{"pageNumber":"3659","pageRowStart":"91450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019784,"text":"70019784 - 1997 - An increase in herbivory of cottonwood in yellowstone national park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70019784","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An increase in herbivory of cottonwood in yellowstone national park","docAbstract":"This study examined an effect of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) on narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) in northern Yellowstone National Park, where stands consist of old trees and younger, densely-branched bushes. The elk herd increased from a census of 3,172 in 1968 to a census of 18,913 in 1988. The purposes of this study were to: 1) document the height-growth of cottonwood bushes, 2) determine if the height of browsing corresponded with snow depth, and 3) determine if there has been a recent increase in cottonwood herbivory. In 5 stands of different age (ranging ca. 9-45 y old), I measured the height of live previous-year-growth and the height of the oldest stems killed by browsing. The tallest previous-year-growth was 80 cm; all stems taller than 29 cm had been browsed. Stems were killed by browsing closer to the ground in younger stands (respectively, 87, 62, 28, 14, and 9 cm; P < 0.001). There was no change in mid-winter snow depth during the period 1950-1994. The 2 stands established since 1977 had relatively small variances in the height at which stems were killed by browsing (21 and 15 cm2), a uniformity likely caused by intense herbivory since respective stand creation. The large variances in the height of browse-killed stems in older stands (745, 399, and 291 cm2) were likely caused by an initial period of light-to-moderate herbivory followed by an increase in herbivory that killed the stem tips at the heights existing at the time. The bush growth-form apparently results from an increase in herbivory that occurred between 1968 and 1977, a period in which the elk winter census increased from 3,172 to 8,981. The weight of evidence suggests that EuroAmerican influences have caused the northern elk herd to increase in number since the establishment of the park. If herbivory does not decrease, cottonwood may be eliminated from Yellowstone's northern range.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Keigley, R., 1997, An increase in herbivory of cottonwood in yellowstone national park: Northwest Science, v. 71, no. 2, p. 127-136.","startPage":"127","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228135,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea76e4b0c8380cd48899","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keigley, R.B.","contributorId":85115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keigley","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020332,"text":"70020332 - 1997 - Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020332","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities","docAbstract":"The common statistical practice of dividing a range of probabilities into equal probability intervals may not result in useful landslide-hazard map units for areas populated by equal-area cells, each of which has a unique probability. Most hazard map areas contain very large numbers of cells having low probability of failure, and as probability increases, the number of cells decreases in a non-linear fashion. Exploration of this distribution suggests that the spatial frequency of expected failures may be used to identify probability intervals that define map units. From a spatial database of gridded probabilities, map units that address the different objectives of land-use planners and emergency response officials can be defined.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R., and Bernknopf, R.L., 1997, Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf9e4b0c8380cd4ea3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019431,"text":"70019431 - 1997 - National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T11:16:43","indexId":"70019431","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Holm, T.M., 1997, National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 63, no. 10, p. 1180-1180.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1180","endPage":"1180","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226653,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a61f1e4b0c8380cd71c44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holm, T. M.","contributorId":66436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019422,"text":"70019422 - 1997 - Rates, timing, and cyclicity of Holocene eolian activity in north-central United States: Evidence from varved lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T12:29:07.058551","indexId":"70019422","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates, timing, and cyclicity of Holocene eolian activity in north-central United States: Evidence from varved lake sediments","docAbstract":"

Most of the sediment components that accumulated in Elk Lake, northwestern Minnesota, during the Holocene are autochthonous or biogenic, delivered to the sediment-water interface on a seasonal schedule, preserved in distinct annual laminae (varves). The main allochthonous component is detrital clastic material, as measured by bulk-sediment concentrations of aluminum, sodium, potassium, titanium, and quartz, that enters the lake mostly as eolian dust. The eolian clastic influx to Elk Lake was considerably greater during the mid-Holocene (8–4 ka) than it has been for the past 4000 yr, when periods of increased eolian activity correspond to the time of the Little Ice age and the dust bowl. Geochemical records of eolian activity exhibit distinct cyclicities with dominant periodicities of 400 and 84 yr.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0331:RTACOH>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., 1997, Rates, timing, and cyclicity of Holocene eolian activity in north-central United States: Evidence from varved lake sediments: Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 331-334, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0331:RTACOH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"334","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":502527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/300","text":"External Repository"},{"id":226606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a954ce4b0c8380cd81921","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019297,"text":"70019297 - 1997 - Velocities of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, from ERS-1 SAR images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019297","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1596,"text":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Velocities of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, from ERS-1 SAR images","docAbstract":"Average velocities of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers were measured for the time periods between 1992 and 1994 by tracking ice-surface patterns. Velocities of the central flow of the Pine Island Glacier range from 1.5 km/yr above the grounding line (separating the grounded from the floating parts of a glacier) to 2.8 km/yr near the terminus; velocities of the central Thwaites Glacier range from 2.2 km/yr above the grounding line to 3.4 km/yr at the limit of measurements on the tongue. Both glaciers show an increase in velocity of about 1 km/yr where they cross their grounding lines. The velocities derived from ERS-1 images are higher than those previously derived from Landsat images, perhaps reflecting acceleration of the glaciers. Both glaciers are exceptionally fast. The high velocities may be due to high precipitation rates over West Antarctica and the lack of a major buttressing ice shelf.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Lucchitta, B., and Rosanova, C., 1997, Velocities of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, from ERS-1 SAR images: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 414 PART 2, p. 819-824.","startPage":"819","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"414 PART 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1f1e4b08c986b32a833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucchitta, B.K.","contributorId":35288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucchitta","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosanova, C.E.","contributorId":63548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosanova","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020314,"text":"70020314 - 1997 - Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020314","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","docAbstract":"Resource planners and managers interested in utilizing climate model output as part of their operational activities immediately confront the dilemma of scale discordance. Their functional responsibilities cover relatively small geographical areas and necessarily require data of relatively high spatial resolution. Climate models cover a large geographical, i.e. global, domain and produce data at comparatively low spatial resolution. Although the scale differences between model output and planning input are large, several techniques have been developed for disaggregating climate model output to a scale appropriate for use in water resource planning and management applications. With techniques in hand to reduce the limitations imposed by scale discordance, water resource professionals must now confront a more fundamental constraint on the use of climate models-the inability to produce accurate representations and forecasts of regional climate. Given the current capabilities of climate models, and the likelihood that the uncertainty associated with long-term climate model forecasts will remain high for some years to come, the water resources planning community may find it impractical to utilize such forecasts operationally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005357530360","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 1997, Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning: Climatic Change, v. 37, no. 1, p. 63-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360.","startPage":"63","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8706e4b08c986b31626c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014829,"text":"1014829 - 1997 - Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:10","indexId":"1014829","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-068/TF","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B., Rice, J., Crowder, L., and Binkowski, F., 1997, Size- and species-dependent variability consumption and growth rates of larvae and juveniles of three freshwater fishes: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 2, p. 405-414.","productDescription":"p. 405-414","startPage":"405","endPage":"414","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129701,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f16ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkowski, F. P.","contributorId":9612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkowski","given":"F.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020309,"text":"70020309 - 1997 - Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T00:02:36.978658","indexId":"70020309","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes","docAbstract":"

Geologic mapping, together with 73 new K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar age determinations of 45 samples from 17 different volcanic units, plus paleomagnetic orientations, geochemical compositions, and terrestrial photogrammetry are used to define the chronostratigraphy of the Tatara–San Pedro complex, an eruptive center at 36°S on the volcanic front of the Andean southern volcanic zone. The Tatara–San Pedro complex preserves ≈55 km3 of lavas that erupted from at least three central vent regions. Remnant, unconformity-bound sequences of lavas are separated by lacunae that include significant periods of erosion. Quaternary volcanism commenced ca. 930 ka with eruption of voluminous dacitic magma, followed 100 k.y. later by the only major rhyolitic eruption. From 780 ka onward, more than 80% of the preserved volume is basaltic andesite (52%–57% SiO2), but petrographically and geochemically diverse dacitic magmas (63%–69% SiO2) erupted sporadically throughout this younger, dominantly mafic phase of activity. A few basaltic lavas (49%–52% SiO2) are present, mainly in portions of the complex older than 230 ka. The number of vents, the petrologic and geochemical diversity, and the temporal distribution of mafic and silicic lavas are consistent with emplacement of many separate batches of mafic magma into the shallow crust beneath the Tatara–San Pedro complex over the past million years.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0127:VAEDTP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Singer, B.S., Thompson, R.A., Dungan, M., Feeley, T., Nelson, S., Pickens, J., Brown, L., Wulff, A., Davidson, J., and Metzger, J., 1997, Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 2, p. 127-142, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0127:VAEDTP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc31ce4b08c986b32af76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, B. S.","contributorId":55981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, S.T.","contributorId":14147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pickens, J.C.","contributorId":100148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, L.L.","contributorId":46907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wulff, A.W.","contributorId":72558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Metzger, J.","contributorId":44698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70019795,"text":"70019795 - 1997 - Middle Jurassic incised valley fill (eolian/estuarine) and nearshore marine petroleum reservoirs, Powder River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019795","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Jurassic incised valley fill (eolian/estuarine) and nearshore marine petroleum reservoirs, Powder River Basin","docAbstract":"Paleovalleys incised into the Triassic Spearfish Formation (Chugwater equivalent) are filled with a vertical sequence of eolian, estuarine, and marine sandstones of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian age) Canyon Springs Sandstone Member of the Sundance Formation. An outcrop exemplifying this is located at Red Canyon in the southern Black Hills, Fall River County, South Dakota. These paleovalleys locally have more than 300 ft of relief and are as much as several miles wide. Because they slope in a westerly direction, and Jurassic seas transgressed into the area from the west there was greater marine-influence and more stratigraphic complexity in the subsurface, to the west, as compared to the Black Hills outcrops. In the subsurface two distinctive reservoir sandstone beds within the Canyon Springs Sandstone Member fill the paleovalleys. These are the eolian lower Canyon Springs unit (LCS) and the estuarine upper Canyon Springs unit (UCS), separated by the marine \"Limestone Marker\" and estuarine \"Brown Shale\". The LCS and UCS contain significant proven hydrocarbon reservoirs in Wyoming (about 500 MMBO in-place in 9 fields, 188 MMBO produced through 1993) and are prospective in western South Dakota, western Nebraska and northern Colorado. Also prospective is the Callovian-age Hulett Sandstone Member which consists of multiple prograding shoreface to foreshore parasequences, as interpreted from the Red Canyon locality. Petrographic, outcrop and subsurface studies demonstrate the viability of both the Canyon Springs Sandstone and Hulett Sandstone members as superior hydrocarbon reservoirs in both stratigraphic and structural traps. Examples of fields with hydrocarbon production from the Canyon Springs in paleovalleys include Lance Creek field (56 MMBO produced) and the more recently discovered Red Bird field (300 MBO produced), both in Niobrara County, Wyoming. At Red Bird field the primary exploration target was the Pennsylvanian \"Leo sands\" of the Minnelusa Formation, and production from the Canyon Springs was not anticipated. Canyon Springs reservoirs are easily bypassed because they are relatively unconsolidated, underpressured, low-resistivity, and difficult to evaluate from petrophysics, drill-stem tests, or well cuttings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Ahlbrandt, T., and Fox, J.E., 1997, Middle Jurassic incised valley fill (eolian/estuarine) and nearshore marine petroleum reservoirs, Powder River Basin: Mountain Geologist, v. 34, no. 3, p. 97-115.","startPage":"97","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56d5e4b0c8380cd6d86a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlbrandt, Thomas S.","contributorId":58279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlbrandt","given":"Thomas S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, J. E.","contributorId":79080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"J.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019799,"text":"70019799 - 1997 - Sedimentation and subsidence patterns in the central and north basins of Lake Baikal from seismic stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T12:31:55.270045","indexId":"70019799","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentation and subsidence patterns in the central and north basins of Lake Baikal from seismic stratigraphy","docAbstract":"

Comparison of sedimentation patterns, basement subsidence, and faulting histories in the north and central basins of Lake Baikal aids in developing an interbasinal seismic stratigraphy that reveals the early synrift evolution of the central portion of the Baikal rift, a major continental rift system. Although there is evidence that the central and northern rift basins evolved at approximately the same time, their sedimentation histories are markedly different. Primary sediment sources for the initial rift phase were from the east flank of the rift; two major deltas developed adjacent to the central basin: the Selenga delta at the south end and the Barguzin delta at the north end. The Barguzin River system, located at the accommodation zone between the central and north basins, also fed into the southern part of the north basin and facilitated the stratigraphic linkage of the two basins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0746:SASPIT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Moore, T., Klitgord, K.D., Golmshtok, A., and Weber, E., 1997, Sedimentation and subsidence patterns in the central and north basins of Lake Baikal from seismic stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 6, p. 746-766, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0746:SASPIT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a5be4b08c986b317162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, T.C. Jr.","contributorId":83692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Golmshtok, A.J.","contributorId":50922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golmshtok","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weber, E.","contributorId":92321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019801,"text":"70019801 - 1997 - Commerce geophysical lineament - Its source, geometry, and relation to the Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T12:25:26.463929","indexId":"70019801","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Commerce geophysical lineament - Its source, geometry, and relation to the Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone","docAbstract":"

The Commerce geophysical lineament is a northeast-trending magnetic and gravity feature that extends from central Arkansas to southern Illinois over a distance of ≈400 km. It is parallel to the trend of the Reelfoot graben, but offset ≈40 km to the northwest of the western margin of the rift floor. Modeling indicates that the source of the aeromagnetic and gravity anomalies is probably a mafic dike swarm. The age of the source of the Commerce geophysical lineament is not known, but the linearity and trend of the anomalies suggest a relationship with the Reelfoot rift, which has undergone episodic igneous activity. The Commerce geophysical lineament coincides with several topographic lineaments, movement on associated faults at least as young as Quaternary, and intrusions of various ages. Several earthquakes (Mb > 3) coincide with the Commerce geophysical lineament, but the diversity of associated focal mechanisms and the variety of surface structural features along the length of the Commerce geophysical lineament obscure its relation to the release of present-day strain. With the available seismicity data, it is difficult to attribute individual earthquakes to a specific structural lineament such as the Commerce geophysical lineament. However, the close correspondence between Quaternary faulting and present-day seismicity along the Commerce geophysical lineament is intriguing and warrants further study.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0580:CGLISG>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., and Hildenbrand, T., 1997, Commerce geophysical lineament - Its source, geometry, and relation to the Reelfoot rift and New Madrid seismic zone: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 5, p. 580-595, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0580:CGLISG>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"580","endPage":"595","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7f7e4b0c8380cd4cde3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020023,"text":"70020023 - 1997 - Environmental 90Sr measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:41:08","indexId":"70020023","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental 90Sr measurements","docAbstract":"90Sr (T1/2 = 28.5 years) is a long-lived radionuclide produced in nuclear fission. Fast radiochemical detection of 90Sr in environmental samples is not feasible using current analytical methods. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) measurements of 90Sr were made with the Rehovot 14UD Pelletron accelerator at a terminal voltage of 11 or 12 MV using our standard detection system. Injection of hydride ions (SrH3-) was chosen owing to high beam intensity and low Coulomb explosion effects. 90Sr ions were identified and discriminated from isobaric 90Zr by measuring time of flight, total energy and three independent energy-loss signals in an ionization chamber. A reference sample and a ground-water sample were successfully measured. The detection limit determined for a laboratory blank by the residual counts in the 90Sr region is 90Sr/Sr = 3 ?? 10-13, corresponding in practice to (2-4) ?? 10790Sr atoms or about 0.5-1 pCi/L in environmental water samples.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Paul, M., Berkovits, D., Cecil, L., Feldstein, H., Hershkowitz, A., Kashiv, Y., and Vogt, S., 1997, Environmental 90Sr measurements: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 123, no. 1-4, p. 394-399, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2.","startPage":"394","endPage":"399","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268849,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(96)00708-2"}],"volume":"123","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a098ce4b0c8380cd51f7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul, M.","contributorId":100096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkovits, D.","contributorId":21300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkovits","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cecil, L.D.","contributorId":62616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feldstein, H.","contributorId":11350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldstein","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hershkowitz, A.","contributorId":26464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershkowitz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kashiv, Y.","contributorId":9014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashiv","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vogt, S.","contributorId":86126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019811,"text":"70019811 - 1997 - Modeling structural influences on soil water retention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:42:47","indexId":"70019811","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling structural influences on soil water retention","docAbstract":"A new model quantities the effect of soil structure, considered as the arrangement of particles in the soil, on soil water retention. The model partitions the pore space into texture-related and structure-related components, the textural component being what can be deduced to exist if the arrangement of the particles were random, and the structural component being the remainder. An existing model, based on particle-size distributions, represents the textural component, and a new model, based on aggregate-size distributions, represents the structural component. This new model makes use of generalized properties that vary little from one medium to another, thereby eliminating any need for empirically tilted parameters. It postulates a particular character of the structural pore space that in same ways resembles texture-related pore space, but with pore shape related to the breadth of the aggregate-size distribution. To predict a soil water retention curve, this model requires the soil's porosity and particle- and aggregate-size distributions. Tested with measurements for 17 samples from two sources, it fits the data much better than does a model based on texture alone. Goodness of fit indicated by correlation coefficients ranged from 0.908 to 0.998 for the new model, compared with a range of 0.686 in 0.955 for the texture-based model.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100030002x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J., 1997, Modeling structural influences on soil water retention: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 61, no. 3, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100030002x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c32e4b0c8380cd6facc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, J. R. 0000-0001-8191-1727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":58304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020010,"text":"70020010 - 1997 - Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020010","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2152,"text":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","docAbstract":"The mineral loparite (Ce, NA, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3 is the principal ore of the light-group rare-earth elements (LREE) in Russia. The complex oxide has a perovskite (ABO3) structure with coupled substitutions, polymorphism, defect chemistry and a tendency to become metamict. The A site generally contains weakly bonded, easily exchanged cations of the LREE, Na and Ca. The B site generally contains smaller, highly charged cations of Ti, Nb or Fe+3. Mine production is from Russia's Kola Peninsula. Ore is beneficiated to produce a 95% loparite concentrate containing 30% rare-earth oxides. Loparite concentrate is refined by either a chlorination process or acid decomposition process to recover rare-earths, titanium, niobium and tantalum. Rare-earths are separated by solvent extraction and selective precipitation/dissolution. The concentrate is processed at plants in Russia, Estonia and Kazakstan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 21st Rare Earth Research Conference. Part 2 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"7 July 1996 through 12 July 1996","conferenceLocation":"Duluth, MN, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science S.A.","publisherLocation":"Lausanne, Switzerland","doi":"10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1","issn":"09258388","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, J.B., Sinha, S.P., and Kosynkin, V.D., 1997, Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 250, no. 1 -2 pt 2, p. 467-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.","startPage":"467","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206012,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1"},{"id":227861,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1 -2 pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49cfe4b0c8380cd688e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, James B.","contributorId":19993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, Shyama P.","contributorId":8241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"Shyama","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kosynkin, Valery D.","contributorId":92004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosynkin","given":"Valery","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019411,"text":"70019411 - 1997 - A night-lighting technique for at-sea capture of Xantus' Murrelets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T13:10:41","indexId":"70019411","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A night-lighting technique for at-sea capture of Xantus' Murrelets","docAbstract":"

We captured 575 Xantus' Murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) with spotlights and dip nets at 3 islands in the Southern California Channel Islands during April and May of 1995-1997. Working at night (2100-0500 h), 3-person teams in inflatable boats located murrelets with a spotlight and captured them in dip nets from the waters near known breeding colonies at Santa Barbara, Anacapa, and San Clemente Islands. Our average capture rate was 4.7 murrelets hr-1, but we captured up to 12.3 murrelets hr-1. We recaptured 34 murrelets or 6% of the capture total. We recommend this simple, inexpensive, safe and effective night-lighting capture technique for Xantus' Murrelets and other seabirds.

","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521603","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Whitworth, D.L., Takekawa, J.Y., Carter, H., and McIver, W., 1997, A night-lighting technique for at-sea capture of Xantus' Murrelets: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 525-531, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521603.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bce4b0c8380cd468b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitworth, Darrell L.","contributorId":87338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIver, W.R.","contributorId":21907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIver","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020176,"text":"70020176 - 1997 - Low shear stress gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020176","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Low shear stress gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"A low stress gravel bed river is a river where the cross-sectional average dimensionless shear stress (??*) rarely exceeds 0.047. That is the case for the Gunnison River below Delta in Western Colorado. The cross-sectional average ??* in the Gunnison River has not exceeded 0.047, except at one cross section during one year, in the 87 years of record. A ??* of 0.047 is the critical ??* in the bed-load equation considered to be most applicable to gravel/cobble bed rivers (the Meyer-Peter, Mueller equation). According to this equation, there has been no bed-material movement in the Gunnison River since 1920; in fact there has been bed-material movement and this movement is biologically important. Bed-material is moved when the ??* is 0.016 or larger. Streamflows that cause a ??* of at least 0.016 maintain the aquatic habitat in a low shear stress river.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part D","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1997, Low shear stress gravel-bed river, in Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. B pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 599-604.","startPage":"599","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"B pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a0be4b0c8380cd68aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020034,"text":"70020034 - 1997 - Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70020034","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2254,"text":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application","docAbstract":"People frequently regard the landscape as part of a static system. The mountains and rivers that cross the landscape, and the bedrock that supports the surface, change little during the course of a lifetime. Society can alter the geologic history of an area and, in so doing, affect the occurrence and impact of environmental hazards. For example, changes in land use can induce changes in erosion, sedimentation, and ground-water supply. As the environmental system is changed by both natural processes and human activities, the system's capacity to respond to additional stresses also changes. Information such as geologic maps describes the physical world and is critical for identifying solutions to land use and environmental issues. In this paper, a method is developed for estimating the economic value of applying geologic map information to siting a waste disposal facility. An improvement in geologic map information is shown to have a net positive value to society. Such maps enable planners to make superior land management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jeem.1996.0963","issn":"00950696","usgsCitation":"Bernknopf, R., Brookshire, D., McKee, M., and Soller, D.R., 1997, Estimating the social value of geologic map information: A regulatory application: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 32, no. 2, p. 204-218, https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1996.0963.","startPage":"204","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1996.0963"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b62e4b0c8380cd526cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernknopf, R. L.","contributorId":46082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brookshire, D.S.","contributorId":43335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brookshire","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, M.","contributorId":55554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Soller, D. R.","contributorId":25923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014649,"text":"1014649 - 1997 - Culture and serodiagnostic detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from covertly-infected rainbow trout given the stress-induced furunculosis test","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T12:28:17.85547","indexId":"1014649","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Culture and serodiagnostic detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from covertly-infected rainbow trout given the stress-induced furunculosis test","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bullock, G.L., Cipriano, R.C., and Schill, W.B., 1997, Culture and serodiagnostic detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from covertly-infected rainbow trout given the stress-induced furunculosis test: Biomedical Letters, v. 55, p. 169-177.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019256,"text":"70019256 - 1997 - The modern atmospheric background dust load: Recognition in Central Asian snowpack, and compositional constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:39:35.988458","indexId":"70019256","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The modern atmospheric background dust load: Recognition in Central Asian snowpack, and compositional constraints","docAbstract":"

Dusts in strata of snowpack in the Alai-Pamir range, Kirghizstan, Central Asia, have chemical compositions that are in the same restricted range as those of the dusts found in snowpacks at three other locations: central south Greenland, the St. Elias range (Alaska), and coastal Antarctica, where special-type local dust sources certainly cannot dominate. This similarity at the four widely separated sites appears to indicate that there is a modern atmospheric background dust that is the same on a regional, hemispheric, or global scale. The common compositional range is that of average crustal rock, or of moderately ferromagnesian volcanic rock. It is not that of carbonate, nor highly siliciceous rocks. Previously, the existence of an atmospheric background dust has been postulated only on the basis of its particle size distribution, and only from observations in polar regions. The present study partially determines the chemical composition of the background dust, and confirms its existence in snowpack at four localities worldwide, including the center of the earth's largest continent where dusts of local source have considerable influence.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL01533","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T., Pertsiger, F., and Zavjalova, L., 1997, The modern atmospheric background dust load: Recognition in Central Asian snowpack, and compositional constraints: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 13, p. 1607-1610, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01533.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1607","endPage":"1610","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01533","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddfe4b08c986b323e38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":46690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pertsiger, F.","contributorId":82867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pertsiger","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zavjalova, L.","contributorId":46236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zavjalova","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019278,"text":"70019278 - 1997 - Crustal structure, evolution, and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T01:33:04.972207","indexId":"70019278","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure, evolution, and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy","docAbstract":"The Alban Hills, a Quaternary volcanic center lying west of the central Apennines, 15-25 km southeast of Rome, last erupted 19ka and has produced approximately 290 km3 of eruptive deposits since the inception of volcanism at 580 ka. Earthquakes of moderate intensity have been generated there at least since the Roman age. Modern observations show that intermittent periods of swarm activity originate primarily beneath the youngest features, the phreatomagmatic craters on the west side of the volcano. Results from seismic tomography allow identification of a low-velocity region, perhaps still hot or partially molten, more than 6 km beneath the youngest craters and a high-velocity region, probably a solidified magma body, beneath the older central volcanic construct. Thirty centimeters of uplift measured by releveling supports the contention that high levels of seismicity during the 1980s and 1990s resulted from accumulation of magma beneath these craters. The volume of magma accumulation and the amount of maximum uplift was probably at least 40 ?? 106 m3 and 40 cm, respectively. Comparison of newer levelings with those completed in 1891 and 1927 suggests earlier episodes of uplift. The magma chamber beneath the western Alban Hills is probably responsible for much of the past 200 ka of eruptive activity, is still receiving intermittent batches of magma, and is, therefore, continuing to generate modest levels of volcanic unrest. Bending of overburden is the most likely cause of the persistent earthquakes, which generally have hypocenters above the 6-km-deep top of the magma reservoir. In this view, the most recent uplift and seismicity are probably characteristic and not precursors of more intense activity.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s004450050183","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., and Delaney, P., 1997, Crustal structure, evolution, and volcanic unrest of the Alban Hills, Central Italy: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 59, no. 3, p. 161-170, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004450050183.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","otherGeospatial":"Alban Hills","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 10.934552886213424,\n 42.747277394557614\n ],\n [\n 10.934552886213424,\n 40.91378550510643\n ],\n [\n 15.526838042462913,\n 40.91378550510643\n ],\n [\n 15.526838042462913,\n 42.747277394557614\n ],\n [\n 10.934552886213424,\n 42.747277394557614\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcf0e4b0c8380cd4e526","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiarabba, C.","contributorId":39994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiarabba","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amato, A.","contributorId":40084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Delaney, P.T.","contributorId":69980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019276,"text":"70019276 - 1997 - Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the lower and middle Pennsylvanian strata of the Central Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T09:14:51","indexId":"70019276","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3108,"text":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the lower and middle Pennsylvanian strata of the Central Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"

Stratigraphic analysis of Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian rocks of part of the Central Appalachian Basin reveals two orders of cycles and one overall trend in the vertical sequence of coal-bearing rocks. The smallest order cycle, the coal-clastic cycle, begins at the top of a major-resource coal bed and is composed of a vertical sequence of shale, siltstone, sandstone, seat rock, and overlying coal, which, in turn, is overlain by the next coal-clastic sequence. The average duration of the coal-clastic cycle has been calculated to be about 0.4 m.y. The major marine-transgression cycle is composed of five to seven coal-clastic cycles and is distinguished by the occurrence of widespread, relatively thick (generally thicker than 5 m) marine strata at its base. The duration of this cycle has been calculated to be about 2.5 m.y. The Breathitt coarsening-upward trend describes the general upward coarsening of the Middle Pennsylvanian part of the Breathitt Group. The Breathitt Group includes eight major marine-transgression cycles, and was deposited during a period of approximately 20 m.y. The average duration of coal-clastic cycles is of the same order of magnitude (105 year) as the Milankovitch orbital-eccentricity cycles, and matches the 0.4 m.y. second-order eccentricity cycle (Long Earth-Eccentricity cycle). These orbital periodicities are thought to modulate glacial stages and glacio-eustatic levels. The calculated periodicities of the coal-clastic cycles can be used as evidence for glacio-eustatic control of the coal-bearing rocks of the Appalachian Basin. The 2.5-m.y. periodicity of the major marine-transgression cycle does not match any known orbital or tectonic cycle; the cause of this cycle is unknown, but it might represent episodic thrusting in the orogen, propagation of intraplate stresses, or an unidentified orbital cycle. The Breathitt coarsening-upward trend is interpreted to represent the increasing intensity and proximity of the Alleghenian Orogeny. Previously, tectonic subsidence of the basin was considered to be the dominant control on deposition of the coal-bearing rocks of the basin. However, new calculations show that eustatic rates are more significant than averaged subsidence rates for the Pennsylvanian Appalachian Basin. Accordingly, sea-level changes are considered to be a dominant control on coastal sedimentation during the Pennsylvanian. However, tectonic subsidence created the accommodation space for preservation of various orders of cyclic sedimentation; the preserved order of cycles was dependent upon the rate of subsidence from basin margin to axis.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08669465","usgsCitation":"Chesnut, D., 1997, Eustatic and tectonic control of deposition of the lower and middle Pennsylvanian strata of the Central Appalachian Basin: Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, no. 157 PART 2, p. 39-41.","startPage":"39","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"157 PART 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bcfe4b0c8380cd528b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesnut, D.R. Jr.","contributorId":100548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnut","given":"D.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019579,"text":"70019579 - 1997 - Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Application to paleoenvironmental studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T13:58:16","indexId":"70019579","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Application to paleoenvironmental studies","docAbstract":"Sediments from three cores obtained from distinct depositional environments in Lake Baikal, Siberia were analyzed for organic carbon, total nitrogen and lignin phenol concentration and composition. Results were used to examine changes in paleoenvironmental conditions during climatic cycles of the late Quaternary (< 125 ka). Average organic carbon, and total nitrogen concentrations, atomic C/N ratios and organic carbon accumulation rates were significantly higher in the Holocene compared with the late Pleistocene, reflecting overall warmer temperatures and increased runoff during the Holocene. A Holocene maximum in organic carbon was observed at about 6 ka, and may represent the warmest wettest period of the Holocene. At one site (Academician Ridge) pronounced late Pleistocene maxima in organic carbon and biogenic silica were observed at about 80-85 ka, probably indicative of an interstadial period with enhanced aquatic productivity. Total sedimentary lignin phenol contents were generally lower in the late Pleistocene compared to the Holocene, but with several peaks in concentration during the late Pleistocene. These late Pleistocene peaks in total sedimentary lignin content (dated at about 80, 50 and 30 ka) directly precede or occur during peaks in sedimentary biogenic silica contents. These periods likely represent relatively warm interstadial times, with increased precipitation producing the observed increase in terrestrial runoff and aquatic productivity. Lignin phenol ratios (S/V, C/V and P/V) were used to examine changes in terrestrial vegetation type resulting from changes in paleoenvironmental conditions during the late Pleistocene. A degree of caution must be used in the interpretation of these ratios with regard to vegetation sources and paleoenvironmental conditions, because of potential compositional changes in lignin resulting from biodegradation. Nevertheless, results show that long glacial periods were characterized by terrestrial vegetation composed of a mix of non-woody angiosperm vegetation and minor gymnosperm forest. Shorter interstadial periods are defined by a change to dominant gymnosperm forest and were observed at about 80, 75, 63, 50 and 30 ka, ranging from about 2-6 kyr in duration. These interstadial periods of the late Pleistocene defined by lignin phenol ratios generally occur during longer periods of enhanced sedimentary biogenic silica content (about 10-15 ka in duration), providing corroborative evidence of these warm interstadial periods.Sediments obtained in Lake Baikal were analyzed for organic carbon, total nitrogen and lignin phenol composition and used to study changes in paleoenvironmental conditions during climatic cycles of the late Quaternary. The organic carbon, total nitrogen concentrations, atomic C/N ratios and organic carbon accumulation rates were higher in the Holocene showing overall warmer temperatures and increased runoff. Total lignin phenol contents were lower in the Pleistocene representing relatively warm interstadial times with increased precipitation, runoff and aquatic productivity. Lignin phenol was used to examine vegetation changes due to paleoenvironmental conditions and showed that long glacial periods were characterized by terrestrial vegetation.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 V.M. Goldschmidt Conference on Organic Geochemistry of Paleoclimatic Markers: Production, Preservation and Modeling","conferenceDate":"25 May 1995 through 25 May 1995","conferenceLocation":"University Park, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00079-X","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., Colman, S.M., and Lerch, H., 1997, Lignin phenols in sediments of Lake Baikal, Siberia: Application to paleoenvironmental studies, in Organic Geochemistry, v. 27, no. 3-4, University Park, PA, USA, 25 May 1995 through 25 May 1995, p. 153-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00079-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"172","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 109.720458984375,\n 55.85681658243853\n ],\n [\n 109.2041015625,\n 55.28537238249355\n ],\n [\n 108.69873046875,\n 54.6992335284814\n ],\n [\n 108.094482421875,\n 53.891391285752874\n ],\n [\n 107.3583984375,\n 53.38332836757156\n ],\n [\n 106.74316406249999,\n 53.06102475986279\n ],\n [\n 107.347412109375,\n 53.199451902831555\n ],\n [\n 107.808837890625,\n 53.38988075156031\n ],\n [\n 107.6220703125,\n 53.186287573913305\n ],\n [\n 106.89697265625,\n 52.95525697845468\n ],\n [\n 105.919189453125,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n 105.3369140625,\n 51.9781134854881\n ],\n [\n 103.765869140625,\n 51.73383267274113\n ],\n [\n 103.89770507812499,\n 51.590722643120145\n ],\n [\n 104.67773437499999,\n 51.50190410761811\n ],\n [\n 106.051025390625,\n 51.81540697949439\n ],\n [\n 106.32568359375,\n 52.16045455774706\n ],\n [\n 106.292724609375,\n 52.308478623663355\n ],\n [\n 106.54541015625,\n 52.415822612378776\n ],\n [\n 106.776123046875,\n 52.328625488430184\n ],\n [\n 106.9189453125,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n 107.64404296875,\n 52.769539220673074\n ],\n [\n 108.12744140625,\n 52.91552722044141\n ],\n [\n 108.358154296875,\n 53.126998061776156\n ],\n [\n 108.69873046875,\n 53.31774904749089\n ],\n [\n 108.97338867187499,\n 53.461890432859114\n ],\n [\n 108.91845703124999,\n 53.57293832648609\n ],\n [\n 108.56689453125,\n 53.474969999548556\n ],\n [\n 108.8525390625,\n 53.85252660044951\n ],\n [\n 109.05029296875,\n 53.96254944195083\n ],\n [\n 109.10522460937499,\n 53.585983654559826\n ],\n [\n 109.368896484375,\n 53.98839506479995\n ],\n [\n 109.53369140625,\n 54.25238930276849\n ],\n [\n 109.94018554687499,\n 55.49752723542657\n ],\n [\n 109.918212890625,\n 55.7765730186677\n ],\n [\n 109.720458984375,\n 55.85681658243853\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4779e4b0c8380cd67887","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steven M. 0000-0002-0564-9576","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0564-9576","contributorId":77482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019582,"text":"70019582 - 1997 - Potential error with in situ surveys of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, as determined by radio-telemetry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019582","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential error with in situ surveys of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, as determined by radio-telemetry","docAbstract":"In situ surveys using scuba are important tools in the management of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in boreal, clear lakes of North America. Population estimates that are derived from such surveys may be erroneous if the size composition of the fish observed by divers differs from that of the entire population. Forty-four adult smallmouth bass of three size classes were radio-tagged and tracked during the summer of 1993 (mid June to early September) in Green Lake, Maine, USA, to investigate possible size-related error from observations by divers being towed along the lake shore. Our results indicate that scuba divers may fail to count a significant portion of large smallmouth bass during late summer (mid July to early September), compared to small- or medium-sized fish. The results suggest that scuba surveys should be conducted during early summer (mid June to mid July) to derive more accurate population estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00047-7","issn":"01657836","usgsCitation":"Cole, M., and Moring, J., 1997, Potential error with in situ surveys of smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepede, as determined by radio-telemetry: Fisheries Research, v. 31, no. 3, p. 269-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00047-7.","startPage":"269","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206057,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(97)00047-7"},{"id":228125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7ef9e4b0c8380cd7a851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, M.B.","contributorId":36500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moring, J.R.","contributorId":29587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019583,"text":"70019583 - 1997 - Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:48:49.418446","indexId":"70019583","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"

Variations in hydraulic conductivity can greatly modify hillslope ground-water flow fields, effective-stress fields, and slope stability. In materials with uniform texture, hydraulic conductivities can vary over one to two orders of magnitude, yet small variations can be difficult to determine. The destabilizing effects caused by small (one order of magnitude or less) hydraulic conductivity variations using ground-water flow modeling, finite-element deformation analysis, and limit-equilibrium analysis are examined here. Low hydraulic conductivity materials that impede downslope ground-water flow can create unstable areas with locally elevated pore-water pressures. The destabilizing effects of small hydraulic heterogeneities can be as great as those induced by typical variations in the frictional strength (approximately 4°–8°) of texturally similar materials. Common “worst-case” assumptions about ground-water flow, such as a completely saturated “hydrostatic” pore-pressure distribution, do not account for locally elevated pore-water pressures and may not provide a conservative slope stability analysis. In site characterization, special attention should be paid to any materials that might impede downslope ground-water flow and create unstable regions.

","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717)","issn":"10900241","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., 1997, Slope instability caused by small variations in hydraulic conductivity: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 123, no. 8, p. 717-725, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:8(717).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"717","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9160e4b08c986b319886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, M.E.","contributorId":108130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019584,"text":"70019584 - 1997 - Sequence stratigraphic distribution of coaly rocks: Fundamental controls and paralic examples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:45:44.483343","indexId":"70019584","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphic distribution of coaly rocks: Fundamental controls and paralic examples","docAbstract":"

Significant volumes of terrigenous organic matter can be preserved to form coals only when and where the overall increase in accommodation approximately equals the production rate of peat. Accommodation is a function of subsidence and base level. For mires, base level is very specifically the groundwater table. In paralic settings, the groundwater table is strongly controlled by sea level and the precipitation/evaporation ratio. Peat accumulates over a range of rates, but always with a definite maximum rate set by original organic productivity and space available below depositional base level (groundwater table).

Below a threshold accommodation rate (nonzero), no continuous peats accumulate, due to falling or low groundwater table, sedimentary bypass, and extensive erosion by fluvial channels. This is typical of upper highstand, lowstand fan, and basal lowstand-wedge systems tracts. Higher accommodation rates provide relatively stable conditions with rising groundwater tables. Mires initiate and thrive, quickly filling local accommodation vertically and expanding laterally, favoring accumulation of laterally continuous coals in paralic zones within both middle lowstand and middle highstand systems tracts. If the accommodation increase balances or slightly exceeds organic productivity, mires accumulate peat vertically, yielding thicker, more isolated coals most likely during of late lowstand-early transgressive and late transgressive-early highstand periods. At very large accommodation increases, mires are stressed and eventually inundated by clastics or standing water (as in middle transgressive systems tracts). These relations should be valid for mires in all settings, including alluvial, lake plain, and paralic. The tie to sea level in paralic zones depends on local subsidence, sediment supply, and groundwater regimes. These concepts are also useful for investigating the distribution of seal and reservoir facies in nonmarine settings.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/3B05C3FC-172A-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Bohacs, K., and Suter, J., 1997, Sequence stratigraphic distribution of coaly rocks: Fundamental controls and paralic examples: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 81, no. 10, p. 1612-1639, https://doi.org/10.1306/3B05C3FC-172A-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1612","endPage":"1639","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228165,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ce4b08c986b31832a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohacs, K.","contributorId":14136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohacs","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suter, J.","contributorId":32697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suter","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}