Respired carbon dioxide is an important constituent in the carbonates of most air breathing animals but is much less important in the carbonates of most aquatic animals. This difference is illustrated using carbon isotope data from freshwater and terrestrial snails, ahermatypic corals, and chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic pelecypods. Literature data from fish otoliths and bird and mammal shell and bone carbonates are also considered.
Environmental CO2/O2 ratios appear to be the major controlling variable. Atmospheric CO2/O2 ratios are about thirty times lower than in most natural waters, hence air breathing animals absorb less environmental CO2 in the course of obtaining 02. Tissue CO2 therefore, does not isotopically equilibrate with environmental CO2 as thoroughly in air breathers as in aquatic animals, and this is reflected in skeletal carbonates. Animals having efficient oxygen transport systems, such as vertebrates, also accumulate more respired CO2 in their tissues.
Photosynthetic corals calcify mainly during the daytime when photosynthetic CO2 uptake is several times faster than respiratory CO2 release. Photosynthesis, therefore, affects skeletal δ13C more strongly than does respiration. Corals also illustrate how “metabolic” effects on skeletal isotopic composition can be estimated, despite the presence of much larger “kinetic” isotope effects.
New collections from the Marshalltown Formation and basal Mount Laurel Sand along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal in Delaware clarify the ammonite dating of the interval. The Marshalltown Formation yields Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) sp., Menuites portlocki (Sharpe, 1855) complexus (Hall and Meek, 1856), a subspecies restricted to the Baculites gregoryensis and Baculites scotti zones in the Western Interior of the United States, and Didymoceras binodosum (Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a) known only from the B. scotti zone of the Western Interior and correlatives in Arkansas and Texas. The basal part of the Mount Laurel Sand contains a complex assemblage preserved as phosphatic molds: Nostoceras (Nostoceras) monotuberculatum Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a, Nostoceras (N.) sp., Didymoceras platycostatum (Kennedy and Cobban, 1993b), D. stevensoni (Whitfield, 1877) (previously thought to be from the Marshalltown) and Exiteloceras jenneyi (Whitfield, 1877). The last two are index species of their eponymous zones in the Western Interior. This sequence is compatible with ammonites from the Wenonah Formation, which lies between the Marshalltown and Mount Laurel to the north and contains ammonites indicative of the Baculites scotti zone, and the fauna from higher in the Mount Laurel Sand, which includes elements of the Didymoceras cheyennense and Baculites compressus zones of the Western Interior sequence.
Rain and surface water samples from Southern Germany were investigated from 1991 to 1995 for terbuthylazine and one of its major metabolites, deethylterbuthylazine. The concentrations observed were compared to the concentrations found for atrazine and deethylatrazine in the same water samples. Concentrations ranged from < 0.02 μg/L to 0.7 μg/L for terbuthylazine and from < 0.02 μg/L to 0.6 μg/L for deethylterbuthylazine, compared to concentrations of < 0.02 μg/L to 3 μg/L and < 0.02 μg/L to 0.5 μg/L for atrazine and deethylatrazine, respectively. The ratios of metabolite concentrations to parent compound concentrations were calculated for deethylterbuthylazine to terbuthylazine (DTR) and deethylatrazine to atrazine (DAR). In rain water, DTR of 0.8…3.0 and DAR of 0.3… 1.9 were determined with mean values of 0.9… 1.7 for DTR and 0.6…0.9 for DAR in the different years. The ratios increased during summer periods. The highest ratios were observed in samples from forest stands, showing that degradation of the herbicide has occurred during transport between the source and the sampling site. The DTR in rain water were about 50… 100% higher than the DAR. This indicates a higher degradation rate of terbuthylazine during atmospheric transport. In surface water, DTR of 0.3… 1.2 with mean values of 0.5…0.8 and DAR of 0.2…2.2 with mean values of 0.2… 1.3 were observed. The ratios increased from June to September.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/aheh.19970250102","issn":"03234320","usgsCitation":"Dankwardt, A., Thurman, E., and Hock, B., 1997, Terbuthylazine and deethylterbuthylazine in rain and surface water: Determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica, v. 25, no. 1, p. 5-10, https://doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19970250102.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba547e4b08c986b320937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dankwardt, A.","contributorId":84108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dankwardt","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hock, B.","contributorId":66019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hock","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171398,"text":"70171398 - 1997 - Pesticides and volatile organic compounds in shallow urban groundwater of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-19T18:21:05","indexId":"70171398","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Pesticides and volatile organic compounds in shallow urban groundwater of the United States","docAbstract":"The widespread use of pesticides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over the past half century has led to their detection in many hydrologic systems in the United States. However, few systematic investigations of occurrences have been carried out over multistate regions using a consistent study design. Nine urban studies of shallow groundwater have been conducted to date as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Pesticide compounds were detected in 48.6% of the 208 urban wells sampled. Sixteen different pesticide compounds were detected in samples from these wells. Prometon was by far the most frequently detected pesticide compound, being found in 8 of the 9 urban studies. VOCs were detected in 53.4% of the 208 urban wells sampled, with 36 different VOC compounds being found.
Measured VOC concentrations exceeded current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water regulations in 19 wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a common fuel oxygenate, was the most frequently detected VOC for this study.
Ten carbonados from Central Africa were studied for U-Th-Pb systematics. To extract U, Th, and Pb from the samples, we developed a cold combustion technique wherein diamond was burnt in liquid oxygen. The technique gave low blanks; 25–50 pg for Pb, 3 pg for U, and 5 pg for Th. After very thorough acid treatments of the carbonados with hot HNO3, HF, and HCl over one week, most of U, Th, and Pb were removed from the samples. Lead in the acid-leached diamonds was highly radiogenic (206Pb/204Pb up to 470). However, the amounts of U and Th in the acid-leached diamonds are too low to account for the radiogenic Pb even if we assume 4.5 Ga for the age of the diamonds. Therefore, we conclude that the radiogenic Pb was implanted into the diamonds from surroundings by means of recoil energy of radioactive decays of U and Th. From the radiogenic lead isotopic composition, we estimate a minimum age of 2.6 Ga and a maximum age of 3.8 Ga for the formation of the carbonados.
The above findings of the implantation of recoiled radiogenic Pb into carbonados is consistent with the process of radiation-induced crystallization which was proposed for carbonado by Kaminsky (1987). We show from some theoretical considerations that when highly energetic particles, such as those emitted from radioactive decay of U and Th, interact with carbonaceous materials, they give rise to cascades of atomic disturbance (over regions of about a few nanometer), and the disturbed atoms are likely to recrystallize to form micro-diamonds because of increasing surface energy due to small size.
The radiation-induced diamond formation mechanism may be relevant to the origin of nano-diamonds in primitive meteorites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ozima, M., and Tatsumoto, M., 1997, Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 2, p. 369-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n 15.21192179474727\n ],\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n -10.179197368424113\n ],\n [\n 34.729452578299686,\n -10.179197368424113\n ],\n [\n 34.729452578299686,\n 15.21192179474727\n ],\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n 15.21192179474727\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9396e4b0c8380cd80eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ozima, M.","contributorId":49539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020285,"text":"70020285 - 1997 - Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:48:02","indexId":"70020285","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival","docAbstract":"Many Pacific Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis fulva) and other shorebirds winter in the Hawaiian Islands. This is the first landfall for mid-Pacific migrants after overwater flights of 4,000 km or more from Alaska (Johnson et al. 1989, Johnson and Connors 1996). Previous findings (sightings of marked birds and wing-length measurements) showed Alaska affinities for golden-plovers wintering in Hawaii (Johnson and Connors 1996), but there had been no attempt to demonstrate movements between the two regions using radiotelemetry. We made such an effort in spring 1996 by radio-tagging plovers on wintering grounds in Hawaii just before their migration. Some of these birds were later found at three sites in Alaska, including a breeding ground,
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089259","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Johnson, O., Warnock, N., Bishop, M., Bennett, A., Johnson, P., and Kienholz, R., 1997, Migration by radio-tagged pacific golden-plovers from hawaii to Alaska, and their subsequent survival: The Auk, v. 114, no. 3, p. 521-524, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089259.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"524","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089259","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56fee4b0c8380cd6d998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, O.W.","contributorId":20937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"O.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warnock, N.","contributorId":80615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warnock","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, M.A.","contributorId":95426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, A.J.","contributorId":32107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, P.M.","contributorId":44179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kienholz, R.J.","contributorId":83701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kienholz","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70180248,"text":"70180248 - 1997 - Upper Snake River white sturgeon biological risk assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T11:54:38","indexId":"70180248","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Upper Snake River white sturgeon biological risk assessment","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Nez Perce Tribe","usgsCitation":"Carmichael, R., Lestelle, L., Mobrand, L., Statler, D., Carter, R., Hoefs, N., Bennet, D., Chandler, J., Lepla, K., Cochnauer, T., Devore, J., Rien, T., McMullin, R., Parsley, M., and Seamans, A., 1997, Upper Snake River white sturgeon biological risk assessment, 83 p. .","productDescription":"83 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1979e4b0ad67323f9812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carmichael, R.","contributorId":178753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carmichael","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lestelle, L.","contributorId":178754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lestelle","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mobrand, L.","contributorId":178755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mobrand","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Statler, D.","contributorId":178756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Statler","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, R.","contributorId":13397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hoefs, N.","contributorId":178757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoefs","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bennet, D.","contributorId":178759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennet","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chandler, J.","contributorId":76663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lepla, K.","contributorId":178761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lepla","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Cochnauer, T.","contributorId":178762,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cochnauer","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Devore, J.","contributorId":178763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Devore","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rien, T.","contributorId":178764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rien","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McMullin, R.","contributorId":178765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMullin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Seamans, A.","contributorId":178767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seamans","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70181830,"text":"70181830 - 1997 - A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:50:17","indexId":"70181830","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni)","docAbstract":"Twenty-four Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanni) from 12 litters were anesthetized with either inhaled sevoflurane or isoflurane. With 7% delivered sevoflurane and 5% delivered isoflurane, time to loss of righting reflex (mean +/- SE) with sevoflurane (1.9 +/- 0.1 min) was significantly shorter compared with isoflurane (2.6 +/- 0.1 min). During maintenance at a light plane of anesthesia, systolic arterial pressure was significantly higher with sevoflurane (83 +/- 2 mm Hg) compared with isoflurane (66 +/- 2 mm Hg), and heart rate was significantly lower with sevoflurane (191 +/- 3 beats/min) compared with isoflurane (204 +/- 3 beats/min). There was no difference in respiratory rate jugular venous pH, pCO3, HCO3-, base excess, or recovery of righting reflex. Induction of anesthesia is more rapid and blood pressure is better maintained with sevoflurane compared with isoflurane; therefore, sevoflurane may be less stressful and safer. Inhaled sevoflurane should be an appropriate anesthetic for black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) in laboratory and field conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Gaynor, J.S., Wimsatt, J., Mallinckrodt, C., and Biggins, D.E., 1997, A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 28, no. 3, p. 274-282.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42547e4b0c825128ad4c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaynor, J. S.","contributorId":181588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaynor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinckrodt, C.","contributorId":181589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallinckrodt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, D. E.","contributorId":8781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020187,"text":"70020187 - 1997 - Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020187","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history","docAbstract":"Three subpopulations of Ferocactus cylindraceus, a short-columnar cactus of the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, were sampled in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, at sites representing a range of substrate ages and different grazing histories. Age-height relations were determined from annual growth, then used to estimate probable year of establishment for each cohort. Eight years between 1944 and 1992 were especially favorable for establishment. Six of these 8 years coincided with El Nino-Southern Oscillation conditions, indicating that as for many woody plants in arid regions, somewhat unusual climatic conditions are necessary if populations are to replace themselves. Comparison of age structures showed that established and developing populations have somewhat different dynamics in that the rate of population increase was slowest on the youngest terrace. On the ancient terraces, about half the plants were less than 25 years old. Plants older than 40 years were few; however the oldest plants in the study (about 49 years) grew on the ancient terraces. On the recent terrace, 76% of the subpopulation was 25 years or younger, and the oldest living plant was about 36 years of age. The age structures of subpopulations on grazed and ungrazed sites also differed markedly. On ungrazed sites, subpopulations were more or less at equilibrium, with enough young plants to replace old ones as they died. In contrast, the subpopulation on the grazed site was in a state of marked disequilibrium. Grazing before 1981 largely extirpated a palatable subshrub that was probably an important nurse plant. Until the shrub population at Indian Canyon recovers from decades of burro grazing, a rebound in E cylindraceus establishment is not to be expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1009767621391","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 1997, Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history: Plant Ecology, v. 133, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009767621391.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009767621391"},{"id":231318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe82e4b0c8380cd4ed7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182057,"text":"70182057 - 1997 - Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:39:54","indexId":"70182057","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","docAbstract":"We investigated factors affecting incubation time and metabolic rates of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs incubated under constant environmental conditions. Time required to reach the star-pipped stage of hatch varied significantly among females, but not with laying sequence or egg size. Metabolic rate of eggs varied positively with position in the laying sequence and tended to vary among females. Metabolic rate did not vary with egg volume or incubation length. Our results indicate metabolic rate may act as one synchronization mechanism for hatch. The role of maternal effects in development time should be considered in subsequent studies of incubation time in ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370245","usgsCitation":"MacCluskie, M.C., Flint, P.L., and Sedinger, J.S., 1997, Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony: The Condor, v. 99, p. 224-228, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370245.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol99/iss1/32","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57704e4b057081a24ee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCluskie, Margaret C.","contributorId":50643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCluskie","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020200,"text":"70020200 - 1997 - Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:23:18","indexId":"70020200","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply","docAbstract":"Reserve growth is a major component of the remaining U.S. natural gas resources. Historical data support this premise, as do estimates of technically recoverable and of economically recoverable gas resources remaining in the U.S. However, reserve growth is still poorly understood. Hence, much work remains to be done on the phenomenon of reserve growth.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., and Attanasi, E.D., 1997, Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 95, no. 4, p. 95-96.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-95/issue-4/in-this-issue/exploration/reserve-growth-important-to-us-gas-supply.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"95","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa94ae4b0c8380cd85d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020148,"text":"70020148 - 1997 - Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T00:03:56.004989","indexId":"70020148","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America","docAbstract":"The Newark Supergroup currently includes nine stratigraphic groups, each of which applies to part or all of the rock column of only one or a few basins. Because the group nomenclature within the Newark Supergroup is neither inclusive nor parallel in its concepts, nearly half of the strata within the Newark Supergroup lacks any group placement. A new system is proposed herein that (1) establishes unambiguous group boundaries, (2) places all Newark Supergroup strata into groups, (3) reduces the number of group names from nine to three, (4) creates parallelism between groups and three major successive tectonic events that created the rift basins containing the Newark Supergroup, and (5) coincidentally provides isochronous or nearly isochronous group boundaries. These proposed groups are (1) the Chatham Group (Middle Triassic to basal Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks), (2) the Meriden Group (Lower Jurassic extrusive volcanic and sedimentary rocks), and (3) the Agawam Group (new name) (Lower Jurassic sedimentary rocks above all early Mesozoic igneous intrusive and extrusive rocks).
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0195:SAROGW>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Weems, R., and Olsen, P., 1997, Synthesis and revision of groups within the Newark Supergroup, eastern North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 2, p. 195-209, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0195:SAROGW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://doc.rero.ch/record/14070/files/PAL_E1159.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228158,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba34ee4b08c986b31fc59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weems, R.E.","contributorId":44920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, P.E.","contributorId":71332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019887,"text":"70019887 - 1997 - A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 2: The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-07T16:56:06.421933","indexId":"70019887","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 2: The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous","docAbstract":"The north-central Appalachians occupy a critical position within the 3000+ km-long Appalachian orogen, lying southwest of the boundary between the central and northern Appalachians (CNAB). The one-billion-year-long history of tectonic activity in the north-central Appalachians includes the assembly and breakup of a late Proterozoic supercontinent, the creation and evolution of the Appalachian orogen during the Paleozoic, and the Mesozoic transformation of the active orogen into a passive margin during Pangea's disassembly. An important part of the Middle and Late Paleozoic history is the formation and growth of the Appalachian basin, an enormous, elongate continental basin lying cratonward of the active Appalachian internides along Laurentia's eastern margin. The Appalachian basin developed out of the Taconic orogeny, the second of the four orogenies that formed and modified the character of the Appalachian orogen. Prior to the Taconic orogeny, the eastern margin of Laurentia consisted of a broad carbonate shelf facing the Theic Ocean. The Taconic orogeny obduced various Theic components, including microcontinents, magmatic arcs, and accretionary prisms, onto the carbonate shelf. The resulting Taconic highlands formed a topographic barrier between Theia and the craton's interior. Because tectonic activity in the internides continued more or less throughout the remainder of the Paleozoic, the Appalachian basin never had a direct connection with Theia. The coarse-grained molasse from the newly uplifted Taconic highland spread westward over most of the basin during the Early Silurian. Carbonate deposition gradually encroached eastward over the basin as the siliciclastic input from the southeast waned. A resurgence in the earliest Late Silurian, perhaps related to orogenesis in Newfoundland and the Maritimes, expanded the clastic wedge somewhat. Before long, however, carbonate deposition once again dominated most of the north-central basin for the remainder of the Silurian and into the Early Devonian. The Early-to-Middle Devonian Acadian orogeny began introducing siliciclastic material into the eastern part of the Appalachian basin, thereby ending the largely paralic environment that persisted from the Late Silurian. A number of deltas formed around local sediment-input centers during the Middle Devonian. Continued uplift and/or orogenesis must have continued into the Late Devonian because a vast amount of terrigenous sediment was introduced into the Appalachian basin to form the vast Upper Devonian Catskill delta. Although the principal tectonic activity appears to have centered in New England, the large volume of sediment input suggests that orogenesis may have extended southward to the north-central Appalachians. However, direct evidence of actual Acadian deformation and metamorphism is lacking at this latitude. The north-central Appalachian basin underwent a significant change during the Carboniferous. Prior to this time, the shoreline shifted laterally through transgressions and regressions largely as a function of sediment input and regional subsidence. In the Carboniferous, vertical movements in the basin became more important. During the Early Carboniferous, much of the Mauch Chunk delta was eroded in the central and western parts of the basin. At the end of the Early Carboniferous, an unconformity truncated progressively older rocks to the north toward New York. New sediment transport patterns and depositional environments within the basin during the Late Carboniferous probably reflect significant topographic and tectonic changes, not only in the hinterland, but in the basin itself, perhaps in conjunction with climatic changes. Extensive interfluvial swamps on a lower delta plain accumulated thick organic deposits which would become coal. This delta plain graded southwestward into tidal and marine environments. The Alleghany orogeny in the Early Permian interrupted deposition in much of the north-central Appalachian basin and profoundly altered its structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.297.7.729","usgsCitation":"Faill, R.T., 1997, A geologic history of the north-central Appalachians, part 2: The Appalachian basin from the Silurian through the Carboniferous: American Journal of Science, v. 297, no. 7, p. 729-761, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.297.7.729.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"761","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488605,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.297.7.729","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"297","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3fee4b0c8380cd46336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faill, R. T.","contributorId":79639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020320,"text":"70020320 - 1997 - SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:13:31.890188","indexId":"70020320","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.1.190","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P., Fletcher, J.B., Hellweg, M., Boatwright, J., Sullivan, C., Joyner, W.B., Hanks, T.C., Boore, D., McGarr, A., Baker, L., and Lindh, A., 1997, SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 190-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.190.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf1be4b0c8380cd873c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hellweg, M.","contributorId":11344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, C.","contributorId":75959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baker, L.M.","contributorId":40608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70020321,"text":"70020321 - 1997 - Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70020321","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis","docAbstract":"Forecasting the likelihood of drought conditions is an integral part of managing a water supply storage and delivery system. Position analysis uses a large number of possible flow sequences as inputs to a simulation of a water supply storage and delivery system. For a given set of operating rules and water use requirements, water managers can use such a model to forecast the likelihood of specified outcomes such as reservoir levels falling below a specified level or streamflows falling below statutory passing flows a few months ahead conditioned on the current reservoir levels and streamflows. The large number of possible flow sequences are generated using a stochastic streamflow model with a random resampling of innovations. The advantages of this resampling scheme, called bootstrap position analysis, are that it does not rely on the unverifiable assumption of normality and it allows incorporation of long-range weather forecasts into the analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part C","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G., and Dunne, P., 1997, Forecasting drought risks for a water supply storage system using bootstrap position analysis, in Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. A, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 645-650.","startPage":"645","endPage":"650","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1316e4b0c8380cd544ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary","contributorId":78617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunne, Paul","contributorId":86794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020139,"text":"70020139 - 1997 - Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020139","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and Asiatic clams, Corbicula fluminea (MuLLER), were deployed at stream sites in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area to assess the presence of bioavailable, dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twenty-four PAHs were detected in SPMDs, 20 of which occurred at all sites. Only three PAHs were detected in the co-deployed clams. Throughout all sites, non-alkylated PAHs were found at greater levels in SPMDs than alkylated forms. Nine of 16 Priority Pollutant PAHs were detected in SPMDs. Estimated concentrations of PAHs in water were generally two to three orders of magnitude less than standard minimum analytical reporting levels; however, for bent (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, and chrysene, estimated concentrations in water exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's human health criteria for these carcinogens in water and aquatic organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., and Rose, D., 1997, Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas: Chemosphere, v. 34, no. 3, p. 551-566, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8.","startPage":"551","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8"},{"id":228003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b2de4b0c8380cd74567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J.B.","contributorId":89165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, D.R.","contributorId":62771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020141,"text":"70020141 - 1997 - A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020141","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","docAbstract":"An approach for calculating bird densities from variable circular-plot counts is described. The approach differs from previous methods in that data from several surveys are pooled and detection distances are adjusted as if all distances were recorded by a single observer under a given set of field conditions. Adjustments for covariates that affect detection distances such as observer, weather, time of day, and vegetation type are made using coefficients calculated by multiple linear regression. The effective area surveyed under standard conditions is calculated from the pooled data set and then used to determine the effective area surveyed at each sampling station under the actual conditions when the station was sampled. The method was validated in two field studies where the density of birds could be determined by independent methods. Computer software for entering and analyzing data by this method is described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S., 1997, A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts: Pacific Science, v. 51, no. 1, p. 107-114.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49be4b0c8380cd4676c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020322,"text":"70020322 - 1997 - Bryozoa of the Murdock Mountain formation (Wordian, Permian), Leach Mountains, northeastern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-06T11:25:18.04459","indexId":"70020322","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bryozoa of the Murdock Mountain formation (Wordian, Permian), Leach Mountains, northeastern Nevada","docAbstract":"A thin limestone tongue in the upper part of the Murdock Mountain Formation of northeastern Nevada contains abundant bryozoans of earliest Wordian age. This bryozoan fauna is close to the Kungurian-Kazanian boundary in Russia. These bryozoans are younger than those found in the Kaibab Formation of southern Nevada and slightly older than those in the Gerster Limestone of northern Nevada. This limestone tongue, herein referred to as the Stenodiscus beds, lies below the Thamnosia beds described by Wardlaw in the Murdock Mountain section of the Leach Mountains. This bryozoan-rich limestone tongue serves as a marker unit for mapping the Murdock Formation in the Leach Mountains.
Nine new species of bryozoans occur in the Stenodiscus beds of the Murdock Mountain Formation: Hinganella felderi, Neoeridotrypella schilti, Stenopora parvaexozona, Stenodiscus murdockensis, Dyscritella acanthostylia, Pseudobatostomella irregularis, Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) elongata, Morozoviella praecurriensis, and Thamniscus erraticus, Hinganella felderi, Neoeridotrypella schilti, Dyscritella acanthostylia, and Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) elongata are very similar to species described from Russia.
Three acidic extractants (I) di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP), (II) 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEHPEHE) and (III) naphthenic acid were employed in preparing the samples for the characterization of the coordination structure of lanthanide-extractant complexes and the physicochemica nature of aggregates formed in the organic diluent of the solvent extraction systems. Photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS) results on the aggregates formed by the partially saponified HDEHP in n-heptane showed that the hydrodynamic radius of the aggregates was comparable to the molecular dimensions of HDEHP. The addition of 2-octanol into the diluent, by which the mixed solvent was formed, increased the dimensions of the corresponding aggregates. Aggregates formed from the lanthanide ions and HDEHP in the organic phase of the extraction systems were found very unstable. In the case of naphthenic acid, PCS data showed the formation of w/o microemulsion from the saponified naphthenic acid in the mixed solvent. The extraction of lanthanides by the saponified naphthenic acid in the mixed solvent under the given experimental conditions was a process of destruction of the w/o microemulsion. A possible mechanism of the breakdown of the w/o microemulsion droplets is discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02882189","issn":"10069291","usgsCitation":"Zhou, N., Wu, J., Yu, Z., Neuman, R.D., Wang, D., and Xu, G., 1997, Investigation of aggregation in solvent extraction of lanthanides by acidic extractants (organophosphorus and naphthenic acid): Science in China, Series B: Chemistry, v. 40, no. 1, p. 61-71, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02882189.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228002,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e7ee4b0c8380cd63e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, N.","contributorId":31539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wu, J.","contributorId":56998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, Z.","contributorId":32696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neuman, R. D.","contributorId":27199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Xu, G.","contributorId":67235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}