{"pageNumber":"3650","pageRowStart":"91225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019749,"text":"70019749 - 1997 - Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T23:14:08.080506","indexId":"70019749","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada","docAbstract":"<p>The Rocky Mountains in the USA and Canada encompass the interior cordillera of western North America, from the southern Yukon to northern New Mexico. Annual weather patterns are cold in winter and mild in summer. Precipitation has high seasonal and interannual variation and may differ by an order of magnitude between geographically close locales, depending on slope, aspect and local climatic and orographic conditions. The region's hydrology is characterized by the accumulation of winter snow, spring snowmelt and autumnal baseflows. During the 2–3-month ‘spring runoff’ period, rivers frequently discharge &gt; 70% of their annual water budget and have instantaneous discharges 10–100 times mean low flow.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<903::AID-HYP511>3.0.CO;2-7","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Hauer, F.R., Baron, J., Campbell, K., Fausch, K., Hostetler, S.W., Leavesley, G., Leavitt, P., McKnight, D.M., and Stanford, J.A., 1997, Assessment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 903-924, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<903::AID-HYP511>3.0.CO;2-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"903","endPage":"924","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228207,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee26e4b0c8380cd49bbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauer, F. Richard","contributorId":76892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fausch, K.D. 0000-0001-5825-7560","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-7560","contributorId":84097,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fausch","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hostetler, S. W. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":42911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leavitt, P.R.","contributorId":55982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavitt","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stanford, J. A.","contributorId":79643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70019750,"text":"70019750 - 1997 - Response of six species of Hawaiian forest birds to a 1991-1992 El Nino drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019750","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of six species of Hawaiian forest birds to a 1991-1992 El Nino drought","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00435643","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, G., Pratt, T., Reynolds, M., and Jacobi, J., 1997, Response of six species of Hawaiian forest birds to a 1991-1992 El Nino drought: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 109, no. 2, p. 339-343.","startPage":"339","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa6ae4b0c8380cd86305","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, G.D.","contributorId":75648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, M.H. 0000-0001-7253-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7253-8158","contributorId":64214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"M.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jacobi, J.D.","contributorId":13570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019751,"text":"70019751 - 1997 - Nutrient mass balance for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T23:14:47.514983","indexId":"70019751","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutrient mass balance for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1990","docAbstract":"A 1990 nitrogen and phosphorus mass balance calculated for eight National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) basins in the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin indicated the importance of agricultural nonpoint sources of nitrogen and phosphorus and watershed nitrogen retention and processing capabilities. Basin total nitrogen and phosphorus input estimates were calculated for atmospheric deposition (which averaged 27 percent of total nitrogen inputs and 22 percent of total phosphorus inputs); crop fertilizer (27 and 25 percent); animal-waste (22 and 50 percent, respectively); point sources (3 percent each of total nitrogen and total phosphorus inputs); and biological nitrogen fixation (21 percent of total nitrogen inputs). Highest in-stream nitrogen and phosphorus loads were measured in predominantly agricultural drainage areas. Intermediate loads were observed in mixed agricultural/urban drainage areas; the lowest loads were measured in mixed agricultural/forested drainage areas. The difference between the sum of the nutrient input categories and the sum of the instream nutrient loads and crop-harvest nutrient removal was assigned to a residual category for the basin. The residual category averaged 51 percent of total nitrogen inputs and 54 percent of total phosphorus inputs.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03533.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McMahon, G., and Woodside, M.D., 1997, Nutrient mass balance for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1990: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 3, p. 573-590, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03533.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"573","endPage":"590","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a698ce4b0c8380cd73dae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, G.","contributorId":87263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodside, M. D.","contributorId":98722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodside","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019752,"text":"70019752 - 1997 - Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:46:22.551388","indexId":"70019752","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States","docAbstract":"<div id=\"130405104\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Measurements of the Fourier amplitude spectra of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases recorded at high frequency (0.5 to 14.0 Hz) by broadband seismic stations are used to determine regional attenuation relationships for southern California, the Basin and Range Province, the central United States, and the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Fourier spectral amplitudes were measured every quarter octave from<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases windowed between 3.0 and 3.7 km sec<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and recorded in the distance range of 150 to 1000 km. Attenuation at each frequency is determined by assuming a geometrical spreading exponent of 0.5 and inverting for<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and source and receiver terms. Both southern California and the Basin and Range Province are well described by low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and frequency-dependent attenuation.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes in southern California are fit at low frequencies (0.625 to 0.875 Hz) by a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 224 and by a frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>function<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 187<sub>−7</sub><sup>+7</sup><i>f</i><sup>0.55(±0.03)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the frequency band 1.0 to 7.0 Hz. The Basin and Range Province is characterized by a constant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 192 for frequencies of 0.5 to 0.875 Hz and by the frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>function<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 235<sub>−11</sub><sup>+11</sup><i>f</i><sup>0.56(±0.04)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in the frequency band 1.0 to 5.0 Hz. A change in frequency dependence above 5.0 Hz is possible due to contamination of the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>window by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Sn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>phases.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes in the central United States are fit by a mean frequency-independent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of 1291 for frequencies of 1.5 to 7.0 Hz, while a frequency-dependent<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Q</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1052<sub>−83</sub><sup>+91</sup>(<i>f</i>/1.5)<sup>0.22(±0.06)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>fits the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lg</i><span>&nbsp;</span>spectral amplitudes for the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada over the passband 1.5 to 14.0 Hz. Attenuation measurements for these areas were restricted to frequencies &gt;1.5 Hz due to larger microseismic noise levels at the lower frequencies.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870030606","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Benz, H., Frankel, A., and Boore, D., 1997, Regional Lg attenuation for the continental United States: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 3, p. 606-619, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870030606.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n 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             -102.48,\n                29.76\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.11,\n                28.97\n              ],\n              [\n                -103.94,\n                29.27\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.45697,\n                29.57196\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.70575,\n                30.12173\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.03737,\n                30.64402\n              ],\n              [\n                -105.63159,\n                31.08383\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.1429,\n                31.39995\n              ],\n              [\n                -106.50759,\n                31.75452\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24,\n                31.75485\n              ],\n              [\n                -108.24194,\n                31.34222\n              ],\n              [\n                -109.035,\n                31.34194\n              ],\n              [\n                -111.02361,\n                31.33472\n              ],\n              [\n                -113.30498,\n                32.03914\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.815,\n                32.52528\n              ],\n              [\n                -114.72139,\n                32.72083\n              ],\n              [\n                -115.99135,\n                32.61239\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.12776,\n                32.53534\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.29594,\n                33.04622\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.944,\n                33.62124\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.4106,\n                33.74091\n              ],\n              [\n                -118.51989,\n                34.02778\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.081,\n                34.078\n              ],\n              [\n                -119.43884,\n                34.34848\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.36778,\n                34.44711\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.62286,\n                34.60855\n              ],\n              [\n                -120.74433,\n                35.15686\n              ],\n              [\n                -121.71457,\n                36.16153\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.54747,\n                37.55176\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.51201,\n                37.78339\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.95319,\n                38.11371\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.7272,\n                38.95166\n              ],\n              [\n                -123.86517,\n                39.76699\n              ],\n              [\n                -124.39807,\n                40.3132\n              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[\n                -122.58736,\n                47.096\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.34,\n                47.36\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.5,\n                48.18\n              ],\n              [\n                -122.84,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -120,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -117.03121,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -116.04818,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -113,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -110.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -107.05,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -104.04826,\n                48.99986\n              ],\n              [\n                -100.65,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -97.22872,\n                49.0007\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15907,\n                49\n              ],\n              [\n                -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a489e4b0e8fec6cdbb7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benz, H.M.","contributorId":21594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019586,"text":"70019586 - 1997 - Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T12:50:35","indexId":"70019586","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies","docAbstract":"Sediment cores were collected from lakes in the Devils Lake Basin in North Dakota to determine if mercury (Hg) accumulation chronologies from sediment-core data are good indicators of variations in Hg accumulation rates in saline lakes. Sediment cores from Creel Bay and Main Bay, Devils Lake were selected for detailed analysis and interpretation. The maximum Hg concentration in the Creel Bay core was 0.15 micrograms per gram at 8 to 9 centimeters. The maximum Hg concentration in the Main Bay core was 0.07 micrograms per gram at 5 to 7 centimeters. The general decreases in Hg concentrations with depth are attributed to historic variations in atmospheric Hg deposition rate. Hg stratigraphies combined with 210Pb and 137Cs dating analyses yield Hg chronologies that indicate a general increase in Hg accumulation rates in Devils Lake since the middle of the 19th century. Mean modern Hg accumulation rates in Creel Bay were 4.9 nanograms per square centimeter per year, and rates in Main Bay were 1.8 nanograms per square centimeter per year. Mean preindustrial Hg accumulation rates in Creel Bay were 1.2 nanograms per square centimeter per year, and rates in Main Bay were 1.6 nanograms per square centimeter per year. Relatively low Hg concentrations in recent sediments in the Devils Lake Basin, along with similarities in Hg accumulation rates between lakes in the Devils Lake Basin and other lakes in the northern interior of North America, indicate that local sources of Hg are not important sources of Hg. Results of the study indicate that accurate Hg chronologies are discernible in sediment cores collected from saline lakes. However, spatial and temporal variations in lake level and water chemistry common to saline lakes make interpretation of radioisotopic and geochemical chronologies difficult. Hg geochemistry in Devils Lake, and presumably in other saline lakes, is dynamic. The results of this study indicate that the absolute amount of sediment transported to Devils Lake, along with the associated Hg and total organic carbon, and the distribution of sedimentation patterns in Devils Lake may be affected by changing lake levels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF02047039","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Lent, R., and Alexander, C.R., 1997, Mercury accumulation in Devils Lake, North Dakota effects of environmental variation in closed-basin lakes on mercury chronologies: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 98, no. 3-4, p. 275-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02047039.","startPage":"275","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267629,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02047039"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a53cfe4b0c8380cd6cd12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":88855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":93731,"text":"93731 - 1997 - Use of remote-sensing techniques to survey the physical habitat of large rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:06:17","indexId":"93731","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Use of remote-sensing techniques to survey the physical habitat of large rivers","docAbstract":"Remote-sensing techniques that can be used to quantitatively characterize the physical habitat in large rivers in the United States where traditional survey approaches typically used in small- and medium-sized streams and rivers would be ineffective or impossible to apply.  The state-of-the-art remote-sensing technologies that we discuss here include side-scan sonar, RoxAnn, acoustic Doppler current profiler, remotely operated vehicles and camera systems, global positioning systems, and laser level survey systems.  The use of these technologies will permit the collection of information needed to create computer visualizations and hard copy maps and generate quantitative databases that can be used in real-time mode in the field to characterize the physical habitat at a study location of interest and to guide the distribution of sampling effort needed to address other habitat-related study objectives.  This report augments habitat sampling and characterization guidance provided by Meador et al. (1993) and is intended for use primarily by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment program managers and scientists who are documenting water quality in streams and rivers of the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","doi":"10.3133/93731","usgsCitation":"Edsall, T.A., Behrendt, T.E., Cholwek, G., Frey, J.W., Kennedy, G.W., and Smith, S.B., 1997, Use of remote-sensing techniques to survey the physical habitat of large rivers, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/93731.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"29","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93731/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272660,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/93731/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858a9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505145,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, Thomas E.","contributorId":9199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505142,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cholwek, Gary","contributorId":53326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cholwek","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505144,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frey, Jeffrey W. 0000-0002-3453-5009 jwfrey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-5009","contributorId":487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwfrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505140,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505141,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Stephen B.","contributorId":14765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505143,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":297840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, Thomas E.","contributorId":9199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cholwek, Gary","contributorId":53326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cholwek","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frey, Jeffery W.","contributorId":104426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frey","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kennedy, Gregory W. 0000-0003-1686-6960 gkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-6960","contributorId":3700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Gregory","email":"gkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Stephen B.","contributorId":14765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":95386,"text":"95386 - 1997 - Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:55","indexId":"95386","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment; Volume 6","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials; ASTM STP 1317","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","collaboration":"97-004/FH","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Fournie, J., and Weeks-Perkins, B.A., 1997, Macrophage aggregates: biomarker for immune function in fishes?, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment; Volume 6, p. 360-375.","productDescription":"p. 360-375","startPage":"360","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491df","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505625,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doane, T.R.","contributorId":113893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doane","given":"T.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505627,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinman, M.L.","contributorId":112444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinman","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505626,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weeks-Perkins, B. A.","contributorId":15953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks-Perkins","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":95365,"text":"95365 - 1997 - Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T16:45:04.469036","indexId":"95365","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective","docAbstract":"<p>Management of imperiled mammals associated with aquatic ecosystems in the southeastern United States ranges from almost no management for some species to intensive, high-profile programs for others. Aquatic mammals are notoriously difficult to census because they are often secretive, trap-wary, relatively rare, or have extensive movement patterns. As a result, conservation efforts aimed at these animals often have been greatly hampered by a general lack of comprehensive population data. Historically, certain high-profile, \"flagship\" species have been the primary beneficiaries of management efforts. One of the earliest examples involves beaver,&nbsp;<i>Castor canadensis</i>, which had been reduced to a low ebb due to unregulated harvest and were subsequently live-trapped by state game officials in the 1940s and repatriated throughout the southeastern states. The success of this restocking program has exceeded expectations, and today beaver numbers have reached what many consider to be nuisance proportions in most states. Similar restocking stories can be told for muskrats (<i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>) and, to a limited extent, for river otters (<i>Lutra canadensis</i>).</p>\n<p>Unfortunately, other imperiled species of lesser economic or recreational value have not been as fortunate. Efforts to conserve these lower-profile species have been minimal or conservation problems so immense that their complete recovery has been unsuccessful. Wilson (1992) suggested that 20 percent of all species on earth may be lost to extinction in the next four decades. If this disaster should occur, it would rival the greatest geological extinction episodes. Certainly, conservationists need to explore new methods for preserving mammalian diversity.</p>\n<p>In this chapter we will discuss the resource management history of aquatic mammals which are imperiled in the Southeast. In doing so we define an aquatic mammal as any mammal that is directly or indirectly associated with aquatic ecosystems. Imperiled mammals are any mammalian species, subspecies, or population listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern on any state or federal list, and also includes mammals experiencing long-term population declines or significant range contractions.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic fauna in peril: The southeastern perspective (Southeast Aquatic Research Institute special publication, 1)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lenz Design and Communications","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Harvey, M.J., 1997, Imperiled mammalian fauna of aquatic ecosystems in the Southeast: A management perspective, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Aquatic fauna in peril: The southeastern perspective (Southeast Aquatic Research Institute special publication, 1), p. 357-374.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"374","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320343,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sherpaguides.com/southeast/aquatic_fauna/chapter_15/index.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f84f4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Benz, G.W.","contributorId":113128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, D.E.","contributorId":112270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505565,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, M. J.","contributorId":60148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70188707,"text":"70188707 - 1997 - Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-04T00:23:20","indexId":"70188707","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5435,"text":"Economic Geology Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Placer gold and precious metal-bearing lode deposits of southwestern Alaska lie within a region 550 by 350 km, herein referred to as the Kuskokwim mineral belt. This mineral belt has yielded 100,240 kg (3.22 Moz) of gold, 12, 813 kg (412,000 oz) of silver, 1,377,412 kg (39,960 flasks) of mercury, and modest amounts of antimony and tungsten derived primarily from the late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of four major types: (1) alkali-calcic, comagmatic volcanic-plutonic complexes and isolated plutons, (2) calc-alkaline, meta-aluminous reduced plutons, (3) peraluminous alaskite or granite-porphyry sills and dike swarms, and (4) andesite-rhyolite subaerial volcanic rocks.</p><p>About 80 percent of the 77 to 52 Ma intrusive and volcanic rocks intrude or overlie the middle to Upper Cretaceous Kuskokwim Group sedimentary and volcanic rocks, as well as the Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks of the Nixon Fork, Innoko, Goodnews, and Ruby preaccretionary terranes.</p><p>The major precious metal-bearing deposit types related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are subdivided as follows: (1) plutonic-hosted copper-gold polymetallic stockwork, skarn, and vein deposits, (2) peraluminous granite-porphory-hosted gold polymetallic deposits, (3) plutonic-related, boron-enriched silver-tin polymetallic breccia pipes and replacement deposits, (4) gold and silver mineralization in epithermal systems, and (5) gold polymetallic heavy mineral placer deposits. Ten deposits genetically related to Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary intrusions contain minimum, inferred reserves amounting to 162,572 kg (5.23 Moz) of gold, 201,015 kg (6.46 Moz) silver, 12,160 metric tons (t) of tin, and 28,088 t of copper.</p><p>The lodes occur in veins, stockworks, breccia pipes, and replacement deposits that formed in epithermal to mesothermal temperature-pressure conditions. Fluid inclusion, isotopic age, mineral assemblage, alteration assemblage, and structural data indicate that many of the mineral deposits associated with Late Cretaceous-early tertiary volcanic and plutonic rocks represent geologically and spatially related, vertically zoned hydrothermal systems now exposed at several erosional levels.</p><p>Polymetallic gold deposits of the Kuskokwim mineral belt are probably related to 77 to 52 Ma plutonism and volcanism associated with a period of rapid, north-directed subduction of the Kula plate. The geologic interpretation suggests that igneous complexes of the Kuskokwim mineral belt formed in an intracontinental back-arc setting during a period of extensional, wrench fault tectonics.</p><p>The Kuskokwim mineral belt has many geologic and metallogenic features similar to other precious metal-bearing systems associated with arc-related igneous rocks such as the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Rocky Mountain alkalic province, the Jurassic Mount Milligan district of central British Columbia, the Andean orogen of South America, and the Okhotsk-Chukotka belt of northeast Asia.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Economic Geology Publishing Company","isbn":"978-1-629495-56-9","usgsCitation":"Bundtzen, T., and Miller, M.L., 1997, Precious metals associated with Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary igneous rocks of southwestern Alaska, chap. <i>of</i> Mineral Deposits of Alaska (Economic Geology Monographs, volume 9): Economic Geology Monographs, v. 9, p. 242-286.","productDescription":"47 p.","startPage":"242","endPage":"286","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.segweb.org/store/detail.aspx?id=EDOCMONO09"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kuskokwim mineral belt","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              58.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              58.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -158,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              60.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -155,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -162,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382b9e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":698981,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Lance D.","contributorId":30287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Lance","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698982,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Bundtzen, Thomas K.","contributorId":83560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"Thomas K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015649,"text":"1015649 - 1997 - [Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T09:43:11","indexId":"1015649","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk","docAbstract":"Review of: Wild Otters, Predation and Populations. By Hans Kruuk. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y., USA. 1995. xi + 290pp., 10 chapters, references, index. $55.00 IBSN 0-19-854070-1 (cloth).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1997, [Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 984-986.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"984","endPage":"986","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3802216"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c72a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014902,"text":"1014902 - 1997 - The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:47:55","indexId":"1014902","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-044/TF","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and McCormick, S., 1997, The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 1, p. 182-189.","productDescription":"p. 182-189","startPage":"182","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1015675,"text":"1015675 - 1997 - Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T20:38:07","indexId":"1015675","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2082,"text":"International Journal of Wilderness","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous","docAbstract":"<p>Wilderness is vital to the conservation of wildlife species that are prone to conflict with humans and vulnerable to human-caused mortality. These species tend to be large and are often carnivorous. Such animals are typically problematic for humans because they kill livestock and, occasionally, humans, and cause inordinate damage to crops. The vulnerability of large herbivores and carnivores to humans is exacerbated by vigorous markets for wild meat and other body parts, widespread human poverty, and human societies prone to the breakdown of civil order. The survival of wilderness-dependent wildlife is thus not only linked to the preservation of extensive wilderness but is also affected by the health of human societies. Because overt intervention has limited uses in the preservation of wilderness-dependent wildlife, these animals pose a special problem for humanity. Their survival requires that we forgo domination of a substantial portion of the remaining wildlands on Earth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"WILD Foundation","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., 1997, Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous: International Journal of Wilderness, v. 3, no. 4, p. 34-38.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ijw.org/december-1997/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2766.000000000000000"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008602,"text":"1008602 - 1997 - Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels <i>Amblema</i> and <i>Megalonaias</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:46:12","indexId":"1008602","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels <i>Amblema</i> and <i>Megalonaias</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Freshwater bivalves are among the most endangered groups of organisms in North America. Efforts to protect the declining mussel fauna are confounded by ambiguities associated with recognition of distinct evolutionary entities or species. This, in part, is due to the paucity of reliable morphological characters for differentiating taxa. We have employed allozymes and DNA sequence data to search for diagnosably distinct evolutionary entities within two problematic genera of unionid mussels, Amblema and Megalonaias. Within the genus Amblema three species are recognized based on our DNA sequence data for the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and allozyme data (Amblema neislerii, A. plicata, and A. elliotti). Only one taxonomically distinct entity is recognized within the genus Megalonaias&mdash;M. nervosa. Megalonaias boykiniana of the Apalachicolan Region is not diagnosable and does not warrant specific taxonomic status. Interestingly, Megalonaias from west of the Mississippi River, including the Mississippi, exhibited an allozyme and mtDNA haplotype frequency shift suggestive of an east-west dichotomy. The results of this study eliminate one subspecies of Amblema and increase the range of A. plicata. This should not affect the conservation status of &ldquo;currently stable&rdquo; assigned to A. plicata by Williams et al. (1993). The conservation status of A. elliotti needs to be reexamined because its distribution appears to be limited to the Coosa River System in Alabama and Georgia.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Willey","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95487.x","usgsCitation":"Mulvey, M., Lydeard, C., Pyer, D., Hicks, K., Brim-Box, J., Williams, J., and Butler, R., 1997, Conservation genetics of North American freshwater mussels <i>Amblema</i> and <i>Megalonaias</i>: Conservation Biology, v. 11, no. 4, p. 868-878, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95487.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"868","endPage":"878","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a30d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulvey, M.","contributorId":48899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lydeard, C.","contributorId":40173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lydeard","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyer, D.L.","contributorId":60591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hicks, K.M.","contributorId":101234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brim-Box, J.","contributorId":37695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Butler, R.S.","contributorId":16774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butler","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1004020,"text":"1004020 - 1997 - Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:23:35","indexId":"1004020","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific","docAbstract":"<p>We describe a new species of piroplasm from brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. Mean parasitemia in adults and chicks was less than 1%, with the parasitemia in chicks significantly greater than in adults. There was no significant relation between the age of chicks and the degree of parasitemia. Parasitized red cells and red cell nuclei were significantly smaller than those of unparasitized cells, and infected birds appeared clinically normal. Prevalence of the parasite in chicks (54%) was significantly greater than in adults (13%), and the geographic distribution of parasitized chicks was skewed toward the eastern end of Sand Island. On the basis of morphologic characteristics, we named it Babesia poelea. The specific name is a concatenation of the Hawaiian names for dark (po'ele) and booby ('a). This is the second documentation of an endemic avian hemoparasite in seabirds from the central Pacific.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.2307/3284253","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., and Rameyer, R., 1997, Description and epizootiology of Babesia poelea n. sp. in brown boobies (Sula leucogaster (Boddaert)) on Sand Island, Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific: Journal of Parasitology, v. 83, no. 4, p. 734-738, https://doi.org/10.2307/3284253.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"734","endPage":"738","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3284253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Johnston Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -169.56058502197266,\n              16.71052058261123\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.5568084716797,\n              16.730742195167586\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.55294609069824,\n              16.738632974391997\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.54092979431152,\n              16.752769803087457\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.52960014343262,\n              16.765261940653513\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.51483726501465,\n              16.770850262916724\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.50608253479004,\n              16.77446614862232\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.50204849243164,\n              16.777588903650855\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.4965553283691,\n              16.779807672095146\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.49252128601074,\n              16.780711607367206\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.48960304260254,\n              16.781615538338865\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.48505401611328,\n              16.78120466115759\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.48076248168942,\n              16.77627406568194\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.47861671447754,\n              16.769617558888797\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.4747543334961,\n              16.76460448017899\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.47338104248047,\n              16.755399794941262\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.47509765625,\n              16.74833160943288\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.49174880981445,\n              16.736002750956754\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.50316429138184,\n              16.721453671888803\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.50531005859375,\n              16.714877452674305\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.5183563232422,\n              16.70928748811859\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.53286170959473,\n              16.709616314095587\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.54633712768555,\n              16.70994513950609\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.56058502197266,\n              16.71052058261123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"83","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rameyer, Robert 0000-0002-2145-1746 bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2145-1746","contributorId":150128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rameyer","given":"Robert","email":"bob_rameyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004133,"text":"1004133 - 1997 - Acanthocephala of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:09:20","indexId":"1004133","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acanthocephala of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in North America","docAbstract":"<p>Examination of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) collected from several locations in North America contributed new information concerning the acanthocephalan fauna of this host. Representatives of Arythmorhynchus brevis, representing a new host record, were collected from eagles in Florida, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin. Plagiorhynchus sp. was collected from an eagle in Florida. Corynosoma strumosum was collected from an eagle in Alaska. Andracantha phalacrocoracis, representing a new host record, was collected from an eagle in Alaska. Southwellina hispida, representing a new host record, was collected from eagles in Maine and Virginia. The occurrence of gravid or mature females of A. brevis, Plagiorhynchus sp., and S. hispida suggests that the bald eagle may serve as a competent definitive host for these species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Parasitologists","doi":"10.2307/3284428","usgsCitation":"Richardson, D., and Cole, R.A., 1997, Acanthocephala of the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in North America: Journal of Parasitology, v. 83, no. 3, p. 540-541, https://doi.org/10.2307/3284428.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486810,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3284428","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":1015920,"text":"1015920 - 1997 - Spatial use and habitat selection of golden eagles in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:52:26","indexId":"1015920","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial use and habitat selection of golden eagles in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured spatial use and habitat selection of radio-tagged Golden Eagles (<i>Aquila chrysaetos</i>) at eight to nine territories each year from 1992 to 1994 in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area. Use of space did not vary between years or sexes, but did vary among seasons (home ranges and travel distances were larger during the nonbreeding than during the breeding season) and among individuals. Home ranges were large, ranging from 190 to 8,330 ha during the breeding season and from 1,370 to 170,000 ha outside of the breeding season, but activity was concentrated in small core areas of 30 to 1,535 ha and 485 to 6,380 ha during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons, respectively. Eagles selected shrub habitats and avoided disturbed areas, grasslands, and agriculture. This resulted in selection for habitat likely to contain their principal prey, black-tailed jackrabbits (<i>Lepus californicus</i>). Individuals with home ranges in extensive shrubland (n = 3) did not select for shrubs in the placement of their core areas or foraging points, but individuals in highly fragmented or dispersed shrublands (n = 5) concentrated their activities and foraged preferentially in jackrabbit habitats (i.e. areas with abundant and large shrub patches). As home ranges expanded outside of the breeding season, individuals selected jackrabbit habitats within their range. Shrubland fragmentation should be minimized so that remaining shrub patches are large enough to support jackrabbits.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089287","usgsCitation":"Marzluff, J., Knick, S.T., Vekasy, M., Schueck, L., and Zarriello, T., 1997, Spatial use and habitat selection of golden eagles in southwestern Idaho: The Auk, v. 114, no. 4, p. 673-687, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089287.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"687","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089287","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzluff, J.M.","contributorId":15152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzluff","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vekasy, M.S.","contributorId":70345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vekasy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schueck, Linda S. 0000-0003-0456-1131 lschueck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-1131","contributorId":48516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schueck","given":"Linda S.","email":"lschueck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zarriello, T.J.","contributorId":15153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1004116,"text":"1004116 - 1997 - Is your bird feeder safe?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-22T12:51:31","indexId":"1004116","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1047,"text":"Bird Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is your bird feeder safe?","docAbstract":"<p>Bird feeding is a popular activity for millions of Americans. Some of our favorite bird species commonly visit bird feeders and these stations may be an important factor in their well-being during some segments of their life-cycle. However, poorly maintained feeding stations may contribute to the occurrence of infectious disease and mortality. In recent years there have been unprecedented reports of songbird mortality events and the occurrence of a previously unreported disease in songbirds. The National Wildlife Health Center of the U.S. Geological Survey conducts research on diseases in wildlife, their causes, and means of preventing or reducing disease outbreaks.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bird Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ruth, J., and Friend, M., 1997, Is your bird feeder safe?: Bird Conservation, no. 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,{"id":1004060,"text":"1004060 - 1997 - Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:39:14.018687","indexId":"1004060","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. infections in green turtles, <i>Chelonia mydas</i>, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","title":"Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands","docAbstract":"<p>For the first time, <i>Cryptosporidium</i> sp. oocysts were identified in fecal and intestinal samples from free-ranging marine turtles, <i>Chelonia mydas</i>, from the Hawaiian Islands. The oocysts produced positive reactions with commercial test kits recommended for the detection of human-infectious waterborne oocysts of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.63.7.2925-2927.1997","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, T., Balazs, G., Work, T.M., Aguirre, A., Ellis, D., Murakawa, S.K., and Morris, R., 1997, Cryptosporidium sp. infections in green turtles, Chelonia mydas, as a potential source of marine waterborne oocysts in the Hawaiian Islands: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 63, no. 7, p. 2925-2927, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.7.2925-2927.1997.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"2925","endPage":"2927","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":94809,"text":"94809 - 1997 - Least tern (Sterna antillarum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"94809","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Least tern (Sterna antillarum)","docAbstract":"This species account discusses: distinguishing characteristics, distribution, systematics, migration, habitat, food habits, vocalizations, behavior (locomotion, maintenance, agonistic, sexual, social, interspecific), breeding (phenology, nest site, nest, eggs, incubation, development of the young, parental care), demography and populations (life span, mortality, dispersal and philopatry, population status), conservation and management, plumages and molt, and measurements. There is also a bibliography which lists key references for additional information. (DBO)","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Birds of North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academy of Natural Sciences","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Thompson, B., Jackson, J., Burger, J., Hill, L., Kirsch, E., and Atwood, J., 1997, Least tern (Sterna antillarum), v. 290, 32 pp.","productDescription":"32 pp","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"290","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, B.C.","contributorId":102433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, J.J.","contributorId":92393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, L.A.","contributorId":29540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirsch, E.M.","contributorId":87486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atwood, J.L.","contributorId":106611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1015916,"text":"1015916 - 1997 - Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T13:15:34","indexId":"1015916","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"We developed a multivariate description of black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) habitat associations from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) signatures surrounding known jackrabbit locations in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA), in southwestern Idaho. Habitat associations were determined for characteristics within a 1-km radius (approx home range size) of jackrabbits sighted on night spotlight surveys conducted from 1987 through 1995. Predictive habitat variables were number of shrub, agriculture, and hydrography cells, mean and standard deviation of shrub patch size, habitat richness, and a measure of spatial heterogeneity. In winter, jackrabbits used smaller and less variable sizes of shrub patches and areas of higher spatial heterogeneity when compared to summer observations (P < 0.05). During the low population phase, jackrabbits also used agricultural regions more during winter than summer. The association with agricultural regions was emphasized spatially in a GIS map contrasting winter and summer periods. Multivariate habitat means (P < 0.001), but not individual GIS variables (P > 0.05), differed significantly between high and low population phase. We used the Mahalanobis distance statistic to rank all 50-m cells in a 440,000-ha region relative to the multivariate mean habitat vector. On verification surveys to test predicted models, we sighted jackrabbits in areas ranked close to the mean habitat vector. Areas burned by large-scale fires between 1980 and 1992 or in an area repeatedly burned by military training activities had greater Mahalanobis distances from the mean habitat vector than unburned areas and were less likely to contain habitats used by jackrabbits.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802416","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., and Dyer, D., 1997, Distribution of black-tailed jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in southwestern Idaho: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 75-85, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyer, D.L.","contributorId":87900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyer","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182194,"text":"70182194 - 1997 - The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:04:09","indexId":"70182194","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots from the Vexar</span><sup>®</sup><span> tubes used to protect seedlings from pocket gopher damage were studied in the Targhee National Forest, Idaho and the Deschutes National Forest, Oregon. At each site, Vexar-protected and unprotected seedlings, with and without above-ground gopher damage were examined after six growing seasons for root deformities and growth. Undamaged seedlings exhibited greater growth, reflecting the importance of non-lethal gopher damage as a deterrent to tree growth. Protected seedlings with similar damage history as unprotected seedlings had greater root depth than unprotected seedlings, although unprotected seedlings with no above-ground damage generally had the greatest root weight. In general, the percent of seedlings with root deformities was greater for the unprotected seedlings than for the Vexar-protectd seedlings, although this could be largely due to the greater care required to plant protected seedlings. Acute deformities were more common for unprotected seedlings, whereas root deformities with less severe bending were more common for protected seedlings. The incidence of crossed roots was similar for protected and unprotected seedlings on the Deschutes site, where enough occurrences of this deformity permitted analyses. Protected seedlings were similar in root abundance, root distribution, root size and vigor to the unprotected seedlings, with some indication from the Deshutes study site that root distribution was improved with Vexar protection.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00064-6","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Anthony, R.M., Krupa, H.W., and Evans, J., 1997, The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots: Crop Protection, v. 16, no. 1, p. 57-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00064-6.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Targhee National Forest, Deschutes National Forest","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, James","contributorId":83570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180257,"text":"70180257 - 1997 - Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T12:40:56","indexId":"70180257","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Schrock, R., Beeman, J., Haner, P., Hans, K., Hotchkiss, J., Sauter, S., Vanderkooi, S., and Maule, A., 1997, Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997, 69 p. .","productDescription":"69 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hans, K.","contributorId":178742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hans","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hotchkiss, J.","contributorId":178743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauter, S.","contributorId":178496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sauter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanderkooi, S.","contributorId":178744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":96762,"text":"96762 - 1997 - Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. Third annual progress report, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"96762","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. Third annual progress report, 1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., and Beck, P., 1997, Neotropical migratory bird monitoring study at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. Third annual progress report, 1997, 29 p.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"29","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, P.P.","contributorId":8406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"P.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":300212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70181843,"text":"70181843 - 1997 - Winter activity patterns of American martens (<i>Martes americana</i>): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T15:30:29","indexId":"70181843","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter activity patterns of American martens (<i>Martes americana</i>): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (</span><i>Martes americana</i><span>) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989–1990 and 1990–1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity of 7 martens. A log-linear model suggested that the presence or absence of light was the only factor associated with marten activity patterns (</span><i>p</i><span> &lt; 0.001). A regression of the percentage of active fixes on ambient temperature failed to detect an association (</span><i>b</i><span> = −4.45, </span><i>p</i><span> = 0.084, </span><i>n</i><span> = 12). Contents of marten scats suggested that their activity was consistent with the prey-vulnerability hypothesis. While martens must balance multiple life requisites, their activity patterns suggest that they accept increased thermal costs in order to increase foraging efficiency. However, the nocturnal activity of martens during winter was also consistent with the hypothesis that they may be able to limit their own exposure to predation risk. The nocturnal habits of Newfoundland martens in the winter were consistent with the hypothesis of avoidance of predation risk.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z97-103","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., and Bissonette, J.A., 1997, Winter activity patterns of American martens (<i>Martes americana</i>): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 812-816, https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-103.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","otherGeospatial":"Pine Marten Study Area","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42547e4b0c825128ad4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182192,"text":"70182192 - 1997 - Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:05:44","indexId":"70182192","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effects of vegetation management on northern pocket gopher (</span><i>Thomomys talpoides</i><span>) activity and damage to lodgepole pine (</span><i>Pinus contorta</i><span>) seedlings were studied using 2,4-D herbicide to alter the habitat. Treatments were applied to a large (8.1 ha) treatment unit and observed effects were compared with an untreated control unit of the same size. The greatly reduced forb and grass cover on the treated unit was associated with a corresponding decrease in pocket gopher activity that persisted for 6 years after initial treatment. Times until seedlings first incurred gopher damage and overall survival of seedlings were greatly increased on the treated unit.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elxevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00022-7","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Barnes, V.G., Anthony, R.M., and Krupa, H.W., 1997, Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers: Crop Protection, v. 16, no. 5, p. 407-410, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00022-7.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"410","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes National Forest","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Richard M.","contributorId":181903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
]}