Roof successions above two coal seams from the Mansfield Formation (Lower Pennsylvanian) in the Indiana portion of the Illinois Basin have been studied with regard to sedimentary structures, organic petrology and organic geochemistry. The succession above the Blue Creek Member of the Mansfield Formation is typical of the lithologies covering low-sulphur coals (< 1%) in the area studied, whereas the succession above the unnamed Mansfield coal is typical of high-sulphur coals (>2.%). The transgressive-regressive packages above both seams reflect the periodic inundation of coastal mires by tidal flats and creeks as inferred from bioturbation and sedimentary structures such as tidal rhythmites and clay-draped ripple bedforms. Geochemistry and petrology of organic facies above the Blue Creek coal suggest that tidal flats formed inland in fresh-water environments. These overlying fresh water sediments prevented saline waters from invading the peat, contributing to low-sulphur content in the coal. Above the unnamed coal, trace fossils and geochemical and petrological characteristics of organic facies suggest more unrestricted seaward depositional environment. The absence of saline or typically marine biomarkers above this coal is interpreted as evidence of very short periods of marine transgression, as there was not enough time for establishment of the precursor organisms for marine biomarkers. However, sufficient time passed to raise SO42− concentration in pore waters, resulting in the formation of authigenic pyrite and sulphur incorparation into organic matter.
Lake level is a primary control on shoreline behavior in Lake Michigan. The historical record from lake-level gauges is the most accurate source of information on past lake levels, but the short duration of the record does not permit the recognition of long-term patterns of lake-level change (longer than a decade or two). To extend the record of lake-level change, the internal architecture and timing of development of five strand plains of late Holocene beach ridges along the Lake Michigan coastline were studied. Relative lake-level curves for each site were constructed by determining the elevation of foreshore (swash zone) sediments in the beach ridges and by dating basal wetland sediments in the swales between ridges. These curves detect long-term (30+ yr) lake-level variations and differential isostatic adjustments over the past 4700 yr at a greater resolution than achieved by other studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0666:SPEFLH>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., and Baedke, S., 1997, Strand-plain evidence for late Holocene lake-level variations in Lake Michigan: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 6, p. 666-682, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0666:SPEFLH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.57368963464215,\n 40.74327503710697\n ],\n [\n -84.03658025964224,\n 40.74327503710697\n ],\n [\n -84.03658025964224,\n 46.40393981670465\n ],\n [\n -89.57368963464215,\n 46.40393981670465\n ],\n [\n -89.57368963464215,\n 40.74327503710697\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b989ce4b08c986b31c0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019685,"text":"70019685 - 1997 - Coseismic deformation during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and range-front thrusting along the southwestern margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-24T21:13:50.60137","indexId":"70019685","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic deformation during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and range-front thrusting along the southwestern margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"Damage patterns caused by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake along the southwestern margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California, form three zones that coincide with mapped and inferred traces of range-front thrust faults northeast of the San Andreas fault. Damage in these zones was largely contractional, consistent with past displacement associated with these faults. The damage zones coincide with gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies; modeling of the anomalies defines a southwest-dipping thrust fault that places the Franciscan Complex over Cenozoic sedimentary rocks to minimum depths of 2 km. Diffuse Loma Prieta earthquake aftershocks encompass the downward projection of this modeled thrust to depths of 9 km. Our results indicate that in this region the potential for concentrated damage arising from either primary deformation along the thrust faults themselves or by sympathetic motion triggered by earthquakes on the San Andreas fault may be higher than previously recognized.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<1091:CDDTLP>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Schmidt, K., and Jachens, R., 1997, Coseismic deformation during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and range-front thrusting along the southwestern margin of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geology, v. 25, no. 12, p. 1091-1094, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<1091:CDDTLP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1091","endPage":"1094","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 36.27527883184338\n ],\n [\n -120.91552734375,\n 38.42347008084991\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 38.42347008084991\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 36.27527883184338\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5be4b0c8380cd4e240","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, K. M. 0000-0003-2365-8035","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8035","contributorId":59830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"K. M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019502,"text":"70019502 - 1997 - Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:50:31","indexId":"70019502","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese","docAbstract":"Arctic-nesting geese build large, insulated nests to protect developing embryos from cold ambient temperatures. Ross' Geese (Chen rossii) are about two-thirds the mass of Lesser Snow Geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens), have higher mass-specific metabolic rate, and maintain lower nest attentiveness, yet they hatch goslings with more functionally mature gizzards and more protein for their size than do Lesser Snow Geese. We compared nest size (a reflection of nest insulation) in four distinct habitats in a mixed breeding colony of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese at Karrak Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. After adjusting measurements for nest-specific egg size and clutch size, we found that overall nest morphology differed between species and among habitats. Nest size increased progressively among heath, rock, mixed, and moss habitats. When nesting materials were not limiting, nests were smaller in habitats that provided cover from wind and precipitation than in habitats that did not provide cover. Ross' Geese constructed relatively larger, more insulated nests than did Lesser Snow Geese, which may hasten embryonic development, minimize energy expenditure during incubation, and minimize embryonic cooling during recesses. We suggest that relative differences in nest morphology reflect greater selection for Ross' Geese to improve nest insulation because of their smaller size (adults and embryos), higher mass-specific metabolic rate, and lower incubation constancy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089280","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Afton, A., and Alisauskas, R., 1997, Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese: The Auk, v. 114, no. 4, p. 610-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089280.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"618","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089280","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647ce4b0c8380cd729d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019504,"text":"70019504 - 1997 - Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T09:47:17","indexId":"70019504","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray","docAbstract":"Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESP/MS) for the trace analysis of oxanilic and sulfonic acids of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor. The isolation procedure separated the chloroacetanilide metabolites from the parent herbicides during the elution from C18 cartridges using ethyl acetate for parent compounds, followed by methanol for the anionic metabolites. The metabolites were separated chromatographically using reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed by negative-ion MS using electrospray ionization in selected ion mode. Quantitation limits were 0.01 μg/L for both the oxanilic and sulfonic acids based on a 100-mL water sample. This combination of methods represents an important advance in environmental analysis of chloroacetanilide−herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater for two reasons. First, anionic chloroacetanilide metabolites are a major class of degradation products that are readily leached to groundwater in agricultural areas. Second, anionic metabolites, which are not able to be analyzed by conventional methods such as liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, are effectively analyzed by SPE and high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry. This paper reports the first HPLC/MS identification of these metabolites in surface water and groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac9704671","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Thurman, E., and Barcelo, D., 1997, Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 22, p. 4547-4553, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9704671.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4547","endPage":"4553","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9704671"}],"volume":"69","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a382de4b0c8380cd6148c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":68606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, Damia","contributorId":189407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barcelo","given":"Damia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019626,"text":"70019626 - 1997 - The determination of Metals in sediment pore waters and in 1N HCl-extracted sediments by ICP-MS","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:56:13.657693","indexId":"70019626","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":932,"text":"Atomic Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The determination of Metals in sediment pore waters and in 1N HCl-extracted sediments by ICP-MS","docAbstract":"Concentrations of metals in sediment interstitial water (pore water) and those extractable from sediment with weak acids can provide important information about the bioavailability and toxicological effects of such contaminants. The highly variable nature of metal concentrations in these matrices requires instrumentation with the detection limit capability of graphite furnace atomic absorption and the wide dynamic linear range capability of ICP-OES. These criteria are satisfied with ICP-MS instrumentation. We investigated the performance of ICP-MS in the determination of certain metals from these matrices. The results for three metals were compared to those determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. It was concluded that ICP-MS was an excellent instrumental approach for the determination of metals in these matrices.","language":"English","publisher":"Atomic Spectroscopy Press","doi":"10.46770/AS.1997.05.001","usgsCitation":"May, T.W., Wiedmeyer, R., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Schmitt, C., 1997, The determination of Metals in sediment pore waters and in 1N HCl-extracted sediments by ICP-MS: Atomic Spectroscopy, v. 18, no. 5, p. 133-139, https://doi.org/10.46770/AS.1997.05.001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"139","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.at-spectrosc.com/as/article/abstract/199705001?st=article_issue","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba701e4b08c986b321315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"May, Thomas W. tmay@usgs.gov","contributorId":2598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"Thomas","email":"tmay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiedmeyer, Ray H.","contributorId":20096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiedmeyer","given":"Ray H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmitt, C. J. 0000-0001-6804-2360","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":56339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019577,"text":"70019577 - 1997 - Unnatural isotopic composition of lithium reagents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T17:28:51.59158","indexId":"70019577","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unnatural isotopic composition of lithium reagents","docAbstract":"Isotopic analysis of 39 lithium reagents from several manufacturers indicates that seven were artificially depleted in 6Li significantly in excess of the variation found in terrestrial materials. The atomic weight of lithium in analyzed reagents ranged from 6.939 to 6.996, and δ7Li, reported relative to L-SVEC lithium carbonate, ranged from −11 to +3013‰. This investigation indicates that 6Li-depleted reagents are now found on chemists' shelves, and the labels of these 6Li-depleted reagents do not accurately reflect the atomic and (or) molecular weights of these reagents. In 1993, IUPAC issued the following statement: “Commercially available Li materials have atomic weights that range between 6.94 and 6.99; if a more accurate value is required, it must be determined for the specific material.” This statement has been found to be incorrect. In two of the 39 samples analyzed, the atomic weight of Li was in excess of 6.99.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac9704669","usgsCitation":"Qi, H.P., Coplen, T.B., Wang, Q.Z., and Wang, Y.#., 1997, Unnatural isotopic composition of lithium reagents: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 19, p. 4076-4078, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9704669.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"4076","endPage":"4078","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcdae4b08c986b328e3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, H. P.","contributorId":74891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Q. Zh","contributorId":17387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Q.","email":"","middleInitial":"Zh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Y. #NAME?","contributorId":68475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019791,"text":"70019791 - 1997 - Strontium 87/strontium 86 as a tracer of mineral weathering reactions and calcium sources in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:08:13","indexId":"70019791","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium 87/strontium 86 as a tracer of mineral weathering reactions and calcium sources in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado","docAbstract":"Sr isotopic ratios of atmospheric deposition, surface and subsurface water, and geologic materials were measured in an alpine/subalpine watershed to characterize weathering reactions and identify sources of dissolved Ca in stream water. Previous studies have noted an excess of Ca in stream water above that expected from stoichiometric weathering of the dominant bedrock minerals. Mixing calculations based on 87Sr/86Sr indicate that on an annual basis, 26 ± 7% of Ca export in streams is atmospherically derived, 23 ± 1% is from weathering of plagioclase, and the remainder is from weathering of calcite present in trace amounts in the bedrock. A potential source of error when applying Sr isotopes in catchment studies is determination of the 87Sr/86Sr of Sr released by mineral weathering, which is complicated by the wide range of mineral isotopic compositions, particularly in older rocks, and the variable rates at which the minerals weather. In this study, base-flow stream chemistry was used to represent the 87Sr/86Sr of Sr derived from mineral weathering because it effectively integrates the potentially variable isotopic composition of Sr released by weathering in the alpine environment.
In 1790 a major hydromagmatic eruption at the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, deposited up to 10 m of pyroclastic fall and surge deposits and killed several dozen Hawaiian natives who were crossing the island. Previous studies have hypothesized that the explosivity of this eruption was due to the influx of groundwater into the conduit and mixing of the groundwater with ascending magma. This study proposes that surface water, not groundwater, was the agent responsible for the explosiveness of the eruption. That is, a lake or pond may have existed in the caldera in 1790 and explosions may have taken place when magma ascended into the lake from below. That assertion is based on two lines of evidence: (1) high vesicularity (averaging 73% of more than 3000 lapilli) and high vesicle number density (105–107 cm−3 melt) of pumice clasts suggest that some phases of the eruption involved vigorous, sustained magma ascent; and (2) numerical calculations suggest that under most circumstances, hydrostatic pressure would not be sufficient to drive water into the eruptive conduit during vigorous magma ascent unless the water table were above the ground surface. These results are supported by historical data on the rate of infilling of the caldera floor during the early 1800s. When extrapolated back to 1790, they suggest that the caldera floor was below the water table.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01426","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L., 1997, Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20093-20109, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01426.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"20093","endPage":"20109","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d58e4b0c8380cd52f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019684,"text":"70019684 - 1997 - Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills, southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-16T13:23:43.566616","indexId":"70019684","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills, southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"During late May and early June of 1993, we conducted two shallow, high-resolution seismic reflection surveys (Mini-Sosie method) across the southern escarpment of the Benton Hills segment of Crowleys Ridge. The reflection profiles imaged numerous post-late Cretaceous faults and folds. We believe these faults may represent a significant earthquake source zone. The stratigraphy of the Benton Hills consists of a thin, less than about 130 m, sequence of mostly unconsolidated Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments which unconformably overlie a much thicker section of Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The survey did not resolve reflectors within the upper 75-100 ms of two-way travel time (about 60-100 m), which would include all of the Tertiary and Quaternary and most of the Cretaceous. However, the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity (Pz) produced an excellent reflection, and, locally a shallower reflector within the Cretaceous (K) was resolved. No coherent reflections below about 200 ms of two-way travel time were identified. Numerous faults and folds, which clearly offset the Paleozoic-Cretaceous unconformity reflector, were imaged on both seismic reflection profiles. Many structures imaged by the reflection data are coincident with the surface mapped locations of faults within the Cretaceous and Tertiary succession. Two locations show important structures that are clearly complex fault zones. The English Hill fault zone, striking N30??-35??E, is present along Line 1 and is important because earlier workers indicated it has Pleistocene Loess faulted against Eocene sands. The Commerce fault zone striking N50??E, overlies a major regional basement geophysical lineament, and is present on both seismic lines at the southern margin of the escarpment. The fault zones imaged by these surveys are 30 km from the area of intense microseismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). If these are northeast and north-northeast oriented fault zones like those at Thebes Gap they are favorably oriented in the modern stress field to be reactivated as right-lateral strike slip faults. Currently, earthquake hazards assessments are most dependent upon historical seismicity, and there are little geological data available to evaluate the earthquake potential of fault zones outside of the NMSZ. We anticipate that future studies will provide evidence that seismicity has migrated between fault zones well beyond the middle Mississippi Valley. The potential earthquake hazards represented by faults outside the NMSZ may be significant.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00004-5","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Palmer, J.R., Hoffman, D., Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J.K., and Williams, R.A., 1997, Shallow seismic reflection profiles and geological structure in the Benton Hills, southeast Missouri: Engineering Geology, v. 46, no. 3-4, p. 217-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(97)00004-5.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227760,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Benton Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.69869689609834,\n 38.063615458112764\n ],\n [\n -91.69869689609834,\n 35.601883720748646\n ],\n [\n -88.8422515835983,\n 35.601883720748646\n ],\n [\n -88.8422515835983,\n 38.063615458112764\n ],\n [\n -91.69869689609834,\n 38.063615458112764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e36e4b08c986b3187cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmer, J. R.","contributorId":83559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019899,"text":"70019899 - 1997 - Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential quaternary evolution, south Florida windward margin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019899","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential quaternary evolution, south Florida windward margin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Closely spaced, high-resolution, seismic-reflection profiles acquired off the upper Florida Keys (i.e., north) reveal a platform-margin reef-and-trough system grossly similar to, yet quite different from, that previously described off the lower Keys (i.e., south). Profiles and maps generated for both areas show that development was controlled by antecedent Pleistocene topography (presence or absence of an upper-slope bedrock terrace), sediment availability, fluctuating sea level, and coral growth rate and distribution. The north terrace is sediment-covered and exhibits linear, buried, low-relief, seismic features of unknown character and origin. The south terrace is essentially sediment-free and supports multiple, massive, high-relief outlier reefs. Uranium disequilibrium series dates on outlier-reef corals indicate a Pleistocene age (~83-84 ka). A massive Pleistocene reef with both aggradational (north) and progradational (south) aspects forms the modern margin escarpment landward of the terrace. Depending upon interpretation (the north margin-escarpment reef may or may not be an outlier reef), the north margin is either more advanced or less advanced than the south margin. During Holocene sea-level rise, Pleistocene bedrock was inundated earlier and faster first to the north (deeper offbank terrace), then to the south (deeper platform surface). Holocene overgrowth is thick (8 m) on the north outer-bank reefs but thin (0.3 m) on the south outlier reefs. Differential evolution resulted from interplay between fluctuating sea level and energy regime established by prevailing east-southeasterly winds and waves along an arcuate (ENE-WSW) platform margin.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Shinn, E., Hine, A.C., and Locker, S., 1997, Contrasts within an outlier-reef system: Evidence for differential quaternary evolution, south Florida windward margin, U.S.A.: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 711-731.","startPage":"711","endPage":"731","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7ee4b0c8380cd4db21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locker, S. D.","contributorId":81532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locker","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019515,"text":"70019515 - 1997 - Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T13:55:44.331614","indexId":"70019515","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution","docAbstract":"Isostatic residual gravity anomalies in the southern Cascade Range of northern California and southern Oregon are spatially correlated with broad zones of Quaternary magmatism as reflected by the total volume of Quaternary volcanic products, the distribution of Quaternary vents, and the anomalously low teleseismic P wave velocities in the upper 30 km of crust. The orientation of Quaternary faults also appears to be related to gravity anomalies and volcanism in this area, trending generally north-south within the magmatic regions and northwest-southeast as they enter the neighboring amagmatic zones to the north and south. The relationship between gravity anomalies, vent density, and fault orientations may indicate in a broad sense the strength of the middle and upper crust. The southern Cascade Range occupies a transition zone where horizontal stress is transferred from the northwest-southeast dextral shear of the Walker Lane belt to the east-west extension characteristic of the Cascade arc in central Oregon. Faulting along north-south strikes in the volcanically active areas indicates the east-west extensional stresses in thermally weakened crust, whereas northwest faulting between the volcanically active areas reflects the northwest trending, right lateral shear strain of the Walker Lane belt. The segmentation of the arc reflected in Quaternary magmatism may be caused by differential extension behind crustal blocks of the forearc rotating clockwise with respect to North America. In this view the volcanic centers at Mount Shasta, Medicine Lake volcano, and Lassen Peak in northern California are situated along the southern parts of the trailing edges of two distinct segments of the forearc where additional extension is implied by their differential clockwise rotation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01516","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Christiansen, R., Guffanti, M., Wells, R., Donnelly-Nolan, J., Muffler, L.P., Clynne, M., and Smith, J., 1997, Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B10, p. 22513-22527, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01516.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"22513","endPage":"22527","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a0de4b0c8380cd5ae56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick","contributorId":72739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019827,"text":"70019827 - 1997 - Cabauw experimental results from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-29T15:23:21","indexId":"70019827","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cabauw experimental results from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes","docAbstract":"In the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes phase 2a experiment, meteorological data for the year 1987 from Cabauw, the Netherlands, were used as inputs to 23 land-surface flux schemes designed for use in climate and weather models. Schemes were evaluated by comparing their outputs with long-term measurements of surface sensible heat fluxes into the atmosphere and the ground, and of upward longwave radiation and total net radiative fluxes, and also comparing them with latent heat fluxes derived from a surface energy balance. Tuning of schemes by use of the observed flux data was not permitted. On an annual basis, the predicted surface radiative temperature exhibits a range of 2 K across schemes, consistent with the range of about 10 W m-2 in predicted surface net radiation. Most modeled values of monthly net radiation differ from the observations by less than the estimated maximum monthly observational error (±10 W m-2). However, modeled radiative surface temperature appears to have a systematic positive bias in most schemes; this might be explained by an error in assumed emissivity and by models' neglect of canopy thermal heterogeneity. Annual means of sensible and latent heat fluxes, into which net radiation is partitioned, have ranges across schemes of 30 W m-2 and 25 W m-2, respectively. Annual totals of evapotranspiration and runoff, into which the precipitation is partitioned, both have ranges of 315 mm. These ranges in annual heat and water fluxes were approximately halved upon exclusion of the three schemes that have no stomatal resistance under non-water-stressed conditions. Many schemes tend to underestimate latent heat flux and overestimate sensible heat flux in summer, with a reverse tendency in winter. For six schemes, root-mean-square deviations of predictions from monthly observations are less than the estimated upper bounds on observation errors (5 W m-2 for sensible heat flux and 10 W m-2 for latent heat flux). Actual runoff at the site is believed to be dominated by vertical drainage to groundwater, but several schemes produced significant amounts of runoff as overland flow or interflow. There is a range across schemes of 184 mm (40% of total pore volume) in the simulated annual mean root-zone soil moisture. Unfortunately, no measurements of soil moisture were available for model evaluation. A theoretical analysis suggested that differences in boundary conditions used in various schemes are not sufficient to explain the large variance in soil moisture. However, many of the extreme values of soil moisture could be explained in terms of the particulars of experimental setup or excessive evapotranspiration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1194:CERFTP>2.0.CO;2","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Chen, T., Henderson-Sellers, A., Milly, P., Pitman, A., Beljaars, A., Polcher, J., Abramopoulos, F., Boone, A., Chang, S., Chen, F., Dai, Y., Desborough, C., Dickinson, R., Dumenil, L., Ek, M., Garratt, J., Gedney, N., Gusev, Y., Kim, J., Koster, R., Kowalczyk, E., Laval, K., Lean, J., Lettenmaier, D., Liang, X., Mahfouf, J., Mengelkamp, H., Mitchell, K., Nasonova, O., Noilhan, J., Robock, A., Rosenzweig, C., Schaake, J., Schlosser, C., Schulz, J., Shao, Y., Shmakin, A., Verseghy, D., Wetzel, P., Wood, E., Xue, Y., Yang, Z., and Zeng, Q., 1997, Cabauw experimental results from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes: Journal of Climate, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1194-1215, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1194:CERFTP>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"1194","endPage":"1215","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480014,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1194:cerftp>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278566,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1194:CERFTP>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e8e4b0c8380cd4b498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, T.H.","contributorId":13112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson-Sellers, A.","contributorId":41293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson-Sellers","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milly, P. C. D.","contributorId":100489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P. C. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pitman, A.J.","contributorId":24638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beljaars, A.C.M.","contributorId":36424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beljaars","given":"A.C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Polcher, J.","contributorId":65725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polcher","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Abramopoulos, F.","contributorId":74643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abramopoulos","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boone, A.","contributorId":38348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boone","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chang, S.","contributorId":85718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chen, F.","contributorId":103053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dai, Y.","contributorId":87818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dai","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Desborough, C.E.","contributorId":87819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Dickinson, R.E.","contributorId":103531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Dumenil, L.","contributorId":98180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumenil","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ek, M.","contributorId":64955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ek","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Garratt, J.R.","contributorId":42096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garratt","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Gedney, N.","contributorId":47247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gedney","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Gusev, Y.M.","contributorId":70596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gusev","given":"Y.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Kim, J.","contributorId":9813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Koster, R.","contributorId":8345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koster","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Kowalczyk, E.A.","contributorId":66128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalczyk","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Laval, K.","contributorId":80965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laval","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Lean, J.","contributorId":88909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lean","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Lettenmaier, D.","contributorId":9831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lettenmaier","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Liang, X.","contributorId":18972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liang","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Mahfouf, Jean-Francois","contributorId":107566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahfouf","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Mengelkamp, H.-T.","contributorId":81755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mengelkamp","given":"H.-T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Mitchell, Ken","contributorId":8211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Nasonova, O.N.","contributorId":28067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nasonova","given":"O.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Noilhan, J.","contributorId":78541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noilhan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Robock, A.","contributorId":20130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robock","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Rosenzweig, C.","contributorId":49239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenzweig","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Schaake, J.","contributorId":63603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaake","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Schlosser, C.A.","contributorId":38021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlosser","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Schulz, J.-P.","contributorId":77001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"J.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Shao, Y.","contributorId":48446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shao","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Shmakin, A.B.","contributorId":46723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shmakin","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37},{"text":"Verseghy, D.L.","contributorId":56515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verseghy","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":38},{"text":"Wetzel, P.","contributorId":79363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":39},{"text":"Wood, E.F.","contributorId":70998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":40},{"text":"Xue, Y.","contributorId":37534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xue","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":41},{"text":"Yang, Z.-L.","contributorId":9127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Z.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":42},{"text":"Zeng, Q.","contributorId":69422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":43}]}} ,{"id":70019509,"text":"70019509 - 1997 - Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:13:15.428917","indexId":"70019509","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin","docAbstract":"Evidence from sediments in cores collected from within the present oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ; 600–1200 m) on the central and northern California margins record several episodes during the last interstadial (OIS-3, ca. 60-24 ka) of deposition of laminated sediments containing elevated concentrations of several trace elements indicative of anoxic conditions (e.g., Mo, Ni, Zn, and Cu). The presence of abundant well-preserved organic matter, as well as lack of bioturbation and the presence of elevated concentrations of Mo and other trace elements, all support the theory that the OMZ in the northeastern Pacific Ocean was more intense, possibly anoxic, at several times during the late Pleistocene. Sediments of all ages in cores from the southern California margin contain elevated concentrations of Mo, suggesting that this area has always had higher rates of sulfate reduction than either the central or northern California areas.
Most of the Ba in sediments in all cores collected on the upper continental slope (200–2700 m) off California and southern Oregon is derived from detrital clastic material, and this source did not change much in time. However, the amount of biogenic Ba did vary with time, and these variations closely follow the temporal variations in organic C (Corg) mass accumulation rate. Using Ba and Corg mass accumulation rates as proxy variables for productivity, all cores show that organic productivity under the California Current upwelling system was highest during OIS-3 and the Holocene, and lowest during the last glacial interval (LGI, ca. 24-10 ka). All paleoproductivity proxy variables indicate that the southern California area has always experienced higher productivity than other areas under the California Current, at least over the last 50 ky.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00237-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Gardner, J., and Piper, D., 1997, Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 21, p. 4507-4518, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00237-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4507","endPage":"4518","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.67080422806794,\n 42.00341595992859\n ],\n [\n -126.88192964809099,\n 41.93939850899923\n ],\n [\n -126.47644305371966,\n 39.068008204412195\n ],\n [\n -124.10074452659296,\n 35.87239077253622\n ],\n [\n -120.5231074644737,\n 32.36187179419811\n ],\n [\n -116.7981568202135,\n 32.555020555557746\n ],\n [\n -117.3753738218179,\n 33.51162915350592\n ],\n [\n -118.3181657731642,\n 34.02954371238832\n ],\n [\n -119.2953726275444,\n 34.48694191421549\n ],\n [\n -120.36684223765641,\n 34.76476606379077\n ],\n [\n -120.50938174987402,\n 35.26946841564708\n ],\n [\n -121.69141269541717,\n 37.05892127353633\n ],\n [\n -122.12698767681275,\n 38.269993833135004\n ],\n [\n -122.73532816909301,\n 38.31079941048523\n ],\n [\n -123.46045918187286,\n 39.014885641343994\n ],\n [\n -123.67273562050957,\n 40.1340531818511\n ],\n [\n -123.93937040166611,\n 40.3941211314453\n ],\n [\n -123.77318280424345,\n 41.41787978991243\n ],\n [\n -124.03532666810167,\n 41.999965353444026\n ],\n [\n -125.67080422806794,\n 42.00341595992859\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0be4b0c8380cd62a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019847,"text":"70019847 - 1997 - Direct observation of the evolution of a seafloor 'black smoker' from vapor to brine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:24:00.24427","indexId":"70019847","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct observation of the evolution of a seafloor 'black smoker' from vapor to brine","docAbstract":"A single hydrothermal vent, ‘F’ vent, occurring on very young crust at 9°16.8′N, East Pacific Rise, was sampled in 1991 and 1994. In 1991, at the measured temperature of 388°C and seafloor pressure of 258 bar, the fluids from this vent were on the two-phase curve for seawater. These fluids were very low in chlorinity and other dissolved species, and high in gases compared to seawater and most sampled seafloor hydrothermal vent fluids. In 1994, when this vent was next sampled, it had cooled to 351°C and was venting fluids ∼ 1.5 times seawater chlorinity. This is the first reported example of a single seafloor hydrothermal vent evolving from vapor to brine. The 1991 and 1994 fluids sampled from this vent are compositionally conjugate pairs to one another. These results support the hypothesis that vapor-phase fluids vent in the early period following a volcanic eruption, and that the liquid-phase brines are stored within the oceanic crust, and vent at a later time, in this case 3 years. These results demonstrate that the venting of brines can occur in the same location, in fact from the same sulfide edifice, where the vapor-phase fluids vented previously.
A field experiment at Owens (dry) Lake, California, tested whether and how the relative profiles of airborne horizontal mass fluxes for >50-μm wind-eroded particles changed with friction velocity. The horizontal mass flux at almost all measured heights increased proportionally to the cube of friction velocity above an apparent threshold friction velocity for all sediment tested and increased with height except at one coarse-sand site where the relative horizontal mass flux profile did not change with friction velocity. Size distributions for long-time-averaged horizontal mass flux samples showed a saltation layer from the surface to a height between 30 and 50 cm, above which suspended particles dominate. Measurements from a large dust source area on a line parallel to the wind showed that even though the saltation flux reached equilibrium ∼650 m downwind of the starting point of erosion, weakly suspended particles were still input into the atmosphere 1567 m downwind of the starting point; thus the saltating fraction of the total mass flux decreased after 650 m. The scale length difference and ratio of 70/30 suspended mass flux to saltation mass flux at the farthest down wind sampling site confirm that suspended particles are very important for mass budgets in large source areas and that saltation mass flux can be a variable fraction of total horizontal mass flux for soils with a substantial fraction of <100-μm particles.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/97JD00961","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Gillette, D.A., Fryrear, D., Xiao, J.B., Stockton, P., Ono, D., Helm, P.J., Gill, T., and Ley, T., 1997, Large-scale variability of wind erosion mass flux rates at Owens Lake 1. Vertical profiles of horizontal mass fluxes of wind-eroded particles with diameter greater than 50 μm: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 102, no. 22, p. 25977-25987, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD00961.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"25977","endPage":"25987","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44a0e4b0c8380cd66c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillette, Dale A.","contributorId":14126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillette","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fryrear, D.W.","contributorId":61181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fryrear","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiao, Jing Bing","contributorId":49937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Jing","email":"","middleInitial":"Bing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockton, Paul","contributorId":90478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockton","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ono, Duane","contributorId":43119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ono","given":"Duane","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helm, Paula J.","contributorId":75984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helm","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gill, Thomas E","contributorId":119945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Thomas E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ley, Trevor","contributorId":15353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ley","given":"Trevor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019475,"text":"70019475 - 1997 - Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:55:59","indexId":"70019475","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem","docAbstract":"In a solute-transport model, if a constant-concentration boundary condition is applied at a node in an active flow field, a solute flux can occur by both advective and dispersive processes. The potential for advective release is demonstrated by reexamining the Hydrologic Code Intercomparison (HYDROCOIN) project case 5 problem, which represents a salt dome overlain by a shallow groundwater system. The resulting flow field includes significant salinity and fluid density variations. Several independent teams simulated this problem using finite difference or finite element numerical models. We applied a method-of-characteristics model (MOCDENSE). The previous numerical implementations by HYDROCOIN teams of a constant-concentration boundary to represent salt release by lateral dispersion only (as stipulated in the original problem definition) was flawed because this boundary condition allows the release of salt into the flow field by both dispersion and advection. When the constant-concentration boundary is modified to allow salt release by dispersion only, significantly less salt is released into the flow field. The calculated brine distribution for case 5 depends very little on which numerical model is used, as long as the selected model is solving the proper equations. Instead, the accuracy of the solution depends strongly on the proper conceptualization of the problem, including the detailed design of the constant-concentration boundary condition. The importance and sensitivity to the manner of specification of this boundary does not appear to have been recognized previously in the analysis of this problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR01926","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., Sanford, W., and Campbell, P., 1997, Constant-concentration boundary condition: Lessons from the HYDROCOIN variable-density groundwater benchmark problem: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2253-2261, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR01926.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2253","endPage":"2261","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226927,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa03e4b0c8380cd4d896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, P.J.","contributorId":56393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019595,"text":"70019595 - 1997 - Late Holocene eolian activity in the mineralogically mature Nebraska Sand Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:29:28","indexId":"70019595","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene eolian activity in the mineralogically mature Nebraska Sand Hills","docAbstract":"The age of sand dunes in the Nebraska Sand Hills has been controversial, with some investigators suggesting a full-glacial age and others suggesting that they were last active in the late Holocene. New accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon ages of unaltered bison bones and organic-rich sediments suggest that eolian sand deposition occurred at least twice in the past 3000 14C yr B.P. in three widely separated localities and as many as three times in the past 800 14C yr at three other localities. These late Holocene episodes of eolian activity are probably the result of droughts more intense than the 1930s \"Dust Bowl\" period, based on independent Great Plains climate records from lake sediments and tree rings. However, new geochemical data indicate that the Nebraska Sand Hills are mineralogically mature. Eolian sands in Nebraska have lower K-feldspar (and K2O, Rb, and Ba) contents than most possible source sediments and lower K-feldspar contents than dunes of similar age in Colorado. The most likely explanation for mineralogical maturity is reduction of sand-sized K-feldspar to silt-sized particles via ballistic impacts due to strong winds over many cycles of eolian activity. Therefore, dunes of the Nebraska Sand Hills must have had a long history, probably extending over more than one glacial-interglacial cycle, and the potential for reactivation is high, with or without a future greenhouse warming. ?? 1997 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1997.1913","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Stafford, T.W., Swinehart, J.B., Cowherd, S., Mahan, S., Bush, C.A., Madole, R., and Maat, P., 1997, Late Holocene eolian activity in the mineralogically mature Nebraska Sand Hills: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 2, p. 162-176, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1913.","startPage":"162","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266463,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1913"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e4e4b0c8380cd66e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stafford, Thomas W. Jr.","contributorId":21283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"Thomas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swinehart, J. B.","contributorId":25244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swinehart","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowherd, S.D.","contributorId":51025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowherd","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Madole, R.F. 0000-0002-9081-570X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-570X","contributorId":34086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madole","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maat, P.B.","contributorId":57479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maat","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70019785,"text":"70019785 - 1997 - Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:41:13","indexId":"70019785","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies","docAbstract":"The importance of mineral weathering was assessed and compared for five mid-Atlantic watersheds receiving similar atmospheric inputs but underlain by differing bedrock. Annual solute mass balances and volume-weighted mean solute concentrations were calculated for each watershed for each year of record. In addition, primary and secondary mineralogy were determined for each of the watersheds through analysis of soil samples and thin sections using petrographic, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction techniques. Mineralogical data were also compiled from the literature. These data were input to NETPATH, a geochemical program that calculates the masses of minerals that react with precipitation to produce stream water chemistry. The feasibilities of the weathering scenarios calculated by NETPATH were evaluated based on relative abundances and reactivities of minerals in the watershed. In watersheds underlain by reactive bedrocks, weathering reactions explained the stream base cation loading. In the acid-sensitive watersheds on unreactive bedrock, calculated weathering scenarios were not consistent with the abundance of reactive minerals in the underlying bedrock, and alternative sources of base cations are discussed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199706)11:7<719::AID-HYP522>3.0.CO;2-2","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, A.K., Rice, K.C., Bricker, O.P., Kennedy, M.M., and Anderson, R.T., 1997, Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 7, p. 719-744, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199706)11:7<719::AID-HYP522>3.0.CO;2-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"744","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf17e4b08c986b329957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Anne K.","contributorId":52955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Margaret M.","contributorId":178170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, R. Todd","contributorId":178195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019729,"text":"70019729 - 1997 - Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:58:43.030181","indexId":"70019729","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes","docAbstract":"The ionic composition and salinity of Lake Manitoba and its late-glacial precursor, Lake Agassiz, changed significantly over the past 11 000 years. The paleochemical record reported here is based on modern analog environments of ostracodes identified in a new 14.5 m core from southern Lake Manitoba. The ionic composition of Lake Manitoba today is dominated by Na+, Cl−, and HC03−, with much less Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+. Evaporative concentration of modern Lake Manitoba water would lead to greater salinity and the near depletion of Ca2+ due to continued precipitation of calcite. During periods of highest salinity in the Holocene, however, Lake Manitoba supported Limnocythere staplini. Today this species inhabits waters in which [Ca2+] > [HCO3−], including springs associated with groundwater in Paleozoic bedrock discharging into Lake Winnipegosis (and eventually, after much dilution, into Lake Manitoba). Further complicating the Holocene record are intervals containing Limnocythere friabilis that suggest periodic influxes of dilute water, probably from the Assiniboine River, which bypasses Lake Manitoba today. The variations in Holocene paleochemistry indicated by the ostracode record imply changes in the proportion of overland flow plus precipitation relative to groundwater inputs to Lake Manitoba, independent of changes in evaporation relative to precipitation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-056","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., 1997, Paleochemistry of Lakes Agassiz and Manitoba based on ostracodes: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 5, p. 699-708, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-056.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"708","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Manitoba","otherGeospatial":"Lake Agassiz, Lake Manitoba","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.55404431200971,\n 50.392826965539285\n ],\n [\n -98.62615034484836,\n 50.318806792974726\n ],\n [\n -98.60211501019408,\n 50.23432373858145\n ],\n [\n -98.46591478048528,\n 50.17278733048653\n ],\n [\n -98.409832332958,\n 50.126582952430454\n ],\n [\n -98.3096851052311,\n 50.11887788236001\n ],\n [\n -98.18950843195832,\n 50.147123742849516\n ],\n [\n -98.09336709334026,\n 50.157390831181544\n ],\n [\n -98.04529642403124,\n 50.25481824659607\n ],\n [\n -98.00523753294048,\n 50.22407317968407\n ],\n [\n -97.9491550854132,\n 50.25737944047572\n ],\n [\n -97.91710797254105,\n 50.31614994286778\n ],\n [\n -97.93313152897706,\n 50.431119012346954\n ],\n [\n -98.01324931115907,\n 50.507610325753376\n ],\n [\n -98.0292728675951,\n 50.56108063269903\n ],\n [\n -98.10137887155888,\n 50.66276121778154\n ],\n [\n -98.30567921612207,\n 50.792085355038836\n ],\n [\n -98.47793244781278,\n 50.895793071511406\n ],\n [\n -98.52600311712179,\n 50.885685392418736\n ],\n [\n -98.57006789732192,\n 50.92862788177044\n ],\n [\n -98.50997956068528,\n 50.963962544428284\n ],\n [\n -98.47793244781278,\n 50.99674925648293\n ],\n [\n -98.40182055474011,\n 50.96648542121528\n ],\n [\n -98.38179110919474,\n 51.03958925837179\n ],\n [\n -98.43386766761263,\n 51.07987310849407\n ],\n [\n -98.50997956068528,\n 51.09748627217709\n ],\n [\n -98.51799133890354,\n 51.13520618209975\n ],\n [\n -98.59009734286731,\n 51.13269247940619\n ],\n [\n -98.6101267884127,\n 51.06728817046627\n ],\n [\n -98.62214445573983,\n 51.14777264303913\n ],\n [\n -98.57807967553971,\n 51.16787186574564\n ],\n [\n -98.5219972280129,\n 51.14777264303913\n ],\n [\n -98.50196778246753,\n 51.17791819370362\n ],\n [\n -98.5580502299943,\n 51.248181215064704\n ],\n [\n -98.52600311712179,\n 51.278261122261455\n ],\n [\n -98.61413264864586,\n 51.33085362154043\n ],\n [\n -98.68623865260963,\n 51.298303479813654\n ],\n [\n -98.73831521102754,\n 51.3258474105308\n ],\n [\n -98.7623505456823,\n 51.383385844568096\n ],\n [\n -98.77436821300942,\n 51.4458456763696\n ],\n [\n -98.72629754370041,\n 51.45832740327654\n ],\n [\n -98.75834465657292,\n 51.52566977169792\n ],\n [\n -98.69825631993676,\n 51.56801949756411\n ],\n [\n -98.75834465657292,\n 51.61281742643911\n ],\n [\n -98.84647421697318,\n 51.732062677939524\n ],\n [\n -98.90255666449995,\n 51.704763366849875\n ],\n [\n -98.97065677935436,\n 51.719655943232084\n ],\n [\n -99.03475100509989,\n 51.69731523972743\n ],\n [\n -98.98668033579088,\n 51.592912689731065\n ],\n [\n -98.93460377737297,\n 51.56801949756411\n ],\n [\n -98.91858022093649,\n 51.370883636381734\n ],\n [\n -99.03074511599101,\n 51.684898969917725\n ],\n [\n -99.06679811797241,\n 51.72710039264334\n ],\n [\n -99.11086289817254,\n 51.717174187692365\n ],\n [\n -99.16694534569982,\n 51.82376671942046\n ],\n [\n -99.20700423679058,\n 51.8113851712838\n ],\n [\n -99.21101012589946,\n 51.645144016064705\n ],\n [\n -99.2390513496631,\n 51.707245803447194\n ],\n [\n -99.30314557540864,\n 51.806431599361474\n ],\n [\n -99.38726924669952,\n 51.7965228222489\n ],\n [\n -99.43133402689918,\n 51.82624262078491\n ],\n [\n -99.51145180908118,\n 51.81633819881287\n ],\n [\n -99.55952247839022,\n 51.8113851712838\n ],\n [\n -99.57554603482623,\n 51.71221026799253\n ],\n [\n -99.59156959126273,\n 51.68241530723938\n ],\n [\n -99.57154014571735,\n 51.51320646746046\n ],\n [\n -99.53949303284483,\n 51.47080571782661\n ],\n [\n -99.47139291799043,\n 51.50822019074565\n ],\n [\n -99.47139291799043,\n 51.555567787650006\n ],\n [\n -99.45536936155392,\n 51.61281742643911\n ],\n [\n -99.37925746848127,\n 51.61281742643911\n ],\n [\n -99.35121624471765,\n 51.57797841075728\n ],\n [\n -99.323175020954,\n 51.61779224732578\n ],\n [\n -99.31916913184513,\n 51.55805840239657\n ],\n [\n -99.28311612986325,\n 51.51320646746046\n ],\n [\n -99.30314557540864,\n 51.47080571782661\n ],\n [\n -99.24305723877248,\n 51.430863099288985\n ],\n [\n -99.24706312788135,\n 51.515699401165364\n ],\n [\n -99.21101012589946,\n 51.5306541384318\n ],\n [\n -99.15092178926332,\n 51.50073975237029\n ],\n [\n -99.1348982328273,\n 51.350873000505345\n ],\n [\n -99.07480989619067,\n 51.22811702773697\n ],\n [\n -99.04676867242704,\n 51.245673688978115\n ],\n [\n -98.97866855757263,\n 51.175406838409515\n ],\n [\n -98.92258611004536,\n 51.15531089918136\n ],\n [\n -98.93460377737297,\n 51.205534332059955\n ],\n [\n -98.87050955162745,\n 51.23062553240334\n ],\n [\n -98.89855077539109,\n 51.190473047292585\n ],\n [\n -98.90255666449995,\n 51.13269250092384\n ],\n [\n -98.87050955162745,\n 51.0446266781002\n ],\n [\n -98.87050955162745,\n 50.95639311357269\n ],\n [\n -98.89053899717284,\n 50.87557554148003\n ],\n [\n -98.8424683278638,\n 50.83764398087857\n ],\n [\n -98.75834465657292,\n 50.75408592049888\n ],\n [\n -98.72629754370041,\n 50.6830709878665\n ],\n [\n -98.66620920706426,\n 50.61449036466374\n ],\n [\n -98.6421738724095,\n 50.50506263060791\n ],\n [\n -98.55404431200971,\n 50.392826965539285\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73c1e4b0c8380cd77211","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019682,"text":"70019682 - 1997 - Distribution of seabirds in the northern Gulf of Mexico in relation to mesoscale features: Initial observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019682","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Distribution of seabirds in the northern Gulf of Mexico in relation to mesoscale features: Initial observations","docAbstract":"The presence of seabirds was related to offshore surface eddies and the freshwater plume of the Mississippi River in the northern Gulf of Mexico during autumn, winter, spring, and summer 1992-1993. Skuas (Stercorarius spp.) were the most common bird seen in autumn, whereas skuas and gulls (Larus spp.) were the most common in winter. Few birds were seen in the spring, and terns (Sterna spp.) were the most common birds seen in late summer. During summer, terns were associated with the freshwater plume of the Mississippi River. In the winter, herring (Larus argentatus) and laughing gulls (L. artricilla) were associated with areas with steep thermoclines, while pomarine skuas (Stercorarius pomarinus) were found in areas of low productivity. Herring and laughing gulls in the winter, all birds in the spring, and terns in the summer were more common outside eddies. Only pomarine skuas in the winter were seen more commonly inside warm-core eddies.","largerWorkTitle":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jmsc.1997.0251","issn":"10543139","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., Davis, R., Hess, N., and Peake, D., 1997, Distribution of seabirds in the northern Gulf of Mexico in relation to mesoscale features: Initial observations, in ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 54, no. 4, p. 545-551, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0251.","startPage":"545","endPage":"551","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488027,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0251","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":205973,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0251"},{"id":227718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02fae4b0c8380cd502ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, R.","contributorId":92926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, N.","contributorId":68599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peake, D.","contributorId":7970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peake","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019680,"text":"70019680 - 1997 - Geology and preliminary dating of the hominid-bearing sedimentary fill of the Sima de los Huesos Chamber, Cueva Mayor of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T14:31:11.425564","indexId":"70019680","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2337,"text":"Journal of Human Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology and preliminary dating of the hominid-bearing sedimentary fill of the Sima de los Huesos Chamber, Cueva Mayor of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain","docAbstract":"Sediments of the Sima de los Huesos vary greatly over distances of a few meters. This is typical of interior cave facies, and caused by cycles of cut and fill. Mud breccias containing human bones, grading upwards to mud containing bear bones, fill an irregular surface cut into basal marls and sands. The lack of bedding and the chaotic abundance of fragile speleothem clasts in the fossiliferous muds suggests that the deposit was originally a subterranean pond facies, and that after emplacement of the human remains, underwent vigorous post-depositional rotation and collapse and brecciation, caused by underlying bedrock dissolution and undermining. The fossiliferous deposits are capped by flowstone and guano-bearing muds which lack large-mammal fossils. U-series and radiocarbon dating indicates the capping flowstones formed from about 68 ka to about 25 ka. U-series analyses of speleothem clasts among the human fossils indicate that all are at, or close to, isotopic equilibrium (>350 ka). The distribution of U-series dates for 25 bear bones (154±66 ka) and for 16 human bones (148±34 ka) is similar and rather broad. Because the human bones seem to be stratigraphically older than those of the bears, the results would indicate that most of the bones have been accumulating uranium irregularly with time. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses of six selected bear bones indicates dates of 189±28 ka, for which each is concordant with their corresponding U-series date (181±41 ka). Combined ESR and U-series dates for these samples yielded 200±4 ka. Such agreement is highly suggestive that uranium uptake in these bones was close to the early-uptake (EU) model, and the dates are essentially correct. Another three selected samples yielded combined ESR–U-series dates of 320±4 ka with a modeled intermediate-mode of uranium uptake. The dating results, therefore, seem to provide a firm minimum age of about 200 ka for the human entry; and suggestive evidence of entry before 320 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/jhev.1997.0130","issn":"00472484","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Leon, L., Arsuaga, J., Falgueres, C., Bahain, J., and Bullen, T., 1997, Geology and preliminary dating of the hominid-bearing sedimentary fill of the Sima de los Huesos Chamber, Cueva Mayor of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 33, no. 2-3, p. 129-154, https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1997.0130.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2429e4b0c8380cd57e55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.A.","contributorId":52205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leon, L.","contributorId":37091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leon","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arsuaga, J.L.","contributorId":73354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arsuaga","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Falgueres, Christophe","contributorId":12993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falgueres","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bahain, J.-J.","contributorId":32311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bahain","given":"J.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bullen, T.","contributorId":102651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019722,"text":"70019722 - 1997 - A mechanism for negative gene regulation in Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-23T14:22:33.04099","indexId":"70019722","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2497,"text":"Journal of Virology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for negative gene regulation in Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus","docAbstract":"The Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) ie-1 gene product (IE-1) is thought to play a central role in stimulating early viral transcription. IE-1 has been demonstrated to activate several early viral gene promoters and to negatively regulate the promoters of two other AcMNPV regulatory genes, ie-0 and ie-2. Our results indicate that IE-1 negatively regulates the expression of certain genes by binding directly, or as part of a complex, to promoter regions containing a specific IE-1-binding motif (5'-ACBYGTAA-3') near their mRNA start sites. The IE-1 binding motif was also found within the palindromic sequences of AcMNPV homologous repeat (hr) regions that have been shown to bind IE-1. The role of this IE-1 binding motif in the regulation of the ie-2 and pe-38 promoters was examined by introducing mutations in these promoters in which the central 6 bp were replaced with BglII sites. GUS reporter constructs containing ie-2 and pe-38 promoter fragments with and without these specific mutations were cotransfected into Sf9 cells with various amounts of an ie-1-containing plasmid (pIe-1). Comparisons of GUS expression produced by the mutant and wild-type constructs demonstrated that the IE-1 binding motif mediated a significant decrease in expression from the ie-2 and pe-38 promoters in response to increasing pIe-1 concentrations. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with pIe-1-transfected cell extracts and supershift assays with IE-1-specific antiserum demonstrated that IE-1 binds to promoter fragments containing the IE-1 binding motif but does not bind to promoter fragments lacking this motif.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Journals","doi":"10.1128%2Fjvi.71.7.5088-5094.1997","issn":"0022538X","usgsCitation":"Leisy, D., Rasmussen, C., Owusu, E., and Rohrmann, G., 1997, A mechanism for negative gene regulation in Autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus: Journal of Virology, v. 71, no. 7, p. 5088-5094, https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjvi.71.7.5088-5094.1997.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5088","endPage":"5094","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227721,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44be4b0c8380cd46568","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leisy, D.J.","contributorId":23702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leisy","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasmussen, C.","contributorId":66392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owusu, E.O.","contributorId":39534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owusu","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohrmann, G.F.","contributorId":108268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohrmann","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019679,"text":"70019679 - 1997 - Generation of coastal marsh topography with radar and ground-based measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019679","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of coastal marsh topography with radar and ground-based measurements","docAbstract":"A topographic surface of a low lying coastal marsh was created by using three flood extent vectors digitized from ERS-1 SAR images and two elevation contours from U.S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles. Point measurement of water depth at the times of the SAR collections allowed conversion of the radar measured flood extent vectors to topographic contours. Generation of the topographic surface was accomplished with a surface gridding algorithm. SAR and on-site measures. Errors in the generated topography were mainly associated with the lack of input contours covering narrow to broad plateaus and topographic highs and lows. The misplacement of SAR derived flood extent vectors also caused errors in sparsely vegetated high marsh at convoluted marsh-forest boundaries, and at topographic depressions. Overall, the standard deviation of differences between measured and predicted elevations at 747 points was 19 cm. Excluding the above mentioned abrupt boundaries and topographic highs and lows outside the range of available contours, standard deviation differences averaged about 14 cm, but most often averaged about 8 cm. This suggested a 5 to 9 factor improvement over the 150 cm topographic resolution currently available for this area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Nelson, G., Laine, S., Kirkman, R., and Topham, W., 1997, Generation of coastal marsh topography with radar and ground-based measurements: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, no. 4, p. 1335-1341.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1341","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1551e4b0c8380cd54d60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, G.A.","contributorId":17687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laine, S.C.","contributorId":91651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laine","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kirkman, R.G.","contributorId":107876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkman","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Topham, W.","contributorId":98495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topham","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}