhynchus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:29","indexId":"1014866","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic variation of microsatellite loci in sturgeon: primer sequence homology in Acipenser and Scaphirhynchus","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-074/NF","usgsCitation":"May, B., Krueger, C., and Kincaid, H.L., 1997, Genetic variation of microsatellite loci in sturgeon: primer sequence homology in Acipenser and Scaphirhynchus: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 7, p. 1542-1547.","productDescription":"p. 1542-1547","startPage":"1542","endPage":"1547","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132248,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, B.","contributorId":19112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krueger, C.C.","contributorId":97042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krueger","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020182,"text":"70020182 - 1997 - Phengite-hosted LILE enrichment in eclogite and related rocks: Implications for fluid-mediated mass transfer in subduction zones and arc magma genesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T11:00:09.666163","indexId":"70020182","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phengite-hosted LILE enrichment in eclogite and related rocks: Implications for fluid-mediated mass transfer in subduction zones and arc magma genesis","docAbstract":"Geochemical differences between island arc basalts (LAB) and ocean-floor basalts (mid-ocean ridge basalts; MORB) suggest that the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) K, Ba, Rb and Cs are probably mobilized in subduction zone fluids and melts. This study documents LILE enrichment of eclogite, amphibolite, and epidote ?? garnet blueschist tectonic blocks and related rocks from melanges of two subduction complexes. The samples are from six localities of the Franciscan Complex, California, and related terranes of Oregon and Baja California, and from the Samana Metamorphic Complex, Samana Peninsula, Dominican Republic. Most Franciscan blocks are MORB-like in their contents of rare earth elements (REE) and high field strength elements (HFSE); in contrast, most Samana blocks show an LAB signature of these elements. The whole-rock K2O contents of both groups range from 1 to 3 wt %; K, Ba, Rb, and Cs are all strongly intercorrelated. Many blocks display K/Ba similar to melasomatized transition zones and rinds at their outer margins. Some transition zones and rinds are enriched in LILE compared with host blocks; others are relatively depleted in these elements. Some LILE-rich blocks contain 'early' coarse-grained muscovite that is aligned in the foliation defined by coarse-grained omphacite or amphibole grains. Others display 'late' muscovite in veins and as a partial replacement of garnet; many contain both textural types. The muscovite is phengite that contains ???3??25-3??55 Si per 11 oxygens, and ???0??25-0??50 Mgper 11 oxygens. Lower-Si phengite has a significant paragonite component: Na per 11 oxygens ranges to ???0??12. Ba contents of phengite range to over 1 wt % (0??027 per 11 oxygens). Ba in phengite does not covary strongly with either Na or K. Ba contents of phengite increase from some blocks to their transition zones or rinds, or from blocks to their veins. Averaged KlBa ratios for phengite and host samples define an array which describes other subsamples of the block and other analyzed blocks. Phengite carries essentially all of the LILE in otherwise mafic eclogite, amphibolite, and garnet blueschist blocks that are enriched in these elements compared with MORE. It evidently tracks a distinctive type of LILE metasomatism that attends both high-T and retrograde subduction zone metamorphism. An obvious source for the LILE is a fluid in equilibrium with metasedimentary rocks. High-grade semipelitic schists from subduction complexes and subductable sediment display LILE values that resemble those seen in the most LILE-rich blocks. Modeling of Ba and Ti suggests that 1-40 wt % of phengite added to MORB can produce their observed LILE enrichment. Thus, the release of LILE from such rocks to fluids or melts in very high-T and -P parts of subduction zones probably depends critically on the stability and solubility relations of phengite, which is thought to be stable at pressures as high as 95-110 kbar at T= 750-1050??C.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/38.1.3","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Sorensen, S.S., Grossman, J.N., and Perfit, M., 1997, Phengite-hosted LILE enrichment in eclogite and related rocks: Implications for fluid-mediated mass transfer in subduction zones and arc magma genesis: Journal of Petrology, v. 38, no. 1, p. 3-34, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.1.3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.1.3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231203,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7887e4b0c8380cd78708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorensen, Sorena S.","contributorId":7009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Sorena","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perfit, M.R.","contributorId":45467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perfit","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020181,"text":"70020181 - 1997 - Variation in the chemistry of macerals in coals of the Mist Mountain Formation, Elk Valley coalfield, British Columbia, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T00:44:44.464764","indexId":"70020181","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in the chemistry of macerals in coals of the Mist Mountain Formation, Elk Valley coalfield, British Columbia, Canada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Variations in elemental and molecular chemistry of macerals, with vitrinite, semifusinite and sporinite in particular, are discussed for the coal seams of the Mist Mountain Formation in the Elk Valley coalfield, in western Canada. In the south Elk Valley coalfield, carbon content of vitrinite oscillates around 85%, and oxygen content increases gradually up section, from seam A to C. In the north Elk Valley coalfield, carbon content in vitrinite shows marked variations (from 70% to 85%) between the samples and is lower than in the south Elk Valley coalfield, which is consistent with a higher maturation level of south Elk Valley coalfield samples. Sulphur content is below 1% in both coalfields. Semifusinite, in general, has higher carbon and lower oxygen content than vitrinite, whereas cutinite has higher carbon content than vitrinite and slightly higher or comparable to that of semifusinite. Functional group distributions show large variations between the seams and these variations are attributed mainly to differences in a primary depositional environment and only occasionally to later weathering and oxidation processes. The results presented in this paper provide also information on the length and branching of aliphatic chains, which, for liptinite macerals is valuable from the oil generation viewpoint, whereas for semifusinite, it may help to understand reactive versus non-reactive behaviour during coking.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00003-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Mastalerz, M., and Bustin, R., 1997, Variation in the chemistry of macerals in coals of the Mist Mountain Formation, Elk Valley coalfield, British Columbia, Canada: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 33, no. 1, p. 43-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00003-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc166e4b08c986b32a560","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bustin, R.M.","contributorId":101831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bustin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019151,"text":"70019151 - 1997 - Timing of detachment faulting in the Bullfrog Hills and Bare Mountain area, southwest Nevada: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar, U-Pb, and fission track thermochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T13:44:06.665255","indexId":"70019151","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Timing of detachment faulting in the Bullfrog Hills and Bare Mountain area, southwest Nevada: Inferences from <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar, K-Ar, U-Pb, and fission track thermochronology","title":"Timing of detachment faulting in the Bullfrog Hills and Bare Mountain area, southwest Nevada: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar, U-Pb, and fission track thermochronology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Crustal extension in the Bullfrog Hills and Bare Mountain area of southwest Nevada is associated with movement along a regional detachment fault. Normal faulting in the upper plate and rapid cooling (denudation) of the lower plate were coeval with Miocene silicic volcanism and with west-northwest transport along the detachment fault. A west-northwest progression of tilting along upper plate normal faults is indicated by ages of the volcanic rocks in relation to angular unconformities. Near the breakaway, tilting in the upper plate occurred between 12.7 and 11.6 Ma, continued less strongly past 10.7 Ma, and was over by 8.2 Ma. Ten to 20 km west of the breakaway, tilting occurred between 10.7 and 10.33 Ma, continued less strongly after 10.33 Ma, and was over by 8.1 Ma. The cooling histories of the lower plate metamorphic rocks were determined by thermochronologic dating methods: K-Ar and&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar on muscovite, biotite, and hornblende,&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar on K-feldspar, U-Pb on apatite, zircon, and sphene, and fission track on apatite, zircon, and sphene. Lower plate rocks 10 km west of the breakaway cooled slowly from Early Cretaceous lower-amphibolite facies conditions through 350±50° to 300±50°C between 57 and 38 Ma, then cooled rapidly from 205±50° to 120±50°C between 12.6±1.6 and 11.1±1.9 Ma. Lower plate rocks 20 km west of the breakaway cooled slowly from Early Cretaceous upper-amphibolite facies conditions through 500±50°C at 78–67 Ma, passed through 350±50° to 300±50°C between 16.3±0.4 and 10.5±0.3 Ma, then cooled rapidly from 285±50° to 120±50°C between 10.2 and 8.6 Ma. Upper plate tilting and rapid cooling (denudation) of the lower plate occurred simultaneously in the respective areas. The early slow-cooling part of the lower plate thermal histories was probably related to erosion at the Earth's surface, which stripped off about 9 km of material in 50 to 100 m.y. The results indicate an initial fault dip ≥30° and a 12 mm yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;west-northwest migration of the locus of rapid tilting in the upper plate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03220","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hoisch, T., Heizler, M., and Zartman, R., 1997, Timing of detachment faulting in the Bullfrog Hills and Bare Mountain area, southwest Nevada: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar, K-Ar, U-Pb, and fission track thermochronology: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B2, p. 2815-2833, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03220.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2815","endPage":"2833","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480009,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03220","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3eee4b08c986b32608b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoisch, T.D.","contributorId":105863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoisch","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heizler, M.T.","contributorId":94799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heizler","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019262,"text":"70019262 - 1997 - Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019262","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle","docAbstract":"Ultramafic and mafic xenoliths from the Cima volcanic field, southern California, provide evidence of episodic modification of the upper mantle and underplating of the crust beneath a portion of the southern Basin and Range province. The upper mantle xenoliths include spinel peridotite and anhydrous and hydrous pyroxenite, some cut by igneous-textured pyroxenite-gabbro veins and dikes and some by veins of amphibole ?? plagioclase. Igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros like the dike rocks also occur abundantly as isolated xenoliths inferred to represent underplated crust. Mineral and whole rock trace element compositions among and within the different groups of xenoliths are highly variable, reflecting multiple processes that include magma-mantle wall rock reactions, episodic intrusion and it filtration of basaltic melts of varied sources into the mantle wall rock, and fractionation. Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions mostly of clinopyroxene and plagioclase mineral separates show distinct differences between mantle xenoliths (??Nd = -5.7 to +3.4; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7051 - 0.7073; 206Pb/204Pb = 19.045 - 19.195) and the igneous-textured xenoliths (??Nd = +7.7 to +11.7; 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7027 - 0.7036 with one carbonate-affected outlier at 0.7054; and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.751 - 19.068), so that they cannot be related. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are similar in their isotopic compositions to the host basaltic rocks, which have ??Nd of+5.1 to +9.3; 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7028 - 0.7050, and 206Pb/204Pb of 18.685 - 21.050. The igneous-textured pyroxenites and gabbros are therefore inferred to be related to the host rocks as earlier cogenetic intrusions in the mantle and in the lower crust. Two samples of peridotite, one modally metasomatized by amphibole and the other by plagioclase, have isotopic compositions intermediate between the igneous-textured xenoliths and the mantle rock, suggesting mixing, but also derivation of the metasomatizing magmas from two separate and distinct sources. Sm-Nd two-mineral \"isochrons\" yield apparent ages for petrographically identical rocks believed to be coeval ranging from -0 to 113 ?? 26 Ma, indicating the unreliability of dating these rocks with this method. Amphibole and plagioclase megacrysts are isotopically like the host basalts and probably originate by mechanical breakup of veins comagmatic with the host basaltic rocks. Unlike other Basin and Range localities, Cima Cr-diopside group isotopic compositions do not overlap with those of the host basalts. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mukasa, S., and Wilshire, H.G., 1997, Isotopic and trace element compositions of upper mantle and lower crustal xenoliths, Cima volcanic field, California: Implications for evolution of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20133-20148.","startPage":"20133","endPage":"20148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f98e4b0c8380cd64640","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mukasa, S.B.","contributorId":89568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mukasa","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019271,"text":"70019271 - 1997 - Deep-coal potential in the Appalachian Coal Basin, USA: The Kentucky model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019271","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3108,"text":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep-coal potential in the Appalachian Coal Basin, USA: The Kentucky model","docAbstract":"The Eastern Kentucky Coal Field is located in the Appalachian Basin of the United States and occupies an area of approximately 15,000 square kilometers. The coal beds range from a few centimeters to several meters in thickness and consist of high-grade bituminous coal. Currently the amount of coal mined by surface methods exceeds underground extraction; however, there is a steady and gradual shift toward underground mining. In the future, as near-surface resources are depleted, this trend toward increased underground mining will continue. Knowledge about deeper coals is essential for future economic development of resources. Preliminary investigations indicate that coal-bearing strata with deep-mining potential exist in several parts of eastern Kentucky, especially along the Eastern Kentucky Syncline. Eastern Kentucky coals are Westphalian A through D; however, current production is from major beds of Westphalian A and B. Because coals that occur above drainage are more easily accessible and are generally of better quality, most of the current mining takes place in formations that are at or near the surface. In the future, however, due to environmental regulations and increased demands, it will be necessary to attempt to utilize deeper coals about which little is known. Future development of deep resources will require data from boreholes and high-resolution geophysical-logging techniques. There is also potential for coal-bed methane from the deeper coals which could be an important resource in the Appalachian Coal Basin where a natural gas distribution system already exists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08669465","usgsCitation":"Haney, D.C., and Chesnut, D., 1997, Deep-coal potential in the Appalachian Coal Basin, USA: The Kentucky model: Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, no. 157 PART 2, p. 336-337.","startPage":"336","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"157 PART 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ce4b0c8380cd4eb80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chesnut, D.R. Jr.","contributorId":100548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnut","given":"D.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019503,"text":"70019503 - 1997 - The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:37:55","indexId":"70019503","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infiltration and dispersion (including molecular diffusion) can transport volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban air into shallow groundwater. The gasoline additive methyl-</span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether (MTBE) is of special interest because of its (1) current levels in some urban air, (2) strong partitioning from air into water, (3) resistance to degradation, (4) use as an octane-booster since the 1970s, (5) rapidly increasing use in the 1990s to reduce CO and O</span><sub>3</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in urban air, and (6) its frequent detection at low microgram per liter levels in shallow urban groundwater in Denver, New England, and elsewhere. Numerical simulations were conducted using a 1-D model domain set in medium sand (depth to water table = 5 m) to provide a test of whether MTBE and other atmospheric VOCs could move to shallow groundwater within the 10−15 y time frame over which MTBE has now been used in large amounts. Degradation and sorption were assumed negligible. In case 1 (no infiltration, steady atmospheric source), 10 y was not long enough to permit significant VOC movement by diffusion into shallow groundwater. Case 2 considered a steady atmospheric source plus 36 cm/y of net infiltration; groundwater at 2 m below the water table became nearly saturated with atmospheric levels of VOC within 5 y. Case 3 was similar to case 2, but considered the source to be seasonal, being “on” for only 5 of 12 months each year, as with the use of MTBE during the winter fuel-oxygenate season; groundwater at 2 m below the water table became equilibrated with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>5</sup><span>/</span><sub>12</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of the “source-on” concentration within 5 y. Cases 4 and 5 added an evapotranspiration (ET) loss of 36 cm/y, resulting in no net recharge. Case 4 took the ET from the surface, and case 5 took the ET from the capillary fringe at a depth of 3.5 m. Net VOC mass transfer to shallow groundwater after 5 y was less for both cases 4 and 5 than for case 3. However, it was significantly greater for cases 4 and 5 than for case 1, even though cases 1, 4, and 5 were all no-net recharge cases. The mechanism responsible for this effect was the dispersion acting on each downward infiltration event, and also on the ET-induced flow. The ability of MTBE to reach groundwater in cases 2−5 is taken as evidence of the potential importance of urban air as a non-point source for VOCs in shallow urban groundwater. Two subcases were run for both case 4 and case 5:  subcase a (water and VOCs move with ET) and subcase b (water only moves with ET).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publication","doi":"10.1021/es970040b","usgsCitation":"Pankow, J.F., Thomson, N., Johnson, R.L., Baehr, A.L., and Zogorski, J., 1997, The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2821-2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970040b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2821","endPage":"2828","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb155e4b08c986b3252d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, N.R.","contributorId":51027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019933,"text":"70019933 - 1997 - Recent eruptions of Mount Adams, Washington Cascades, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T11:35:23","indexId":"70019933","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recent eruptions of Mount Adams, Washington Cascades, USA","docAbstract":"The postglacial eruption rate for the Mount Adams volcanic field is ∼0.1 km<sup>3</sup>/k.y., four to seven times smaller than the average rate for the past 520 k.y. Ten vents have been active since the last main deglaciation ∼15 ka. Seven high flank vents (at 2100-2600 m) and the central summit vent of the 3742-m stratocone produced varied andesites, and two peripheral vents (at 2100 and 1200 m) produced mildly alkalic basalt. Eruptive ages of most of these units are bracketed with respect to regional tephra layers from Mount Mazama and Mount St. Helens. The basaltic lavas and scoria cones north and south of Mount Adams and a 13-km-long andesitic lava flow on its east flank are of early postglacial age. The three most extensive andesitic lava-flow complexes were emplaced in the mid-Holocene (7-4 ka). Ages of three smaller Holocene andesite units are less well constrained. A phreatomagmatic ejecta cone and associated andesite lavas that together cap the summit may be of latest Pleistocene age. but a thin layer of mid-Holocene tephra appears to have erupted there as well. An alpine-meadow section on the southeast flank contains 24 locally derived Holocene andesitic ash layers intercalated with several silicic tephras from Mazama and St. Helens. Microprobe analyses of phenocrysts from the ash layers and postglacial lavas suggest a few correlations and refine some age constraints. Approximately 6 ka, a 0.07-km<sup>3</sup> debris avalanche from the southwest face of Mount Adams gen-erated a clay-rich debris flow that devastated >30 km<sup>2</sup> south of the volcano. A gravitationally metastable 2-to 3-km<sup>3</sup> reservoir of hydrothermally altered fragmental andesite remains on the ice-capped summit and, towering 3 km above the surrounding lowlands, represents a greater hazard than an eruptive recurrence in the style of the last 15 k.y.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s004450050156","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Fierstein, J., 1997, Recent eruptions of Mount Adams, Washington Cascades, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 58, no. 6, p. 472-490, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050156.","startPage":"472","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278524,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050156"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9612e4b0c8380cd81dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014842,"text":"1014842 - 1997 - Mercury concentrations in Maine sport fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T15:41:35.497192","indexId":"1014842","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury concentrations in Maine sport fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>To assess mercury contamination of fish in Maine, fish were collected from 120 randomly selected lakes. The collection goal for each lake was five fish of the single most common sport fish species within the size range commonly harvested by anglers. Skinless, boneless fillets of fish from each lake were composited, homogenized, and analyzed for total mercury. The two most abundant species, brook trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;and smallmouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>, were also analyzed individually. The composite fish analyses indicate high concentrations of mercury, particularly in large and long‐lived nonsalmonid species. Chain pickerel&nbsp;</span><i>Esox niger</i><span>, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus salmoides</i><span>, and white perch&nbsp;</span><i>Morone americana</i><span>&nbsp;had the highest average mercury concentrations, and brook trout and yellow perch&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>&nbsp;had the lowest. The mean species composite mercury concentration was positively correlated with a factor incorporating the average size and age of the fish. Lakes containing fish with high mercury concentrations were not clustered near known industrial or population centers but were commonest in the area within 150 km of the seacoast, reflecting the geographical distribution of species that contained higher mercury concentrations. Stocked and wild brook trout were not different in length or weight, but wild fish were older and had higher mercury concentrations. Fish populations maintained by frequent introductions of hatchery‐produced fish and subject to high angler exploitation rates may consist of younger fish with lower exposure to environmental mercury and thus contain lower concentrations than wild populations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0144:MCIMSF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Stafford, C., and Haines, T., 1997, Mercury concentrations in Maine sport fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 1, p. 144-152, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0144:MCIMSF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70020167,"text":"70020167 - 1997 - Near bottom velocity and suspended solids measurements in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020167","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Near bottom velocity and suspended solids measurements in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Ability to accurately measure long-term time-series of turbulent mean velocity distribution within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) in addition to suspended solids concentration (SSC) is critical to understanding complex processes controlling transport, resuspension, and deposition of suspended sediments in bays and estuaries. A suite of instruments, including broad band acoustic Doppler current profilers (BB-ADCPs), capable of making very high resolution measurement of velocity profiles in the BBL, was deployed in the shipping channel of South San Francisco Bay (South Bay), California in an investigation of sediment dynamics during March and April 1995. Results of field measurements provide information to calculate suspended solids flux (SSF) at the site. Calculations show striking patterns; residual SSF varies through the spring-neap tidal cycle. Significant differences from one spring tide to another are caused by differences in tidal current diurnal inequalities. Winds from significant storms establish residual circulation patterns that may affect magnitude of residual SSF more than increased tidal energy at spring tides.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part D","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.W., Cheng, R.T., Cacchione, D.A., and Tate, G.B., 1997, Near bottom velocity and suspended solids measurements in San Francisco Bay, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. B pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 1090-1095.","startPage":"1090","endPage":"1095","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"B pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a63cae4b0c8380cd726cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":77524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cacchione, David A.","contributorId":37327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, George B.","contributorId":80838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70073490,"text":"70073490 - 1997 - Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-04T07:21:10","indexId":"70073490","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms","docAbstract":"<p>Laboratory microcosms were used to determine the concentrations of oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) that optimize trichloroethylene (TCE) biodegradation in sediment and ground-water samples from a TCE-contaminated aquifer at Picatinny Arsenal, Morris County, New Jersey. The mechanism for degradation is the cometabolic activity of methanotrophic bacteria. The laboratory data will be used to support a field study designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of combining air sparging with cometabolic degradation of TCE for the purpose of aquifer remediation. Microcosms were constructed in autoclaved 250-mL (milliliter) amber glass bottles with valves for repeated headspace sampling. Equal volumes (25 mL) of sediment and ground water, collected from a depth of 40 feet, were added. TCE was added to attain initial aqueous concentrations equal to the field level of 1,400 mu g/L (micrograms per liter). Nine microcosms were constructed with initial headspace O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 5%, 10%, or 14% and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations of 0.5%, 3%, or 5%, with nitrogen making up the balance. Sterile controls, controls without CH<sub>4</sub>, and controls without sediment were also constructed. A 4-mL gas sample was removed periodically and TCE, O<sub>2</sub> , CH<sub>4</sub> , and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations were measured by using gas chromatography. As biodegradation proceeded, the decrease in O<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> , and TCE concentrations and the production of CO<sub>2</sub> were monitored. An initial acclimation period of at least 100 days was observed in those microcosms in which significant microbial activity occurred, as determined from decreases in O<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations and an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> content. Degradation of TCE occurred with O<sub>2</sub> concentrations of 2.7 to 8.7% and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations of 0.5 to 3.5%. Microcosms that initially contained 10% O<sub>2</sub> and 3% CH<sub>4</sub> showed the greatest microbial activity and the greatest amount of TCE degradation. The greatest rates of TCE degradation occurred when O<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> headspace concentrations reached levels of 7.7 to 8.7% and 1.7 to 2.7%, respectively, which correspond to aqueous concentrations of 2.9 to 3.5 mg/L and 0.4 to 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Over these ranges, TCE degradation rates ranged from 15 to 20 mu g of TCE per kilogram of sediment per day. Analysis of the control microcosms indicated that these TCE degradation rates are much greater than those attributable to experimental variation. The results indicate that the microbial community of the sediment is capable of TCE degradation and that significant rates of degradation can be achieved with obtainable O<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"In situ and on-site bioremediation: Papers from the Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, April 28-May 1, 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium","conferenceDate":"April 28-May 1, 1997","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","usgsCitation":"Kane, A., Wilson, T.P., and Fischer, J., 1997, Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene in microcosms, <i>in</i> In situ and on-site bioremediation: Papers from the Fourth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium, New Orleans, April 28-May 1, 1997, v. 3, New Orleans, LA, April 28-May 1, 1997, p. 115-123.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              38.676933444637925\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.487548828125,\n              38.676933444637925\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.487548828125,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              41.52502957323801\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.245361328125,\n              38.676933444637925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd51dce4b0b290850f42ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Allen C.","contributorId":28164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Allen C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019952,"text":"70019952 - 1997 - Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:20:36.327913","indexId":"70019952","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p>In March 1994, we used the newly refurbished Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain global imaging of Io at five wavelengths between 0.34 and 1.02 μm, with a spatial resolution of 160 km. The images provided the clearest view of Io since Voyager and the first systematic observations in the wavelength range 0.7–1.0 μm. We have produced absolutely calibrated global mosaics of Io's reflectance in all our five wavelengths. The near-infrared images reveal that the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge seen in Io's disk-integrated spectrum has a very different spatial distribution from the better-known 0.40- to 0.50-μm absorption edge studied by Voyager, and must be generated by a different chemical species. The 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge is strongly concentrated in the pyroclastic ejecta blanket of the volcano Pele, at a few much smaller discrete spots, and probably also in the polar regions. The Pele ejecta spectrum is consistent with the idea that S<sub>2</sub>O, partially decomposed to S<sub>4</sub>(and probably S<sub>3</sub>), may be the species responsible for the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge at Pele and elsewhere on Io, though S<sub>4</sub>generated by other processes may also be a possibility. S<sub>2</sub>O can be produced by high-temperature decomposition of SO<sub>2</sub>gas, and the high temperature of the Pele volcano may account for its concentration there. Spectral anomalies of comparable size and prominence are not seen around the other “Pele-type” volcanos Surt and Aten (A. S. McEwen and L. A. Soderblom, 1983,<i>Icarus</i>55, 191–217), suggesting that these volcanos, if chemically similar to Pele, are much less active. The spectrum of high-latitude regions is similar to that of quenched red sulfur glass, and if this similarity is not coincidental, the glass may be preserved here by the low polar surface temperatures. Alternatively, the low polar temperatures may preserve sulfur that has been reddened by radiation. There are many changes in albedo patterns in the 15 years between Voyager and these HST observations, but these are generally subtle at HST resolution and are not strongly concentrated in longitude; however there was a major brightening of a 400-km-diameter region centered on Ra Patera between March 1994 and repeat HST observations in July 1995, which was a larger albedo change than any seen in the previous 15 years. This was presumably due to a large eruption at Ra Patera, as confirmed by Galileo images. Long-exposure eclipse images of Io at 1.02 μm on March 6, 1994, place strong limits on the area of exposed silicate magma on Io at the time of the observations.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1996.5670","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., McEwen, A.S., McGrath, M., Sartoretti, P., Nash, D., Noll, K.S., and Gilmore, D., 1997, Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging: Icarus, v. 127, no. 1, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.5670.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc300e4b08c986b32aed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.R.","contributorId":106270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, M.A.","contributorId":26829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sartoretti, P.","contributorId":93226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoretti","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nash, D.B.","contributorId":50562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noll, K. S.","contributorId":33075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilmore, D.","contributorId":77311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1014816,"text":"1014816 - 1997 - Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:39:50.681689","indexId":"1014816","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>The relationship between allozyme genotype and survival of nymphs of the mayfly Isonychia bicolor (Walker) when exposed to acute mercury concentrations was tested in laboratory experiments. The probability of survival and individual times-to-death were found to be significantly different among genotypes at the glucose phosphate isomerase locus, but not at the phosphoglucomutase locus. This pattern was consistent for both summer and winter temperatures and for populations from 2 separate, unpolluted streams. Subsequent field surveys were conducted to determine if results of these acute laboratory tests could be extrapolated to the more chronic, sublethal conditions present in the South River, Virginia. Genotypes identified as sensitive and tolerant in the laboratory experiments showed no consistent relationship with environmental mercury levels in the South River. In fact, one heterozygote identified as tolerant was found to be more frequent at the reference site than at contaminated sites, and no significant between-site differences were observed in the frequencies of the most sensitive genotype. Consequently, despite fitness differences to mercury exposure among allozyme variants, we were unable to attribute any between-site differences in genetic structure in I. bicolor populations to adaptation to mercury pollution.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468151","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., and Hendricks, A., 1997, Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 3, p. 651-663, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468151.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, A.C.","contributorId":24721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}