No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., 1997, Seismic sources in southcentral Alaska: A review, results of recent research, and a reappraisal: Newsletter of the Alaska Geological Society, v. 27, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e4645e4b0764e6c61b894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019176,"text":"70019176 - 1997 - Estimation of directional surface wave spectra from a towed research catamaran","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T22:09:47.814983","indexId":"70019176","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2186,"text":"Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of directional surface wave spectra from a towed research catamaran","docAbstract":"During the High-Resolution Remote Sensing Main Experiment (1993), wave height was estimated from a moving catamaran using pitch-rate and roll-rate sensors, a three-axis accelerometer, and a capacitive wave wire. The wave spectrum in the frequency band ranging roughly from 0.08 to 0.3 Hz was verified by independent buoy measurements. To estimate the directional frequency spectrum from a wave-wire array, the Data-Adaptive Spectral Estimator is extended to include the Doppler shifting effects of a moving platform. The method is applied to data obtained from a fixed platform during the Risø Air–Sea Experiment (1994) and to data obtained from a moving platform during the Coastal Ocean Processes Experiment (1995). Both results show that the propagation direction of the peak wind waves compares well with the measured wind direction. When swells and local wind waves are not aligned, the method can resolve the difference of propagation directions. Using the fixed platform data a numerical test is conducted that shows that the method is able to distinguish two wave systems propagating at the same frequency but in two different directions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014%3C1467:EODSWS%3E2.0.CO;2","issn":"07390572","usgsCitation":"Hanson, K., Hara, T., Bock, E., and Karachintsev, A., 1997, Estimation of directional surface wave spectra from a towed research catamaran: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, v. 14, no. 6, p. 1467-1482, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014%3C1467:EODSWS%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1467","endPage":"1482","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226952,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b83e4b0c8380cd5275e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, K.A.","contributorId":12990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hara, T.","contributorId":93215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hara","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bock, E.J.","contributorId":22511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karachintsev, A.B.","contributorId":23288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karachintsev","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019175,"text":"70019175 - 1997 - Three-dimensional upper crustal velocity structure beneath San Francisco Peninsula, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T13:41:42.612033","indexId":"70019175","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional upper crustal velocity structure beneath San Francisco Peninsula, California","docAbstract":"This paper presents new seismic data from, and crustal models of the San Francisco Peninsula. In much of central California the San Andreas fault juxtaposes the Cretaceous granitic Salinian terrane on its west and the Late Mesozoic/Early Tertiary Franciscan Complex on its east. On San Francisco Peninsula, however, the present-day San Andreas fault is completely within a Franciscan terrane, and the Pilarcitos fault, located southwest of the San Andreas, marks the Salinian-Franciscan boundary. This circumstance has evoked two different explanations: either the Pilarcitos is a thrust fault that has pushed Franciscan rocks over Salinian rocks or the Pilarcitos is a transform fault that has accommodated significant right-lateral slip. In an effort to better resolve the subsurface structure of the peninsula faults, we established a temporary network of 31 seismographs arrayed across the San Andreas fault and the subparallel Pilarcitos fault at ∼1–2 km spacings. These instruments were deployed during the first 6 months of 1995 and recorded local earthquakes, air gun sources set off in San Francisco Bay, and explosive sources. Travel times from these sources were used to augment earthquake arrival times recorded by the Northern California Seismic Network and were inverted for three-dimensional velocity structure. Results show lateral velocity changes at depth (∼0.5–7 km) that correlate with downward vertical projections of the surface traces of the San Andreas and Pilarcitos faults. We thus interpret the faults as high-angle to vertical features (constrained to a 70°–110° dip range). From this we conclude that the Pilarcitos fault is probably an important strike-slip fault that accommodated much of the right-lateral plate boundary strain on the peninsula prior to the initiation of the modern-day San Andreas fault in this region sometime after about 3.0 m.y. ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03222","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T., and Zoback, M., 1997, Three-dimensional upper crustal velocity structure beneath San Francisco Peninsula, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B3, p. 5473-5490, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03222.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5473","endPage":"5490","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03222","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb34ce4b08c986b325cdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, M.L.","contributorId":12982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020117,"text":"70020117 - 1997 - Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T23:38:51.894114","indexId":"70020117","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds","docAbstract":"Ten carbonados from Central Africa were studied for U-Th-Pb systematics. To extract U, Th, and Pb from the samples, we developed a cold combustion technique wherein diamond was burnt in liquid oxygen. The technique gave low blanks; 25–50 pg for Pb, 3 pg for U, and 5 pg for Th. After very thorough acid treatments of the carbonados with hot HNO3, HF, and HCl over one week, most of U, Th, and Pb were removed from the samples. Lead in the acid-leached diamonds was highly radiogenic (206Pb/204Pb up to 470). However, the amounts of U and Th in the acid-leached diamonds are too low to account for the radiogenic Pb even if we assume 4.5 Ga for the age of the diamonds. Therefore, we conclude that the radiogenic Pb was implanted into the diamonds from surroundings by means of recoil energy of radioactive decays of U and Th. From the radiogenic lead isotopic composition, we estimate a minimum age of 2.6 Ga and a maximum age of 3.8 Ga for the formation of the carbonados.
The above findings of the implantation of recoiled radiogenic Pb into carbonados is consistent with the process of radiation-induced crystallization which was proposed for carbonado by Kaminsky (1987). We show from some theoretical considerations that when highly energetic particles, such as those emitted from radioactive decay of U and Th, interact with carbonaceous materials, they give rise to cascades of atomic disturbance (over regions of about a few nanometer), and the disturbed atoms are likely to recrystallize to form micro-diamonds because of increasing surface energy due to small size.
The radiation-induced diamond formation mechanism may be relevant to the origin of nano-diamonds in primitive meteorites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ozima, M., and Tatsumoto, M., 1997, Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 2, p. 369-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n 15.21192179474727\n ],\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n -10.179197368424113\n ],\n [\n 34.729452578299686,\n -10.179197368424113\n ],\n [\n 34.729452578299686,\n 15.21192179474727\n ],\n [\n 8.72365452743216,\n 15.21192179474727\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9396e4b0c8380cd80eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ozima, M.","contributorId":49539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182057,"text":"70182057 - 1997 - Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:39:54","indexId":"70182057","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","docAbstract":"We investigated factors affecting incubation time and metabolic rates of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs incubated under constant environmental conditions. Time required to reach the star-pipped stage of hatch varied significantly among females, but not with laying sequence or egg size. Metabolic rate of eggs varied positively with position in the laying sequence and tended to vary among females. Metabolic rate did not vary with egg volume or incubation length. Our results indicate metabolic rate may act as one synchronization mechanism for hatch. The role of maternal effects in development time should be considered in subsequent studies of incubation time in ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370245","usgsCitation":"MacCluskie, M.C., Flint, P.L., and Sedinger, J.S., 1997, Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony: The Condor, v. 99, p. 224-228, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370245.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol99/iss1/32","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57704e4b057081a24ee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCluskie, Margaret C.","contributorId":50643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCluskie","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020141,"text":"70020141 - 1997 - A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020141","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","docAbstract":"An approach for calculating bird densities from variable circular-plot counts is described. The approach differs from previous methods in that data from several surveys are pooled and detection distances are adjusted as if all distances were recorded by a single observer under a given set of field conditions. Adjustments for covariates that affect detection distances such as observer, weather, time of day, and vegetation type are made using coefficients calculated by multiple linear regression. The effective area surveyed under standard conditions is calculated from the pooled data set and then used to determine the effective area surveyed at each sampling station under the actual conditions when the station was sampled. The method was validated in two field studies where the density of birds could be determined by independent methods. Computer software for entering and analyzing data by this method is described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S., 1997, A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts: Pacific Science, v. 51, no. 1, p. 107-114.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49be4b0c8380cd4676c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020166,"text":"70020166 - 1997 - Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020166","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","docAbstract":"Velocity observations from a vertical stack of three-component Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) within the energetic surf-zone are presented. Rapid temporal sampling and small sampling volume provide observations suitable for investigation of the role of turbulent fluctuations in surf-zone dynamics. While sensor performance was good, failure to recover reliable measures of tilt from the vertical compromise the data value. We will present some cursory observations supporting the ADV performance, and examine the sensitivity of stress estimates to uncertainty in the sensor orientation. It is well known that turbulent stress estimates are highly sensitive to orientation relative to vertical when wave motions are dominant. Analyses presented examine the potential to use observed flow-field characteristics to constrain sensor orientation. Results show that such an approach may provide a consistent orientation to a fraction of a degree, but the inherent sensitivity of stress estimates requires a still more restrictive constraint. Regardless, the observations indicate the degree to which stress estimates are dependent on orientation, and provide some indication of the temporal variability in time-averaged stress estimates.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Part 1 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","usgsCitation":"Haines, J.W., and Gelfenbaum, G., 1997, Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?, in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 3, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996, p. 3453-3466.","startPage":"3453","endPage":"3466","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f5e4b08c986b327b3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, B.L","contributorId":111972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"B.L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Haines, John W. 0000-0002-6475-8924 jhaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8924","contributorId":509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"John","email":"jhaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019174,"text":"70019174 - 1997 - Oiled seabird rescue at the J.V. Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County, California, 1968-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019174","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2509,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oiled seabird rescue at the J.V. Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County, California, 1968-1995","docAbstract":"Records of oiled and injured seabirds at the J.V. Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County, California, were collated from the daily log at the Reserve for the period 1968-1995. These records serve to demonstrate that oil spills and chronic oiling have occurred frequently in this area, just south of San Francisco. Common Murres (Uria aalge) were the most frequently-oiled species rescued at the Reserve. Greater efforts should be made by wildlife rehabilitators to collate large volumes of past data (prior to the early 1990s) on oiled and injured seabirds for similar documentation of large or moderate oil spills (including undocumented or poorly-known spills), chronic oiling from small spills, and injuries from other sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10712232","usgsCitation":"Carter, H., 1997, Oiled seabird rescue at the J.V. Fitzgerald Marine Reserve, San Mateo County, California, 1968-1995: Journal of Wildlife Rehabilitation, v. 20, no. 1, p. 3-14.","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d1ce4b0c8380cd74f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, H.R.","contributorId":20680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34154,"text":"Point Reyes Bird Observatory, Stinson Beach, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":381883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019168,"text":"70019168 - 1997 - Recognition of maximum flooding events in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems: Key to global chronostratigraphic correlation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-20T00:54:19.267571","indexId":"70019168","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition of maximum flooding events in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate systems: Key to global chronostratigraphic correlation","docAbstract":"The maximum flooding event within a depositional sequence is an important datum for correlation because it represents a virtually synchronous horizon. This event is typically recognized by a distinctive physical surface and/or a significant change in microfossil assemblages (relative fossil abundance peaks) in siliciclastic deposits from shoreline to continental slope environments in a passive margin setting. Recognition of maximum flooding events in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments is more complicated because the entire section usually represents deposition in continental shelf environments with varying rates of biologic and carbonate productivity versus siliciclastic influx. Hence, this event cannot be consistently identified simply by relative fossil abundance peaks. Factors such as siliciclastic input, carbonate productivity, sediment accumulation rates, and paleoenvironmental conditions dramatically affect the relative abundances of microfossils. Failure to recognize these complications can lead to a sequence stratigraphic interpretation that substantially overestimates the number of depositional sequences of 1 to 10 m.y. duration.
A general framework is developed for modelling rates of survival and recovery of marked animal populations in terms of auxiliary information collected at the time of marking. The framework may be used to estimate differences in survival or recovery among individual animals, groups of animals, and recovery times. Analyses of the recoveries of tagged fish and banded bird populations are used to illustrate the specification and selection of various models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1018530630055","issn":"13528505","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 1997, Modelling heterogeneity in the recoveries of marked animal populations with covariates of individual animals, groups of animals or recovery time: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 4, no. 3, p. 235-246, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018530630055.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"246","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c6ae4b0c8380cd6fc98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1016518,"text":"1016518 - 1997 - Supervised classification of Landsat thematic mapper imagery in a semi-arid rangeland by nonparametric discriminant analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T20:24:27","indexId":"1016518","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supervised classification of Landsat thematic mapper imagery in a semi-arid rangeland by nonparametric discriminant analysis","docAbstract":"In this article the authors used a nonparametric discriminant function in a supervised classification of Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery of a ~240,000-ha semi-arid region in the Snake River Plains, southwestern Idaho. First, agriculture pixels were classified by distance from the soil baseline and water pixels by the thermal band value. Next, successive nonparametric discriminant functions were used to separate grassland and shrubland categories with subsequent classifications of vegetation within major classes. Accuracy in separating grasslands and shrublands was 80 percent and remained consistent relative to different thresholds in minimum percent ground cover defining shrublands. Within major grassland shrubland groups, researchers achieved 64 percent accuracy in separating dominant vegetation classes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Knick, S.T., Rotenberry, J., and Zarriello, T., 1997, Supervised classification of Landsat thematic mapper imagery in a semi-arid rangeland by nonparametric discriminant analysis: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 63, no. 1, p. 79-86.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=470863"}],"volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":324336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rotenberry, J.T.","contributorId":57015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rotenberry","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zarriello, T.J.","contributorId":15153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015921,"text":"1015921 - 1997 - Use of burrow entrances to indicate densities of Townsend's ground squirrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-06T16:17:04.310057","indexId":"1015921","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of burrow entrances to indicate densities of Townsend's ground squirrels","docAbstract":"Counts of burrow entrances have been positively correlated with densities of semi-fossorial rodents and used as an index of densities. We evaluated their effectiveness in indexing densities of Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii) in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (SRBOPNCA), Idaho, by comparing burrow entrance densities to densities of ground squirrels estimated from livetrapping in 2 consecutive years over which squirrel populations declined by >75%. We did not detect a consistent relation between burrow entrance counts and ground squirrel density estimates within or among habitat types. Scatter plots indicated that burrow entrances had little predictive power at intermediate densities. Burrow entrance counts did not reflect the magnitude of a between-year density decline. Repeated counts of entrances late in the squirrels' active season varied in a manner that would be difficult to use for calibration of transects sampled only once during this period. Annual persistence of burrow entrances varied between habitats. Trained observers were inconsistent in assigning active-inactive status to entrances. We recommend that burrow entrance counts not be used as measures or indices of ground squirrel densities in shrubsteppe habitats, and that the method be verified thoroughly before being used in other habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802418","usgsCitation":"Van Horne, B., Schooley, R.L., Knick, S.T., Olson, G.S., and Burnham, K.P., 1997, Use of burrow entrances to indicate densities of Townsend's ground squirrels: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 92-101, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802418.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.45922747785134,\n 43.37232712036618\n ],\n [\n -116.45922747785134,\n 43.17803122464193\n ],\n [\n -116.060348765863,\n 43.17803122464193\n ],\n [\n -116.060348765863,\n 43.37232712036618\n ],\n [\n -116.45922747785134,\n 43.37232712036618\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Horne, Beatrice","contributorId":59001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Horne","given":"Beatrice","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schooley, Robert L.","contributorId":85934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schooley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knick, Steven T. 0000-0003-4025-1704 steve_knick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1704","contributorId":159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knick","given":"Steven","email":"steve_knick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Gail S.","contributorId":19884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015874,"text":"1015874 - 1997 - Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T15:40:14","indexId":"1015874","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters","docAbstract":"We examined the association between the presence of backpack radiotransmitters and Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) reproduction (percentage of occupied territories producing young, and number of nestlings produced) over three years. The association between radio-tagging and nesting success and the number of nestlings produced varied significantly among years. A negative association with tagging was observed in one of three years, which coincided with low prey (jackrabbit) populations and a cold spring. However, small sample size and breeding by subadults may confound this result.
","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Marzluff, J., Vekasy, M., Kochert, M.N., and Steenhof, K., 1997, Productivity of golden eagles wearing backpack radiotransmitters: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 223-227.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"227","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e3fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marzluff, J.M.","contributorId":15152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marzluff","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vekasy, M.S.","contributorId":70345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vekasy","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1015876,"text":"1015876 - 1997 - Interactive effects of prey and weather on golden eagle reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T19:44:30","indexId":"1015876","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactive effects of prey and weather on golden eagle reproduction","docAbstract":"1. The reproduction of the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos was studied in southwestern Idaho for 23 years, and the relationship between eagle reproduction and jackrabbit Lepus californicus abundance, weather factors, and their interactions, was modelled using general linear models. Backward elimination procedures were used to arrive at parsimonious models.
2. The number of golden eagle pairs occupying nesting territories each year showed a significant decline through time that was unrelated to either annual rabbit abundance or winter severity. However, eagle hatching dates were significantly related to both winter severity and jackrabbit abundance. Eagles hatched earlier when jackrabbits were abundant, and they hatched later after severe winters.
3. Jackrabbit abundance influenced the proportion of pairs that laid eggs, the proportion of pairs that were successful, mean brood size at fledging, and the number of young fledged per pair. Weather interacted with prey to influence eagle reproductive rates.
4. Both jackrabbit abundance and winter severity were important in predicting the percentage of eagle pairs that laid eggs. Percentage laying was related positively to jackrabbit abundance and inversely related to winter severity.
5. The variables most useful in predicting percentage of laying pairs successful were rabbit abundance and the number of extremely hot days during brood-rearing. The number of hot days and rabbit abundance were also significant in a model predicting eagle brood size at fledging. Both success and brood size were positively related to jackrabbit abundance and inversely related to the frequency of hot days in spring.
6. Eagle reproduction was limited by rabbit abundance during approximately twothirds of the years studied. Weather influenced how severely eagle reproduction declined in those years.
7. This study demonstrates that prey and weather can interact to limit a large raptor population's productivity. Smaller raptors could be affected more strongly, especially in colder or wetter climates.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.2307/5981","usgsCitation":"Steenhof, K., Kochert, M.N., and McDonald, T.L., 1997, Interactive effects of prey and weather on golden eagle reproduction: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 66, no. 3, p. 350-362, https://doi.org/10.2307/5981.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"350","endPage":"362","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e492ae4b07f02db57cc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steenhof, Karen karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","contributorId":30585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steenhof","given":"Karen","email":"karen_steenhof@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":323276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015675,"text":"1015675 - 1997 - Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T20:38:07","indexId":"1015675","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2082,"text":"International Journal of Wilderness","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous","docAbstract":"Wilderness is vital to the conservation of wildlife species that are prone to conflict with humans and vulnerable to human-caused mortality. These species tend to be large and are often carnivorous. Such animals are typically problematic for humans because they kill livestock and, occasionally, humans, and cause inordinate damage to crops. The vulnerability of large herbivores and carnivores to humans is exacerbated by vigorous markets for wild meat and other body parts, widespread human poverty, and human societies prone to the breakdown of civil order. The survival of wilderness-dependent wildlife is thus not only linked to the preservation of extensive wilderness but is also affected by the health of human societies. Because overt intervention has limited uses in the preservation of wilderness-dependent wildlife, these animals pose a special problem for humanity. Their survival requires that we forgo domination of a substantial portion of the remaining wildlands on Earth.
","language":"English","publisher":"WILD Foundation","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D.J., 1997, Wilderness-dependent wildlife: The large and carnivorous: International Journal of Wilderness, v. 3, no. 4, p. 34-38.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"38","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ijw.org/december-1997/","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2766.000000000000000"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e47da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, David J. david_mattson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"David","email":"david_mattson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015649,"text":"1015649 - 1997 - [Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-11-16T09:43:11","indexId":"1015649","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk","docAbstract":"Review of: Wild Otters, Predation and Populations. By Hans Kruuk. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y., USA. 1995. xi + 290pp., 10 chapters, references, index. $55.00 IBSN 0-19-854070-1 (cloth).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., 1997, [Book review] Wild otters, Predation and populations, by Hans Kruuk: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 3, p. 984-986.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"984","endPage":"986","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132805,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3802216"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ade4b07f02db5c72a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, J. A.","contributorId":53319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014902,"text":"1014902 - 1997 - The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:47:55","indexId":"1014902","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-044/TF","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and McCormick, S., 1997, The ontogeny of salinity tolerance in the American shad, Alosa sapidissima: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 1, p. 182-189.","productDescription":"p. 182-189","startPage":"182","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180932,"text":"70180932 - 1997 - Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T21:45:07.626151","indexId":"70180932","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"Turnagain Arm, just east of Anchorage, provides a readily accessible, world-class cross section through a Mesozoic accretionary wedge. Nearly continuous exposures along the Seward Highway, the Alaska Railroad, and the shoreline of Turnagain Arm display the two main constituent units of the Chugach terrane: the McHugh Complex and Valdez Group. In this paper we describe seven bedrock geology stops along Turnagain Arm, and two others in the Chugach Mountains just to the north (Stops 1-7 and 9), which will be visited as part of the May, 1997 field trip of the Alaska Geological Society. Outcrops along Turnagain Arm have already been described in two excellent guidebook articles (Clark, 1981; Winkler and others 1984), both of which remain as useful and valid today as when first published. Since the early 1980's, studies along Turnagain Arm have addressed radiolarian ages of chert and conodont ages of limestone in the McHugh Complex (Nelson and others, 1986, 1987); geochemistry of basalt in the McHugh Complex (Nelson and Blome, 1991); post-accretion brittle faulting (Bradley and Kusky, 1990; Kusky and others, 1997); and the age and tectonic setting of gold mineralization (Haeussler and others, 1995). Highlights of these newer findings will described both in the text below, and in the stop descriptions.
Superb exposures along the southeastern shore of Kachemak Bay show several other features of the McHugh Complex that are either absent or less convincing along Turnagain Arm. While none of these outcrops can be reached via the main road network, they are still reasonably accessible - all are within an hour by motorboat from Homer, seas permitting. Here, we describe seven outcrops along the shore of Kachemak Bay that we studied between 1989 and 1993 during geologic mapping of the Seldovia 1:250,000- scale quadrangle. These outcrops (Stops 61-67) will not be part of the 1997 itinerary, but are included here tor the benefit of those who may wish to visit them later.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1997 Guide to the geology of the Kenai Peninsula. Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Bradley, D., Kusky, T.M., Karl, S.M., and Haeussler, P.J., 1997, Field guide to the Mesozoic accretionary complex along Turnagain Arm and Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska, chap. of 1997 Guide to the geology of the Kenai Peninsula. Alaska, p. 2-12.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335027,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/alaska/data/024/024001/2_akgs0240002.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Katchemak Bay, Turnagain Arm","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.37219851463183,\n 61.232593249587865\n ],\n [\n -150.37219851463183,\n 60.82088381337712\n ],\n [\n -148.96611137210698,\n 60.82088381337712\n ],\n [\n -148.96611137210698,\n 61.232593249587865\n ],\n [\n -150.37219851463183,\n 61.232593249587865\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.85226137382838,\n 59.83620683066252\n ],\n [\n -152.00806641177434,\n 59.83620683066252\n ],\n [\n -152.00806641177434,\n 59.36890471025441\n ],\n [\n -150.85226137382838,\n 59.36890471025441\n ],\n [\n -150.85226137382838,\n 59.83620683066252\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Dwight 0000-0001-9116-5289 bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-5289","contributorId":2358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Dwight","email":"bradleyorchard2@gmail.com","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusky, Timothy M.","contributorId":11664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusky","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180926,"text":"70180926 - 1997 - Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T11:29:33","indexId":"70180926","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":981,"text":"Behavioral Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis","docAbstract":"We studied male reproductive behavior of the buff-breasted sandpiper Tryngites subruficoills for three yean on a 16-km2 study site in northern Alaska to document variation in male lekking behavior and to explore the causes of that variation. During the breeding season, about 75% of males on the study area displayed on leks, with the remainder displaying solitarily. Leks averaged between 2.3 and 3.0 males each (maximum size = 20). Most leks (69%) were present in only one year and about one-tenth were active all three years. Half of the leks were active for only one survey (maximum of 3-4 days) in a given year. Individual male behavior varied substantially, from remaining at a tingle lek for most of the breeding season or attending multiple leks during the season, to displaying solitarily or displaying both on leks and solitarily. Some males (30% or fewer) displayed near nests during the later part of the breeding season, perhaps attempting to copulate with females during egg-laying. The pro-portion of males that displayed on leks remained consistently high throughout the breeding season despite changes in the operational sex ratio and in the intensity of male-male competition. However, the absolute number of males (lekking and solitary) in the study area was positively correlated with the number of fertile females during both breeding seasons. We suggest that buff-breasted sandpipers may be unusual among lek-breeding birds in that males have the option of leaving areas when the number of fertile females becomes depressed and flying to new areas where breeding opportunities are still available. Breeding opportunities may be especially variable in the high arctic because of uneven snow accumulation and differential melt-off that can delay breeding by two or more weeks. This interpretation suggests that the mating system of the buff-breasted sandpiper must be viewed at a much larger scale than what has typically been used in mating system studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/beheco/8.3.268","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Ephemeral lekking behavior in the buff-breasted sandpiper, Tryngites subruficollis: Behavioral Ecology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 268-278, https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/8.3.268.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain, Prudhoe Bay Oil Field","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c4fe4b0efcedb74110d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180717,"text":"70180717 - 1997 - Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T19:58:12","indexId":"70180717","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":740,"text":"American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper","docAbstract":"Females in lek‐breeding species appear to copulate with a small subset of the available males. Such strong directional selection is predicted to decrease additive genetic variance in the preferred male traits, yet females continue to mate selectively, thus generating the lek paradox. In a study of buff‐breasted sandpipers (Tryngites subruficollis), we combine detailed behavioral observations with paternity analyses using single‐locus minisatellite DNA probes to provide the first evidence from a lek‐breeding species that the variance in male reproductive success is much lower than expected. In 17 and 30 broods sampled in two consecutive years, a minimum of 20 and 39 males, respectively, sired offspring. This low variance in male reproductive success resulted from effective use of alternative reproductive tactics by males, females mating with solitary males off leks, and multiple mating by females. Thus, the results of this study suggests that sexual selection through female choice is weak in buff‐breasted sandpipers. The behavior of other lek‐breeding birds is sufficiently similar to that of buff‐breasted sandpipers that paternity studies of those species should be conducted to determine whether leks generally are less paradoxical than they appear.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/286038","usgsCitation":"Lanctot, R.B., Scribner, K.T., Kempenaers, B., and Weatherhead, P.J., 1997, Lekking without a paradox in the buff-breasted sandpiper: American Naturalist, v. 49, no. 6, p. 1051-1070, https://doi.org/10.1086/286038.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0b9e4b072a7ac129938","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanctot, Richard B.","contributorId":31894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanctot","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kempenaers, Bart","contributorId":54943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kempenaers","given":"Bart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13130,"text":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, Austrian Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weatherhead, Patrick J.","contributorId":179013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weatherhead","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16718,"text":"Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178149,"text":"70178149 - 1997 - Carrier effects of dosing the h4iie cells with 3,3′,4,4tt´etrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) in dimethyl sulfoxide or isooctane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T09:56:57","indexId":"70178149","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carrier effects of dosing the h4iie cells with 3,3′,4,4tt´etrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) in dimethyl sulfoxide or isooctane","docAbstract":"A rat hepatoma cell line, H4IIE serves as a bioassay tool to assess the potential toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in environmental samples. PCB exposure to these cells induces cytochrome (CYP) P4501A1 activity in a dose-dependent fashion, thus allowing assessment of mixtures. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different carriers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and isooctane on the concentrations of PCBs in the H411E cells and induction of CYPIA1 activity as measured by ethoxyresorufm O-deethylase (EROD) activity. H4IIE cells were dosed with three micrograms of UL-14C-PCB77/ plate dissolved in DMSO or isooctane, and were harvested at sequential time periods for 4 days. PCB77 concentration and EROD activity were measured in the cells. EROD activity was greater when using DMSO as compared to isooctane, while there was no difference in the distribution of PCB77-derived radioactivities within the cell culture system based upon the carrier solvent used to deliver PCB77.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00131-8","usgsCitation":"Yu, K.O., Fisher, J.W., Burton, G.A., and Tillitt, D.E., 1997, Carrier effects of dosing the h4iie cells with 3,3′,4,4tt´etrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) in dimethyl sulfoxide or isooctane: Chemosphere, v. 35, no. 4, p. 895-904, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00131-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"895","endPage":"904","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yu, Kyung O.","contributorId":176652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Kyung","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Jeff W.","contributorId":176653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G. Allen Jr.","contributorId":111752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180267,"text":"70180267 - 1997 - Effects of rearing conditions on the Health and physiological quality of fish in Intensive culture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:20:04","indexId":"70180267","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effects of rearing conditions on the Health and physiological quality of fish in Intensive culture","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish stress and health in aquaculture","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G., 1997, Effects of rearing conditions on the Health and physiological quality of fish in Intensive culture, chap. of Fish stress and health in aquaculture, p. 35-72.","productDescription":"38 p. ","startPage":"35","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f9802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary","contributorId":94244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187045,"text":"70187045 - 1997 - NDVI, C3 and C4 production, and distributions in Great Plains grassland land cover classes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T15:45:11.968532","indexId":"70187045","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"NDVI, C3 and C4 production, and distributions in Great Plains grassland land cover classes","title":"NDVI, C3 and C4 production, and distributions in Great Plains grassland land cover classes","docAbstract":"The distributions of C3 and C4 grasses were used to interpret the distribution, seasonal performance, and potential production of grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. Thirteen major grassland seasonal land cover classes were studied with data from three distinct sources. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor were collected for each pixel over a 5-yr period (1989–1993), analyzed for quantitative attributes and seasonal relationships, and then aggregated by land cover class. Data from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database were used to identify dominant plant species contributing to the potential production in each map unit. These species were identified as C3 or C4, and contributions to production were aggregated to provide estimates of the percentage of C3 and C4 production for each intersection of the STATSGO map units and the seasonal land cover classes. Carbon isotope values were obtained at specific sites from the soil organic matter of the upper horizon of soil cores and were related to STATSGO estimates of potential production.
The grassland classes were distributed with broad northwest-to-southeast orientations. Some classes had large variations in C3 and C4 composition with high proportions of C4species in the south and low proportions in the north. This diversity of photosynthetic types within land cover classes that cross regions of different temperature and precipitation results in similar seasonal patterns and magnitudes of NDVI. The easternmost class, 65, containing tallgrass prairie components, bluestem, Indiangrass, and switchgrass, possessed the highest maximum NDVI and time-integrated NDVI values each year. Grassland classes varied over 5 yr from a high integrated NDVI mean of 4.9 in class 65 in the east to a low of 1.2 in class 76 (sand sage, blue grama, wheatgrass, and buffalograss) in the southwest. Although environmental conditions varied widely during the 5 yr, the rankings of class performance were consistent across years for these NDVI metrics. Land cover classes were less consistent in time of onset, which was often earlier in areas in the north dominated by C3 grasses than in areas to the south dominated by C4grasses. At the level of seasonal land cover classes, no significant relationship was found between the proportions of C3 and C4 species and estimates of potential production derived from the STATSGO database or inferred from the seasonal patterns of NDVI. The isotopic data from specific sites and the potential production data from STATSGO suggest similar patterns of high proportional production by C4 species throughout the south and a decline in proportional production north of the central Great Plains. The land cover classes integrate ecosystem units that encompass a wide diversity of species and C3 and C4 proportions and provide a classification that consistently captures significant ecosystem parameters for the Great Plains.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0059:NCACPA]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Tieszen, L., Reed, B.C., Bliss, N.B., Wylie, B.K., and DeJong, B.D., 1997, NDVI, C3 and C4 production, and distributions in Great Plains grassland land cover classes: Ecological Applications, v. 7, no. 1, p. 59-78, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0059:NCACPA]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"78","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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L.L.","contributorId":24046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeJong, Benjamin D. bdejong@usgs.gov","contributorId":2506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeJong","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdejong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":692163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70177043,"text":"70177043 - 1997 - Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:54:38","indexId":"70177043","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure)","docAbstract":"Acute toxicity tests were conducted with Hyalella azteca Saussure (an amphipod) exposed in soft and hard waters to three fire retardants (Fire-Trol GTS-R, Fire-Trol LCG-R, and Phos-Chek D75-F) and two foam suppressants (Phos-Chek WD-881 and Silv-Ex). The chemicals were slightly to moderately toxic to amphipods. The most toxic chemical to amphipods in soft and hard water was Phos-Chek WD-881 (96-h mean lethal concentration [LC50] equal to 10 mg/L and 22 mg/L, respectively), and the least toxic chemical to amphipods in soft water was Fire-Trol GTS-R (96-h LC50 equal to 127 mg/L) and in hard water was Fire-Trol LCG-R (96-h LC50 equal to 535 mg/L). Concentrations of ammonia in tests with the three fire retardants and both water types were greater than reported LC50 values and probably were the major toxic component. Estimated un-ionized ammonia concentrations near the LC50 were frequently less than the reported LC50 ammonia concentrations for amphipods. The three fire retardants were more toxic in soft water than in hard water even though ammonia and un-ionized ammonia concentrations were higher in hard water tests than in soft water tests. The accidental entry of fire-fighting chemicals into aquatic environments could adversely affect aquatic invertebrates, thereby disrupting ecosystem function.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160706","usgsCitation":"McDonald, S.F., Hamilton, S., Buhl, K.J., and Heisinger, J.F., 1997, Acute toxicity of fire-retardant and foam-suppressant chemicals to yalella azteca (Saussure): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 7, p. 1370-1376, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160706.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1370","endPage":"1376","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonald, Susan F.","contributorId":33285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven J.","contributorId":174108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buhl, Kevin J. 0000-0002-9963-2352 kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-2352","contributorId":1396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhl","given":"Kevin","email":"kevin_buhl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heisinger, James F.","contributorId":175438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heisinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}