Herbicide compounds were prevalent in ground water across Iowa, being detected in 70% of the 106 municipal wells sampled during the summer of 1995. Herbicide degradation products were three of the four most frequently detected compounds for this study. The degradation product alachlor ethanesulfonic acid was the most frequently detected compound (65.1%), followed by atrazine (40.6%), and the degradation products deethylatrazine (34.9%), and cyanazine amide (19.8%). The corn herbicide acetochlor, first registered for widespread use in the United States in March 1994, was detected in a single water sample. No reported herbicide compound concentrations for this study exceeded currem U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's maximum contaminant levels or health advisory levels for drinking water, although the herbicide degradation products examined have yet to have such levels established.
\nThe occurrence of herbicide compounds had a significant, inverse relation to well depth and a significant, positive relation to dissolved-oxygen concentration. It is felt that both well depth and dissolved oxygen are acting as rough surrogates to ground-water age, with younger ground water being more likely to contain herbicide compounds. The occurrence of herbicide compounds was substantially different among the major aquifer types across Iowa, being detected in 82.5% of the alluvial, 81.8% of the bedrock/ karst region, 40.0% of the glacial-drift, and 25.0% of the bedrock/nonkarst region aquifers. The observed distribution was partially attributed to variations in general ground-water age among these aquifer types. A significant, inverse relation was determined between total herbicide compound concentrations in ground water and the average soil slope within a 2-km radius of sampled wells. Steeper soil slopes may increase the likelihood of surface runoff occurring rather than ground-water infiltration–decreasing the transport of herbicide compounds to ground water. As expected, a significant positive relation was determined between intensity of herbicide use and herbicide concentrations in ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00134.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Kalkhoff, S., Goolsby, D.A., Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., and Thurman, E., 1997, Occurrence of selected herbicides and herbicide degradation products in Iowa's Ground Water, 1995: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 4, p. 679-688, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00134.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"679","endPage":"688","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c2ee4b0c8380cd74abd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sneck-Fahrer, D. A.","contributorId":58328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneck-Fahrer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019872,"text":"70019872 - 1997 - Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:21:40.794351","indexId":"70019872","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acidic deposition, cation mobilization, and biochemical indicators of stress in healthy red spruce","docAbstract":"Dendrochemical and biochemical markers link stress in apparently healthy red spruce trees (Picea rubens) to acidic deposition. Acidic deposition to spruce forests of the northeastern USA increased sharply during the 1960s. Previous reports related visible damage of trees at high elevations to root and soil processes. In this report, dendrochemical and foliar biochemical markers indicate perturbations in biological processes in healthy red spruce trees across the northeastern USA. Previous research on the dendrochemistry of red spruce stemwood indicated that under uniform environmental conditions, stemwood concentrations of Ca and Mg decreased with increasing radial distance from the pith. For nine forest locations, frequency analysis shows that 28 and 52% of samples of red spruce stemwood formed in the 1960s are enriched in Ca and Mg, respectively, relative to wood formed prior to and after the 1960s. This enrichment in trees throughout the northeastern USA may be interpretable as a signal of increased availability of essential cations in forest soils. Such a temporary increase in the availability of Ca and Mg could be caused by cation mobilization, a consequence of increased acidic deposition. During cation mobilization, essential Ca and Mg as well as potentially harmful Al become more available for interaction with binding sites in the soil and absorbing roots. As conditions which favor cation mobilization continue, Ca and Mg can be leached or displaced from the soil. A measure of the interaction between Ca and Al is the Al/Ca binding ratio (molar charge ratio of exchangeable Al to exchangeable Ca). As the Al/Ca binding ratio in the root zone increased from 0.3 to 1.9, the foliar concentration of the biochemical stress marker putrescine also increased from 45 to 145 nm g−1. The correlation of the putrescine concentration to the Al/Ca binding ratio (adj. r2 = 0.68, P < 0.027) suggests that foliar stress may be linked to soil chemistry.
We described the relations between abundance of macroinvertebrates and several habitat variables in Crow Creek within F.E. Warren Air Force Base, Laramie County, Wyoming. Water velocity and longitudinal location showed the highest numbers of significant correlations with abundance of macroinvertebrate taxa. Changes in the macroinvertebrate community with changes in longitudinal location appeared to result from increasing urbanization with downstream movement. Caenis lattipennis, Ceratopogonidae, and Dubiraphia sp. were rare in the downstream portion of the study reach that has received substantial human disturbance.
Sediment grain size, carbonate content, and stable isotopes in 70-cm-long (∼1500-yr) channel samples from Owens Lake core OL-92 record many oscillations representing climate change in the eastern Sierra Nevada region since 155,000 yr B.P. To first order, the records match well the marine δ18O record. At Owens Lake, however, the last interglaciation appears to span the entire period from 120,000 to 50,000 yr B.P., according to our chronology, and was punctuated by numerous short periods of wetter conditions during an otherwise dry climate. Sediment proxies reveal that the apparent timing of glacial–interglacial transitions, notably the penultimate one, is proxy-dependent. In the grain-size and carbonate-content records this transition is abrupt and occurs at ∼120,000 yr B.P. In contrast, in the isotopic records the transition is gradual and occurs between 145,000 and 120,000 yr B.P. Differences in timing of the transition are attributed to variable responses by proxies to climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1997.1898","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Menking, K., Bischoff, J.L., Fitzpatrick, J., Burdette, J., and Rye, R.O., 1997, Climatic/Hydrologic Oscillations since 155,000 yr B.P. at Owens Lake, California, Reflected in Abundance and Stable Isotope Composition of Sediment Carbonate: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 1, p. 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1898.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"58","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266465,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1898"},{"id":228256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f66be4b0c8380cd4c75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Menking, K.M.","contributorId":45845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menking","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bischoff, J. L.","contributorId":28969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, J.A.","contributorId":52205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burdette, J.W.","contributorId":55983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdette","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019881,"text":"70019881 - 1997 - Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:15:10","indexId":"70019881","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97EO00097","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Flueh, E., Fisher, M., Scholl, D., Parsons, T., ten Brink, U., Klaeschen, D., Kukowski, N., Trehu, A., Childs, J., Bialas, J., and Vidal, N., 1997, Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 78, no. 15, p. 153-157, https://doi.org/10.1029/97EO00097.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00097","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97EO00097"}],"volume":"78","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b878de4b08c986b31654f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flueh, E.","contributorId":55591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flueh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M.","contributorId":66627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, D.","contributorId":55165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaeschen, D.","contributorId":88895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaeschen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kukowski, Nina","contributorId":94056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukowski","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trehu, A.","contributorId":28372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Childs, J.","contributorId":74155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bialas, J.","contributorId":19315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vidal, N.","contributorId":43514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70020076,"text":"70020076 - 1997 - Comparison of two fluorescent antibody techniques (FATS) for detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum in coelomic fluid of spawning chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T10:25:46","indexId":"70020076","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of two fluorescent antibody techniques (FATS) for detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum in coelomic fluid of spawning chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha","docAbstract":"Two versions of the fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) were compared for detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum in coelomic fluid samples from naturally infected spawning chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. For the membrane filtration-FAT (MF-FAT), trypsin-treated samples were passed through 0.2 ??m polycarbonate filters to concentrate bacteria for direct enumeration by immunofluorescence microscopy. For the smear-FAT (S-FAT), samples were centrifuged at 8800 x g for 10 min and the pelleted material was smeared on slides for immunofluorescence staining Detected prevalences of Renibacterium salmoninarum were 1.8 to 3.4 times higher by the MF-FAT than by the S-FAT: differences were significant at p ??? 0.0002. The S-FAT consistently detected R. salmoninarum only in samples with calculated bacterial concentrations ??? 2.4 x 103 cells ml-1 by MF-FAT testing. Increasing the area examined on a filter or slide from 50 to 100 microscope fields at 1000x magnification resulted in the detection of a maximum of 4% additional positive samples by the MF-FAT and 7% additional positive samples by the S-FAT. In individual samples for which bacterial counts were obtained by both the MF-FAT and the S-FAT, the counts averaged from 47 times (??30 SD) to 175 times (??165 SD) higher by the MF-FAT. Centrifugation of samples at 10000 x g for 10 min resulted in a 4-fold increase in mean bacterial counts by the S-FAT compared with a 10-min centrifugation at 2000 x g, but the highest calculated bacterial concentration obtained by S-FAT testing was more than 6-fold lower than that obtained for the same sample by MF-FAT testing. Because of its greater sensitivity, the MF-FAT is preferable to the S-FAT for use in critical situations requiring the detection of low numbers of R. salmoninarum.","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao030037","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D., and McKibben, C., 1997, Comparison of two fluorescent antibody techniques (FATS) for detection and quantification of Renibacterium salmoninarum in coelomic fluid of spawning chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 30, no. 1, p. 37-43, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao030037.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487273,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao030037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265856,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao030037"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b8e4b0c8380cd4d258","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKibben, C.L.","contributorId":51483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKibben","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020025,"text":"70020025 - 1997 - Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T11:26:07.180803","indexId":"70020025","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural chemicals in alluvial aquifers in Missouri after the 1993 flood","docAbstract":"Intense rains produced flooding during the spring and summer of 1993 over much of the midwestern USA including many agricultural areas of Missouri. Because of potential contamination from floodwater, an investigation was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of agricultural chemicals in water samples from alluvial wells in Missouri after the flood. Water samples from 80 alluvial wells with historical data were collected in March, July, and November 1994, and analyzed for dissolved herbicides, herbicide metabolites, and nitrate (NO3). There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of alachlor ((2,chloro-2′-6′-diethyl-N-[methoxymethyl]-acetanilide), atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1, 3, 5 triazine), and nitrate concentrations between pre- and postflood samples (α = 0.05). The detection frequency of alachlor and atrazine in postflood samples was generally lower than the frequency in preflood samples. Analyses of agricultural chemicals in water samples from an intensely sampled well field indicate significant differences between the distribution of dissolved P concentrations in pre- and postflood samples (α = 0.05). However, no significant differences were detected between the pre- and postflood distributions of NO3 or ammonia concentrations. Because of the numerous sources of temporal variability and the relatively short record of water-quality data for the study wells, a cause-and-effect relation between changes in agricultural chemical concentrations and a single factor of the 1993 flood is difficult to determine. Based on the results of this study, the 1993 flood did not cause widespread or long-term significant changes in concentrations of agricultural chemicals in water from alluvial aquifers in Missouri.
We develop simple relations to estimate dynamic displacement gradients (and hence the strains and rotations) during earthquakes in the lake-bed zone of the Valley of Mexico, where the presence of low-velocity, high-water content clays in the uppermost layers cause dramatic amplification of seismic waves and large strains. The study uses results from a companion article (Bodin et al., 1997) in which the data from an array at Roma, a lake-bed site, were analyzed to obtain displacement gradients. In this article, we find that the deformations at other lake-bed sites may differ from those at Roma by a factor of 2 to 3. More accurate estimates of the dominant components of the deformation at an individual instrumented lake-bed site may be obtained from the maximum horizontal velocity and displacement, νmax and umax, at the surface. The maximum surface strain ɛmax is related to νmax by ɛmax = νmax/C, with C ∼ 0.6 km/sec. From the analysis of data from sites equipped with surface and borehole sensors, we find that the vertical gradient of peak horizontal displacement (Δumax/Δz) computed from sensors at 0 and 30 m equals (umax)z=0/Δz, Δz = 30 m, within a factor of 1.5. This is the largest gradient component, and the latter simple relation permits its estimation from surface records alone. The observed profiles of umax versus depth suggest a larger gradient in some depth range of 10 to 20 m, in agreement with synthetic calculations presented in Bodin et al. (1997).
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870030540","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Singh, S., Santoyo, M., Bodin, P., and Gomberg, J., 1997, Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part II: Single-station estimates: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 3, p. 540-550, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870030540.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.73585525942752,\n 16.184568824110528\n ],\n [\n -94.73585525942752,\n 22.056586804438297\n ],\n [\n -104.90919510317728,\n 22.056586804438297\n ],\n [\n -104.90919510317728,\n 16.184568824110528\n ],\n [\n -94.73585525942752,\n 16.184568824110528\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0424e4b0c8380cd507ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, S.K.","contributorId":104234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santoyo, M.","contributorId":33073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santoyo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020007,"text":"70020007 - 1997 - Changes in driftwood delivery to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: The hypothesis of postglacial oscillations of the transpolar drift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-14T14:58:46.662321","indexId":"70020007","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in driftwood delivery to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: The hypothesis of postglacial oscillations of the transpolar drift","docAbstract":"Driftwood appears to be absent in the Beaufort Gyre but abundant in parts of the Transpolar Drift (TPD), which crosses the Arctic Ocean from the Chukchi Sea to the vicinity of northeastern Greenland. Nearly 300 radiocarbon dates on Holocene driftwood from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago reveal two regions with contrasting histories of driftwood incursion: the region accessible to wood brought into Baffin Bay by the West Greenland Current and the rest of the archipelago, which receives wood from the Arctic Ocean. We hypothesize that when the TPD was deflected westward along northern Greenland, wood was delivered widely to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago; when the TPD exited entirely through Fram Strait via the East Greenland Current, little or no wood was delivered to most of the archipelago, but some continued into Baffin Bay via the West Greenland Current. A split TPD delivered wood to both regions. The regional driftwood incursion histories exhibit multiple maxima and minima that can be explained through this hypothesis. The Larix to Picea ratio of wood arriving in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago has also changed through time. This may indicate varying contributions from Russian versus North American sources, which in turn may indicate variable mixing of wood en route. The inferred discharge paths of the TPD were apparently stable for intervals ranging from several millennia to centuries or perhaps only decades. The last major switch broadly correlates with the onset of Neoglaciation. Variations in the path and strength of the TPD may have important oceanographic and climatic consequences downstream in the North Atlantic Ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic1086","usgsCitation":"Dyke, A.S., England, J., Reimnitz, E., and Jette, H., 1997, Changes in driftwood delivery to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: The hypothesis of postglacial oscillations of the transpolar drift: Arctic, v. 50, no. 1, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1086.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479956,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1086","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f410e4b0c8380cd4bb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, A. S.","contributorId":8240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyke","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"England, J.","contributorId":42376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jette, H.","contributorId":39957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jette","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020011,"text":"70020011 - 1997 - Late Cenozoic history and slip rates of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak, and Deep Springs fault zones, Nevada and California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T12:16:38.377398","indexId":"70020011","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic history and slip rates of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak, and Deep Springs fault zones, Nevada and California","docAbstract":"Several well-dated stratigraphic markers permit detailed assessment of the temporal and spatial variation in slip rates along the interconnected faults of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak, and Deep Springs fault zones in west-central Nevada and east-central California. Right-lateral motion on the Fish Lake Valley fault zone apparently began ca. 10 Ma (11.9–8.2 Ma). Associated extensional faulting probably began ca. 5 Ma (6.9–4 Ma) and resulted in the opening of Fish Lake Valley and Deep Springs Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0280:LCHASR>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., and Sawyer, T.L., 1997, Late Cenozoic history and slip rates of the Fish Lake Valley, Emigrant Peak, and Deep Springs fault zones, Nevada and California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 3, p. 280-299, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0280:LCHASR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"280","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.13005069801096,\n 38.01193091917341\n ],\n [\n -118.65427248145738,\n 38.01193091917341\n ],\n [\n -118.65427248145738,\n 36.14461278900713\n ],\n [\n -117.13005069801096,\n 36.14461278900713\n ],\n [\n -117.13005069801096,\n 38.01193091917341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44c4e4b0c8380cd66d70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, M.C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":36128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sawyer, T. L.","contributorId":13252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019839,"text":"70019839 - 1997 - Assessing aquifer contamination risk using immunoassay: Trace analysis of atrazine in unsaturated zone sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T09:34:45","indexId":"70019839","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing aquifer contamination risk using immunoassay: Trace analysis of atrazine in unsaturated zone sediments","docAbstract":"The vulnerability of a shallow aquifer in south-central Kansas to contamination by atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamines-triazine) was assessed by analyzing unsaturated zone soil and sediment samples from about 60 dryland and irrigated sites using an ultrasensitive immunoassay (detection level of 0.02 µg/kg) with verification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Samples were collected at depths of 0 to 1.2 m (i.e., the root zone), 1.2 to 1.8 m, and 1.8 to 3.0 m during two time periods-prior to planting and after harvest of crops. About 75% of the samples contained detectable concentrations of parent atrazine. At the shallow sampling depth, atrazine concentrations ranged from 0.5 to approximately 12 µg/kg. Atrazine concentrations at the intermediate (1.2-1.8 m) depth generally were <1.0 µg/kg, with most of the concentrations <0.10 µg/kg, which suggests substantial degradation of parent atrazine in the root zone. Likewise, atrazine concentrations front the deepest (1.8-3.0 m) depth ranged from <0.02 to 0.33 µg/kg. The metabolite deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6- isopropylamine-s-triazine) was detected by GC/MS only in 2 of 60 samples with concentrations of 1.4 and 1.5 µg/kg. The reconnaissance survey shows that, in spite of atrazine use ranging from 1 to 5 or more years, there does not appear to he a significant buildup of parent compound below the root zone. Therefore, the unsaturated zone does not appear to be a major storage compartment of atrazine contamination for the underlying shallow aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040020x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Thurman, E., 1997, Assessing aquifer contamination risk using immunoassay: Trace analysis of atrazine in unsaturated zone sediments: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1080-1089, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040020x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1080","endPage":"1089","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edcae4b0c8380cd499e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020012,"text":"70020012 - 1997 - Response of Olive View Hospital to Northridge and Whittier earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:41:45.136017","indexId":"70020012","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of Olive View Hospital to Northridge and Whittier earthquakes","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to study the response of the conventionally designed new Olive View Medical Center (OVMC) building at 16 km from the epicenter of the January 17, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake (Ms= 6.8). OVMC is on an alluvial deposit. The building was subjected to design level peak accelerations during the earthquake and suffered only limited structural and nonstructural damage. The recorded motions at different levels of the OVMC building as well as its associated free-field sites are analyzed using spectral analyses and system identification techniques. The new OVMC building was conservatively designed in 1976 with very high lateral load resisting capability—particularly as a reaction to the detrimental fate of the original Olive View Hospital that was heavily damaged during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. The original hospital building was later razed. The replacement structure, the new cross-shaped OVMC building, experienced peak acceleration of 2.31g at the roof while its peak ground floor acceleration was 0.82g. The free-field peak acceleration was 0.91g. The lateral load resisting system of the OVMC building consists of concrete shear walls in the lower two stories and steel shear walls at the perimeter of the upper four stories. Spectral analysis shows that this stiff structure was not affected by the long duration pulses of the motions recorded at this site.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:4(389)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1997, Response of Olive View Hospital to Northridge and Whittier earthquakes: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 123, no. 4, p. 389-396, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:4(389).","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"396","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa1ce4b0c8380cd86154","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, M.","contributorId":36946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019545,"text":"70019545 - 1997 - Ordovidan K-bentonites in the Precordillera of San Juan and its tectomasmatic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:32:59.376153","indexId":"70019545","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3293,"text":"Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ordovidan K-bentonites in the Precordillera of San Juan and its tectomasmatic significance","docAbstract":"A succession of approximately 35 early Middle Ordovician K-bentonite beds are exposed in the Precordillera region near the town of Jachal, in San Juan Province (at Cerro Viejo and La Chilca sections). They occur in argillaceous limestone in the upper part of the San Juan Limestone and in the interbedded shales and mudstones at the base of the overlying Los Azules Formation. Total thickness of the K-bentonite-bearing interval is 23 m and individual beds range from 1 to 65 cm thick. An essentially Arenig-Llanvirn age for the K-bentonite succession is indicated by the presence of graptolites diagnostic of the Paraglossograptus tentaculatus Zone and conodonts indicating the Eoplacognathus suecicus Zone. The bentonites consist mainly of Rl ordered illite/smectite, characteristic of most of the lower Paleozoic K-bentonites, plus volcanogenic crystals. Similar to other K-bentonites, these probably represent the distal, glass-rich portion of fall-out ash beds derived from collision zone explosive volcanism. The geochemical data and preliminary plots on the magmatic discrimination diagram indicate the parental magma was of rhyolite to trachyandesite composition. Tectonic discrimination diagrams show the setting of Cerro Viejo ash layers as falling on the boundary between volcanic arc and within plate rocks, typical of collision margin felsic volcanic rocks. U-Pb isotope dating for two zircon fractions from one sample show a lower concordia intercept of 461, +7-10 Ma coincident with the biostratigraphic age. Thus, they have important implications for the origin and early history of the allochtonous Precordillera terrane and the Pacific margin of South America. Furthermore, they are potentially important in interpretations of the paleogeographic relations of Laurentia and Gondwana during Ordovician time. ?? 1997 Asociacio??n Geolo??gica Argentina.
","language":"English, Spanish","issn":"00044822","usgsCitation":"Cingolani, C., Huff, W., Bergstrom, S., and Kolata, D., 1997, Ordovidan K-bentonites in the Precordillera of San Juan and its tectomasmatic significance: Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, v. 52, no. 1, p. 47-55.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f64e4b0c8380cd75a82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cingolani, C.A.","contributorId":52345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cingolani","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huff, W.","contributorId":84096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergstrom, S.","contributorId":10179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolata, D.","contributorId":76895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolata","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020043,"text":"70020043 - 1997 - Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020043","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling","docAbstract":"Two semi-implicit, one-dimensional, finite-difference hydrodynamic models are described and evaluated with the aid of a numerical example. The three-time-level scheme is the more promising method for implementation in an efficient three-dimensional transient code.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part D","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Larock, B., 1997, Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling, in Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. B pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 773-778.","startPage":"773","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"B pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d05e4b08c986b31822b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larock, B.E.","contributorId":82854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larock","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019948,"text":"70019948 - 1997 - Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T20:07:30.204207","indexId":"70019948","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis","docAbstract":"The tectonic setting of intraplate magmas, typically a plume intersecting a rift, is ideal for the development of Ni – Cu – platinum-group element-bearing sulphides. The plume transports metal-rich magmas close to the mantle–crust boundary. The interaction of the rift and plume permits rapid transport of the magma into the crust, thus ensuring that no sulphides are lost from the magma en route to the crust. The rift may contain sediments which could provide the sulphur necessary to bring about sulphide saturation in the magmas. The plume provides large volumes of mafic magma; thus any sulphides that form can collect metals from a large volume of magma and consequently the sulphides will be metal rich. The large volume of magma provides sufficient heat to release large quantities of S from the crust, thus providing sufficient S to form a large sulphide deposit. The composition of the sulphides varies on a number of scales: (i) there is a variation between geographic areas, in which sulphides from the Noril'sk–Talnakh area are the richest in metals and those from the Muskox intrusion are poorest in metals; (ii) there is a variation between textural types of sulphides, in which disseminated sulphides are generally richer in metals than the associated massive and matrix sulphides; and (iii) the massive and matrix sulphides show a much wider range of compositions than the disseminated sulphides, and on the basis of their Ni/Cu ratio the massive and matrix sulphides can be divided into Cu rich and Fe rich. The Cu-rich sulphides are also enriched in Pt, Pd, and Au; in contrast, the Fe-rich sulphides are enriched in Fe, Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh. Nickel concentrations are similar in both. Differences in the composition between the sulphides from different areas may be attributed to a combination of differences in composition of the silicate magma from which the sulphides segregated and differences in the ratio of silicate to sulphide liquid (R factors). The higher metal content of the disseminated sulphides relative to the massive and matrix sulphides may be due to the fact that the disseminated sulphides equilibrated with a larger volume of magma than massive and matrix sulphides. The difference in composition between the Cu- and Fe-rich sulphides may be the result of the fractional crystallization of monosulphide solid solution from a sulphide liquid, with the Cu-rich sulphides representing the liquid and the Fe-rich sulphides representing the cumulate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-030","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Barnes, S., Zientek, M.L., and Severson, M., 1997, Ni, Cu, Au, and platinum-group element contents of sulphides associated with intraplate magmatism: A synthesis: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 4, p. 337-351, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-030.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"351","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228106,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Noril'sk–Talnakh area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 70.13702294304795\n ],\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 68.26505456840746\n ],\n [\n 93.63528458262721,\n 68.26505456840746\n ],\n [\n 93.63528458262721,\n 70.13702294304795\n ],\n [\n 83.84712542896187,\n 70.13702294304795\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6632e4b0c8380cd72d4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, S.-J.","contributorId":95631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"S.-J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zientek, M. L.","contributorId":6118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Severson, M.J.","contributorId":54753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019949,"text":"70019949 - 1997 - In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70019949","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada","docAbstract":"Borehole televiewer and hydrologic logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were carried out in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Precision temperature and spinner flowmeter logs were also acquired in well 73B-7, with and without simultaneously injecting water into the well. Localized perturbations to well-bore temperature and flow were used to identify hydraulically conductive fractures. Comparison of these data with fracture orientations from the televiewer log indicates that permeable fractures within and adjacent to the Stillwater fault zone are critically stressed, potentially active shear planes in the current west-northwest extensional stress regime at Dixie Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 36th US Rock Mechanics ISRM International Symposium","conferenceDate":"29 June 1997 through 2 July 1997","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci Ltd","publisherLocation":"Exeter, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S., Barton, C.A., Zoback, M.D., Morin, R., Sass, J., and Benoit, R., 1997, In situ stress and fracture permeability along the Stillwater fault zone, Dixie Valley Nevada: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 34, no. 3-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1.","startPage":"414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206054,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00169-1"},{"id":228107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ace4b0c8380cd619de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, C. A.","contributorId":47097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R.","contributorId":6210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sass, J.","contributorId":65623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benoit, R.","contributorId":97651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019879,"text":"70019879 - 1997 - Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:45:46","indexId":"70019879","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Passaic Formation consists of gradational sequences of mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, and is a principal aquifer in central New Jersey. Ground‐water flow is primarily controlled by fractures interspersed throughout these sedimentary rocks and characterizing these fractures in terms of type, orientation, spatial distribution, frequency, and transmissivity is fundamental towards understanding local fluid‐transport processes. To obtain this information, a comprehensive suite of geophysical logs was collected in 10 wells roughly 46 m in depth and located within a .05 km2 area in Hopewell Township, New Jersey. A seemingly complex, heterogeneous network of fractures identified with an acoustic televiewer was statistically reduced to two principal subsets corresponding to two distinct fracture types: (1) bedding‐plane partings and (2) high‐angle fractures. Bedding‐plane partings are the most numerous and have an average strike of N84°W and dip of 20° N. The high‐angle fractures are oriented subparallel to these features, with an average strike of N79° E and dip of 71° S, making the two fracture types roughly orthogonal. Their intersections form linear features that also retain this approximately east‐west strike. Inspection of fluid temperature and conductance logs in conjunction with flow meter measurements obtained during pumping allows the transmissive fractures to be distinguished from the general fracture population. These results show that, within the resolution capabilities of the logging tools, approximately 51 (or 18 percent) of the 280 total fractures are water producing. The bedding‐plane partings exhibit transmissivities that average roughly 5 m2/day and that generally diminish in magnitude and frequency with depth. The high‐angle fractures have average transmissivities that are about half those of the bedding‐plane partings and show no apparent dependence upon depth. The geophysical logging results allow us to infer a distinct hydrogeologic structure within this aquifer that is defined by fracture type and orientation. Fluid flow near the surface is controlled primarily by the highly transmissive, subhorizontal bedding‐plane partings. As depth increases, the high‐angle fractures apparently become more dominant hydrologically.
During August–November 1992 and August 1993, bed sediment and fish liver were sampled in the South Platte River Basin and analyzed for 45 elements in bed sediment and 19 elements in fish liver. The results for aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, silver, uranium, and zinc are presented here. All 12 trace elements were detected in bed sediment, but not all were detected in fish liver or in all species of fish. A background concentration of trace elements in bed sediment was calculated using the cumulative frequency curves of trace element concentrations at all sites. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, silver, uranium, and zinc concentrations were greater than background concentrations at sites in mining areas or at sites that have natural sources of these elements. Trace element concentrations in fish liver generally did not follow the same patterns as concentrations in bed sediment, although concentrations of aluminum and cadmium were higher in fish liver collected at mountain sites that had been disturbed by mining. Concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, silver, and zinc increased in bed sediments in urban areas. Iron, silver, and zinc concentrations in fish liver also increased in urban areas. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver, and zinc in fish liver increased in the agricultural areas of the basin. Downstream changes in trace element concentrations may be the result of geological changes in addition to changes in land use along the river.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900182","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Heiny, J., and Tate, C.M., 1997, Concentration, distribution, and comparison of selected trace elements in bed sediment and fish tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992- 1993: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 246-259, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900182.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"259","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228147,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f981e4b0c8380cd4d63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heiny, J. S.","contributorId":18807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heiny","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tate, C. M.","contributorId":97147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019947,"text":"70019947 - 1997 - Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019947","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia","docAbstract":"Six geologic units are recognized in the Cretaceous and the Paleocene sediments of eastern Burke and Screven Counties in Georgia on the basis of lithologic, geophysical, and paleontologic data collected from three continuously cored testholes in Georgia and one testhole in South Carolina. The six geologic units are separated by regional unconformities and are designated from oldest to youngest as the Cape Fear Formation, the Middendorf Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Steel Creek Formation in the Upper Cretaceous section, and the Ellenton and the Snapp Formations in the Paleocene section. The geologic units provide a spatial and temporal framework for the identification and correlation of a basal confining unit beneath the Midville aquifer system and five aquifers and five confining units in the Dublin and the Midville aquifer systems. The Dublin aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the Millers Pond, the upper Dublin, and the lower Dublin aquifers. The Midville aquifer system is divided hydrostratigraphically into the upper and the lower Midville aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the Millers Pond, the lower Dublin, and the lower Midville confining units are nonmarine deposits and are present in the upper part of the Snapp Formation, the Black Creek Group (undivided), and the Middendorf Formation, respectively. Hydrologic data for specific sets of monitoring wells at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina and the Millers Pond site in Georgia confirm that these three units are leaky confining units and locally impede vertical ground-water flow between adjacent aquifers. The fine-grained sediments of the upper Dublin and the upper Midville confining units are marine-deltaic deposits of the Ellenton Formation and the Black Creek Group (undivided), respectively. Hydrologic data confirm that the upper Dublin confining unit regionally impedes vertical ground-water flow on both sides of the Savannah River. The upper Midville confining unit impedes vertical ground-water flow in the middle and downdip parts of the study area and is a leaky confining unit in the updip part of the study area. Recognition of the upper Dublin confining unit as a regional confining unit between the Millers Pond and the upper Dublin aquifers also confirms that the Millers Pond aquifer is a separate hydrologic unit from the rest of the Dublin aquifer system. This multi-aquifer framework increases the vertical hydrostratigraphic resolution of hydraulic properties and gradients in the Dublin and Midville aquifer systems for the investigation of ground-water flow beneath the Savannah River in the vicinity of the U.S. Department of Energy Savannah River Site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Falls, W.F., Baum, J.S., and Prowell, D., 1997, Physical stratigraphy and hydrostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene sediments, Burke and Screven Counties, Georgia: Southeastern Geology, v. 36, no. 4, p. 153-176.","startPage":"153","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7acbe4b0c8380cd790d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falls, W. F. 0000-0003-2928-9795 wffalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-9795","contributorId":60251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falls","given":"W.","email":"wffalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baum, J. S.","contributorId":80716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020041,"text":"70020041 - 1997 - Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020041","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism","docAbstract":"Recalibration of Mariner 10 color image data allows the identification of distinct color units on the mercurian surface. We analyze these data in terms of opaque mineral abundance, iron content, and soil maturity and find color units consistent with the presence of volcanic deposits on Mercury's surface. Additionally, materials associated with some impact craters have been excavated from a layer interpreted to be deficient in opaque minerals within the crust, possibly analogous to the lunar anorthosite crust. These observations suggest that Mercury has undergone complex differentiation like the other terrestrial planets and the Earth's moon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.275.5297.197","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M., and Lucey, P.G., 1997, Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism: Science, v. 275, no. 5297, p. 197-200, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5297.197.","startPage":"197","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5297.197"},{"id":227743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"5297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95c9e4b0c8380cd81c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019956,"text":"70019956 - 1997 - The variable role of slab-derived fluids in the generation of a suite of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the Southernmost Cascades, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70019956","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The variable role of slab-derived fluids in the generation of a suite of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the Southernmost Cascades, California","docAbstract":"The compositional continuum observed in primitive calc-alkaline lavas erupted from small volcanoes across the southernmost Cascade arc is produced by the introduction of a variable proportion of slab-derived fluid into the superjacent peridotite layer of the mantle wedge. Magmas derived from fluid-rich sources are erupted primarily in the forearc and are characterized by Sr and Pb enrichment (primitive mantle-normalized Sr/P > 5.5), depletions of Ta and Nb, low incompatible-element abundances, and MORB-like Sr and Pb isotopic ratios. Magmas derived from fluid-poor sources are erupted primarily in the arc axis and behind the arc, and are characterized by weak enrichment in Sr [1.0 < (Sr/P)N < 1.3], weak depletions in Ta and Nb, higher incompatible-element abundances, and OIB-like Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic ratios. Fluxing the mantle wedge above the subducting slab with H2O-rich fluid stabilizes amphibole and enriches the wedge peridotites in incompatible elements, particularly unradiogenic Sr and Pb. The hydrated amphibole-bearing portion of the mantle wedge is downdragged beneath the forearc, where its solidus is exceeded, yielding melts that are enriched in Sr and Pb, and depleted in Ta and Nb (reflecting both high Sr and Pb relative to Ta and Nb in the fluid, and the greater compatibility of Ta and Nb in amphibole compared to other silicate phases in the wedge). A steady decrease of the fluid-contributed geochemical signature away from the trench is produced by the progressive dehydration of the downdragged portion of the mantle wedge with depth, resulting from melt extraction and increased temperature at the slab-wedge interface. Inverse correlation between incompatible-element abundances and the size of the fluid-contributed geochemical signature is generated by melting of more depleted peridotites, rather than by significant differences in the degree of melting. High-(Sr/P)N lavas of the forearc are generated by melting of a MORB-source-like peridotite that has been fluxed with a greater proportion of slab-derived fluid, and low (Sr/P)N lavas of the arc axis are produced by melting of an OIB-source-like peridotite in the presence of a smaller proportion of slab-derived fluid. This study documents the control that a slab-derived fluid can have on incompatible element and isotopic systematics of arc magmas by 1) the addition of incompatible elements to the wedge, 2) the stabilization of hydrous phases in the wedge, and 3) the lowering of peridotite solidi.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Borg, L.E., Clynne, M., and Bullen, T., 1997, The variable role of slab-derived fluids in the generation of a suite of primitive calc-alkaline lavas from the Southernmost Cascades, California: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 35, no. 2, p. 425-452.","startPage":"425","endPage":"452","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228263,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1b3e4b08c986b3253b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borg, L. E.","contributorId":33863,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019878,"text":"70019878 - 1997 - Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:35:43","indexId":"70019878","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings","docAbstract":"Radial growth and concentrations of selected elements within rings were studied in white pine (Pinus strobus) trees from a wetland in central New York approximately 5 km north of a salt-solution mining field that operated from 1889 to 1988. Trees seemingly document three sequential episodes of mine-induced alterations of groundwater discharge irrigating the wetland during the 100-year period. The radial growth of trees established before the onset of mining declined abruptly in the early 1890s and remained suppressed until about 1960, as did growth of numerous other trees that became established after the onset of mining. Suppressed pre-1960 radial growth coincided with the interval that surface water was injected into the saltbeds, suggesting that losses of injected water to the bedrock and/or unconsolidated deposits increased groundwater flow into the wetland. An abrupt and sustained enhancement of radial growth beginning about 1960 indicates that the wetland became drier, and thus more conducive to tree growth, when injection practices were discontinued in the late 1950s despite the continued pumping of brine. Following the cessation of mining in the late 1980s, head pressures again increased in the upper valley, driving chloride-enriched flow northward along regional bedding-plane fractures and into the wetland. Large concentrations of chloride were detected within the most recently formed rings of some trees. As the result of chloride-enriched irrigation, the radial growth of some trees declined, and some trees died. Thus trees have preserved evidence of a century of hydrologic alterations, unobtainable by other means, where the effects of brine mining have not been documented previously.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR03688","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Kappel, W.M., 1997, Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 3, p. 457-470, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03688.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d2e4b0c8380cd5185e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}