Apatite fission track data are used to evaluate the thermal and tectonic history of the central Brooks Range and the North Slope foreland basin in northern Alaska along the northern leg of the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT). Fission track analyses of the detrital apatite grains in most sedimentary units resolve the timing of structures and denudation within the Brooks Range, ranging in scale from the entire mountain range to relatively small-scale folds and faults. Interpretation of the results indicates that rocks exposed within the central Brooks Range cooled rapidly from paleotemperatures 110° to 50°C during discrete episodes at ∼ 100±5 Ma, ∼60±4 Ma, and ∼24±3 Ma, probably in response to kilometer-scale denudation. North of the mountain front, rocks in the southern half of the foreland basin were exposed to maximum paleotemperatures 110°C in the Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene as a result of burial by Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. Rapid cooling from these elevated paleotemperatures also occurred due to distinct episodes of kilometer-scale denudation at ∼60±4 Ma, 46±3 Ma, 35±2 Ma, and ∼24±3 Ma. Combined, the apatite analyses indicate that rocks exposed along the TACT line through the central Brooks Range and foreland basin experienced episodic rapid cooling throughout the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic in response to at least three distinct kilometer-scale denudation events. Future models explaining orogenic events in northern Alaska must consider these new constraints from fission track thermochronology.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03411","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"O’Sullivan, P.B., Murphy, J., and Blythe, A., 1997, Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermotectonic evolution of the central Brooks Range and adjacent North Slope foreland basin, Alaska: Including fission track results from the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT): Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20821-20845, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03411.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"20821","endPage":"20845","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480086,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03411","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44f1e4b0c8380cd66ee6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Sullivan, P. B.","contributorId":39950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blythe, A.E.","contributorId":66002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blythe","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019327,"text":"70019327 - 1997 - The role of diffusion-controlled oscillatory nucleation in the formation of line rock in pegmatite-aplite dikes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-04T11:04:50.485748","indexId":"70019327","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2420,"text":"Journal of Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of diffusion-controlled oscillatory nucleation in the formation of line rock in pegmatite-aplite dikes","docAbstract":"The George Ashley Block (GAB), located in the Pala Pegmatite District, San Diego County, California, is a composite pegmatite–aplite dike of 8 m thickness displaying striking mineralogical layering in the aplite portion of the dike, referred to as line rock. Rhythmic layering is characterized by garnet-rich bands alternating with albite–quartz–muscovite-rich bands. Cumulus textures are notably absent from the layered portion of the dike. Elongated quartz megacrysts are oriented perpendicular to the garnet-rich layers and poikilitically include garnet, albite, and muscovite. Calculated crystal-free magma viscosity with 3% H2O is 106.2 Pa s and the calculated settling velocity for garnet is 0.51 cm/year. Conductive cooling calculations based on emplacement of a 650°C dike into 150°C fractured gabbroic country rock at 1.5 kbar, and accounting for latent heat of crystallization, demonstrate that the line rock portion of the dike cools to 550°C in about 1 year. Crystal size distribution studies also suggest very rapid nucleation and crystallization. Diffusion-controlled gel crystallization experiments yield textures virtually identical to those observed in the layered aplite, including rhythmic banding, colloform layering, and band discontinuities. Thus, observed textures and calculated magmatic parameters suggest that mineralogical layering in the GAB results from an in situ diffusion-controlled process of oscillatory nucleation and crystallization. We propose that any event that promotes strong undercooling has the potential to initiate rapid heterogeneous nucleation and oscillatory crystal growth, leading to the development of a layer of excluded components in front of the crystallization front, and the formation of line rock.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/petroj/38.12.1777","issn":"00223530","usgsCitation":"Webber, K., Falster, A., Simmons, W., and Foord, E., 1997, The role of diffusion-controlled oscillatory nucleation in the formation of line rock in pegmatite-aplite dikes: Journal of Petrology, v. 38, no. 12, p. 1777-1791, https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.12.1777.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1777","endPage":"1791","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479965,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.12.1777","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf65e4b08c986b32476c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webber, K.L.","contributorId":71445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webber","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falster, A.U.","contributorId":31931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falster","given":"A.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, W.B.","contributorId":90492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019326,"text":"70019326 - 1997 - Late Paleozoic crustal history of central coastal Queensland interpreted from geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons: The effects of continental rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:49:25","indexId":"70019326","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Paleozoic crustal history of central coastal Queensland interpreted from geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons: The effects of continental rifting","docAbstract":"The eastern margin of Australia is understood to be the result of continental rifting during the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Consistent with this model, Cretaceous igneous rocks (granites to basalts) in a continental marginal setting near Bowen, Queensland are isotonically retarded, having isotopic ratios similar to those of most island arcs (Sri = 0.7030-0.7039, ??Nd = +6.46 to +3.00 and 206Pb/204Pb = 18.44-18.77, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.552-15.623, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.90-38.52). These isotopic signatures are much less evolved than the Late Carboniferous-Permian batholith that many Cretaceous plutons intrude. As rocks ranging in age from about 300-100 Ma are well exposed near Bowen, we can track magma evolution through time. The significant change of magma source occurred much earlier than the Cretaceous based on the fact that Triassic granites in the same area are also isotonically primitive. We attribute the changes of magma composition to crustal rifting during the Late Permian and earliest Triassic. The Cretaceous rocks (actually latest Jurassic to Cretaceous, 145-98 Ma) themselves show compositional trends with time. Rocks of appropriate mineralogy for Al-in-hornblende geobarometry yield pressures ranging from 250 to 80 MPa for rocks ranging in age from 145 to 125 Ma, respectively. More significantly, this older group is relatively compositionally restricted, and is Sr-rich, and Y- and Zr-poor compared to 120-98 Ma rocks. This younger groups is bimodal, being comprised principally of basalts and rhyolites (granites). REE patterns for a given rock type, however, do not differ with age tribute these relatively subtle trace element differences to small differences in conditions (T, aH2O) at the site of melting. Cretaceous crustal rifting can explain the range of rock types and the spatial distribution of rocks < 120 Ma in a longitudinal strip between and overlapping with provinces of older Cretaceous intrusions. A subduction-related setting is assigned to the 145-125 Ma igneous rocks (those more than 50 Ma older than sea floor spreading). ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0024-4937(97)00037-6","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.M., Wooden, J.L., and Chappell, B.W., 1997, Late Paleozoic crustal history of central coastal Queensland interpreted from geochemistry of Mesozoic plutons: The effects of continental rifting: LITHOS, v. 42, no. 1-2, p. 67-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(97)00037-6.","startPage":"67","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226466,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267972,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(97)00037-6"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4500e4b0c8380cd66f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, C. M.","contributorId":81181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chappell, B. W.","contributorId":72444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019321,"text":"70019321 - 1997 - Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction and liquid chromatographic separation with electrochemical detection of methylmercury from biological samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T14:37:37.284493","indexId":"70019321","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction and liquid chromatographic separation with electrochemical detection of methylmercury from biological samples","docAbstract":"Using the coupled methods presented in this paper, methylmercury can be accurately and rapidly extracted from biological samples by modified supercritical fluid carbon dioxide and quantitated using liquid chromatography with reductive electrochemical detection. Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide modified with methanol effectively extracts underivatized methylmercury from certified reference materials Dorm-1 (dogfish muscle) and Dolt-2 (dogfish liver). Calcium chloride and water, with a ratio of 5:2 (by weight), provide the acid environment required for extracting methylmercury from sample matrices. Methylmercury chloride is separated from other organomercury chloride compounds using HPLC. The acidic eluent, containing 0.06 mol L-1 NaCl, insures the presence of methylmercury chloride and facilitates the reduction of mercury on a glassy carbon electrode. If dual glassy carbon electrodes are used, a positive peak is observed at -0.65 to -0.70 V and a negative peak is observed at -0.90V with the organomercury compounds that were tested. The practical detection limit for methylmercury is 5 X 10-8 mol L-1 (1 X 10-12 tool injected) when a 20 ??L injection loop is used.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03067319708030498","issn":"03067319","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., 1997, Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction and liquid chromatographic separation with electrochemical detection of methylmercury from biological samples: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 68, no. 3, p. 313-330, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319708030498.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"313","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9f55e4b08c986b31e4de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019403,"text":"70019403 - 1997 - The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T13:22:33.875567","indexId":"70019403","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3487,"text":"Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes","docAbstract":"In terms of seismically radiated energy or moment release, the earthquake of 20 January 1990 in the Manjil Basin-Alborz Mountain region of Iran is the second largest strike-slip earthquake to have occurred in an intracontinental setting in the past decade. It caused enormous loss of life and the virtual destruction of several cities. Despite a very large meizoseismal area, the identification of the causative faults has been hampered by the lack of reliable earthquake locations and conflicting field reports of surface displacement. Using broadband data from global networks of digitally recording seismographs, we analyse broadband seismic waveforms to derive characteristics of the rupture process. Complexities in waveforms generated by the earthquake indicate that the main shock consisted of a tiny precursory subevent followed in the next 20 seconds by a series of four major subevents with depths ranging from 10 to 15 km. The focal mechanisms of the major subevents, which are predominantly strike-slip, have a common nodal plane striking about 285°–295°. Based on the coincidence of this strike with the dominant tectonic fabric of the region we presume that the EW striking planes are the fault planes. The first major subevent nucleated slightly south of the initial precursor. The second subevent occurred northwest of the initial precursor. The last two subevents moved progressively southeastward of the first subevent in a direction collinear with the predominant strike of the fault planes. The offsets in the relative locations and the temporal delays of the rupture subevents indicate heterogeneous distribution of fracture strength and the involvement of multiple faults. The spatial distribution of teleseismic aftershocks, which at first appears uncorrelated with meizoseismal contours, can be decomposed into stages. The initial activity, being within and on the periphery of the rupture zone, correlates in shape and length with meizoseismal lines. In the second stage of activity the aftershock zone expands and appears to cluster about the geomorphic and geologic features several tens of kilometres from the rupture zone. The activity is interpreted as a regional response to quasistatic stress migration along zones of tectonic weakness. The radiated energy of the main shock and the estimate of seismic moment yields an apparent stress of 20 bars. High apparent stress may be typical of strike slip earthquakes occurring in intracontinental environments undergoing continental collision.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1023336723587","issn":"00393169","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Zednik, J., 1997, The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes: Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, v. 41, no. 1, p. 45-63, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023336723587.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafade4b08c986b324981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zednik, J.","contributorId":77671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zednik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019381,"text":"70019381 - 1997 - Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019381","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure","docAbstract":"Test specimens of methane hydrate were grown under static conditions by combining cold, pressurized CH4 gas with H2O ice grains, then warming the system to promote the reaction CH4 (g) + 6H2O (s???l) ??? CH4??6H2O. Hydrate formation evidently occurs at the nascent ice/liquid water interface, and complete reaction was achieved by warming the system above 271.5 K and up to 289 K, at 25-30 MPa, for approximately 8 hours. The resulting material is pure methane hydrate with controlled grain size and random texture. Fabrication conditions placed the H2O ice well above its melting temperature before reaction completed, yet samples and run records showed no evidence for bulk melting of the ice grains. Control experiments using Ne, a non-hydrate-forming gas, verified that under otherwise identical conditions, the pressure reduction and latent heat associated with ice melting is easily detectable in our fabrication apparatus. These results suggest that under hydrate-forming conditions, H2O ice can persist metastably at temperatures well above its melting point. Methane hydrate samples were then tested in constant-strain-rate deformation experiments at T= 140-200 K, Pc= 50-100 MPa, and ????= 10-4-10-6 s-1. Measurements in both the brittle and ductile fields showed that methane hydrate has measurably different strength than H2O ice, and work hardens to a higher degree compared to other ices as well as to most metals and ceramics at high homologous temperatures. This work hardening may be related to a changing stoichiometry under pressure during plastic deformation; x-ray analyses showed that methane hydrate undergoes a process of solid-state disproportionation or exsolution during deformation at conditions well within its conventional stability field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., and Durham, W., 1997, Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 42, no. 2, p. 544-547.","startPage":"544","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba358e4b08c986b31fc82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019322,"text":"70019322 - 1997 - Controls on accretion of flysch and melange belts at convergent margins: Evidence from the Chugach Bay thrust and Iceworm melange, Chugach accretionary wedge, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T16:26:36.251049","indexId":"70019322","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on accretion of flysch and melange belts at convergent margins: Evidence from the Chugach Bay thrust and Iceworm melange, Chugach accretionary wedge, Alaska","docAbstract":"Controls on accretion of flysch and mélange terranes at convergent margins are poorly understood. Southern Alaska's Chugach terrane forms the outboard accretionary margin of the Wrangellia composite terrane, and consists of two major lithotectonic units, including Triassic-Cretaceous mélange of the McHugh Complex and Late Cretaceous flysch of the Valdez Group. The contact between the McHugh Complex and the Valdez Group on the Kenai Peninsula is a tectonic boundary between chaotically deformed melange of argillite, chert, greenstone, and graywacke of the McHugh Complex and a less chaotically deformed mélange of argillite and graywacke of the Valdez Group. We assign the latter to a new, informal unit of formational rank, the Iceworm mélange, and interpret it as a contractional fault zone (Chugach Bay thrust) along which the Valdez Group was emplaced beneath the McHugh Complex. The McHugh Complex had already been deformed and metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite facies prior to formation of the Iceworm mélange. The Chugach Bay thrust formed between 75 and 55 Ma, as shown by Campanian-Maastrichtian depositional ages of the Valdez Group, and fault-related fabrics in the Iceworm mélange that are cut by Paleocene dikes. Motion along the Chugach Bay thrust thus followed Middle to Late Cretaceous collision (circa 90–100 Ma) of the Wrangellia composite terrane with North America. Collision related uplift and erosion of mountains in British Columbia formed a submarine fan on the Farallon plate, and we suggest that attempted subduction of this fan dramatically changed the subduction/accretion style within the Chugach accretionary wedge. We propose a model in which subduction of thinly sedimented plates concentrates shear strains in a narrow zone, generating mélanges like the McHugh in accretionary complexes. Subduction of thickly sedimented plates allows wider distribution of shear strains to accommodate plate convergence, generating a more coherent accretionary style including the fold-thrust structures that dominate the outcrop pattern in the Valdez belt. Rapid underplating and frontal accretion of the Valdez Group caused a critical taper adjustment of the accretionary wedge, including exhumation of the metamorphosed McHugh Complex, and its emplacement over the Valdez Group. The Iceworm mélange formed in a zone of focused fluid flow at the boundary between the McHugh Complex and Valdez Group during this critical taper adjustment of the wedge to these changing boundary conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97TC02780","usgsCitation":"Kusky, T.M., Bradley, D., Haeussler, P.J., and Karl, S.M., 1997, Controls on accretion of flysch and melange belts at convergent margins: Evidence from the Chugach Bay thrust and Iceworm melange, Chugach accretionary wedge, Alaska: Tectonics, v. 16, no. 6, p. 855-878, https://doi.org/10.1029/97TC02780.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"855","endPage":"878","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479970,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97tc02780","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226376,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chugach accretionary wedge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.72643257253654,\n 61.992493985473715\n ],\n [\n -156.22549058381938,\n 61.992493985473715\n ],\n [\n -156.22549058381938,\n 57.463008791085855\n ],\n [\n -148.72643257253654,\n 57.463008791085855\n ],\n [\n -148.72643257253654,\n 61.992493985473715\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcde4b0c8380cd4df85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015713,"text":"1015713 - 1997 - Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T15:40:02.06162","indexId":"1015713","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos","title":"Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos","docAbstract":"Previous results of fecal analysis from the Yellowstone area and the known abilities of grizzly bears Ursus arctos to acquire and digest tissue from vertebrates suggested that grizzlies in this ecosystem obtained substantial energy from ungulates. This issue was addressed using observations from radio-marked grizzly bears, 1977–1992. Ungulates potentially contributed the majority of energy required for activity during the non-denning season for both adult female and male grizzlies. Most of this energy (95%) was estimated to come from the largest-bodied ungulate species (elk Cervus elaphus, bison Bison bison, and moose Alces alces), with greatest proportional contributions by scavenged adult male bison (16%), scavenged calf and yearling elk (10%) and adult female elk that were killed (8%) or scavenged (8%). Grizzlies acquired 30% of total edibles from ungulates by predation, of which 13% (or 4% of the total) came from predation on elk calves. Most scavenging occurred during the spring and was associated with the abundance and relative availability of different types of carrion. Predation and scavenging did not appear to be compensatory. Rather, total consumption of ungulates varied inversely with consumption of whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis seeds. The relative frequency of predation to scavenging increased with ungulate density. Contrary to previous suppositions, neither total ungulate use nor frequency of predation increased during the study, despite large increases in some ungulate populations. As expected by the identified trade-offs, Yellowstone grizzlies seemed to prey selectively upon moose, probably because of their solitary habits and forested surroundings, but otherwise favored vulnerable smaller-bodied ungulates such as elk calves. No predation on adult bison was observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00142-5","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., 1997, Use of ungulates by Yellowstone grizzly bears Ursus arctos: Biological Conservation, v. 81, no. 1-2, p. 161-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00142-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"177","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134016,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.85845349964126,\n 45.8091612290884\n ],\n [\n -112.85845349964126,\n 42.39063507357207\n ],\n [\n -108.52369355481311,\n 42.39063507357207\n ],\n [\n -108.52369355481311,\n 45.8091612290884\n ],\n [\n -112.85845349964126,\n 45.8091612290884\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6042b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175090,"text":"70175090 - 1997 - Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T18:15:05.637456","indexId":"70175090","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency Ecological Program for the Sacramento–San Joaquin Estuary","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Linville, R., 1997, Selenium trends in north San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 10, p. 25-26.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"North San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -122.06909179687501,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 38.23386541556985\n ],\n [\n -122.76123046875,\n 37.814123701604466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb4e4b0589fa1c980d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linville, R.","contributorId":173243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linville","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174749,"text":"70174749 - 1997 - Management of an endangered species: the black-footed ferret","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T09:34:07","indexId":"70174749","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Management of an endangered species: the black-footed ferret","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Principles of Conservation Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Sinauer Associates, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Miller, B.J., Clark, T.W., and Reading, R., 1997, Management of an endangered species: the black-footed ferret, chap. of Principles of Conservation Biology, p. 420-424.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"420","endPage":"424","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sinauer.com/"}],"edition":"Second Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0930e4b0c1aacab7d40f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, D. E.","contributorId":8781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, B. J.","contributorId":7641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, T. W.","contributorId":100779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reading, R.P.","contributorId":76675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reading","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175069,"text":"70175069 - 1997 - Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T16:24:04","indexId":"70175069","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Meeting of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Meeting of the American Fisheries Society","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., 1997, Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California, in Proceedings of the Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Monterey, CA.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db54e4b0589fa1c7e8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019550,"text":"70019550 - 1997 - Organic and inorganic nitrogen pools in talus fields and subtalus water, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado front range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-27T10:59:46.446932","indexId":"70019550","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic and inorganic nitrogen pools in talus fields and subtalus water, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado front range","docAbstract":"Organic and inorganic pools of nitrogen (N) were measured in talus fines or ‘soils’ and subtalus water during the summer of 1995 in the alpine Green Lakes Valley catchment of the Colorado Front Range. Nineteen talus soil samples were divided into four classes: subtalus dry, subtalus wet, surface vegetated and surface bare. The size of the individual talus soil patches ranged from 0·5 to 12·0 m2 in area, with bulk density ranging from 0·98 to 1·71 kg m−3 and soil texture ranging from sandy gravel in the subsurface talus to a loam in the vegetated surface. All samples contained KCl-extractable NH+4 and NO−3, organic N and carbon (C), and 17 of 19 samples contained microbial biomass. The mean subtalus values for KCl-extractable NH−4, of 3·2 mg N kg−1, and NO−3, of 1·0 mg N kg−1, were comparable with developed alpine soils on Niwot Ridge. Average microbial biomass in subtalus soils of 5·4 mg N kg−1 and total N of 1000 mg N kg−1 were about an order of magnitude lower than alpine tundra soils, reflecting the reduced amount of vegetation in talus areas. However, these measurements in surface-vegetated patches of talus were comparable with the well-developed soils on Niwot Ridge. These measurements in talus of microbial biomass, total N and KCl-extractable NH+4 and NO−3, show that there is sufficient biotically conditioned ‘soil’ within talus fields to influence the solute content of interstitial waters. Mean NO−3 concentrations of 20 μeq l−1 from 29 samples of subtalus water were significantly higher than the 6·7 μeq l−1 in snow, while NH+4 concentrations in subtalus water of 0·7 μeq l−1 was significantly lower than in snow at 5·2 μeq l−1 (p = 0·001). Nitrate concentrations in subtalus water were significantly (p < 0·0001) correlated with concentrations of geochemical weathering products such as Ca2+ (r2 = 0·84) and silica (r2 = 0·49). The correlation of NO−3 in subtalus water with geochemical weathering products suggests that NO−3 concentrations in subtalus water increased with increased residence time, consistent with a biological source for this subtalus water NO−3. The high NO−3 concentrations in subtalus water compared with atmospheric deposition of NO−3 suggests that NO−3 in talus fields may contribute to NO−3 in stream waters of high-elevation catchments.
Increasingly, ecosystem managers are attempting to restore riparian ecosystems in the arid West that have been degraded by land and water management practices. This book will fill a vacant niche in the library of these practitioners. Briggs emphasizes several concepts that should be fundamental to restoration projects but that too often are ignored. One of these central concepts is that the underlying causes of degradation need to be identified before restoration projects are undertaken. Briggs advocates considering multiple impacts, interactions between impacts, and site history when assessing causes of site degradation. Causes can be complex and difficult to assess and may include depletion of water availability by ground water pumping, alteration of flood flow regimes, overgrazing by cattle, and increased soil salinity from upstream agricultural activities, to name a few
\nReview info: Riparian ecosystem recovery in arid lands: Strategies and references. By: Mark K. Briggs. 1996. ISBN 0-8165- 1644-8, 159 pages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Ecological Restoration","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09732.x","usgsCitation":"Stromberg, J.C., Shafroth, P.B., and Cornwall, C., 1997, Book review: Riparian ecosystem recovery in arid lands: Strategies and references: Restoration Ecology, v. 5, no. 3, p. 271-271, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09732.x.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"271","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc45e4b03fd6b7d94c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stromberg, Julie C.","contributorId":71657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromberg","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cornwall, Caitlin","contributorId":173821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornwall","given":"Caitlin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176099,"text":"70176099 - 1997 - Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-25T16:20:18","indexId":"70176099","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"CCBNEP–17","title":"Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study to quantify current (1983–93) mean freshwater inflows to the six bay systems (open water and wetlands) in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area, to test for historical temporal trends in inflows, and to quantify historical and projected changes in inflows. The report also addresses the adequacy of existing data to estimate freshwater inflows.
\nThe six bay systems are the St. Charles, Copano, Redfish, Nueces and Corpus Christi, upper Laguna Madre, and Baffin. Each bay system has one or more adjacent contributing watersheds, for a total of 13 watersheds for purposes of this study, that together comprise about 6,000 square miles. All freshwater runoff to each bay system except the Nueces and Corpus Christi originates in adjacent watersheds. Freshwater that enters the Nueces and Corpus Christi Bay system is a combination of water that originates in the adjacent contributing watersheds and water that originates in the large regional watershed of the Nueces River (greater Nueces River Basin) upstream of the adjacent contributing watersheds.
\nThe watershed simulation model Hydrologic Simulation Program—Fortran (HSPF) was used to generate simulated flow (runoff) from the 13 watersheds to the six bay systems because adequate gaged streamflow data from which to estimate freshwater inflows are not available; only about 23 percent of the adjacent contributing watershed area is gaged. The model was calibrated for the gaged parts of three watersheds—that is, selected input parameters (meteorologic and hydrologic properties and conditions) that control runoff were adjusted in a series of simulations until an adequate match between model-generated flows and a set (time series) of gaged flows was achieved. The primary model input is rainfall and evaporation data and the model output is a time series of runoff volumes. After calibration, simulations driven by daily rainfall for a 26-year period (1968–93) were done for the 13 watersheds to obtain runoff under current (1983–93), predevelopment (pre-1940 streamflow and pre-urbanization), and future (2010) land-use conditions for estimating freshwater inflows and for comparing runoff under the three land-use conditions; and to obtain time series of runoff from which to estimate time series of freshwater inflows for trend analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program","publisherLocation":"Corpus Christi, TX","usgsCitation":"Asquith, W., Mosier, J.G., and Bush, P.W., 1997, Status, trends, and changes in freshwater inflows to bay systems in the Corpus Christi Bay National Estuary Program study area, 47 p.","productDescription":"47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c016cee4b0f2f0ceb8736b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mosier, J. G.","contributorId":174057,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bush, P. W.","contributorId":14826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019748,"text":"70019748 - 1997 - Effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the south-eastern United States and the Gulf Coast of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-27T10:58:45.197072","indexId":"70019748","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the south-eastern United States and the Gulf Coast of Mexico","docAbstract":"The south-eastern United States and Gulf Coast of Mexico is physiographically diverse, although dominated by a broad coastal plain. Much of the region has a humid, warm temperate climate with little seasonality in precipitation but strong seasonality in runoff owing to high rates of summer evapotranspiration. The climate of southern Florida and eastern Mexico is subtropical with a distinct summer wet season and winter dry season. Regional climate models suggest that climate change resulting from a doubling of the pre-industrial levels of atmospheric CO2 may increase annual air temperatures by 3-4??C. Changes in precipitation are highly uncertain, but the most probable scenario shows higher levels over all but the northern, interior portions of the region, with increases primarily occurring in summer and occurring as more intense or clustered storms. Despite the increases in precipitation, runoff is likely to decline over much of the region owing to increases in evapotranspiration exceeding increases in precipitation. Only in Florida and the Gulf Coast areas of the US and Mexico are precipitation increases likely to exceed evapotranspiration increases, producing an increase in runoff. However, increases in storm intensity and clustering are likely to result in more extreme hydrographs, with larger peaks in flow but lower baseflows and longer periods of drought. The ecological effects of climate change on freshwaters of the region include: (1) a general increase in rates of primary production, organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling as a result of higher temperatures and longer growing seasons: (2) reduction in habitat for cool water species, particularly fish and macroinvertebrates in Appalachian streams; (3) reduction in water quality and in suitable habitat in summer owing to lower baseflows and intensification of the temperature-dissolved oxygen squeeze in many rivers and reservoirs; (4) reduction in organic matter storage and loss of organisms during more intense flushing events in some streams and wetlands; (5) shorter periods of inundation of riparian wetlands and greater drying of wetland soils, particularly in northern and inland areas; (6) expansion of subtropical species northwards, including several non-native nuisance species currently confined to southern Florida; (7) expansion of wetlands in Florida and coastal Mexico, but increase in eutrophication of Florida lakes as a result of greater runoff from urban and agricultural areas; and (8) changes in the flushing rate of estuaries that would alter their salinity regimes, stratification and water quality as well as influence productivity in the Gulf of Mexico. Many of the expected climate change effects will exacerbate current anthropogenic stresses on the region's freshwater systems, including increasing demands for water, increasing waste heat loadings and land use changes that alter the quantity and quality of runoff to streams and reservoirs. Research is needed especially in several critical areas: long-term monitoring of key hydrological, chemical and biological properties (particularly water balances in small, forested catchments and temperature-sensitive species); experimental studies of the effects of warming on organisms and ecosystem processes under realistic conditions (e.g. in situ heating experiments); studies of the effects of natural hydrological variation on biological communities; and assessment of the effects of water management activities on organisms and ecosystem processes, including development and testing of management and restoration strategies designed to counteract changes in climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Mulholland, P.J., Best, G., Coutant, C., Hornberger, G., Meyer, J., Robinson, P., Stenberg, J., Turner, R., Vera-Herrera, F., and Wetzel, R., 1997, Effects of climate change on freshwater ecosystems of the south-eastern United States and the Gulf Coast of Mexico: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 949-970.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06aee4b0c8380cd51385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulholland, P. J.","contributorId":89081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulholland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Best, G.R.","contributorId":27007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coutant, C.C.","contributorId":15470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutant","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornberger, G.M.","contributorId":68463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, P.J.","contributorId":43232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stenberg, J.R.","contributorId":7140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stenberg","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Turner, R.E.","contributorId":39749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16756,"text":"Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vera-Herrera, F.","contributorId":95762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vera-Herrera","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wetzel, R.G.","contributorId":60403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70175110,"text":"70175110 - 1997 - Effects of reduced wastewater phosphate concentrations in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-10T18:17:44.776013","indexId":"70175110","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3914,"text":"Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of reduced wastewater phosphate concentrations in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Interagency","usgsCitation":"Hager, S., and Schemel, L., 1997, Effects of reduced wastewater phosphate concentrations in South San Francisco Bay: Interagency Ecological Program Newsletter, v. 10, no. 3, p. 11-12.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.400710068740565\n ],\n [\n -121.81640625000001,\n 37.400710068740565\n ],\n [\n -121.81640625000001,\n 37.82280243352759\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.82280243352759\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.400710068740565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2caee4b0589fa1c980a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015714,"text":"1015714 - 1997 - Selection of microsites by grizzly bears to excavate biscuitroots (Lomatium cous)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T11:30:10.22762","indexId":"1015714","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selection of microsites by grizzly bears to excavate biscuitroots (Lomatium cous)","docAbstract":"Roots of the biscuitroot (Lomatium cous) are a common food of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in drier parts of their southern range. I used random sampling and locations of radiomarked bears in the Yellowstone ecosystem to investigate the importance of mass and starch content of roots, digability of the site, and density of plants relative to selection of sites by grizzly bears to dig biscuitroots. Where biscuitroots were present, most differences between dug and undug sites were related to digability of the site and mass and starch content of roots. Grizzly bears more often dug in sites where average milligrams of starch per kilogram of pull per root (≈energy gain) was high. Density of biscuitroots was not related to selection of sites by grizzly bears. Mass of biscuitroot stems also provided relatively little information about mass of roots. Distribution of biscuitroots was associated with increased cover of rocks and exposure to wind, and with decreased slopes and cover of forbs. Digs by grizzly bears were associated with the presence of biscuitroots, proximity to edge of forest, and increased cover of rocks. Results were consistent with previously observed tendencies of grizzly bears to concentrate their feeding within 50–100 m of cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382656","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., 1997, Selection of microsites by grizzly bears to excavate biscuitroots (Lomatium cous): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 1, p. 228-238, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382656.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133122,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a00e4b07f02db5f7dfa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000654,"text":"1000654 - 1997 - Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T13:32:24","indexId":"1000654","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993","docAbstract":"The restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan has been an elusive goal of resource management agencies in the Great Lakes region. In this study, we estimated annual survival rates of adult lake trout from an area in northwestern Lake Michigan known as the Clay Banks refuge. We tagged and recaptured fish with gill nets during the fall spawning season (N = 12,175; 1983–1989 and 1991–1993) and with pound nets in the spring (N = 52,035; 1984–1990 and 1992–1993). We fit Cormack–Jolly–Seber models to the two sets of data. We had insufficient data to analyze annual differences in survival rates of fall-tagged fish, but we were able to estimate an overall annual survival rate of 0.67. Annual survival rates of spring-tagged fish varied between 0.53 and 0.88 and increased after 1987–1988. In addition to the mark–recapture studies, we analyzed catch rates of lake trout from gill-net and pound-net surveys to estimate survival rates using catch curve analyses; these annual rates were generally lower than those estimated from mark–recapture analyses of tagged fish. However, survival rates of lake trout from the Clay Banks refuge appeared to meet the minimum rate believed necessary for restoration of this species in Lake Michigan. Furthermore, adult survival rates have been increasing in recent years, and lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan is not hampered by low survival of adult fish. We hypothesize that the recent decrease in abundance of adult lake trout is primarily due to decreases in survival rates of lake trout younger than 6 years.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Holey, M.E., McKee, P.C., and Toneys, M.L., 1997, Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":13174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Patrick C.","contributorId":32118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toneys, Michael L.","contributorId":27827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toneys","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70046401,"text":"ofr93137 - 1997 - Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-08T12:19:23","indexId":"ofr93137","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-137","title":"Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a 20-month study during 1988-90 to evaluate the effects of episodic acidification on fish and aquatic invertebrates in pristine headwater streams in the Catskill Mountains of New York. The study was part of the Episodic Response Project, a regional survey of episodic acidification by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and was carried out simultaneously with other studies in the Adirondack Mountains of New York by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation and in central Pennsylvania by Pennsylvania State University. This report summarizes the methods used, describes the sampling sites, and presents the data collected from October 1, 1988 through May 30, 1990 at four headwater watersheds (Biscuit Brook, East Branch Neversink River, Black Brook, and High Falls Brook). The study entailed (1) monitoring the quantity and chemical quality of atmospheric deposition and the quality of discharge of streams, and (2) experiments to determine the effect of stream-water-quality changes on fish and invertebrate populations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., Baldigo, B.P., Horan-Ross, D., and Allen, R.V., 1997, Data-collection methods and quality-assurance/quality-control procedures used in the study of episodic stream acidification and its effect on fish and aquatic invertebrates in four Catskill Mountain streams, New York, 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-137, vi, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93137.","productDescription":"vi, 83 p.","numberOfPages":"90","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274551,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0137/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Catskill Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.49,39.68 ], [ -80.49,45.36 ], [ -73.16,45.36 ], [ -73.16,39.68 ], [ -80.49,39.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b846e2e4b03203c522b1c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":479615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horan-Ross, Debra","contributorId":48466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan-Ross","given":"Debra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Ronald V.","contributorId":28657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003524,"text":"1003524 - 1997 - Declines in abundance and species richness of birds following a major flood on the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:54:50","indexId":"1003524","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Declines in abundance and species richness of birds following a major flood on the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"We examined the abundance and species richness of birds breeding in floodplain forests of the Upper Mississippi River from 1992 to 1994 to identify effects of a major flood in 1993 on the bird assemblage. Sixty-five study plots were divided into treatments and controls based on whether they were flooded in 1993. Among 84 species observed on all plots, 41 species decreased in abundance from 1992 to 1994, 13 species increased, and numbers of 5 species were unchanged. Sample sizes were inadequate to evaluate trends for 25 species. Species richness declined over the three-year period. The main effect \"year\" was significant in 20 of the 36 species tested. Cool, wet conditions may have contributed to poor reproductive success in 1993 and resulted in widespread declines in abundance during the year following the flood. Bird abundance increased on most unflooded plots in 1993, probably because birds were displaced from flooded plots. This pattern was most striking for Neotropical migrants, species preferring habitat edges, lower-canopy nesters, and species that forage in the air. We suggest that periodic major flooding maintains suitable floodplain habitat for Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea) in the face of competition with House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) for nest sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089239","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., and Klaas, E., 1997, Declines in abundance and species richness of birds following a major flood on the upper Mississippi River: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 367-380, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089239.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"380","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480090,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089239","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67267d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003588,"text":"1003588 - 1997 - Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T14:36:08","indexId":"1003588","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3499,"text":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Converse, K.A., and Creekmore, T., 1997, Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report: Supplement to the Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 33, no. 4, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 72.71190310803662\n ],\n [\n -65.7421875,\n 17.14079039331665\n ],\n [\n -180.17578125,\n 17.14079039331665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aaeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Creekmore, T.","contributorId":74335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creekmore","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019917,"text":"70019917 - 1997 - Canada Stream: A glacial meltwater stream in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:29:19.89684","indexId":"70019917","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Canada Stream: A glacial meltwater stream in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468224","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., and Tate, C.M., 1997, Canada Stream: A glacial meltwater stream in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 1, p. 14-17, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468224.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f33ce4b0c8380cd4b6a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":384371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, C. M.","contributorId":97147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1004020,"text":"1004020 - 1997 - Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:23:35","indexId":"1004020","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","docAbstract":"We describe a new species of piroplasm from brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. Mean parasitemia in adults and chicks was less than 1%, with the parasitemia in chicks significantly greater than in adults. There was no significant relation between the age of chicks and the degree of parasitemia. Parasitized red cells and red cell nuclei were significantly smaller than those of unparasitized cells, and infected birds appeared clinically normal. Prevalence of the parasite in chicks (54%) was significantly greater than in adults (13%), and the geographic distribution of parasitized chicks was skewed toward the eastern end of Sand Island. On the basis of morphologic characteristics, we named it Babesia poelea. The specific name is a concatenation of the Hawaiian names for dark (po'ele) and booby ('a). This is the second documentation of an endemic avian hemoparasite in seabirds from the central Pacific.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.2307/3284253","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., and Rameyer, R., 1997, Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific: Journal of Parasitology, v. 83, no. 4, p. 734-738, https://doi.org/10.2307/3284253.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3284253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Johnston Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -169.56058502197266,\n 16.71052058261123\n ],\n [\n -169.5568084716797,\n 16.730742195167586\n ],\n [\n -169.55294609069824,\n 16.738632974391997\n ],\n [\n -169.54092979431152,\n 16.752769803087457\n ],\n [\n -169.52960014343262,\n 16.765261940653513\n ],\n [\n -169.51483726501465,\n 16.770850262916724\n ],\n [\n -169.50608253479004,\n 16.77446614862232\n ],\n [\n -169.50204849243164,\n 16.777588903650855\n ],\n [\n -169.4965553283691,\n 16.779807672095146\n ],\n [\n -169.49252128601074,\n 16.780711607367206\n ],\n [\n -169.48960304260254,\n 16.781615538338865\n ],\n [\n -169.48505401611328,\n 16.78120466115759\n ],\n [\n -169.48076248168942,\n 16.77627406568194\n ],\n [\n -169.47861671447754,\n 16.769617558888797\n ],\n [\n -169.4747543334961,\n 16.76460448017899\n ],\n [\n -169.47338104248047,\n 16.755399794941262\n ],\n [\n -169.47509765625,\n 16.74833160943288\n ],\n [\n -169.49174880981445,\n 16.736002750956754\n ],\n [\n -169.50316429138184,\n 16.721453671888803\n ],\n [\n -169.50531005859375,\n 16.714877452674305\n ],\n [\n -169.5183563232422,\n 16.70928748811859\n ],\n [\n -169.53286170959473,\n 16.709616314095587\n ],\n [\n -169.54633712768555,\n 16.70994513950609\n ],\n [\n -169.56058502197266,\n 16.71052058261123\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rameyer, Robert 0000-0002-2145-1746 bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1746","contributorId":150128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rameyer","given":"Robert","email":"bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":94809,"text":"94809 - 1997 - Least tern (Sterna antillarum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"94809","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Least tern (Sterna antillarum)","docAbstract":"This species account discusses: distinguishing characteristics, distribution, systematics, migration, habitat, food habits, vocalizations, behavior (locomotion, maintenance, agonistic, sexual, social, interspecific), breeding (phenology, nest site, nest, eggs, incubation, development of the young, parental care), demography and populations (life span, mortality, dispersal and philopatry, population status), conservation and management, plumages and molt, and measurements. There is also a bibliography which lists key references for additional information. (DBO)","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Birds of North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academy of Natural Sciences","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Thompson, B., Jackson, J., Burger, J., Hill, L., Kirsch, E., and Atwood, J., 1997, Least tern (Sterna antillarum), v. 290, 32 pp.","productDescription":"32 pp","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, B.C.","contributorId":102433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J.J.","contributorId":92393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, L.A.","contributorId":29540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atwood, J.L.","contributorId":106611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1015916,"text":"1015916 - 1997 - Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T13:15:34","indexId":"1015916","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"We developed a multivariate description of black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) habitat associations from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) signatures surrounding known jackrabbit locations in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA), in southwestern Idaho. Habitat associations were determined for characteristics within a 1-km radius (approx home range size) of jackrabbits sighted on night spotlight surveys conducted from 1987 through 1995. Predictive habitat variables were number of shrub, agriculture, and hydrography cells, mean and standard deviation of shrub patch size, habitat richness, and a measure of spatial heterogeneity. In winter, jackrabbits used smaller and less variable sizes of shrub patches and areas of higher spatial heterogeneity when compared to summer observations (P < 0.05). During the low population phase, jackrabbits also used agricultural regions more during winter than summer. The association with agricultural regions was emphasized spatially in a GIS map contrasting winter and summer periods. Multivariate habitat means (P < 0.001), but not individual GIS variables (P > 0.05), differed significantly between high and low population phase. We used the Mahalanobis distance statistic to rank all 50-m cells in a 440,000-ha region relative to the multivariate mean habitat vector. On verification surveys to test predicted models, we sighted jackrabbits in areas ranked close to the mean habitat vector. Areas burned by large-scale fires between 1980 and 1992 or in an area repeatedly burned by military training activities had greater Mahalanobis distances from the mean habitat vector than unburned areas and were less likely to contain habitats used by jackrabbits.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802416","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Dyer, D., 1997, Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, D.L.","contributorId":87900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}