{"pageNumber":"3649","pageRowStart":"91200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019942,"text":"70019942 - 1997 - U-Th-Pb zircon ages of some Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:15:57.789491","indexId":"70019942","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"U-Th-Pb zircon ages of some Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"

New single-crystal zircon U–Th–Pb ages for plutonic and rhyolitic Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior provide geochronological constraints on magmatic evolution associated with the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift. Analyses of a granophyric phase of the Mineral Lake intrusion and the Mellen granite, both parts of the Mellen Intrusive Complex, and a laterally extensive rhyolite from the top of the Kallander Creek Volcanics have weighted average 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1102.0 ± 2.8 Ma (N = 2), 1100.9 ± 1.4 Ma (N = 5), and 1098.8 ± 1.9 Ma (N = 4), respectively. Analyses of a pyroclastic rhyolite flow at the top of the Porcupine Volcanics result in variable 207Pb/206Pb ages that range from 1080 to 1137 Ma. This rhyolite exhibits a continuum between morphologically complex and simpler prismatic zircon crystals, the latter yielding concordant analyses having a weighted average 207Pb/206Pb age of 1093.6 ± 1.8 Ma (N = 2). Four prismatic zircons from an aphyric rhyolite of the Chengwatana Volcanics in the Ashland syncline form a linear array intersecting concordia at 1094.6 ± 2.1 Ma (MSWD = 1.3). Another presumed Chengwatana rhyolite recovered from drill core intersecting the Hudson–Afton horst in southeast Minnesota yielded only ~20 morphologically indistinguishable zircons. Six analyses give 207Pb/206Pb ages ranging from 1112 to 1136 Ma, including one analysis with a virtually concordant age of 1130 Ma. This age, however, is considerably older than that obtained for the Chengwatana Volcanics in the Ashland syncline or any other precisely dated rock from the Midcontinent rift.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-044","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Zartman, R., Nicholson, S.W., Cannon, W., and Morey, G.B., 1997, U-Th-Pb zircon ages of some Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 4, p. 549-561, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-044.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"549","endPage":"561","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Apostle Islands, Keweenaw Peninsula, Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.92653113958038,\n 45.92953859097938\n ],\n [\n -85.62947476083127,\n 46.18533549296873\n ],\n [\n -84.69273064018783,\n 46.21442867839448\n ],\n [\n -84.6326829401467,\n 46.496246640450835\n ],\n [\n -84.90289759033176,\n 46.54582837140791\n ],\n [\n -84.92091190034469,\n 46.6077419099168\n ],\n [\n -84.8728737403112,\n 46.83826130148003\n ],\n [\n -85.58143660079853,\n 46.76015976465186\n ],\n [\n -86.17326952944948,\n 46.727240989109134\n ],\n [\n -86.50353187967639,\n 46.603616539923394\n ],\n [\n -86.58159388973046,\n 46.52930615517957\n ],\n [\n -86.62362727975938,\n 46.599490855762156\n ],\n [\n -86.74372267984164,\n 46.603616539923394\n ],\n [\n -86.74372267984164,\n 46.5251748156017\n ],\n [\n -86.87582761993224,\n 46.500380179572375\n ],\n [\n -87.00793256002288,\n 46.61186696574893\n ],\n [\n -87.1400375001142,\n 46.578857722377194\n ],\n [\n -87.29616152022085,\n 46.591238544931684\n ],\n [\n -87.5423570903899,\n 46.85468928510457\n ],\n [\n -87.80056220056731,\n 46.96134872720555\n ],\n [\n -88.0167339207158,\n 46.97773903549884\n ],\n [\n -88.11881501078587,\n 47.05552441410214\n ],\n [\n -88.30496288091378,\n 46.969544509183464\n ],\n [\n -88.16685317081935,\n 47.09641857751464\n ],\n [\n -88.05876731074473,\n 47.210755295156105\n ],\n [\n -87.8486003606008,\n 47.34112466085594\n ],\n [\n -87.53635232038607,\n 47.39806026936867\n ],\n [\n -87.52434278037771,\n 47.45087401921066\n ],\n [\n -87.68046680048505,\n 47.53202248733248\n ],\n [\n -88.12481978079042,\n 47.540130438153284\n ],\n [\n -88.44907736101277,\n 47.43462927817751\n ],\n [\n -88.64123000114525,\n 47.292273788110435\n ],\n [\n -88.95347804135923,\n 47.145450150084514\n ],\n [\n -89.02553528140875,\n 47.04325004516363\n ],\n [\n -89.21768792154121,\n 47.04734181533149\n ],\n [\n -89.41178944146284,\n 46.91434743417477\n ],\n [\n -89.87415673178037,\n 46.86099745407171\n ],\n [\n -90.07231414191668,\n 46.72121583863441\n ],\n [\n -90.45061465217634,\n 46.630575437785694\n ],\n [\n -90.63075775230044,\n 46.733564114238874\n ],\n [\n -90.37855741212684,\n 46.85278505505781\n ],\n [\n -90.3125049420819,\n 47.02907488128713\n ],\n [\n -90.36054310211466,\n 47.13130216115101\n ],\n [\n -91.02707257257232,\n 47.03316773858717\n ],\n [\n -91.53147325291879,\n 46.82814032189589\n ],\n [\n -91.915778533183,\n 46.75002408456095\n ],\n [\n -92.10793117331475,\n 46.758252185278906\n ],\n [\n -92.22802657339773,\n 46.717099118587754\n ],\n [\n -92.1919979533726,\n 46.68415405060526\n ],\n [\n -92.22802657339773,\n 46.65531062511002\n ],\n [\n -92.30608858345104,\n 46.67179446728079\n ],\n [\n -92.30008381344722,\n 46.091868432379414\n ],\n [\n -91.84972606313733,\n 45.87071715012689\n ],\n [\n -89.29241052120538,\n 45.67418249476367\n ],\n [\n -86.92653113958038,\n 45.92953859097938\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb9e1e4b08c986b327e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zartman, R. E.","contributorId":15632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, S. W.","contributorId":79504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannon, W.F. 0000-0002-2699-8118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":70382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"W.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morey, G. B.","contributorId":14406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019947,"text":"70019947 - 1997 - Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019947","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","docAbstract":"Six geologic units are recognized in the Cretaceous and the Paleocene sediments of eastern Burke and Screven Counties in Georgia on the basis of lithologic, geophysical, and paleontologic data collected from three continuously cored testholes in Georgia and one testhole in South Carolina. The six geologic units are separated by regional unconformities and are designated from oldest to youngest as the Cape Fear Formation, the Middendorf Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Steel Creek Formation in the Upper Cretaceous section, and the Ellenton and the Snapp Formations in the Paleocene section. The geologic units provide a spatial and temporal framework for the identification and correlation of a basal confining unit beneath the Midville aquifer system and five aquifers and five confining units in the Dublin and the Midville aquifer systems. The Dublin aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the Millers Pond, the upper Dublin, and the lower Dublin aquifers. The Midville aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the upper and the lower Midville aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the Millers Pond, the lower Dublin, and the lower Midville confining units are nonmarine deposits and are present in the upper part of the Snapp Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Middendorf Formation, respectively. Hydrologic data for specific sets of monitoring wells at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and the Millers Pond site in Georgia confirm that these three units are leaky confining units and locally impede vertical ground-water flow between adjacent aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the upper Dublin and the upper Midville confining units are marine-deltaic deposits of the Ellenton Formation and the Black Creek Group (undivided), respectively. Hydrologic data confirm that the upper Dublin confining unit regionally impedes vertical ground-water flow on both sides of the Savannah River. The upper Midville confining unit impedes vertical ground-water flow in the middle and downdip parts of the study area and is a leaky confining unit in the updip part of the study area. Recognition of the upper Dublin confining unit as a regional confining unit between the Millers Pond and the upper Dublin aquifers also confirms that the Millers Pond aquifer is a separate hydrologic unit from the rest of the Dublin aquifer system. This multi-aquifer framework increases the vertical hydrostratigraphic resolution of hydraulic properties and gradients in the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems for the investigation of ground-water flow beneath the Savannah River in the vicinity of the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Baum, J.S., and Prowell, D., 1997, Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia: Southeastern Geology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 153-176.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7acbe4b0c8380cd790d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, J. S.","contributorId":80716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019943,"text":"70019943 - 1997 - Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost cascade range, California: A reflection of relative fertility of the source","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019943","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost cascade range, California: A reflection of relative fertility of the source","docAbstract":"Chromian spinel and coexisting olivine phenocrysts from a geochemically diverse suite of primitive tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts and magnesian andesites from the Lassen region, in the southernmost Cascade Range, in California, show that the sub-arc mantle is zoned. Depleted calc-alkaline basalts and magnesian andesites erupt in the forearc region, and calc-alkaline basalts contain increasing abundances of incompatible elements toward the backarc. High-alumina olivine tholeiites erupt from the arc and backarc areas. Olivine from all these lavas displays a limited compositional range, from Fo86 to Fo91, and crystallized at high temperature, generally 1225-1275??C. Chromian spinel trapped in the olivine phenocrysts displays a large range of composition: Cr# values span the range 9-76. Excess Al in the spinel relative to that in 1-atm spinel suggests that it crystallized at elevated pressure. The phenocrysts in these lavas are in equilibrium with their host liquids. The full range of Cr# of the spinel compositions cannot be explained by differentiation or variable pressure, variations in f(O2), subsolidus equilibration or variations in degree of partial melting of a single peridotitic source. Rather, the systematic compositional differences among phenocrysts in these primitive lavas result from bulk chemical variability in their mantle sources. Correlations between spinel and host-rock compositions support the assertion that the geochemical diversity of Lassen basalts reflects the relative fertility of their mantle sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Clynne, M., and Borg, L.E., 1997, Olivine and chromian spinel in primitive calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas from the southernmost cascade range, California: A reflection of relative fertility of the source: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 453-472.","startPage":"453","endPage":"472","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d6be4b0c8380cd75119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borg, L. E.","contributorId":33863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188323,"text":"70188323 - 1997 - Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T11:13:20","indexId":"70188323","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive Use of Water Resources: Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Proceedings of the AWRA Symposium: TPS-97-2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Anders, R., Bohlke, J., Michel, R.L., and Metge, D.W., 1997, Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County, in Conjunctive Use of Water Resources: Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Proceedings of the AWRA Symposium: TPS-97-2, p. 273-284.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kendall, D. R.","contributorId":192639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697220,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020013,"text":"70020013 - 1997 - An interactive program for computer-aided map design, display, and query: EMAPKGS2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T13:17:15","indexId":"70020013","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interactive program for computer-aided map design, display, and query: EMAPKGS2","docAbstract":"EMAPKGS2 is a user-friendly, PC-based electronic mapping tool for use in hydrogeologic exploration and appraisal. EMAPKGS2 allows the analyst to construct maps interactively from data stored in a relational database, perform point-oriented spatial queries such as locating all wells within a specified radius, perform geographic overlays, and export the data to other programs for further analysis. EMAPKGS2 runs under Microsoft?? Windows??? 3.1 and compatible operating systems. EMAPKGS2 is a public domain program available from the Kansas Geological Survey. EMAPKGS2 is the centerpiece of WHEAT, the Windows-based Hydrogeologic Exploration and Appraisal Toolkit, a suite of user-friendly Microsoft?? Windows??? programs for natural resource exploration and management. The principal goals in development of WHEAT have been ease of use, hardware independence, low cost, and end-user extensibility. WHEAT'S native data format is a Microsoft?? Access?? database. WHEAT stores a feature's geographic coordinates as attributes so they can be accessed easily by the user. The WHEAT programs are designed to be used in conjunction with other Microsoft?? Windows??? software to allow the natural resource scientist to perform work easily and effectively. WHEAT and EMAPKGS have been used at several of Kansas' Groundwater Management Districts and the Kansas Geological Survey on groundwater management operations, groundwater modeling projects, and geologic exploration projects. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00070-2","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Pouch, G., 1997, An interactive program for computer-aided map design, display, and query: EMAPKGS2: Computers & Geosciences, v. 23, no. 3, p. 259-266, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00070-2.","startPage":"259","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266159,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(96)00070-2"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea84e4b0c8380cd488f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pouch, G.W.","contributorId":71710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pouch","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019978,"text":"70019978 - 1997 - Rare-earth metal prices in the USA ca. 1960 to 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:51:09.345668","indexId":"70019978","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2152,"text":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare-earth metal prices in the USA ca. 1960 to 1994","docAbstract":"

Rare-earth metal prices were compiled from the late 1950s and early 1960s through 1994. Although commercial demand for rare-earth metals began in 1908, as the alloy mischmetal, commercial quantities of a wide range of individual rare-earth metals were not available until the late 1950s.

The discovery of a large, high-grade rare-earth deposit at Mountain Pass, CA, USA, in 1949, was significant because it led to the production of commercial quantities of rare-earth elements that reduced prices and encouraged wider application of the materials.

The availability of ore from Mountain Pass, and other large rare-earth deposits, especially those in Australia and China, has provided the world with abundant resources for rare-earth metal production. This availability, coupled with improved technology from Government and private-sector metallurgical research, has resulted in substantial decreases in rare-earth metal prices since the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Price series for the individual rare-earth metals (except promethium) are quoted on a kilogram basis from the late 1950s and early 1960s through 1994. Prices are given in US dollars on an actual and constant dollar basis. Industrial and economic factors affecting prices during this time period are examined.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02532-7","issn":"09258388","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, J., 1997, Rare-earth metal prices in the USA ca. 1960 to 1994: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 250, no. 1-2, p. 471-481, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02532-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"471","endPage":"481","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a952be4b0c8380cd8184a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, J.B.","contributorId":96717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017367,"text":"1017367 - 1997 - Sex, turtles and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017367","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3030,"text":"People, Land, and Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex, turtles and climate change","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"People, Land, and Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., 1997, Sex, turtles and climate change: People, Land, and Water, v. 4.","productDescription":"p. 12","startPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3fa4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019991,"text":"70019991 - 1997 - Production of activated char from Illinois coal for flue gas cleanup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T01:10:39.299686","indexId":"70019991","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Production of activated char from Illinois coal for flue gas cleanup","docAbstract":"

Activated chars were produced from Illinois coal and tested in several flue gas cleanup applications. High-activity chars that showed excellent potential for both SO2 and NOx removal were prepared from an Illinois No. 2 bituminous coal. The SO2 (120 °C) and NOx (25 °C) removal performance of one char compared favorably with that of a commercial activated carbon (Calgon Centaur). The NOx removal performance of the same char at 120 °C exceeded that of the Centaur carbon by more than 1 order of magnitude. Novel char preparation methods were developed including oxidation/thermal desorption and hydrogen treatments, which increased and preserved, respectively, the active sites for SO2 and NOx adsorption. The results of combined SO2/NOx removal tests, however, suggest that SO2 and NOx compete for similar adsorption sites and SO2 seems to be more strongly adsorbed than NO. A low-activity, low-cost char was also developed for cleanup of incinerator flue gas. A three-step method involving coal preoxidation, pyrolysis, and CO2 activation was used to produce the char from Illinois coal. Five hundred pounds of the char was tested on a slipstream of flue gas from a commercial incinerator in Germany. The char was effective in removing >97% of the dioxins and furans present in the flue gas; mercury levels were below detectable limits.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1021/ef960196h","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Lizzio, A., DeBarr, J., and Kruse, C., 1997, Production of activated char from Illinois coal for flue gas cleanup: Energy and Fuels, v. 11, no. 2, p. 250-259, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef960196h.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228185,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8ddce4b0c8380cd7ee94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lizzio, A.A.","contributorId":70937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lizzio","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeBarr, J.A.","contributorId":20078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBarr","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruse, C.W.","contributorId":52333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019949,"text":"70019949 - 1997 - In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70019949","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada","docAbstract":"Borehole televiewer and hydrologic logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were carried out in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Precision temperature and spinner flowmeter logs were also acquired in well 73B-7, with and without simultaneously injecting water into the well. Localized perturbations to well-bore temperature and flow were used to identify hydraulically conductive fractures. Comparison of these data with fracture orientations from the televiewer log indicates that permeable fractures within and adjacent to the Stillwater fault zone are critically stressed, potentially active shear planes in the current west-northwest extensional stress regime at Dixie Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 36th US Rock Mechanics ISRM International Symposium","conferenceDate":"29 June 1997 through 2 July 1997","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S., Barton, C.A., Zoback, M.D., Morin, R., Sass, J., and Benoit, R., 1997, In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 34, no. 3-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1.","startPage":"414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1"},{"id":228107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ace4b0c8380cd619de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, C. A.","contributorId":47097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R.","contributorId":6210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sass, J.","contributorId":65623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benoit, R.","contributorId":97651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019950,"text":"70019950 - 1997 - Carbon isotope systematics of individual hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba Trough, Northeastern Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70019950","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope systematics of individual hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba Trough, Northeastern Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"We submitted individual aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba trough to compound specific isotope analysis to trace their origins. The carbon isotope compositions of the alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (means -27.5 and -24.7%, respectively) reflect a primarily terrestrial organic matter source.We submitted individual aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba Trough to compound specific isotope analysis to trace their origins. The carbon isotope compositions of the alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (means -27.5 and -24.7 per mill, respectively) reflect a primarily terrestrial organic matter source.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00042-9","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Simoneit, B.R., Schoell, M., and Kvenvolden, K., 1997, Carbon isotope systematics of individual hydrocarbons in hydrothermal petroleum from Escanaba Trough, Northeastern Pacific Ocean: Organic Geochemistry, v. 26, no. 7-8, p. 511-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00042-9.","startPage":"511","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206060,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00042-9"},{"id":228146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7-8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f367e4b0c8380cd4b7ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoneit, Bernd R. T.","contributorId":51021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoneit","given":"Bernd","email":"","middleInitial":"R. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoell, M.","contributorId":31118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoell","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019990,"text":"70019990 - 1997 - Identification of bomb-produced chlorine-36 in mid-latitude glacial ice of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:43:08","indexId":"70019990","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of bomb-produced chlorine-36 in mid-latitude glacial ice of North America","docAbstract":"In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey collected a 160-meter (m) ice core from the Upper Fremont Glacier (43??07???N, 109??36???W) in the Wind River Mountain Range of Wyoming in the western United States [1]. In 1994-95, ice from this core was processed at the National Ice Core Laboratory in Denver, Colorado, and analyzed for chlorine-36 (36Cl) by accelerator mass spectrometry at PRIME Laboratory, Purdue University. A tritium bomb peak identified in the work by [1] was used as a marker to estimate the depth of bomb-produced 36Cl. Tritium concentrations ranged from 0 tritium units (TU) for older ice to more than 300 TU at 29 m below the surface of the glacier, a depth that includes ice that was deposited as snow during nuclear-weapons tests through the early 1960's. Maximum 36Cl production during nuclear-weapons tests was in the late 1950's; therefore, the analyses were performed on ice from a depth of 29.8 to 32 m. Calculated flux for 36Cl in ice deposited in the late 1950's ranged from 1.2 ?? 0.1 ?? 10-1 atoms/cm2 s for ice from 29.8 to 30.4 m, to 2.9 ?? 0.1 ?? 10-1 atoms/cm2 s for ice from 31.5 to 32.0 m. Ice samples from a depth of 104.7 to 106.3 m were selected to represent pre-weapons tests 36Cl flux. Calculated flux for 36Cl in this deeper ice was 4.6 ?? 0.8 ?? 10-3 atoms/cm2 s for ice from 104.7 to 105.5 m and 2.0 ?? 0.2 ?? 10-2 atoms/cm2 s for ice from 105.5 to 106.3 m. These flux calculations from the Upper Fremont Glacier analyses are the first for bomb-produced 36Cl in ice from a mid-latitude glacier in North America. It may now be possible to fully quantify the flux of 36Cl from nuclear-weapons tests archived in mid-latitude glacial ice and to gain a better understanding of the distribution of 36Cl and other cosmogenic nuclides.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00717-3","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Cecil, L., and Vogt, S., 1997, Identification of bomb-produced chlorine-36 in mid-latitude glacial ice of North America: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 123, no. 1-4, p. 287-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00717-3.","startPage":"287","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268850,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00717-3"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3823e4b0c8380cd61463","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, L. DeWayne","contributorId":66856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L. DeWayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogt, S.","contributorId":86126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019948,"text":"70019948 - 1997 - Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:07:30.204207","indexId":"70019948","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis","docAbstract":"

The tectonic setting of intraplate magmas, typically a plume intersecting a rift, is ideal for the development of Ni – Cu – platinum-group element-bearing sulphides. The plume transports metal-rich magmas close to the mantle–crust boundary. The interaction of the rift and plume permits rapid transport of the magma into the crust, thus ensuring that no sulphides are lost from the magma en route to the crust. The rift may contain sediments which could provide the sulphur necessary to bring about sulphide saturation in the magmas. The plume provides large volumes of mafic magma; thus any sulphides that form can collect metals from a large volume of magma and consequently the sulphides will be metal rich. The large volume of magma provides sufficient heat to release large quantities of S from the crust, thus providing sufficient S to form a large sulphide deposit. The composition of the sulphides varies on a number of scales: (i) there is a variation between geographic areas, in which sulphides from the Noril'sk–Talnakh area are the richest in metals and those from the Muskox intrusion are poorest in metals; (ii) there is a variation between textural types of sulphides, in which disseminated sulphides are generally richer in metals than the associated massive and matrix sulphides; and (iii) the massive and matrix sulphides show a much wider range of compositions than the disseminated sulphides, and on the basis of their Ni/Cu ratio the massive and matrix sulphides can be divided into Cu rich and Fe rich. The Cu-rich sulphides are also enriched in Pt, Pd, and Au; in contrast, the Fe-rich sulphides are enriched in Fe, Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh. Nickel concentrations are similar in both. Differences in the composition between the sulphides from different areas may be attributed to a combination of differences in composition of the silicate magma from which the sulphides segregated and differences in the ratio of silicate to sulphide liquid (R factors). The higher metal content of the disseminated sulphides relative to the massive and matrix sulphides may be due to the fact that the disseminated sulphides equilibrated with a larger volume of magma than massive and matrix sulphides. The difference in composition between the Cu- and Fe-rich sulphides may be the result of the fractional crystallization of monosulphide solid solution from a sulphide liquid, with the Cu-rich sulphides representing the liquid and the Fe-rich sulphides representing the cumulate.

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-030","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Barnes, S., Zientek, M.L., and Severson, M., 1997, Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 4, p. 337-351, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"351","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Noril'sk–Talnakh area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 70.13702294304795\n ],\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 68.26505456840746\n ],\n [\n 93.63528458262721,\n 68.26505456840746\n ],\n [\n 93.63528458262721,\n 70.13702294304795\n ],\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 70.13702294304795\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6632e4b0c8380cd72d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, M.J.","contributorId":54753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180253,"text":"70180253 - 1997 - Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T12:17:25","indexId":"70180253","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":" Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","docAbstract":"

No abstract available 

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Miller, A.I., Counihan, T., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1997, Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f9810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019877,"text":"70019877 - 1997 - Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T00:45:43.836961","indexId":"70019877","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field","docAbstract":"

Four channel-filling coal beds from the lower part of the Breathitt Formation (lower Middle Pennsylvanian, late Westphalian A) were examined palynologically, petrographically and geochemically to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions under which these peats accumulated. These results were then compared with detailed sedimentological analyses of the strata overlying the coal in the channels to see if any genetic relationship between coal composition and the origin of the overburden could be drawn.

All four of the coal beds used in this study are located in the western-most part of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field and occur at, or near, the Early Pennsylvanian unconformity (0–30 m). Lycospora and Densosporites (and related crassicingulate taxa, e.g. Cristatisporites , Cingulizonates and Radiizonates) dominate the studied assemblages, with Granulatisporites (and related trilete, sphaerotriangular genera, e.g. Leiotriletes and Lophotriletes), Laevigatosporites and Schulzospora being common accessory genera. Petrographically, all four coals contain high percentages of vitrinite macerals (avg. 78.6% mineral matter free), moderate amounts of liptinite (or exinite) macerals (avg. 14.9%, mmf) and low percentages of inertinite macerals (avg. 6.5%, mmf).

Strata above the coals consist of dark, carbonaceous shales, and heterolithic strata that exhibit varying degrees of bioturbation. Commonly occurring trace fossils include Arenicolites, Monocraterion, Planolites and Skolithos. Although marine-influenced strata, as determined from detailed sedimentology and ichnology (the study of trace fossils), covers all four coal beds, they are not uniformly high in total total sulfur content as might be expected. Rather they are extremely variable, ranging from 1–9% (dry basis) total sulfur. Ash yields are also variable ranging from 6.2–54.3% (dry basis). It is probable that the origin of the very first sediments covering the peat, as well as the amount of brackish water influence during peat accumulation, were important factors in determining the total sulfur content of the resultant coal. Initial sedimentation of fresh water clays and silts may have acted as a barrier to downward percolation/diffusion of sulfate bearing waters, or may have served as a site for sulfide formation, thereby keeping the total sulfur content of the underlying coal low. If initial sedimentation was of brackish or marine origin, as indicated by bioturbated laminae directly above the coal, or if the peat was subject to frequent brackish or marine water influence during accumulation, then sulfide generation might proceed unchecked, resulting in high sulfur coal.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00048-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Eble, C., and Greb, S., 1997, Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 183-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00048-1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45de4b0c8380cd4bcb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019985,"text":"70019985 - 1997 - Diverse primitive magmas in the Cascade arc, Northern Oregon and Southern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019985","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diverse primitive magmas in the Cascade arc, Northern Oregon and Southern Washington","docAbstract":"Bulk-rock major- and trace-element composition, petrography and mineral compositions are presented for a diverse suite of 22 primitive mafic lavas in the Cascade Range of northern Oregon and southern Washington. With the exception of an early Western Cascade basalt, all the rocks are younger than 7 Ma. Intensive parameters [F(H2O), f(O2), T, P] for the magmas have been inferred mostly from equilibrium olivine-liquid and plagioclase-liquid relations. Nearly anhydrous, MORB-like, low-K tholeiite was probably derived from relatively high degrees of decompression-induced melting of shallow, depleted, relatively unmetasomatized lithospheric mantle during intra-arc rifting. The degree of partial melting decreases northward along the arc, whereas the depth of average melt generation increases. OIB-like basalt represents deeper, wetter, smaller-degree melts of more enriched asthenospheric mantle, unaffected by subduction. Olivine analcimite resembles the silicate melt considered responsible for within-plate mantle metasomatism. Post-7-Ma subduction-related basalt was derived by low degrees of partial melting of subduction-metasomatized garnet lherzolite, similar to OIB-like basalt source-mantle before modification. The spectrum of subduction-related basalt from cooler and wetter (and slightly more oxidized) absarokite to progressively hotter and drier high-K calc-alkaline basalt and calc-alkaline basalt seems to be due to varying degrees of metasomatism of the deep mantle wedge by relatively cool, wet, LILE-rich absarokitic magmas coming from near the subducted slab. Early Western Cascade basalt is more typically arc-like in its composition and mineralogy, and was probably generated under H2O-rich conditions when more vigorous subduction prevailed. Depleted basaltic andesite may have been generated by low degrees of partial melting of residual harzburgite, possibly formed during the generation of early Western Cascade basalt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Conrey, R.M., Sherrod, D.R., Hooper, P.R., and Swanson, D.A., 1997, Diverse primitive magmas in the Cascade arc, Northern Oregon and Southern Washington: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 367-396.","startPage":"367","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a034ce4b0c8380cd503fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrey, R. M.","contributorId":76772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, D. R.","contributorId":44559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, P. R.","contributorId":65884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70164301,"text":"70164301 - 1997 - Distribution and population characteristics of zebra mussels,Dreissena polymorpha, (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in Kentucky Lake, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T09:03:13","indexId":"70164301","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Distribution and population characteristics of zebra mussels,Dreissena polymorpha, (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in Kentucky Lake, Kentucky","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys","conferenceDate":"February 28 - March 1","conferenceLocation":"Dover, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Austin Peay State University","usgsCitation":"Herod, J., Reed, D.P., and Sickel, J.B., 1997, Distribution and population characteristics of zebra mussels,Dreissena polymorpha, (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in Kentucky Lake, Kentucky, in Proceedings of the seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys, Dover, TN, February 28 - March 1, p. 74-84.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fc5e4b010e2af2a5d40","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Scott, A.F.","contributorId":20284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596894,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, S. W.","contributorId":156226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596895,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chester, E. W.","contributorId":156222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chester","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596896,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, D. S.","contributorId":156223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596897,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Herod, J.J.","contributorId":28919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herod","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, D. P.","contributorId":156224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reed","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sickel, J. B.","contributorId":156225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sickel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195526,"text":"70195526 - 1997 - Low-rank coal formation in Poland and the United States: I. Zitau Basin, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T15:47:16","indexId":"70195526","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Low-rank coal formation in Poland and the United States: I. Zitau Basin, Poland","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Coal Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"9th International Conference on Coal Science","conferenceDate":"September 7-12, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Essen, Germany","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kasinski, J., Finkelman, R.B., Piwocki, M., Stanton, R., and Warwick, P.D., 1997, Low-rank coal formation in Poland and the United States: I. Zitau Basin, Poland, in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Coal Science, Essen, Germany, September 7-12, 1997, p. 35-38.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Poland, United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1a76e4b0da30c1bfd4b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ziegler, Alois","contributorId":9644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Alois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729078,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Heek, K.H.","contributorId":76760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Heek","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729079,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, J.","contributorId":90885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729080,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wanzl, W.","contributorId":62589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanzl","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729082,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Kasinski, J.R.","contributorId":39649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasinski","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piwocki, M.","contributorId":87020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piwocki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":729077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033381,"text":"70033381 - 1997 - Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:35","indexId":"70033381","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA","docAbstract":"The AVHRR can provide information on the reflectance of turbid case II water, permitting examination of large estuaries and plumes from major rivers. The AVHRR has been onboard several NOAA satellites, with afternoon overpasses since 1981, offering a long time-series to examine changes in coastal water. We are using AVHRR data starting in December 1989, to examine water clarity in Florida Bay, which has undergone a decline since the late 1980's. The processing involves obtaining a nominal reflectance for red light with standard corrections including those for Rayleigh and aerosol path radiances. Established relationships between reflectance and the water properties being measured in the Bay provide estimates of diffuse attenuation and light limitation for phytoplankton and seagrass productivity studies. Processing also includes monthly averages of reflectance and attenuation. The AVHRR data set describes spatial and temporal patterns, including resuspension of bottom sediments in the winter, and changes in water clarity. The AVHRR also indicates that Florida Bay has much higher reflectivity relative to attenuation than other southeastern US estuaries. ??2005 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Ocean Optics XIII","conferenceDate":"22 October 1996 through 22 October 1996","conferenceLocation":"Halifax, NS","language":"English","doi":"10.1117/12.266402","issn":"02777","usgsCitation":"Stumpf, R.P., and Frayer, M., 1997, Long time-series of turbid coastal water using AVHRR: An example from Florida Bay, USA, in Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 2963, Halifax, NS, 22 October 1996 through 22 October 1996, p. 796-801, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.266402.","startPage":"796","endPage":"801","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":241141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":213511,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266402"}],"volume":"2963","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4965e4b0c8380cd6858f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stumpf, R. P.","contributorId":30649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stumpf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frayer, M.L.","contributorId":75292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frayer","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033417,"text":"70033417 - 1997 - Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:36","indexId":"70033417","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"Large numbers of bottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) and temperatures measured during drill-stem tests (DSTs) are available in areas explored for hydrocarbons, but their usefulness for estimating geothermal gradients and heat-flow density is limited. We investigated a large data set of BHT and DST measurements taken in boreholes in the American Midcontinent, a geologically uniform stable cratonic area, and propose an empirical correction for BHTs based on relationships between BHTs, DSTs, and thermal logs. This empirical correction is compared with similar approaches determined for other areas. The data were analyzed by multivariate statistics prior to the BHT correction to identify anomalous measurements and quantify external influences. Spatial patterns in temperature measurements for major stratigraphic units outline relations to regional structure. Comparision of temperature and structure trend-surface residuals reveals a relationship between temperature highs and local structure highs. The anticlines, developed by continuous but intermittent movement of basement fault blocks in the Late Paleozoic, are subtle features having closures of 10-30 m and contain relatively small hydrocarbon reservoirs. The temperature anomalies of the order of 5-7 ??C may reflect fluids moving upward along fractures and faults, rather than changes in thermal conductivity resulting from different pore fluids. ?? Springer-Verlag 1997.","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Earth Sciences","language":"English","issn":"14373","usgsCitation":"Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., and Davis, J., 1997, Spatial analysis of temperature (BHT/DST) data and consequences for heat-flow determination in sedimentary basins, in International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 86, no. 2, p. 252-261.","startPage":"252","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":240869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9420e4b08c986b31a8a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":440794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187937,"text":"70187937 - 1997 - Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:51:38","indexId":"70187937","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Larval flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) were exposed to arsenate, boron, copper, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, vanadium, and zinc singly, and to five mixtures of five to nine inorganics. The exposures were conducted in reconstituted water representative of the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico. The mixtures simulated environmental ratios reported for sites along the San Juan River (San Juan River backwater, Fruitland marsh, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). The rank order of the individual inorganics, from most to least toxic, was: copper > zinc > vanadium > selenite > selenate > arsenate > uranium > boron > molybdenum. All five mixtures exhibited additive toxicity to flannelmouth sucker. In a limited number of tests, 44-day-old and 13-day-old larvae exhibited no difference in sensitivity to three mixtures. Copper was the major toxic component in four mixtures (San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek), whereas zinc was the major toxic component in the Fruitland marsh mixture, which did not contain copper. The Hogback East Drain was the most toxic mixture tested. Comparison of 96-h LC50values with reported environmental water concentrations from the San Juan River revealed low hazard ratios for arsenic, boron, molybdenum, selenate, selenite, uranium, and vanadium, moderate hazard ratios for zinc and the Fruitland marsh mixture, and high hazard ratios for copper at three sites and four environmental mixtures representing a San Juan backwater, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek. The high hazard ratios suggest that inorganic contaminants could adversely affect larval flannelmouth sucker in the San Juan River at four sites receiving elevated inorganics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/eesa.1997.1600","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S.J., and Buhl, K., 1997, Hazard evaluation of inorganics, singly and in mixtures, to Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis in the San Juan River, New Mexico: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 38, no. 3, p. 296-308, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1997.1600.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bcfe4b0b7ff9fb489be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, S. J.","contributorId":27817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, K.J.","contributorId":19728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187939,"text":"70187939 - 1997 - Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T16:16:06","indexId":"70187939","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1570,"text":"Environmental Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

Acute toxicity tests were conducted for 96 h with larval Colorado squawfish (Ptychocheilus lucius) and razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus) in a reconstituted water quality simulating the San Juan River near Shiprock, New Mexico, to determine biological effect concentrations. Tests were conducted with arsenate, copper, selenate, selenite, zinc, and five mixtures of seven to nine inorganics simulating environmental mixtures reported for sites along the San Juan River (Ojo Amarillo Canyon, Gallegos Canyon, Hogback East Drain, Mancos River, and McElmo Creek). Razorback suckers were significantly more sensitive to arsenate, selenate, selenite, Hogback East Drain mixture, and Ojo Amarillo Canyon mixture than were Colorado squawfish. For both species, the Gallegos Canyon mixture had synergistic toxicity, the Mancos River and McElmo Creek mixtures had additive toxicity, and the Ojo Amarillo Canyon mixture had antagonistic toxicity. The Hogback East Drain mixture had additive toxicity to Colorado squawfish, but synergistic toxicity to razorback suckers. The major toxic component in the five mixtures was copper. Comparison of biological effect concentrations (i.e., 96-h LC50) with environmental water concentrations from the San Juan River resulted in a ratio of <100, which revealed a high potential hazard for copper and all five environmental mixtures. The high hazard ratios suggest inorganic contaminants could adversely affect larval Colorado squawfish and razorback suckers in the San Juan River at sites receiving elevated inorganics such as from nonpoint discharges and irrigation return flows.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1098-2256(1997)12:3<195::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-3","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, S., and Buhl, K.J., 1997, Hazard assessment of inorganics, individually and in mixtures, to two endangered fish in the San Juan River, New Mexico: Environmental Toxicology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 195-209, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2256(1997)12:3<195::AID-TOX1>3.0.CO;2-3.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"209","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan River","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bcfe4b0b7ff9fb489bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002012,"text":"2002012 - 1997 - Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:40","indexId":"2002012","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"MMS 6-3","title":"Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill State/Federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment Final Report (Marine Mammal Study 6-3)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Ballachey, B.E., and Kloecker, K.A., 1997, Hydrocarbons in hair, livers, and intestines of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) found dead along the path of the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Report MMS 6-3.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94572,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/37889304.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a50e4b07f02db628f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":94814,"text":"94814 - 1997 - Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"94814","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Knutson, M.G., Hines, R.K., Sveum, C., and Korschgen, C.E., 1997, Field season report: Nesting success of passerine birds in the upper Mississippi River basin, floodplain and upland forests.","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f50a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutson, M. G.","contributorId":55375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knutson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sveum, C.M.","contributorId":25514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sveum","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019481,"text":"70019481 - 1997 - How wide is a road? The association of roads and mass-wasting in a forested montane environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-25T14:55:36","indexId":"70019481","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How wide is a road? The association of roads and mass-wasting in a forested montane environment","docAbstract":"

A spatial data base of 1609 landslides was analysed using a geographic information system to determine landslide frequency in relation to highways. A 126 km long transportation network in a 201km2 area of humid-tropical, mountainous, forested terrain in Puerto Rico was used in conjunction with a series of 20 buffer (disturbance) zones varying from 5 to 400m in length, measured perpendicular to the highways. Average landslide frequency in the study area at distances greater than 85m from roads was about six landslides per square kilometre. At distances of 85m or less on either side of a highway, landslide frequency was about 30 landslides per square kilometre. On average, this elevated disturbance rate affected 330m2km-2a-1 within the 170m swath. The mass-wasting rate outside of the disturbance zone affected 40m2km-2 a-1. These results indicate that the rate of mass-wasting disturbance is increased from five to eight times in a 170m wide swath along road corridors. The lateral extent of the environmental impact of roads in the study area is greater than is commonly perceived. The approach described herein demonstrates a simple method to assess the spatial association of mass-wasting with highways. ?? 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199709)22:9<835::AID-ESP782>3.0.CO;2-C","issn":"01979337","usgsCitation":"Larsen, M.C., and Parks, J., 1997, How wide is a road? The association of roads and mass-wasting in a forested montane environment: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 22, no. 9, p. 835-848, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199709)22:9<835::AID-ESP782>3.0.CO;2-C.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"848","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a326ee4b0c8380cd5e7d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, M. C.","contributorId":66287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, J.E.","contributorId":81539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019100,"text":"70019100 - 1997 - The effects of herbivory on neighbor interactions along a coastal marsh gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-24T10:57:20","indexId":"70019100","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of herbivory on neighbor interactions along a coastal marsh gradient","docAbstract":"

Many current theories of community function are based on the assumption that disturbances such as herbivory act to reduce the importance of neighbor interactions among plants. In this study, we examined the effects of herbivory (primarily by nutria, Myocastor coypus) on neighbor interactions between three dominant grasses in three coastal marsh communities, fresh, oligohaline, and mesohaline. The grasses studied were Panicum virgatum, Spartina patens, and Spartina alterniflora, which are dominant species in the fresh, oligohaline, and mesohaline marshes, respectively. Additive mixtures and monocultures of transplants were used in conjunction with exclosure fences to determine the impact of herbivory on neighbor interactions in the different marsh types. Herbivory had a strong effect on all three species and was important in all three marshes. In the absence of herbivores, the impact of neighbors was significant for two of the species (Panicum virgatum and Spartina patens) and varied considerably between environments, with competition intensifying for Panicum virgatum and decreasing for Spartina patens with increasing salinity. Indications of positive neighbor effects (mutualisms) were observed for both of these species, though in contrasting habitats and to differing degrees. In the presence of herbivores, however, competitive and positive effects were eliminated. Overall, then, it was observed that in this case, intense herbivory was able to override other biotic interactions such as competition and mutualism, which were not detectable in the presence of herbivores.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2445907","issn":"00029122","usgsCitation":"Taylor, K., Grace, J., and Marx, B., 1997, The effects of herbivory on neighbor interactions along a coastal marsh gradient: American Journal of Botany, v. 84, no. 5, p. 709-715, https://doi.org/10.2307/2445907.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"709","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Pearl River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.91348266601562,\n 30.161751648356894\n ],\n [\n -89.53170776367188,\n 30.161751648356894\n ],\n [\n -89.53170776367188,\n 30.725309888823382\n ],\n [\n -89.91348266601562,\n 30.725309888823382\n ],\n [\n -89.91348266601562,\n 30.161751648356894\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab81e4b08c986b322eba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, K.L.","contributorId":80021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grace, J.B. 0000-0001-6374-4726","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":38938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marx, B.D.","contributorId":74888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marx","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}