No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch001","usgsCitation":"Eganhouse, R., 1997, Molecular markers and environmental organic geochemistry: An overview: ACS Symposium Series, v. 671, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch001.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"671","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5cede4b0c8380cd7003d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eganhouse, Robert P. eganhous@usgs.gov","contributorId":2031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eganhouse","given":"Robert P.","email":"eganhous@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019416,"text":"70019416 - 1997 - Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:59:10.676406","indexId":"70019416","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation","docAbstract":"Statistics of earthquakes in California show linear frequency-magnitude relationships in the range of M2.0 to M5.5 for various data sets. Assuming Gutenberg-Richter distributions, there is a systematic decrease in b value with increasing depth of earthquakes. We find consistent results for various data sets from northern and southern California that both include and exclude the larger aftershock sequences. We suggest that at shallow depth (∼0 to 6 km) conditions with more heterogeneous material properties and lower lithospheric stress prevail. Rupture initiations are more likely to stop before growing into large earthquakes, producing relatively more smaller earthquakes and consequently higher b values. These ideas help to explain the depth-dependent observations of foreshocks in the western United States. The higher occurrence rate of foreshocks preceding shallow earthquakes can be interpreted in terms of rupture initiations that are stopped before growing into the mainshock. At greater depth (9–15 km), any rupture initiation is more likely to continue growing into a larger event, so there are fewer foreshocks. If one assumes that frequency-magnitude statistics can be used to estimate probabilities of a small rupture initiation growing into a larger earthquake, then a small (M2) rupture initiation at 9 to 12 km depth is 18 times more likely to grow into a M5.5 or larger event, compared to the same small rupture initiation at 0 to 3 km.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01356","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Abercrombie, R., 1997, Depth dependence of earthquake frequency-magnitude distributions in California: Implications for rupture initiation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B7, p. 15081-15090, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01356.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"15081","endPage":"15090","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226602,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fecee4b0c8380cd4ef37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abercrombie, R.E.","contributorId":57611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abercrombie","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019415,"text":"70019415 - 1997 - Empirical Green's function analysis: Taking the next step","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T13:27:16.64549","indexId":"70019415","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical Green's function analysis: Taking the next step","docAbstract":"An extension of the empirical Green's function (EGF) method is presented that involves determination of source parameters using standard EGF deconvolution, followed by inversion for a common attenuation parameter for a set of colocated events. Recordings of three or more colocated events can thus be used to constrain a single path attenuation estimate. I apply this method to recordings from the 1995–1996 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence; I analyze four clusters consisting of 13 total events with magnitudes between 2.6 and 4.9. I first obtain corner frequencies, which are used to infer Brune stress drop estimates. I obtain stress drop values of 0.3–53 MPa (with all but one between 0.3 and 11 MPa), with no resolved increase of stress drop with moment. With the corner frequencies constrained, the inferred attenuation parameters are very consistent; they imply an average shear wave quality factor of approximately 20–25 for alluvial sediments within the Indian Wells Valley. Although the resultant spectral fitting (using corner frequency and κ) is good, the residuals are consistent among the clusters analyzed. Their spectral shape is similar to the the theoretical one-dimensional response of a layered low-velocity structure in the valley (an absolute site response cannot be determined by this method, because of an ambiguity between absolute response and source spectral amplitudes). I show that even this subtle site response can significantly bias estimates of corner frequency and κ, if it is ignored in an inversion for only source and path effects. The multiple-EGF method presented in this paper is analogous to a joint inversion for source, path, and site effects; the use of colocated sets of earthquakes appears to offer significant advantages in improving resolution of all three estimates, especially if data are from a single site or sites with similar site response.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03488","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., 1997, Empirical Green's function analysis: Taking the next step: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B3, p. 5369-5384, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03488.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"5369","endPage":"5384","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479962,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03488","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0904e4b0c8380cd51d6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019414,"text":"70019414 - 1997 - Chronology of the episode 54 eruption at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from GOES-9 satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019414","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chronology of the episode 54 eruption at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from GOES-9 satellite data","docAbstract":"The free availability of GOES satellite data every 15 minutes makes these data an attractive tool for studying short-term changes on cloud-free volcanoes in the Pacific basin. We use cloud-free GOES-9 data to investigate the chronology of the January 1997, episode 54 eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Seventy-six images for this effusive eruption were collected over a 60-hour period and show the opening and shutdown of active fissures, the draining and refilling of the Pu'u 'O'o lava lake, and the cessation of activity at the ocean entry. Copyright 1997 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Harris, A., Keszthelyi, L., Flynn, L., Mouginis-Mark, P., Thornber, C., Kauahikaua, J., Sherrod, D., Trusdell, F., Sawyer, M., and Flament, P., 1997, Chronology of the episode 54 eruption at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, from GOES-9 satellite data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 24, p. 3281-3284.","startPage":"3281","endPage":"3284","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5f9e4b0c8380cd4c513","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, A.J.L.","contributorId":82878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A.J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, L.P.","contributorId":59302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, P. J.","contributorId":41086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"P. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thornber, C.","contributorId":28629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. 0000-0003-3777-503X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":26087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sherrod, D.","contributorId":49828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trusdell, F.","contributorId":61233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sawyer, M.W.","contributorId":21420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Flament, P.","contributorId":68600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flament","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70019410,"text":"70019410 - 1997 - Frictional strength and velocity-dependence of serpentine gouges under hydrothermal conditions and their seismogeological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019410","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1400,"text":"Dizhen Dizhi","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frictional strength and velocity-dependence of serpentine gouges under hydrothermal conditions and their seismogeological implications","docAbstract":"The velocity - dependence of frictional strength of serpentine gouges has been measured at constant normal stress of 110 MPa, pore pressure of 10 MPa, temperature 25, 100 and 200??C , and at sliding rate ranging from 0. 001 to 10??m/s. At 25??C, the coefficient of friction of chrysotile gouge is very low (?????0. 2-0. 25), while lizardite and antigorite gouge are much stronger, with ?????0. 39 and 0. 45, respectively. The frictional strengths of chrysotile and antigorite gouges change little with a temperature increase to 200??C, whereas the strength of lizardite gouge increases substantially with increasing temperature. At 25??C, all three gouges show a transition from weak velocity weakening at high slip rates to velocity strengthening at low slip rates. With increasing temperature, the velocity dependence of each gouge shifts towards more positive values, especially at high slip rates. Based on this study and previous results, we suggest that the presence of serpentine in the fault zone may contribute to the occurrence of stable creep rather than earthquakes, but this effect may be limited to shallow depths. Although chrysotile is one of the weakest rock - forming minerals, it is still too strong to explain the weakness of the San Andreas fault deduced from heat flow data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dizhen Dizhi","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"02534967","usgsCitation":"Ma, S., Lockner, D., Moore, D., Summers, R., and Byerlee, J., 1997, Frictional strength and velocity-dependence of serpentine gouges under hydrothermal conditions and their seismogeological implications: Dizhen Dizhi, v. 19, no. 2.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13efe4b0c8380cd54832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, S.","contributorId":59189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, D.","contributorId":105307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Summers, R.","contributorId":65483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Byerlee, J.","contributorId":105838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019405,"text":"70019405 - 1997 - Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:38:12","indexId":"70019405","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance","docAbstract":"Blood was analyzed from 151 pelagic marine birds to establish reference ranges for hematological and plasma biochemical parameters from healthy, wild populations of Pacific seabirds. Of the 13 species examined, 9 were from the Family Alcidae (N = 122 individuals) and the remainder (N = 29) from the Families Phalacrocoracidae, Laridae, and Procellariidae. Three of 8 hematological parameters (total white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count) differed significantly among species, as did 9 of 13 plasma biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, cholesterol, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, total protein and field total protein). There were no differences among species for packed cell volume, buffy coat, cell counts of heterophils, monocytes and basophils, or for concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, uric acid and calcium. Plasma calcium concentration, triglyceride levels and field total protein varied significantly between sexes, with females having higher mean concentrations of all 3 parameters. However, no significant relationships between measures of breeding condition (brood patch size, subcutaneous and mesenteric fat deposits, or ovarian follicle size and ovary weight) and calcium or alkaline phosphatase concentrations in female birds could be identified. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid were the only analytes which did not differ significantly between species or sexes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521600","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Newman, S.H., Piatt, J.F., and White, J., 1997, Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: Their ecological significance and clinical importance: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 492-504, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521600.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"504","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3051e4b0c8380cd5d543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, S. H.","contributorId":21888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"White, J.","contributorId":56355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019403,"text":"70019403 - 1997 - The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-16T13:22:33.875567","indexId":"70019403","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3487,"text":"Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes","docAbstract":"In terms of seismically radiated energy or moment release, the earthquake of 20 January 1990 in the Manjil Basin-Alborz Mountain region of Iran is the second largest strike-slip earthquake to have occurred in an intracontinental setting in the past decade. It caused enormous loss of life and the virtual destruction of several cities. Despite a very large meizoseismal area, the identification of the causative faults has been hampered by the lack of reliable earthquake locations and conflicting field reports of surface displacement. Using broadband data from global networks of digitally recording seismographs, we analyse broadband seismic waveforms to derive characteristics of the rupture process. Complexities in waveforms generated by the earthquake indicate that the main shock consisted of a tiny precursory subevent followed in the next 20 seconds by a series of four major subevents with depths ranging from 10 to 15 km. The focal mechanisms of the major subevents, which are predominantly strike-slip, have a common nodal plane striking about 285°–295°. Based on the coincidence of this strike with the dominant tectonic fabric of the region we presume that the EW striking planes are the fault planes. The first major subevent nucleated slightly south of the initial precursor. The second subevent occurred northwest of the initial precursor. The last two subevents moved progressively southeastward of the first subevent in a direction collinear with the predominant strike of the fault planes. The offsets in the relative locations and the temporal delays of the rupture subevents indicate heterogeneous distribution of fracture strength and the involvement of multiple faults. The spatial distribution of teleseismic aftershocks, which at first appears uncorrelated with meizoseismal contours, can be decomposed into stages. The initial activity, being within and on the periphery of the rupture zone, correlates in shape and length with meizoseismal lines. In the second stage of activity the aftershock zone expands and appears to cluster about the geomorphic and geologic features several tens of kilometres from the rupture zone. The activity is interpreted as a regional response to quasistatic stress migration along zones of tectonic weakness. The radiated energy of the main shock and the estimate of seismic moment yields an apparent stress of 20 bars. High apparent stress may be typical of strike slip earthquakes occurring in intracontinental environments undergoing continental collision.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1023336723587","issn":"00393169","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., and Zednik, J., 1997, The rupture process of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990 and implications for intraplate strike-slip earthquakes: Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, v. 41, no. 1, p. 45-63, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023336723587.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bafade4b08c986b324981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zednik, J.","contributorId":77671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zednik","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019401,"text":"70019401 - 1997 - Endictya hendeyi sp. nov., a new coastal diatom species from North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T16:09:03.899944","indexId":"70019401","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1388,"text":"Diatom Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Endictya hendeyi sp. nov., a new coastal diatom species from North America","title":"Endictya hendeyi sp. nov., a new coastal diatom species from North America","docAbstract":"Endictya hendeyi E. Hemphill-Haley sp. nov. is described from Recent and Quaternary, estuarine and marine deposits along the west coast of the United States. This taxon is distinguished by its 1) consistently small valves; 2) areolae of uniform size on the valve face in linear tangential rows; 3) prominent, external spatulate extensions of the rimoportulae at the valve face/mantle junction; 4) externally projecting hyaline rim or flange at the interior edge of the mantle; and 5) discontinuous pattern of pores on the basal siliceous layer. The new species is compared to the generitype, E. oceanica Ehrenberg, as well as E. minor A. Schmidt and E. margaritifera A. Mann.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/0269249X.1997.9705400","usgsCitation":"Hemphill-Haley, E., and Mahood, A.D., 1997, Endictya hendeyi sp. nov., a new coastal diatom species from North America: Diatom Research, v. 12, no. 1, p. 35-42, https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1997.9705400.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0922e4b0c8380cd51e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemphill-Haley, Eileen 0000-0002-6988-5906","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-5906","contributorId":84366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill-Haley","given":"Eileen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahood, Albert D.","contributorId":97493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019398,"text":"70019398 - 1997 - The geodetic signature of the M8.0 Oct. 9, 1995, Jalisco subduction earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:17:03.735287","indexId":"70019398","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geodetic signature of the M8.0 Oct. 9, 1995, Jalisco subduction earthquake","docAbstract":"The October, 1995 Mw 8.0 Jalisco subduction earthquake has provided a thorough geodetic observation of the coseismic subduction process. An 11 station regional GPS network located directly onshore of the rupture demonstrates consistent vertical subsidence verified by tide gauge data and southwest-directed extension, with measured displacements reaching 1 meter. Unusually shallow and non-uniform faulting is required to explain the displacements. We determine that up to 5 meters of slip occurred within the upper 15 km of the thrust fault zone and 2 meters possibly as shallow as 8 km, and that slip was likely distributed in two main patches. The paucity of continental sediments in this subduction zone could be responsible for the anomalously shallow faulting.
The synoptic perspective and rapid mode of data acquisition provided by remote sensing are well suited for the study of volcanic SO2 plumes. In this paper we describe a plume-mapping procedure that is based on image data acquired with NASA's airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) and apply the procedure to TIMS data collected over the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, on September 30, 1988. These image data covered the Pu‘u ‘O ‘o and Kupaianaha vents and a skylight in the lava tube that was draining the Kupaianaha lava pond. Our estimate of the SO2 emission rate from Pu‘u ‘O ‘o (17–20 kg s−1) is roughly twice the average of estimates derived from correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) measurements collected 10 days prior to the TIMS overflight (10 kg s−1). The agreement between the TIMS and COSPEC results improves when we compare SO2 burden estimates, which are relatively independent of wind speed. We demonstrate the feasibility of mapping Pu‘u ‘O ‘o - scale SO2 plumes from space in anticipation of the 1998 launch of the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflectance radiometer (ASTER).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03916","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Realmuto, V., Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 1997, Multispectral thermal infrared mapping of sulfur dioxide plumes: A case study from the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B7, p. 15057-15072, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03916.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15057","endPage":"15072","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226292,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a60a7e4b0c8380cd715e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Realmuto, V.J.","contributorId":60779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Realmuto","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutton, A. J. 0000-0003-1902-3977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-3977","contributorId":28983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elias, T. 0000-0002-9592-4518","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-4518","contributorId":71195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elias","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019394,"text":"70019394 - 1997 - Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:47:30","indexId":"70019394","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water","docAbstract":"An analytical method is described that can detect the major alkyl ether compounds that are used as gasoline oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE; and tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and their most characteristic degradation products (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA; tert-butyl formate, TBF; and tert-amyl alcohol, TAA) in water at sub-ppb concentrations. The new method involves gas chromatography (GC) with direct aqueous injection (DAI) onto a polar column via a splitless injector, coupled with detection by mass spectrometry (MS). DAI-GC/MS gives excellent agreement with conventional purge-and-trap methods for MTBE over a wide range of environmentally relevant concentrations. The new method can also give simultaneous identification of polar compounds that might occur as degradation products of gasoline oxygenates, such as TBA, TBF, TAA, methyl acetate, and acetone. When the method was applied to effluent from a column microcosm prepared with core material from an urban site in New Jersey, conversion of MTBE to TBA was observed after a lag period of 35 days. However, to date, analyses of water samples from six field sites using the DAI-GC/MS method have not produced evidence for the expected products of in situ degradation of MTBE.An analytical method is described that can detect the major alkyl ether compounds that are used as gasoline oxygenates (methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; ethyl tert-butyl ether, ETBE; and tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME) and their most characteristic degradation products (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA; tert-butyl formate, TBF; and tert-amyl alcohol, TAA) in water at sub-ppb concentrations. The new method involves gas chromatography (GC) with direct aqueous injection (DAI) onto a polar column via a splitless injector, coupled with detection by mass spectrometry (MS). DAI-GC/MS gives excellent agreement with conventional purge-and-trap methods for MTBE over a wide range of environmentally relevant concentrations. The new method can also give simultaneous identification of polar compounds that might occur as degradation products of gasoline oxygenates, such as TBA, TBF, TAA, methyl acetate, and acetone. When the method was applied to effluent from a column microcosm prepared with core material from an urban site in New Jersey, conversion of MTBE to TBA was observed after a lag period of 35 days. However, to date, analyses of water samples from six field sites using the DAI-GC/MS method have not produced evidence for the expected products of in situ degradation of MTBE.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9705452","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Church, C., Isabelle, L., Pankow, J.F., Rose, D., and Tratnyek, P., 1997, Method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether and its degradation products in water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3723-3726, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9705452.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3723","endPage":"3726","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205820,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9705452"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a554de4b0c8380cd6d1a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, C.D.","contributorId":55583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Isabelle, L.M.","contributorId":54746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isabelle","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rose, D.L.","contributorId":36960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tratnyek, P.G.","contributorId":17777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019388,"text":"70019388 - 1997 - Effects of exchanged cation on the microporosity of montmorillonite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:45:43","indexId":"70019388","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of exchanged cation on the microporosity of montmorillonite","docAbstract":"The micropore volumes of 2 montmorillonites (SAz-1 and SWy-1), each exchanged with Ca, Na, K, Cs and tetramethylammonium (TMA) ions, were calculated from the measured vapor adsorption data of N2 and neo-hexane by use of t- and αs-plots. The corresponding surface areas of the exchanged clays were determined from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) plots of N2 adsorption data. Micropore volumes and surface areas of the samples increased with the size of exchanged cation: TMA > Cs > K > Ca > Na. The SAz-1 exchanged clays showed generally greater micropore volumes and surface areas than the corresponding SWy-1 clays. The vapor adsorption data and d(001) measurements for dry clay samples were used together to evaluate the likely locations and accessibility of clay micropores, especially the relative accessibility of their interlayer spacing. For both source clays exchanged with Na, Ca and K ions, the interlayer spacing appeared to be too small to admit nonpolar gases and the accessible micropores appeared to have dimensions greater than 5.0 Å, the limiting molecular dimension of neo-hexane. In these systems, there was a good consistency of micropore volumes detected by N2 and neo-hexane. When the clays were intercalated with relatively large cations (TMA and possibly Cs), the large layer expansion created additional microporosity, which was more readily accessible to small N2 than to relatively large neo-hexane. Hence, the micropore volume as detected by N2 was greater than that detected by neo-hexane. The micropore volumes with pore dimensions greater than 5 Å determined for clays exchanged with Na, Ca and K likely resulted from the pores on particle edges and void created by overlap regions of layers. The increase in micropore volumes with pore dimensions less than 5 Å determined for clays exchanged with TMA and possibly Cs could be caused by opening of the interlayer region by the intercalation of these large cations.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450405","usgsCitation":"Rutherford, D.W., Chiou, C.T., and Eberl, D.D., 1997, Effects of exchanged cation on the microporosity of montmorillonite: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 45, no. 4, p. 534-543, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450405.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"543","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e2e4b0c8380cd51479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019386,"text":"70019386 - 1997 - Hydraulic modeling for lahar hazards at cascades volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:08:35.789012","indexId":"70019386","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic modeling for lahar hazards at cascades volcanoes","docAbstract":"The National Weather Service flood routing model DAMBRK is able to closely replicate field-documented stages of historic and prehistoric lahars from Mt. Rainier, Washington, and Mt. Hood, Oregon. Modeled time-of-travel of flow waves are generally consistent with documented lahar travel-times from other volcanoes around the world. The model adequately replicates a range of lahars and debris flows, including the 230 million km3 Electron lahar from Mt. Rainier, as well as a 10 m3 debris flow generated in a large outdoor experimental flume. The model is used to simulate a hypothetical lahar with a volume of 50 million m3 down the East Fork Hood River from Mt. Hood, Oregon. Although a flow such as this is thought to be possible in the Hood River valley, no field evidence exists on which to base a hazards assessment. DAMBRK seems likely to be usable in many volcanic settings to estimate discharge, velocity, and inundation areas of lahars when input hydrographs and energy-loss coefficients can be reasonably estimated.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.III.1.21","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1997, Hydraulic modeling for lahar hazards at cascades volcanoes: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 3, no. 1, p. 21-30, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.III.1.21.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f7e4b0c8380cd5ebf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019385,"text":"70019385 - 1997 - Experimental manipulations of snow-depth: Effects on nutrient content of caribou forage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-19T16:13:08","indexId":"70019385","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental manipulations of snow-depth: Effects on nutrient content of caribou forage","docAbstract":"We investigated the potential effects of global climate change on arctic tundra vegetation used as caribou forage. A total of 96 experimental plots was established at six sites on the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, in 1993 and 1994. We erected snow-fences to increase the amount of snow deposition, and therefore delay the date of the snowmelt on 48 plots (referred to as increased snow/late melting plots). We used black mesh netting on the surface of the snow to increase the rate of melting on 24 plots; the remaining 24 plots served as controls. In July 1994, we collected green leaves from Eriophorum vaginatum, Salix planifolia, and Betula nana and analysed these samples for total carbon and total nitrogen content. Ratios of carbon to nitrogen differed among treatments for all three species. Generally, C:N ratios for B. nana and E. vaginatum on increased snow/late melting plots were lower than on control plots. C:N ratios for S. planifolia on increased snow/late melting plots did not differ from controls, but were lower than on plots which started to melt early. These results may be due to the timing of nitrogen translocation from leaf and stem tissue into storage organs, or due to an increase in available nitrogen input to the system. Further sampling is needed to adequately determine the mechanism responsible for increased nitrogen content of caribou forage in areas with increased amount of snow and delayed snowmelt. ?? 1997 Blackwell Science Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb142.x","issn":"13541013","usgsCitation":"Walsh, N.E., McCabe, T.R., Welker, J., and Parsons, A., 1997, Experimental manipulations of snow-depth: Effects on nutrient content of caribou forage: Global Change Biology, v. 3, no. SUPPL. 1, p. 158-164, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1997.gcb142.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"158","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0dd7e4b0c8380cd53204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Noreen E.","contributorId":107441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walsh","given":"Noreen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Thomas R.","contributorId":91255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":82868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, A.N.","contributorId":46238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019381,"text":"70019381 - 1997 - Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019381","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":611,"text":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure","docAbstract":"Test specimens of methane hydrate were grown under static conditions by combining cold, pressurized CH4 gas with H2O ice grains, then warming the system to promote the reaction CH4 (g) + 6H2O (s???l) ??? CH4??6H2O. Hydrate formation evidently occurs at the nascent ice/liquid water interface, and complete reaction was achieved by warming the system above 271.5 K and up to 289 K, at 25-30 MPa, for approximately 8 hours. The resulting material is pure methane hydrate with controlled grain size and random texture. Fabrication conditions placed the H2O ice well above its melting temperature before reaction completed, yet samples and run records showed no evidence for bulk melting of the ice grains. Control experiments using Ne, a non-hydrate-forming gas, verified that under otherwise identical conditions, the pressure reduction and latent heat associated with ice melting is easily detectable in our fabrication apparatus. These results suggest that under hydrate-forming conditions, H2O ice can persist metastably at temperatures well above its melting point. Methane hydrate samples were then tested in constant-strain-rate deformation experiments at T= 140-200 K, Pc= 50-100 MPa, and ????= 10-4-10-6 s-1. Measurements in both the brittle and ductile fields showed that methane hydrate has measurably different strength than H2O ice, and work hardens to a higher degree compared to other ices as well as to most metals and ceramics at high homologous temperatures. This work hardening may be related to a changing stoichiometry under pressure during plastic deformation; x-ray analyses showed that methane hydrate undergoes a process of solid-state disproportionation or exsolution during deformation at conditions well within its conventional stability field.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"05693772","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Kirby, S.H., and Durham, W., 1997, Synthesis of polycrystalline methane hydrate, and its phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated pressure: ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, v. 42, no. 2, p. 544-547.","startPage":"544","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba358e4b08c986b31fc82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019380,"text":"70019380 - 1997 - Bimodal magmatism, basaltic volcanic styles, tectonics, and geomorphic processes of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:18:44.890424","indexId":"70019380","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bimodal magmatism, basaltic volcanic styles, tectonics, and geomorphic processes of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"Geology presented in this field guide covers a wide spectrum of internal and surficial processes of the eastern Snake River Plain, one of the largest components of the combined late Cenozoic igneous provinces of the western United States. Focus is on widespread Quaternary basaltic plains volcanism that produced coalescent shields and complex eruptive centers that yielded compositionally evolved magmas. The guide is constructed in several parts beginning with discussion sections that provide an overview of the geology followed by road directions, with explanations, for specific locations. The geology overview briefly summarizes the collective knowledge gained, and petrologic implications made, over the past few decades. The field guide covers plains volcanism, lava flow emplacement, basaltic shield growth, phreatomagmatic eruptions, and complex and evolved eruptive centers. Locations and explanations are also provided for the hydrogeology, groundwater contamination, and environmental issues such as range fires and cataclysmic floods associated with the region.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S., Smith, R., Hackett, W.R., McCurry, M., Anderson, S.R., and Ferdock, G., 1997, Bimodal magmatism, basaltic volcanic styles, tectonics, and geomorphic processes of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 1, p. 423-458.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"458","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f133e4b0c8380cd4aabb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S.S.","contributorId":30381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R.P.","contributorId":105283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hackett, W. R.","contributorId":9666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCurry, M.","contributorId":88097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCurry","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, S. R.","contributorId":93518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ferdock, G.C.","contributorId":99710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferdock","given":"G.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019375,"text":"70019375 - 1997 - Interactions between ground water and surface water in the Suwannee River basin, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T23:19:39.011923","indexId":"70019375","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interactions between ground water and surface water in the Suwannee River basin, Florida","docAbstract":"Ground water and surface water constitute a single dynamic system in roost parts of the Suwannee River basin due to the presence of karat features that facilitate the interaction between the surface and subsurface. Low radon-222 concentrations (below background levels) and enriched amounts of oxygen-18 and deuterium in ground water indicate mixing with surface water in parts of the basin. Comparison of surface water and regional ground water flow patterns indicate that boundaries for ground water basins typically do not coincide with surface water drainage subbasins. There are several areas in the basin where ground water flow that originates outside of the Suwannee River basin crosses surface water basin boundaries during both low-flow and high-flow conditions. In a study area adjacent to the Suwannee River that consists predominantly of agricultural land use, 18 wells tapping the Upper Floridan aquifer and 7 springs were sampled three times during 1990 through 1994 for major dissolved inorganic constituents, trace elements, and nutrients. During a period of above normal rainfall that resulted in high river stage and high ground water levels in 1991, the combination of increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon and decreased levels of dissolved oxygen in ground water created conditions favorable for the natural reduction of nitrate by denitrification reactions in the aquifer. As a result, less nitrate was discharged by ground water to the Suwannee River.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03549.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., DeHan, R., Hirten, J., and Catches, J., 1997, Interactions between ground water and surface water in the Suwannee River basin, Florida: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1237-1254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb03549.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1237","endPage":"1254","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cc1e4b0c8380cd62fee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeHan, R.S.","contributorId":89676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeHan","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hirten, J.J.","contributorId":82866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirten","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Catches, J.S.","contributorId":75702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catches","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019365,"text":"70019365 - 1997 - A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-17T20:53:32","indexId":"70019365","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1381,"text":"Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control. Proc. international conference, California, 1996","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","docAbstract":"We analyse a simple, physically-based model of breach formation in natural and constructed earthen dams to elucidate the principal factors controlling the flood hydrograph at the breach. Formation of the breach, which is assumed trapezoidal in cross-section, is parameterized by the mean rate of downcutting, k, the value of which is constrained by observations. A dimensionless formulation of the model leads to the prediction that the breach hydrograph depends upon lake shape, the ratio r of breach width to depth, the side slope ?? of the breach, and the parameter ?? = (V.D3)(k/???gD), where V = lake volume, D = lake depth, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Calculations show that peak discharge Qp depends weakly on lake shape r and ??, but strongly on ??, which is the product of a dimensionless lake volume and a dimensionless erosion rate. Qp(??) takes asymptotically distinct forms depending on whether < ??? 1 or < ??? 1. Theoretical predictions agree well with data from dam failures for which k could be reasonably estimated. The analysis provides a rapid and in many cases graphical way to estimate plausible values of Qp at the breach.We analyze a simple, physically-based model of breach formation in natural and constructed earthen dams to elucidate the principal factors controlling the flood hydrograph at the breach. Formation of the breach, which is assumed trapezoidal in cross-section, is parameterized by the mean rate of downcutting, k, the value of which is constrained by observations. A dimensionless formulation of the model leads to the prediction that the breach hydrograph depends upon lake shape, the ratio r of breach width to depth, the side slope ?? of the breach, and the parameter ?? = (V/D3)(k/???gD), where V = lake volume, D = lake depth, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Calculations show that peak discharge Qp depends weakly on lake shape r and ??, but strongly on ??, which is the product of a dimensionless lake volume and a dimensionless erosion rate. Qp(??) takes asymptotically distinct forms depending on whether ?????1 or ?????1. Theoretical predictions agree well with data from dam failures for which k could be reasonably estimated. The analysis provides a rapid and in many cases graphical way to estimate plausible values of Qp at the breach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control. Proc. international conference, California, 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Destructive Water: Water-Caused Natural Disasters, their Abatement and Control","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS; Publication","publisherLocation":"239, Wallingford, United Kingdom","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., O’Connor, J.E., and Costa, J.E., 1997, A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams: Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control. Proc. international conference, California, 1996, no. 239, p. 217-224.","startPage":"217","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"239","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d9e4b0c8380cd4698b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Leavesley G.H.","contributorId":128384,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Leavesley G.H.","id":536451,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, J. E.","contributorId":59489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019364,"text":"70019364 - 1997 - The Upper Laacher See Tephra in Lake Geneva sediments: Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019364","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3337,"text":"Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Upper Laacher See Tephra in Lake Geneva sediments: Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological implications","docAbstract":"Microstratigraphical analysis of Late glacial lacustrine sediments from Geneva Bay provided evidence of a tephra layer within the upper Aller??d biozone. The layer consists of alkali feldspar, quartz, plagioclase. amphibole, pyroxene, opaques, titanite and glass shards. Electron microprobe analyses and morphological study of glass shards allowed correlation with the upper part of the Laacher See Tephra of the Laacher See volcano (Eifel Mountains, Germany). Sedimentological features of enclosing lacustrine sediments suggest that a momentary decrease in precipitation occurred in the catchment area and consequent reduction in detrital supply in the lake, after the ash fall-out. This has been interpreted as the environmental response to a momentary cooling following the Laacher See Tephra aerosols emission. Comparison with Sedimentological features characterizing the Aller??d-Younger Dryas transition highlights the sensitivity of Lake Geneva system in recording both short and long-terms climate-induced environmental changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00367699","usgsCitation":"Moscariello, A., and Costa, F., 1997, The Upper Laacher See Tephra in Lake Geneva sediments: Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatological implications: Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 77, no. 2, p. 175-185.","startPage":"175","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba96de4b08c986b322271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moscariello, A.","contributorId":29137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moscariello","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costa, F.","contributorId":14962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019351,"text":"70019351 - 1997 - Spring foraging distribution and habitat selection by Double-crested Cormorants on the Penobscot River, Maine USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019351","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3731,"text":"Waterbirds","onlineIssn":"19385390","printIssn":"15244695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring foraging distribution and habitat selection by Double-crested Cormorants on the Penobscot River, Maine USA","docAbstract":"Restoration of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to New England rivers requires, in part, an understanding of the use of habitat and prey by potential and known predators. We examined variation in habitat use by Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritius), from April through June 1992-94 on ca. 288 km of the 2 primary tributaries and the mainstem of the Penobscot River, Maine. Our objectives were to quantify temporal and spatial variation in habitat use and test for selection of spring foraging habitats by cormorants. Cormorants forage during daylight hours only. To determine the distribution of foraging birds we conducted aerial surveys at intervals of <8 days. Counts from individual aerial surveys were analyzed relative to 9 river sections and used to examine selection of foraging habitats, such as free-flowing areas and the headponds and tailraces of dams. We defined selection as the difference between the proportionate length of each river section relative to the total river km available and the observed proportion of birds using each section. All birds observed from the aircraft within a river section were assumed to be foraging within that river section. Cormorants were first observed between 15 and 20 April in all 3 years. Individuals consistently selected (P < 0.05) against use of 2 large tributaries and sections >105 km north of the mouth of the mainstem. However, from late April through early June of all years, birds selected (P < 0.05) 4 of the 5 mainstem dams and the estuarine portion of the river. Cormorant use of dams remained at or above expected levels until the second week of June in all years. We suggest that cormorant selection for foraging areas adjacent to dams reflected a higher availability of prey, possibly due to delay and injury of migrating Atlantic salmon smolts. Cormorant selection of the estuarine portion of the Penobscot River was likely a response to a seasonally increasing availability and abundance of estuarine and marine prey, in addition to resident freshwater species and migrating smolts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Blackwell, B., and Krohn, W., 1997, Spring foraging distribution and habitat selection by Double-crested Cormorants on the Penobscot River, Maine USA: Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 1, p. 66-76.","startPage":"66","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b961ae4b08c986b31b2c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blackwell, B.F.","contributorId":45039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwell","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohn, W.B.","contributorId":64355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohn","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019350,"text":"70019350 - 1997 - The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T12:38:52","indexId":"70019350","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future","docAbstract":"It has long been recognized that the success of the Landsat program would depend on an effective distribution of its data to a wide variety of users, worldwide, in a timely manner. Since 1972, nearly $250 million worth of data have been distributed by a network of ground stations around the world. The policies of the U.S. Government affecting the distribution, availability, and pricing of Landsat data have been controversial, and have been strongly affected by the attempts to commercialize the program. At the present time, data are being distributed in the U.S. by either government or commercial entities, depending on the date of acquisition of the data in question and whether or not the customer is affiliated with the Federal Government. Although the future distribution of Landsat data is currently under discussion, it seems likely that data distribution initially will be the responsibility of NOAA. In any case, the long-term archive and distribution of all Landsat data will be the responsibility of the Department of Interior's U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Draeger, W., Holm, T.M., Lauer, D.T., and Thompson, R., 1997, The availability of Landsat data: Past, present, and future: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 63, no. 7, p. 869-875.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"875","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9dce4b08c986b322571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Draeger, W. C.","contributorId":67231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draeger","given":"W. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holm, T. M.","contributorId":66436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lauer, D. T.","contributorId":47907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, R.J.","contributorId":93624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019348,"text":"70019348 - 1997 - Photometric stability of the lunar surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019348","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photometric stability of the lunar surface","docAbstract":"The rate at which cratering events currently occur on the Moon is considered in light of their influence on the use of the Moon as a radiometric standard. The radiometric effect of small impact events is determined empirically from the study of Clementine images. Events that would change the integral brightness of the moon by 1% are expected once per 1.4 Gyr. Events that cause a 1% shift in one pixel for low Earth-orbiting instruments with a 1-km nadir field of view are expected approximately once each 43 Myr. Events discernible at 1% radiometric resolution with a 5 arc-sec telescope resolution correspond to crater diameters of approximately 210 m and are expected once every 200 years. These rates are uncertain by a factor of two. For a fixed illumination and observation geometry, the Moon can be considered photometrically stable to 1 ?? 10-8per annum for irradiance, and 1 ?? 10-7per annum for radiance at a resolution common for spacecraft imaging instruments, exceeding reasonable instrument goals by six orders of magnitude. ?? 1997 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1997.5822","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., 1997, Photometric stability of the lunar surface: Icarus, v. 130, no. 2, p. 323-327, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1997.5822.","startPage":"323","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205795,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1997.5822"},{"id":226831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a2de4b0c8380cd78d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019345,"text":"70019345 - 1997 - Stratigraphic and structural implications of conodont and detrital zircon U-Pb ages from metamorphic rocks of the Coldfoot terrane, Brooks Range, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:41:44.766392","indexId":"70019345","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic and structural implications of conodont and detrital zircon U-Pb ages from metamorphic rocks of the Coldfoot terrane, Brooks Range, Alaska","docAbstract":"New paleontologic and isotopic data from the Emma Creek and Marion Creek schists of the Coldfoot terrane, Arctic Alaska superterrane, central Brooks Range, suggest Devonian and possibly younger ages of deposition for their sedimentary protoliths. Conodonts from marble of the Emma Creek schist, intruded by a roughly 392 Ma orthogneiss, are late Lochkovian (early Early Devonian, between about 408 and 396 Ma) and Silurian to Devonian at two other locations. Spherical to oblong detrital zircons from quartz-mica schist of the overlying Marion Creek schist yield mostly discordant U—Pb data suggestive of provenance ages of 3.0, 2.0–1.8, and 1.5–1.4 Ga; however, several euhedral grains of zircon from Marion Creek quartz-mica schist have concordant U—Pb ages from 370 to 360 Ma. The Marion Creek schist in our study area therefore is at least 26 m.y. younger than the Emma Creek schist. The age data imply that the protolith of the Emma Creek schist is age correlative with Devonian carbonate rocks in the Hammond and North Slope terranes, whereas the Marion Creek schist is age correlative with Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian clastic sedimentary rocks of the Endicott Group in the Endicott Mountains terrane and shale and carbonate units in the De Long Mountains and Sheenjek River terranes. Consequently, tectonic models restoring the entire Coldfoot terrane beneath partly or wholly coeval rocks of the Hammond, Endicott Mountains, De Long Mountains, and Sheenjek River terranes of the Arctic Alaska superterrane require revision. Alternative reconstructions, including restoration of the Coldfoot terrane inboard of the Endicott Mountains terrane or outboard of the De Long Mountains and Sheenjek River terranes are plausible but require either larger amounts of shortening than previously suggested or indicate problematic facies relations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB02351","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Moore, T., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Harris, A., 1997, Stratigraphic and structural implications of conodont and detrital zircon U-Pb ages from metamorphic rocks of the Coldfoot terrane, Brooks Range, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20797-20820, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02351.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20797","endPage":"20820","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb02351","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226786,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98d3e4b08c986b31c151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, J. N. 0000-0003-3494-6841","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":75132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019341,"text":"70019341 - 1997 - Stratigraphy and structure of the Sevier thrust belt and proximal foreland-basin system in central Utah: A transect from the Sevier Desert to the Wasatch Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:21:34.322132","indexId":"70019341","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and structure of the Sevier thrust belt and proximal foreland-basin system in central Utah: A transect from the Sevier Desert to the Wasatch Plateau","docAbstract":"The Sevier orogenic belt in central Utah comprises four north-northwest trending thrust plates and two structural culminations that record crustal shortening and uplift in late Mesozoic and early Tertiary time. Synorogenic clastic rocks, mostly conglomerate and sandstone, exposed within the thrust belt were deposited in wedge-top and foredeep depozones within the proximal part of the foreland-basin system. The geologic relations preserved between thrust structures and synorogenic deposits demonstrate a foreland-breaking sequence of thrust deformation that was modified by minor out-of-sequence thrust displacement. Structural culminations in the interior part of the thrust belt deformed and uplifted some of the thrust sheets following their emplacement. Strata in the foreland basin indicate that the thrust sheets of central Utah were emplaced between latest Jurassic and Eocene time. The oldest strata of the foredeep depozone (Cedar Mountain Formation) are Neocomian and were derived from the hanging wall of the Canyon Range thrust. The foredeep depozone subsided most rapidly during Albian through Santonian or early Campanian time and accumulated about 2.5 km of conglomeratic strata (Indianola Group). The overlying North Horn Formation accumulated in a wedge-top basin from the Campanian to the Eocene and records propagation of the Gunnison thrust beneath the former foredeep. The Canyon Range Conglomerate of the Canyon Mountains, equivalent to the Indianola Group and the North Horn Formation, was deposited exclusively in a wedge-top setting on the Canyon Range and Pavant thrust sheets. This field trip, a three day, west-to-east traverse of the Sevier orogenic belt in central Utah, visits localities where timing of thrust structures is demonstrated by geometry of cross-cutting relations, growth strata associated with faults and folds, or deformation of foredeep deposits. Stops in the Canyon Mountains emphasize geometry of late structural culminations and relationships of the Canyon Range thrust to growth strata deposited in the wedge-top depozone. Stops in the San Pitch Mountains illustrate deposits of the foredeep depozone and younger, superjacent wedge-top depozone. Stops in the Sanpete Valley and western part of the Wasatch Plateau examine the evolution of the foreland-basin system from foredeep to wedge-top during growth of a triangle zone near the front of the Gunnison thrust.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Lawton, T., Sprinkel, D.A., Decelles, P., Mitra, G., Sussman, A., and Weiss, M.P., 1997, Stratigraphy and structure of the Sevier thrust belt and proximal foreland-basin system in central Utah: A transect from the Sevier Desert to the Wasatch Plateau: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 2, p. 33-67.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"67","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226740,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b99cfe4b08c986b31c5fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawton, T.F.","contributorId":28841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawton","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sprinkel, D. A.","contributorId":16101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprinkel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decelles, P.G.","contributorId":28124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decelles","given":"P.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitra, G.","contributorId":15070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitra","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sussman, A.J.","contributorId":51107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sussman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weiss, M. P.","contributorId":72404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019337,"text":"70019337 - 1997 - Water level and strain changes preceding and following the August 4, 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019337","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water level and strain changes preceding and following the August 4, 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"Two of the four wells monitored near Parkfield, California, during 1985 showed water level rises beginning three days before the M4 6.1 Kettleman Hills earthquake. In one of these wells, the 3.0 cm rise was nearly unique in five years of water level data. However, in the other well, which showed a 3.8 cm rise, many other changes of comparable size have been observed. Both wells that did not display pre-earthquake rises tap partially confined aquifers that cannot sustain pressure changes due to tectonic strain having periods longer than several days. We evaluate the effect of partial aquifer confinement on the ability of these four wells to display water level changes in response to aquifer strain. Although the vertical hydraulic diffusivities cannot be determined uniquely, we can find a value of diffusivity for each site that is consistent with the site's tidal and barometric responses as well as with the rate of partial recovery of the coseismic water level drops. Furthermore, the diffusivity for one well is high enough to explain why the preseismic rise could not have been detected there. For the fourth well, the diffusivity is high enough to have reduced the size of the preseismic signal as much as 50%, although it should still have been detectable. Imperfect confinement cannot explain the persistent water level changes in the two partially confined aquifers, but it does show that they were not due to volume strain. The pre-earthquake water level rises may have been precursors to the Kettleman Hills earthquake. If so, they probably were not caused by accelerating slip over the part of the fault plane that ruptured in that earthquake because they are of opposite sign to the observed coseismic water level drops.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Roeloffs, E., and Quilty, E., 1997, Water level and strain changes preceding and following the August 4, 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 149, no. 1, p. 21-60.","startPage":"21","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc7f4e4b08c986b32c6ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quilty, E.","contributorId":12633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quilty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}