{"pageNumber":"3660","pageRowStart":"91475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019217,"text":"70019217 - 1997 - New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019217","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1855,"text":"Great Lakes Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes","docAbstract":"The native aquatic weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei is currently being researched as a potential biological control for the exotic aquatic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), yet little is known about its specific distribution in North America. In this study, E. lecontei was collected in 25 of 27 lakes surveyed for the weevil in Wisconsin, greatly increasing the known distribution of the species in this state. E. lecontei densities evaluated in 14 Wisconsin lakes ranged from <0.01 to 1.91 weevils per apical stem of milfoil. These new records indicate that E. lecontei is widespread throughout Wisconsin and is associated with natural declines of M. spicatum in some lakes. Additional sampling for E. lecontei and research on its ecology and life history are needed to understand the role of this organism in aquatic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Lakes Entomologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900222","usgsCitation":"Jester, L., Bozek, M.A., Sheldon, S., and Helsel, D., 1997, New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes: Great Lakes Entomologist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 169-176.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6603e4b0c8380cd72cd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jester, L.L.","contributorId":28759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jester","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bozek, Michael A.","contributorId":51030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozek","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheldon, S.P.","contributorId":69724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019218,"text":"70019218 - 1997 - Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:42:09.850833","indexId":"70019218","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Testing earthquake prediction methods requires statistical techniques that compare observed success to random chance. One technique is to produce simulated earthquake catalogs and measure the relative success of predicting real and simulated earthquakes. The accuracy of these tests depends on the validity of the statistical model used to simulate the earthquakes. This study tests the effect of clustering in the statistical earthquake model on the results. Three simulation models were used to produce significance levels for a VLF earthquake prediction method. As the degree of simulated clustering increases, the statistical significance drops. Hence, the use of a seismicity model with insufficient clustering can lead to overly optimistic results. A successful method must pass the statistical tests with a model that fully replicates the observed clustering. However, a method can be rejected based on tests with a model that contains insufficient clustering.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL01928","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Michael, A., 1997, Testing prediction methods: Earthquake clustering versus the Poisson model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 15, p. 1891-1894, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01928.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1891","endPage":"1894","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5cce4b08c986b320cae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, A.J. 0000-0002-2403-5019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":52192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019220,"text":"70019220 - 1997 - High-temperature hot spots on Io as seen by the Galileo solid state imaging (SSI) experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:41:02.926192","indexId":"70019220","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-temperature hot spots on Io as seen by the Galileo solid state imaging (SSI) experiment","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>High-temperature hot spots on Io have been imaged at ∼50 km spatial resolution by Galileo's CCD imaging system (SSI). Images were acquired during eclipses (Io in Jupiter's shadow) via the SSI clear filter (∼0.4–1.0 µm), detecting emissions from both small intense hot spots and diffuse extended glows associated with Io‧s atmosphere and plumes. A total of 13 hot spots have been detected over ∼70% of Io–s surface. Each hot spot falls precisely on a low-albedo feature corresponding to a caldera floor and/or lava flow. The hot-spot temperatures must exceed ∼700 K for detection by SSI. Observations at wavelengths longer than those available to SSI require that most of these hot spots actually have significantly higher temperatures (∼1000 K or higher) and cover small areas. The high-temperature hot spots probably mark the locations of active silicate volcanism, supporting suggestions that the eruption and near-surface movement of silicate magma drives the heat flow and volcanic activity of Io.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL01956","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Simonelli, D., Senske, D., Klaasen, K., Keszthelyi, L., Johnson, T.V., Geissler, P., Carr, M.H., and Belton, M.J., 1997, High-temperature hot spots on Io as seen by the Galileo solid state imaging (SSI) experiment: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 20, p. 2443-2446, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01956.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2443","endPage":"2446","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226868,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313fe4b0c8380cd5dd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonelli, D.P.","contributorId":42373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonelli","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senske, D.R.","contributorId":35886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senske","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klaasen, K.P.","contributorId":56806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaasen","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keszthelyi, L.","contributorId":42691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, T. V.","contributorId":79619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Geissler, P.E.","contributorId":67636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissler","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70020314,"text":"70020314 - 1997 - Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020314","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning","docAbstract":"Resource planners and managers interested in utilizing climate model output as part of their operational activities immediately confront the dilemma of scale discordance. Their functional responsibilities cover relatively small geographical areas and necessarily require data of relatively high spatial resolution. Climate models cover a large geographical, i.e. global, domain and produce data at comparatively low spatial resolution. Although the scale differences between model output and planning input are large, several techniques have been developed for disaggregating climate model output to a scale appropriate for use in water resource planning and management applications. With techniques in hand to reduce the limitations imposed by scale discordance, water resource professionals must now confront a more fundamental constraint on the use of climate models-the inability to produce accurate representations and forecasts of regional climate. Given the current capabilities of climate models, and the likelihood that the uncertainty associated with long-term climate model forecasts will remain high for some years to come, the water resources planning community may find it impractical to utilize such forecasts operationally.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climatic Change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005357530360","issn":"01650009","usgsCitation":"Lins, H., Wolock, D., and McCabe, G., 1997, Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning: Climatic Change, v. 37, no. 1, p. 63-88, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360.","startPage":"63","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206935,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005357530360"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8706e4b08c986b31626c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, H.F.","contributorId":81508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"H.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCabe, G.J. 0000-0002-9258-2997","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":12961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019225,"text":"70019225 - 1997 - Natural radionuclides and plutonium in sediments from the western Arctic Ocean: Sedimentation rates and pathways of radionuclides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70019225","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural radionuclides and plutonium in sediments from the western Arctic Ocean: Sedimentation rates and pathways of radionuclides","docAbstract":"Sediment cores collected during R.V. Polar Sea AOS94 expedition from the Chukchi Shelf to the North Poke were analyzed for several decay-series natural radionuclides and Pu isotopes to study sedimentation rates and pathways of radionuclides in the western Arctic Ocean. The measured sedimentation rates vary by more than three orders of magnitude along the transect, from 210Pb based rates of 200-700 cm kyr-1 over the Chukchi Shelf and 89 cm kyr-1 at the Chukchi Slope to 230Th-based rates of 0.02-0.3 cm kyr-1 at various settings in the deep basin. 230Th(ex) profiles in the central western Arctic Basin are characterized by a cyclic pattern and a pronounced sub-surface maximum superimposed on an overall decrease with depth. Sediment inventories of excess 210Pb and 230Th in the deep basin as a whole cannot account for their in situ production and 2610Pb fall-out. The opposite is true at the slope and shallower waters. We contend that, as with other ocean basins, boundary scavenging also exists in the Arctic Ocean. The broad continental shelves and the slope region may have the potential of removing all or moat of the particle-reactive radionuclides unaccounted for in the deep basin. The Pu isotope data are consistent with the notion of boundary scavenging. Sediment inventories and concentrations of Pu decrease rapidly offshore. Isotopic composition of Pu suggests mixing of fall-out Pu, which decreases with increasing latitudes, and fuels reprocessing Pu derived from the Russian and Atlantic sides of the Arctic Ocean. Although fuel reprocessing Pu has impinged on the Chukchi Slope, its existence over the Chukchi Shelf is not evident and probably overshadowed by fall-out Pu.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00040-4","issn":"09670645","usgsCitation":"Huh, C., Pisias, N.G., Kelley, J., Maiti, T., and Grantz, A., 1997, Natural radionuclides and plutonium in sediments from the western Arctic Ocean: Sedimentation rates and pathways of radionuclides: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 44, no. 8, p. 1725-1743, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00040-4.","startPage":"1725","endPage":"1743","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205818,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00040-4"},{"id":226954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a634fe4b0c8380cd7240f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huh, C.-A.","contributorId":99711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huh","given":"C.-A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pisias, N. G.","contributorId":93640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pisias","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, J.M.","contributorId":16174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maiti, T.C.","contributorId":16995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maiti","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grantz, A.","contributorId":60378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019226,"text":"70019226 - 1997 - Färoe-Iceland Ridge Experiment: 1. Crustal structure of northeastern Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-20T15:20:24","indexId":"70019226","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Färoe-Iceland Ridge Experiment: 1. Crustal structure of northeastern Iceland","docAbstract":"<p>Results from the F&auml;roe-Iceland Ridge Experiment (FIRE) constrain the crustal thickness as 19 km under the Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland and 35 km under older Tertiary areas of northeastern Iceland. The Moho is defined by strong <i>P</i> wave and <i>S</i> wave reflections. Synthetic seismogram modeling of the Moho reflection indicates mantle velocities of at least 8.0 km/s beneath the Tertiary areas of northeastern Iceland and at least 7.9 km/s beneath the neovolcanic zone. Crustal diving rays resolve the structure of the upper and lower crust. Surface P wave velocities are 1.1&ndash;4.0 km/s in Quaternary rocks and are rather higher, 4.4&ndash;4.7 km/s, in the Tertiary basalts that outcrop elsewhere. The highest crustal <i>P</i> wave velocities observed directly from diving rays are 7.1 km/s, from rays that turn at 24 km depth. Velocities of 7.35 km/s at the base of the crust are inferred from extrapolation of the lower crustal velocity gradient (0.024 s<sup>&minus;1</sup>). A Poisson's ratio of approximately 0.27, equivalent to an <i>S</i> wave to <i>P</i> wave travel time ratio of 1.78, is measured throughout the crust east of the neovolcanic zone. The Poisson's ratio and the steep Moho topography (in places up to 30&deg; from the horizontal) indicate that the entire crust outside the neovolcanic zone is cool (&lt;800&deg;C). Gravity data are well matched by a velocity/density conversion of our seismic crustal model and indicate a region of low mantle density beneath the neovolcanic zone, believed to be due to elevated mantle temperatures. The crustal thickness in the neovolcanic zone is consistent with geochemical estimates of the melt generation, placing constraints on the flow within the Iceland mantle plume.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/96JB03911","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Staples, R.K., White, R.S., Brandsdottir, B., Menke, W., Maguire, P.K., and McBride, J.H., 1997, Färoe-Iceland Ridge Experiment: 1. Crustal structure of northeastern Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B4, p. 7849-7866, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03911.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"7849","endPage":"7866","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226955,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e86e4b0c8380cd534d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staples, Robert K.","contributorId":26459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staples","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Robert S.","contributorId":94800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandsdottir, Bryndis","contributorId":87309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandsdottir","given":"Bryndis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Menke, William","contributorId":35887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menke","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maguire, Peter K.H.","contributorId":15766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maguire","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"K.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McBride, John H.","contributorId":80535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019228,"text":"70019228 - 1997 - Testing an earthquake prediction algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70019228","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Testing an earthquake prediction algorithm","docAbstract":"A test to evaluate earthquake prediction algorithms is being applied to a Russian algorithm known as M8. The M8 algorithm makes intermediate term predictions for earthquakes to occur in a large circle, based on integral counts of transient seismicity in the circle. In a retroactive prediction for the period January 1, 1985 to July 1, 1991 the algorithm as configured for the forward test would have predicted eight of ten strong earthquakes in the test area. A null hypothesis, based on random assignment of predictions, predicts eight earthquakes in 2.87% of the trials. The forward test began July 1, 1991 and will run through December 31, 1997. As of July 1, 1995, the algorithm had forward predicted five out of nine earthquakes in the test area, which success ratio would have been achieved in 53% of random trials with the null hypothesis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Kossobokov, V., Healy, J.H., and Dewey, J.W., 1997, Testing an earthquake prediction algorithm: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 149, no. 1, p. 219-232.","startPage":"219","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"149","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5bce4b08c986b320c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kossobokov, V.G.","contributorId":105449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kossobokov","given":"V.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, J. H.","contributorId":48968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020309,"text":"70020309 - 1997 - Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T00:02:36.978658","indexId":"70020309","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes","docAbstract":"<p>Geologic mapping, together with 73 new K-Ar and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar age determinations of 45 samples from 17 different volcanic units, plus paleomagnetic orientations, geochemical compositions, and terrestrial photogrammetry are used to define the chronostratigraphy of the Tatara–San Pedro complex, an eruptive center at 36°S on the volcanic front of the Andean southern volcanic zone. The Tatara–San Pedro complex preserves ≈55 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of lavas that erupted from at least three central vent regions. Remnant, unconformity-bound sequences of lavas are separated by lacunae that include significant periods of erosion. Quaternary volcanism commenced ca. 930 ka with eruption of voluminous dacitic magma, followed 100 k.y. later by the only major rhyolitic eruption. From 780 ka onward, more than 80% of the preserved volume is basaltic andesite (52%–57% SiO<sub>2</sub>), but petrographically and geochemically diverse dacitic magmas (63%–69% SiO<sub>2</sub>) erupted sporadically throughout this younger, dominantly mafic phase of activity. A few basaltic lavas (49%–52% SiO<sub>2</sub>) are present, mainly in portions of the complex older than 230 ka. The number of vents, the petrologic and geochemical diversity, and the temporal distribution of mafic and silicic lavas are consistent with emplacement of many separate batches of mafic magma into the shallow crust beneath the Tatara–San Pedro complex over the past million years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0127:VAEDTP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Singer, B.S., Thompson, R.A., Dungan, M., Feeley, T., Nelson, S., Pickens, J., Brown, L., Wulff, A., Davidson, J., and Metzger, J., 1997, Volcanism and erosion during the past 930 k.y. at the Tatara-San Pedro complex, Chilean Andes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 2, p. 127-142, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0127:VAEDTP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231211,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc31ce4b08c986b32af76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, B. S.","contributorId":55981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singer","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R. A.","contributorId":100420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feeley, T.C.","contributorId":17793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feeley","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, S.T.","contributorId":14147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pickens, J.C.","contributorId":100148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brown, L.L.","contributorId":46907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wulff, A.W.","contributorId":72558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wulff","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Davidson, J.P.","contributorId":16123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Metzger, J.","contributorId":44698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metzger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70019235,"text":"70019235 - 1997 - The distribution of sulfur dioxide and other infrared absorbers on the surface of Io","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T15:12:03.687719","indexId":"70019235","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of sulfur dioxide and other infrared absorbers on the surface of Io","docAbstract":"<p><span>The&nbsp;</span><i>Galileo</i><span>&nbsp;Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer was used to investigate the distribution and properties of sulfur dioxide over the surface of Io, and qualitative results for the anti‐Jove hemisphere are presented here. SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, existing as a frost, is found almost everywhere, but with spatially variable concentration. The exceptions are volcanic hot spots, where high surface temperatures promote rapid vaporization and can produce SO</span><sub>2</sub><span>‐free areas. The pervasive frost, if fully covering the cold surface, has characteristic grain sizes of 30 to 100 µm, or greater. Regions of greater sulfur dioxide concentrations are found. The equatorial Colchis Regio area exhibits extensive snowfields with large particles (250 to 500 µm diameter, or greater) beneath smaller particles. A weak feature at 3.15 µm is observed and is perhaps due to hydroxides, hydrates, or water. A broad absorption in the 1 µm region, which could be caused by iron‐containing minerals, shows a concentration in Io's southern polar region, with an absence in the Pele plume deposition ring.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL02609","usgsCitation":"Carlson, R.W., Smythe, W.D., Lopes-Gautier, R.M., Davies, A.G., Kamp, L., Mosher, J.A., Soderblom, L., Leader, F., Mehlman, R., Clark, R.N., and Fanale, F.P., 1997, The distribution of sulfur dioxide and other infrared absorbers on the surface of Io: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 20, p. 2479-2482, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL02609.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2479","endPage":"2482","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Io","volume":"24","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baadde4b08c986b322a73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, R. W.","contributorId":85331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smythe, W. D.","contributorId":90878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R. M. C.","contributorId":68046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamp, L.W.","contributorId":16581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mosher, J. A.","contributorId":34605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Soderblom, L.A. 0000-0002-0917-853X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-853X","contributorId":6139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70019355,"text":"70019355 - 1997 - The inverse problem of argon diffusion from minerals: Determination of kinetic parameters from stepwise-heating experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:05:07.85063","indexId":"70019355","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The inverse problem of argon diffusion from minerals: Determination of kinetic parameters from stepwise-heating experiments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Results of two routine&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar stepwise heating experiments on a biotite and a basanite are interpreted in terms of Fick's and Arrhenius' laws. Both patterns represent a saddle-shaped&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar release. Argon isotope spectra are suggested to be controlled by the activation energy of diffusion&nbsp;</span><i>E</i><span>&nbsp;and the frequency factor&nbsp;</span><i>D<sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>. The activation energy of&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar is lower than the one of&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar. This results in a preferable release of&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar relatively to&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar at high-temperature steps and an increasing high-temperature wing in the saddle-shaped age spectrum. At low temperatures, considerable losses and irregularities in release of mainly&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar are observed, which cause the decreasing low-temperature wing in the “saddle”. The suggestion of argon losses (mainly of&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar) from a loose, “unstable” zone of the mineral structures becomes justified. The&nbsp;</span><i>n</i><span>-irradiation of the samples and the shift of&nbsp;</span><i>E</i><span>&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar towards lower values seems to explain the saddle-shaped age-spectra often encountered in&nbsp;</span><sup>40</sup><span>Ar/</span><sup>39</sup><span>Ar-geochronometry.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256019708234052","issn":"10256016","usgsCitation":"Brandt, S., Rasskazov, S., Brandt, I., Ivanov, A., and Kunk, M.J., 1997, The inverse problem of argon diffusion from minerals: Determination of kinetic parameters from stepwise-heating experiments: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 33, no. 4, p. 399-409, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256019708234052.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"399","endPage":"409","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226962,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad5ee4b08c986b323b89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brandt, Stephen B.","contributorId":29588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Stephen B.","affiliations":[{"id":12452,"text":"Oregon Sea Grant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rasskazov, S.V.","contributorId":59571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasskazov","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, I.S.","contributorId":95213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"I.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ivanov, A.V.","contributorId":24505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanov","given":"A.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019358,"text":"70019358 - 1997 - Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:10:39.081665","indexId":"70019358","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"Rockfalls and debris avalanches from steep hillslopes in northern Vermont are a continuing hazard for motorists, mountain climbers, and hikers. Huge blocks of massive schist and gneiss can reach the valley floor intact, whereas others may trigger debris avalanches on their downward travel. Block movement is facilitated by major joints both parallel and perpendicular to the glacially over-steepened valley walls. The slope failures occur most frequently in early spring, accompanying freeze/thaw cycles, and in the summer, following heavy rains. The study reported here began in August 1986 and ended in June 1989. Manual and automated measurements of temperature and displacement were made at two locations on opposing valley walls. Both cyclic-reversible and permanent displacements occurred during the 13-month monitoring period. The measurements indicate that freeze/thaw mechanisms produce small irreversible incremental movements, averaging 0.53 mm/yr, that displace massive blocks and produce rockfalls. The initial freeze/thaw weakening of the rock mass also makes slopes more susceptible to attrition by water, and heavy rains have triggered rockfalls and consequent debris flows and avalanches. Temperature changes on the rock surface produced time-dependent cyclic displacements of the rock blocks that were not instantaneous but lagged behind the temperature changes. Statistical analyses of the data were used to produce models of cyclic time-dependent rock block behavior. Predictions based solely on temperature changes gave poor results. A model using time and temperature and incorporating the lag effect predicts block displacement more accurately.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.III.2.161","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Lee, F.T., Odum, J.K., and Lee, J., 1997, Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 3, no. 2, p. 161-182, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.III.2.161.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.36299789778971\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.19585679900901,\n              44.36299789778971\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.19585679900901,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b915fe4b08c986b319880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, F. T.","contributorId":50163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, J.D.","contributorId":15773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019360,"text":"70019360 - 1997 - Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T00:19:30.156971","indexId":"70019360","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Analysis of high resolution diversity data for Mississippian corals in the western interior United States yielded mild latitudinal diversity gradients despite the small geographic area covered by samples and a large influence on diversity patterns by geographic sampling intensity (sample bias). Three competing plate tectonic reconstructions were tested using the diversity patterns. Although none could be forcefully rejected, one reconstruction proved less consistent with diversity patterns than the other two and additional coral diversity data from farther north in Canada would better discriminate the two equivalent reconstructions.</p><p>Despite the relatively high sampling intensity represented by the analyzed database, diversity patterns were greatly affected by sample abundance and distribution. Hence, some effort at recognizing and accounting for sample bias should be undertaken in any study of latitudinal diversity gradients. Small-scale geographic lumping of sample localities had only small effects on geographic diversity patterns. However, large-scale (e.g., regional) geographic lumping of diversity data may not yield latitudinally sensitive diversity patterns. Temporal changes in coral diversity in this region reflect changes in eustacy, local tectonism, and terrigenous sediment flux, far more than they do shifting latitude. Highest regional diversity occurred during the interval when the studied region occupied the highest latitude. Therefore, diversity data from different regions may not be comparable, in terms of latitudinal inference. Small-scale stratigraphic lumping of the data caused a nearly complete loss of the latitudinal diversity patterns apparent prior to lumping. Hence, the narrowest possible stratigraphic resolution should be maintained in analyzing latitudinal diversity gradients.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000035733","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Webb, G., Sando, W., and Raymond, A., 1997, Mississippian coral latitudinal diversity gradients (western interior United States): Testing the limits of high resolution diversity data: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 5, p. 780-791, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000035733.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"780","endPage":"791","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b65e4b0c8380cd6f52d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, G.E.","contributorId":33516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sando, W.J.","contributorId":59470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019980,"text":"70019980 - 1997 - Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T15:05:58","indexId":"70019980","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho","docAbstract":"The South Fork basin of the Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho has been an area of heavy mining activity since the 1880s. The mining operations have resulted in elevated concentrations of metals in surface water, most notably cadmium, lead, zinc, and, to a lesser extent, copper. The metals affected surface water quality downstream in the Coeur d'Alene basin and are suspected to be one of the primary reasons for the reduction in populations of native westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi. The avoidance response of a surrogate species, Snake River cutthroat trout O. clarki (unnamed subspecies), was evaluated against conditions simulating those in the Coeur d'Alene River basin. Cutthroat trout avoided a metals mixture of these concentrations: Cd (0.30 ??g/L), Cu (6.0 ??g/L), Pb (0.6 ??g/L), and Zn (28 ??g/L). The avoidance response to either Cu or Zn alone was similar to the avoidance response to the mixture, suggesting that avoidance to the mixture was due to these metals. After acclimation to Zn at 55 ??g/L for 90 d, cutthroat trout detected and preferred a lower Zn concentration of 28 ??g/L. The lowest Zn concentrations avoided (28 ??g/L) were 1/6 to 1/78 the Zn concentrations measured in the South Fork and lower Coeur d'Alene River basins. Avoidance of metals-contaminated habitats by cutthroat trout may be, in part, responsible for reduced fish populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0699:CTAOMA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.F., Goldstein, J.N., Farag, A.M., and Brumbaugh, W.G., 1997, Cutthroat trout avoidance of metals and conditions characteristic of a mining waste site: Coeur d'Alene River, Idaho: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 4, p. 699-706, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0699:CTAOMA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"699","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ee4b0c8380cd4e637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, Daniel F.","contributorId":75455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, Jack N.","contributorId":176729,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldstein","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019369,"text":"70019369 - 1997 - Flooding in southeastern United States from tropical storm Alberto, July 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T12:09:31","indexId":"70019369","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Flooding in southeastern United States from tropical storm Alberto, July 1994","docAbstract":"<p><span>In July 1994, parts of central and southwestern Georgia, southeastern Alabama, and the western panhandle of Florida were devastated by floods resulting from rainfall produced by Tropical Storm Alberto. Entire communities were inundated by flood waters as numerous streams reached peak stages and discharges far greater than previous floods in the Flint, Ocmulgee, and Choctawhatchee River basins. The flooding resulted in 33 deaths in towns and small communities along or near the overflowing streams. President Clinton declared 78 counties as Federal disaster areas: 55 in Georgia, 10 in Alabama, and 13 in Florida. The Flint River and Ocmulgee River basins in Georgia experienced floods that exceeded the 100-year recurrence interval discharge along almost their entire lengths. Travel was disrupted as railroad and highway bridges and culverts were overtopped an, in many cases, washed out. Total flood damages to public and private property were estimated at nearly $1 billion dollars. The destruction caused by this storm serves to emphasize the high cost imposed upon life and property by flood disasters; and thus, highlight the importance of preparing for, monitoring, and documenting such occurrences.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control (IAHS Publication no. 239)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1996 International Conference on Destructive Water: Water-Caused Natural Disasters, their Abatement and Control","conferenceDate":"June 24-28 1996","conferenceLocation":"Anaheim, CA","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)","issn":"01447815","isbn":"1-901502-00-7","usgsCitation":"Stamey, T.C., 1997, Flooding in southeastern United States from tropical storm Alberto, July 1994, <i>in</i> Destructive water: water-caused natural disasters, their abatement and control (IAHS Publication no. 239), Anaheim, CA, June 24-28 1996, p. 33-38.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340737,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://iahs.info/Publications-News.do","linkHelpText":"Conference Proceedings volume is available using the Search function"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Southeastern United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1184e4b0c8380cd54008","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Leavesley, George H. george@usgs.gov","contributorId":1202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"George","email":"george@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":536452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693930,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nobilis, Franz","contributorId":191706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nobilis","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693931,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parker, Randolph S.","contributorId":58638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693932,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, Verne R. vrschnei@usgs.gov","contributorId":279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Verne","email":"vrschnei@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693933,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van de Ven, Frans H.M.","contributorId":191707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van de Ven","given":"Frans","email":"","middleInitial":"H.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693934,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6}],"authors":[{"text":"Stamey, Timothy C. tcstamey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"Timothy","email":"tcstamey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019374,"text":"70019374 - 1997 - The discovery and development of the El Dorado (Kansas) oil field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019374","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2897,"text":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The discovery and development of the El Dorado (Kansas) oil field","docAbstract":"Pioneers named El Dorado, Kansas, in 1857 for the beauty of the site and the promise of future riches but not until 58 years later was black rather than mythical yellow gold discovered when the Stapleton No. 1 oil well came in on October 5, 1915. El Dorado's leaders were envious when nearby towns found huge gas fields and thrived. John Donley, an El Dorado barber, had tried to find either gas or oil in 1878 at a nearby site selected by a spiritualist. He staked out a townsite, spudded a well and drilled 200 feet before running out of money. Wells in 1879 and 1882 produced only brine. In June, 1914, chafed over discovery of oil in nearby Augusta, El Dorado city fathers contracted with Erasmus Haworth, soon to retire from his position as State Geologist, to perform a geological study of the area. His field work outlined the El Dorado Anticline, which unsuccessfully was drilled first in August, 1915. On abandonment, the Wichita Natural Gas Company purchased the lease and drilled the Stapleton No. 1 oil well. More success followed and by 1918, the El Dorado produced 29 million barrels, almost 9% of the nation's oil. Entrepreneurs came and prospered: the Cities Service Oil Company, A.L. Derby, Jack Vickers, and Bill Skelly all became familiar names in Midcontinent oil marketing. Earlier giant fields had hurt the price of crude oil but the El Dorado came in as both World War I and the rapid popularization of motor transport made a market for both light and heavy ends of the refinery stream. The giant gas field never materialized as hoped but in late 1995, the El Dorado Field produced its 300 millionth barrel of oil.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01941453","usgsCitation":"Skelton, L., 1997, The discovery and development of the El Dorado (Kansas) oil field: Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, v. 19, no. 1-2, p. 48-53.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baac0e4b08c986b3229b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skelton, L.H.","contributorId":64399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skelton","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019376,"text":"70019376 - 1997 - Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:27:02","indexId":"70019376","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data","docAbstract":"<p><span>We describe a method for using spatially referenced regressions of contaminant transport on watershed attributes (SPARROW) in regional water-quality assessment. The method is designed to reduce the problems of data interpretation caused by sparse sampling, network bias, and basin heterogeneity. The regression equation relates measured transport rates in streams to spatially referenced descriptors of pollution sources and land-surface and stream-channel characteristics. Regression models of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) transport are constructed for a region defined as the nontidal conterminous United States. Observed TN and TP transport rates are derived from water-quality records for 414 stations in the National Stream Quality Accounting Network. Nutrient sources identified in the equations include point sources, applied fertilizer, livestock waste, nonagricultural land, and atmospheric deposition (TN only). Surface characteristics found to be significant predictors of land-water delivery include soil permeability, stream density, and temperature (TN only). Estimated instream decay coefficients for the two contaminants decrease monotonically with increasing stream size. TP transport is found to be significantly reduced by reservoir retention. Spatial referencing of basin attributes in relation to the stream channel network greatly increases their statistical significance and model accuracy. The method is used to estimate the proportion of watersheds in the conterminous United States (i.e., hydrologic cataloging units) with outflow TP concentrations less than the criterion of 0.1 mg/L, and to classify cataloging units according to local TN yield (kg/km</span><sup>2</sup><span>/yr).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02171","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G., and Alexander, R.B., 1997, Regional interpretation of water-quality monitoring data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 12, p. 2781-2798, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02171.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2781","endPage":"2798","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480024,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a534e4b0e8fec6cdbd7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019547,"text":"70019547 - 1997 - Aftershocks: Are they earthquakes or afterthoughts?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T12:17:08.178158","indexId":"70019547","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aftershocks: Are they earthquakes or afterthoughts?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>We tend to view aftershocks as after-thoughts in their scientific as well as societal importance. The media often ask seismologists: “Was it just an aftershock?” with the “just” implying that aftershocks present little cause for concern. Seismologists themselves tend to dismiss the importance of events that follow a large mainshock. Even appreciable aftershocks typically generate only a fraction of the scientific interest and investigation that the mainshock does. However, consideration of recent earthquake sequences suggests that aftershocks can be even more damaging than mainshocks in some cases. That is, although the aftershocks are still, by definition, smaller events, they could be even more damaging by virtue of proximity to population centers or other circumstances.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97EO00306","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Jones, L., 1997, Aftershocks: Are they earthquakes or afterthoughts?: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 78, no. 45, p. 505-508, https://doi.org/10.1029/97EO00306.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"505","endPage":"508","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228163,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d4e4b0c8380cd47ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, L.M.","contributorId":61433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020332,"text":"70020332 - 1997 - Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020332","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities","docAbstract":"The common statistical practice of dividing a range of probabilities into equal probability intervals may not result in useful landslide-hazard map units for areas populated by equal-area cells, each of which has a unique probability. Most hazard map areas contain very large numbers of cells having low probability of failure, and as probability increases, the number of cells decreases in a non-linear fashion. Exploration of this distribution suggests that the spatial frequency of expected failures may be used to identify probability intervals that define map units. From a spatial database of gridded probabilities, map units that address the different objectives of land-use planners and emergency response officials can be defined.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Campbell, R., and Bernknopf, R.L., 1997, Debris-flow hazard map units from gridded probabilities, <i>in</i> International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997, p. 165-175.","startPage":"165","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf9e4b0c8380cd4ea3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Russell H.","contributorId":91074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Russell H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernknopf, Richard L.","contributorId":97061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernknopf","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019201,"text":"70019201 - 1997 - Industrially induced changes in Earth structure at the geysers geothermal area, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:44:50.485007","indexId":"70019201","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrially induced changes in Earth structure at the geysers geothermal area, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Industrial exploitation is causing clearly-measurable changes in Earth structure at The Geysers geothermal area, California. Production at The Geysers peaked in the late 1980s at ∼3.5 × 10³ kg s<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of steam and 1800 MW of electricity. It subsequently decreased by about 10% per year [<i>Barker et al.</i>, 1992] because of declining reservoir pressure. The steam reservoir coincides with a strong negative anomaly (∼0.16, ∼9%) in the compressional-to-shear seismic wave speed ratio<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>P</sub></i>/<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>S</sub></i>, consistent with the expected effects of low-pressure vapor-phase pore fluid [<i>Julian et al.</i>, 1996]. Between 1991 and 1994 this anomaly increased in amplitude by up to about 0.07 (∼4%). This is consistent with the expected effects of continued pressure reduction and conversion of pore water to steam as a result of exploitation. These unique results show that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V<sub>P</sub></i>/<i>V<sub>S</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>tomography can easily detect saturation changes caused by exploitation of reservoirs, and is a potentially valuable technique for monitoring environmental change. They also provide geophysical observational evidence that geothermal energy is not a renewable energy source.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96GL03152","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Foulger, G., Grant, C., Ross, A., and Julian, B., 1997, Industrially induced changes in Earth structure at the geysers geothermal area, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 2, p. 135-137, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL03152.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489015,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96gl03152","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ac2e4b0c8380cd61f49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foulger, G.R.","contributorId":14439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Foulger","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grant, C.C.","contributorId":46701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, A.","contributorId":14582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Julian, B.R.","contributorId":101272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julian","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019552,"text":"70019552 - 1997 - A mechanism for high wall-rock velocities in rockbursts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019552","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3208,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A mechanism for high wall-rock velocities in rockbursts","docAbstract":"Considerable evidence has been reported for wall-rock velocities during rockbursts in deep gold mines that are substantially greater than ground velocities associated with the primary seismic events. Whereas varied evidence suggests that slip across a fault at the source of an event generates nearby particle velocities of, at most, several m/s, numerous observations, in nearby damaged tunnels, for instance, imply wall-rock velocities of the order of 10 m/s and greater. The common observation of slab buckling or breakouts in the sidewalls of damaged excavations suggests that slab flexure may be the mechanism for causing high rock ejection velocities. Following its formation, a sidewall slab buckles, causing the flexure to increase until the stress generated by flexure reaches the limit 5 that can be supported by the sidewall rock. I assume here that S is the uniaxial compressive strength. Once the flexural stress exceeds S, presumably due to the additional load imposed by a nearby seismic event, the slab fractures and unflexes violently. The peak wall-rock velocity v thereby generated is given by v=(3 + 1-??2/2)1 2 S/?????E for rock of density ??, Young's modulus E, and Poisson's ratio ??. Typical values of these rock properties for the deep gold mines of South Africa yield v= 26 m/s and for especially strong quartzites encountered in these same mines, v> 50m/s. Even though this slab buckling process leads to remarkably high ejection velocities and violent damage in excavations, the energy released during this failure is only a tiny fraction of that released in the primary seismic event, typically of magnitude 2 or greater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1997, A mechanism for high wall-rock velocities in rockbursts: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 150, no. 3-4, p. 381-391.","startPage":"381","endPage":"391","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"150","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e44be4b0c8380cd46565","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175069,"text":"70175069 - 1997 - Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T16:24:04","indexId":"70175069","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Meeting of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Meeting of the American Fisheries Society","conferenceLocation":"Monterey, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Thompson, J., 1997, Impacts of the Asian Clam on San Francisco Bay, California, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Monterey, CA.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db54e4b0589fa1c7e8e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174853,"text":"70174853 - 1997 - Two-dimensional habitat modeling in the Yellowstone/Upper Missouri River system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T16:51:48","indexId":"70174853","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Two-dimensional habitat modeling in the Yellowstone/Upper Missouri River system","docAbstract":"<p><span>This study is being conducted to provide the aquatic biology component of a decision support system being developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. In an attempt to capture the habitat needs of Great Plains fish communities we are looking beyond previous habitat modeling methods. Traditional habitat modeling approaches have relied on one-dimensional hydraulic models and lumped compositional habitat metrics to describe aquatic habitat. A broader range of habitat descriptors is available when both composition and configuration of habitats is considered. Habitat metrics that consider both composition and configuration can be adapted from terrestrial biology. These metrics are most conveniently accessed with spatially explicit descriptors of the physical variables driving habitat composition. Two-dimensional hydrodynamic models have advanced to the point that they may provide the spatially explicit description of physical parameters needed to address this problem. This paper reports progress to date on applying two-dimensional hydraulic and habitat models on the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers and uses examples from the Yellowstone River to illustrate the configurational metrics as a new tool for assessing riverine habitats.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) meeting 1997","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) Meeting","conferenceDate":"December 2-4, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX","language":"English","publisher":"NALMS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T.J., Bovee, K., and Bowen, Z., 1997, Two-dimensional habitat modeling in the Yellowstone/Upper Missouri River system, <i>in</i> North American Lake Management Society (NALMS) meeting 1997, Houston, TX, December 2-4, 1997, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nalms.org/home/conferences-and-events/past-nalms-symposia/annual-symposium.cmsx"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdbae4b0f1bea0e0f905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, T. J.","contributorId":52507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bovee, K.D.","contributorId":15954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bovee","given":"K.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185275,"text":"70185275 - 1997 - Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:39:57","indexId":"70185275","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data","docAbstract":"<p><span>An analysis of the Cape Cod test was performed using several first- and higher-order theoretical models. We compare conditional and unconditional solutions of the transport equation and employ them for analysis of the experimental data. We consider spatial moments, mass breakthrough curves, and the distribution of the solute mass in space. The concentration measurements were also analyzed using theoretical models for the expected value and variance of concentration. The theoretical models we employed are based on the spatial correlation structure of the conductivity field, without any fitting of parameters to the tracer data, and hence we can test the predictive power of the theories tested. The effects of recharge on macrodispersion are investigated, and it is shown that recharge provides a reasonable explanation for the enhanced lateral spread of the Cape Cod plume. The compendium of the experimental results presented here is useful for testing of theoretical and numerical models.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR02586","usgsCitation":"Ezzedine, S., and Rubin, Y., 1997, Analysis of the Cape Cod tracer data: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR02586.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96wr02586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ezzedine, Souheil","contributorId":189491,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ezzedine","given":"Souheil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Yoram","contributorId":189432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubin","given":"Yoram","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185273,"text":"70185273 - 1997 - Potential for intrinsic bioremediation of a DNT-contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:40:39","indexId":"70185273","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential for intrinsic bioremediation of a DNT-contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>Microorganisms indigenous to a shallow aquifer, which underlies an explosives-contaminated site, mineralized 28% of [U-ring-</span><sup>14</sup><span>C] 2,4–dinitrotoluene to </span><sup>14</sup><span>CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> within 28 days under aerobic conditions. Approximately 20% of added 2,4–dinitrotoluene remained undegraded at the end of the incubation while approximately 22% and 6% were transformed to 4–amino-2–nitrotoluene and 2–amino-4–nitrotoluene, respectively. In aquifer microcosms containing 2,6–dinitrotoluene, approximately 67% of the substrate remained undegraded and approximately 14% was transformed to 2–amino-6–nitrotoluene. The radiolabeled study indicated that about 8% of the 2,6–dinotrotoluene was mineralized to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The demonstrated degradation and subsequent mineralization of dinitrotoluene compounds by aquifer microorganisms are consistent with the decline in dissolved dinitrotoluene concentrations observed along the general ground-water flowpath at the site. The results indicate that intrinsic bioremediation may be a viable alternative for remediating contaminated ground water at this site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., Landmeyer, J., and Schumacher, J., 1997, Potential for intrinsic bioremediation of a DNT-contaminated aquifer: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 35, no. 1, p. 12-17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00054.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ccf5a0e4b0849ce97f0d0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumacher, J.G.","contributorId":54398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174704,"text":"70174704 - 1997 - Water quality variability in San Francisco Bay, Some gGeneral lessons from 1996 sampling: 1996 annual report, San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:44:43","indexId":"70174704","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Water quality variability in San Francisco Bay, Some gGeneral lessons from 1996 sampling: 1996 annual report, San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the results from the 1996 Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances (RMP). It is the fourth Annual Report from the RMP which began in 1993 and attempts to synthesize the most obvious data patterns from the last four years. This report includes data from Base Program monitoring activities, as well as results of Pilot and Special Studies conducted or completed in 1996. Additionally, several articles contributed by RMP investigators and others, are included. These articles provide perspective and insight on important contaminant issues identified by the RMP. This summary addresses which kinds of pollutants measured by the RMP appear to be at levels that warrant concern, what kinds of trends may be discerned, and which stations have consistently shown elevated contaminant levels. The goals or general objectives of the RMP are: 1. To obtain high quality baseline data describing the concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic trace elements and organic contaminants in the water and sediment of the San Francisco Estuary. 2. To determine seasonal and annual trends in chemical and biological water quality in the San Francisco Estuary. 3. To continue to develop a data set that can be used to determine long-term trends in the concentrations of toxic and potentially toxic trace elements and organic contaminants in the water and sediments of the San Francisco Estuary. 4. To determine whether water quality and sediment quality in the Estuary at large are in compliance with objectives established by the Basin Plan (the regulatory planning document used by the Regional Water Quality Control Board). 5. To provide a database on water and sediment quality in the Estuary which is compatible with data being developed in other ongoing studies, including wasteload allocation studies and model development, sediment quality objectives development, in-bay studies of dredged material disposal, Interagency Ecological Program (IEP) water quality studies, primary productivity studies, local effects biomonitoring programs, and state and federal mussel watch programs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Cole, B., Edmunds, J., and Baylosis, J., 1997, Water quality variability in San Francisco Bay, Some gGeneral lessons from 1996 sampling: 1996 annual report, San Francisco estuary regional monitoring program for trace substances, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"60","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco 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