{"pageNumber":"3661","pageRowStart":"91500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019782,"text":"70019782 - 1997 - Strand-plain evidence for late Holocene lake-level variations in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T13:18:51.683292","indexId":"70019782","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strand-plain evidence for late Holocene lake-level variations in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Lake level is a primary control on shoreline behavior in Lake Michigan. The historical record from lake-level gauges is the most accurate source of information on past lake levels, but the short duration of the record does not permit the recognition of long-term patterns of lake-level change (longer than a decade or two). To extend the record of lake-level change, the internal architecture and timing of development of five strand plains of late Holocene beach ridges along the Lake Michigan coastline were studied. Relative lake-level curves for each site were constructed by determining the elevation of foreshore (swash zone) sediments in the beach ridges and by dating basal wetland sediments in the swales between ridges. These curves detect long-term (30+ yr) lake-level variations and differential isostatic adjustments over the past 4700 yr at a greater resolution than achieved by other studies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0666:SPEFLH>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., and Baedke, S., 1997, Strand-plain evidence for late Holocene lake-level variations in Lake Michigan: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 6, p. 666-682, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0666:SPEFLH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"682","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.57368963464215,\n              40.74327503710697\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.03658025964224,\n              40.74327503710697\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.03658025964224,\n              46.40393981670465\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.57368963464215,\n              46.40393981670465\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.57368963464215,\n              40.74327503710697\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b989ce4b08c986b31c0ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019785,"text":"70019785 - 1997 - Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T14:41:13","indexId":"70019785","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies","docAbstract":"<p>The importance of mineral weathering was assessed and compared for five mid-Atlantic watersheds receiving similar atmospheric inputs but underlain by differing bedrock. Annual solute mass balances and volume-weighted mean solute concentrations were calculated for each watershed for each year of record. In addition, primary and secondary mineralogy were determined for each of the watersheds through analysis of soil samples and thin sections using petrographic, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction techniques. Mineralogical data were also compiled from the literature. These data were input to NETPATH, a geochemical program that calculates the masses of minerals that react with precipitation to produce stream water chemistry. The feasibilities of the weathering scenarios calculated by NETPATH were evaluated based on relative abundances and reactivities of minerals in the watershed. In watersheds underlain by reactive bedrocks, weathering reactions explained the stream base cation loading. In the acid-sensitive watersheds on unreactive bedrock, calculated weathering scenarios were not consistent with the abundance of reactive minerals in the underlying bedrock, and alternative sources of base cations are discussed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199706)11:7<719::AID-HYP522>3.0.CO;2-2","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, A.K., Rice, K.C., Bricker, O.P., Kennedy, M.M., and Anderson, R.T., 1997, Use of geochemical mass balance modelling to evaluate the role of weathering in determining stream chemistry in five mid-Atlantic watersheds on different lithologies: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 7, p. 719-744, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199706)11:7<719::AID-HYP522>3.0.CO;2-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"744","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf17e4b08c986b329957","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Anne K.","contributorId":52955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennedy, Margaret M.","contributorId":178170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, R. Todd","contributorId":178195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019487,"text":"70019487 - 1997 - Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:54:07","indexId":"70019487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) vapors on montmorillonite have been studied on SAz-1 and SWy-1 source clays, each exchanged respectively with Ca, Na, K, Cs and tetramethylammonium (TMA) cations. The corresponding lattice expansions were also determined, and the corresponding N<sub>2</sub> adsorption data were provided for comparison. For clays exchanged with cations of low hydrating powers (such as K, Cs and TMA), water shows a notably lower uptake than does N<sub>2</sub> at low relative pressures (<i>P/P</i><sup>0</sup>). By contrast, EGME shows higher uptakes than N<sub>2</sub> on all exchanged clays at all <i>P/P</i><sup>0</sup>. The anomaly for water is attributed to its relatively low attraction for siloxane surfaces of montmorillonite because of its high cohesive energy density. In addition to solvating cations and expanding interlayers, water and EGME vapors condense into small clay pores and interlayer voids created by interlayer expansion. The initial (dry) interlayer separation varies more significantly with cation type than with layer charge; the water-saturated interlayer separation varies more with cation type than the EGME-saturated interlayer separation. Because of the differences in surface adsorption and interlayer expansion for water and EGME, no general correspondence is found between the isotherms of water and EGME on exchanged clays, nor is a simple relation observed between the overall uptake of either vapor and the cation solvating power. The excess interlayer capacities of water and of EGME that result from lattice expansion of the exchanged clays are estimated by correcting for amounts of vapor adsorption on planar clay surfaces and of vapor condensation into intrinsic clay pores. The resulting data follow more closely the relative solvating powers of the exchanged cations.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450611","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., and Rutherford, D.W., 1997, Effects of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 45, no. 6, p. 867-880, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450611.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"867","endPage":"880","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e2e4b0c8380cd51476","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, Cary T. 0000-0002-8743-0702","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-0702","contributorId":189558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"Cary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, David W. dwruther@usgs.gov","contributorId":1325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"David","email":"dwruther@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019488,"text":"70019488 - 1997 - Postseismic strain following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from GPS and leveling measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T16:55:09.241719","indexId":"70019488","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postseismic strain following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from GPS and leveling measurements","docAbstract":"<p><span>Postseismic deformation in the 5 years following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake has been measured with the Global Positioning System and precise leveling. Postearthquake velocities at distances greater than ∼20 km from the coseismic rupture are not significantly different from those observed in the 20 years prior to the earthquake. However, velocities at stations within ∼20 km of the rupture exceed preearthquake rates and exhibit unanticipated contraction normal to the strike of the San Andreas fault system. A combination of forward modeling and nonlinear optimization suggests that the observed postseismic deformations were caused by aseismic oblique reverse slip averaging 2.9 cm/yr on the San Andreas fault and/or the Loma Prieta rupture zone and 2.4 cm/yr reverse slip along a buried fault within the Foothills thrust belt. The best fitting sources of postseismic deformation are all located at depths of less than 15 km. We find no evidence for accelerated flow or shear below the Loma Prieta rupture in the first 5 years following the earthquake. The inferred postseismic slip is likely to have been caused by the coseismic stress change updip of the 1989 rupture.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03171","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Burgmann, R., Segall, P., Lisowski, M., and Svarc, J., 1997, Postseismic strain following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from GPS and leveling measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B3, p. 4933-4955, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03171.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"4933","endPage":"4955","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479967,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03171","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226338,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e9ae4b0c8380cd7a63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burgmann, R.","contributorId":10167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segall, P.","contributorId":44231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Svarc, J.","contributorId":85731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019515,"text":"70019515 - 1997 - Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T13:55:44.331614","indexId":"70019515","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isostatic residual gravity anomalies in the southern Cascade Range of northern California and southern Oregon are spatially correlated with broad zones of Quaternary magmatism as reflected by the total volume of Quaternary volcanic products, the distribution of Quaternary vents, and the anomalously low teleseismic&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;wave velocities in the upper 30 km of crust. The orientation of Quaternary faults also appears to be related to gravity anomalies and volcanism in this area, trending generally north-south within the magmatic regions and northwest-southeast as they enter the neighboring amagmatic zones to the north and south. The relationship between gravity anomalies, vent density, and fault orientations may indicate in a broad sense the strength of the middle and upper crust. The southern Cascade Range occupies a transition zone where horizontal stress is transferred from the northwest-southeast dextral shear of the Walker Lane belt to the east-west extension characteristic of the Cascade arc in central Oregon. Faulting along north-south strikes in the volcanically active areas indicates the east-west extensional stresses in thermally weakened crust, whereas northwest faulting between the volcanically active areas reflects the northwest trending, right lateral shear strain of the Walker Lane belt. The segmentation of the arc reflected in Quaternary magmatism may be caused by differential extension behind crustal blocks of the forearc rotating clockwise with respect to North America. In this view the volcanic centers at Mount Shasta, Medicine Lake volcano, and Lassen Peak in northern California are situated along the southern parts of the trailing edges of two distinct segments of the forearc where additional extension is implied by their differential clockwise rotation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01516","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Blakely, R., Christiansen, R., Guffanti, M., Wells, R., Donnelly-Nolan, J., Muffler, L.P., Clynne, M., and Smith, J., 1997, Gravity anomalies, Quaternary vents, and Quaternary faults in the southern Cascade Range, Oregon and California: Implications for arc and backarc evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B10, p. 22513-22527, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01516.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"22513","endPage":"22527","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2a0de4b0c8380cd5ae56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muffler, L.J. Patrick","contributorId":72739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muffler","given":"L.J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Clynne, M.A.","contributorId":90722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70019462,"text":"70019462 - 1997 - Hillslope soil erosion estimated from aerosol concentrations, North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T12:09:45.918257","indexId":"70019462","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope soil erosion estimated from aerosol concentrations, North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Concentrations of aerosolic quartz and<sup>137</sup>Cs were used to estimate rates of hillslope soil erosion during 1990–1991 in the North Halawa Valley on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Fluvial transport of quartz was estimated to be 6.1 Mg in 1990 and 14.9 Mg in 1991. Fluvial transport of<sup>137</sup>Cs from North Halawa Valley was estimated to be 1.29 × 10<sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>pCi in 1991. Results were used with quartz contents,<sup>137</sup>Cs activities, and bulk densities of hillslope soils to compute rates of basinwide hillslope soil erosion ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. These rates are within the range of previous estimates of denudation computed for drainage basins on Oahu. The aerosol-concentration approach, therefore, is a useful method for assessing basinwide soil erosion.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(96)00053-0","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Hill, B.R., Fuller, C.C., and DeCarlo, E., 1997, Hillslope soil erosion estimated from aerosol concentrations, North Halawa Valley, Oahu, Hawaii: Geomorphology, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 67-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(96)00053-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a314fe4b0c8380cd5de04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, B. R.","contributorId":72833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCarlo, E.H.","contributorId":95212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCarlo","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019536,"text":"70019536 - 1997 - The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019536","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"A 2 X 2 factorial experiment of diet type (krill vs. fish meal) and steroid supplementation (0 vs. 30 ??g 17??-methyltestosterone kg-1) was conducted to determine the effects on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout. Triplicate tanks of 250 fry were fed one of the four diets at a rate calculated to produce 115 g fish in 34 weeks. Fish were transferred to larger tanks when mean density index reached 0.40. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height X 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.001) among fish fed krill-based diets than for fish fed fish-based diets at weeks 12, 22, and 34 of the trial. Added testosterone decreased (p = 0.04) DFI among fish fed the krill diet at week 12 but otherwise had no effect on fin condition. Addition of testosterone to either diet type decreased (P = 0.02) critical thermal maximum, which is a measure of fish resistance to thermal stress. The results suggest that diet composition can influence the rate of dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout through a metabolic, behavioral, or combined change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and Barrows, F., 1997, The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6"},{"id":228045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1fe4b08c986b322c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019463,"text":"70019463 - 1997 - Organic carbon and nitrogen content associated with colloids and suspended particulates from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:49:28","indexId":"70019463","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic carbon and nitrogen content associated with colloids and suspended particulates from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries","docAbstract":"Suspended material samples were collected at 16 sites along the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992, and separated into colloid and particulate fractions to determine the organic carbon content of these two fractions of suspended material. Sample collection involved centrifugation to isolate the suspended particulate fraction and ultrafiltration to isolate the colloid fraction. For the first time, particulate and colloid concentrations and organic carbon and nitrogen content were investigated along the entire reach of the Mississippi River from above Minneapolis, Minnesota, to below New Orleans, Louisiana. Organic carbon content of the colloid (15.2 percent) was much higher than organic carbon content of the particulate material (4.8 percent). Carbon/nitrogen ratios of colloid and particulate phases were more similar to ratios for microorganisms than to ratios for soils, humic materials, or plants.Suspended material samples were collected at 16 sites along the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries during July-August 1991, October-November 1991, and April-May 1992, and separated into colloid and particulate fractions to determine the organic carbon content of these two fractions of suspended material. Sample collection involved centrifugation to isolate the suspended particulate fraction and ultrafiltration to isolate the colloid fraction. For the first time, particulate and colloid concentrations and organic carbon and nitrogen content were investigated along the entire reach of the Mississippi River from above Minneapolis, Minnesota, to below New Orleans, Louisiana. Organic carbon content of the colloid (15.2 percent) was much higher than organic carbon content of the particulate material (4.8 percent). Carbon/nitrogen ratios of colloid and particulate phases were more similar to ratios for microorganisms than to ratios for soils, humic materials, or plants.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970196b","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Leenheer, J., and Daniel, S., 1997, Organic carbon and nitrogen content associated with colloids and suspended particulates from the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 11, p. 3218-3225, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970196b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3218","endPage":"3225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226840,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205796,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970196b"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6f8fe4b0c8380cd75b65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniel, S.R.","contributorId":28379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019641,"text":"70019641 - 1997 - Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019641","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"In the marine environment, stability of the glacier terminus and the location of subglacial streams are the dominant controls on the distribution of grounding-line deposits within morainal banks. A morainal bank complex in Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, SE Alaska, is used to develop a model of terminus stability and location of subglacial streams along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers. This model can be used to interpret former grounding-line conditions in other glacimarine settings from the facies architecture within morainal bank deposits. The Muir Inlet morainal bank complex was deposited between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D., and historical observations provide a record of terminus positions, glacial retreat rates and sedimentary sources. These data are used to reconstruct the depositional environment and to develop a correlation between sedimentary facies and conditions along the grounding line. Four seismic facies identified on the high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles are used to interpret sedimentary facies within the morainal bank complex. Terminus stability is interpreted from the distribution of sedimentary facies within three distinct submarine geomorphic features, a grounding-line fan; stratified ridges, and a field of push ridges. The grounding-line fan was deposited along a stable terminus and is represented on seismic-reflection profiles by two distinct seismic facies, a proximal and a distal fan facies. The proximal fan facies was deposited at the efflux of subglacial streams and indicates the location of former glacifluvial discharges into the sea. Stratified ridges formed as a result of the influence of a quasi-stable terminus on the distribution of sedimentary facies along the grounding line. A field of push ridges formed along the grounding line of an unstable terminus that completely reworked the grounding-line deposits through glacitectonic deformation. Between 1860 A.D. and 1899 A.D. (39 years), 8.96 x 108 m3 of sediment were deposited within the Muir Inlet morainal bank complex at an average annual sediment accumulation rate of 2.3 x 107 m3/a. This rate represents the annual sediment production capacity of the glacier when the Muir Inlet drainage basin is filled with glacial ice.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Seramur, K., Powell, R., and Carlson, P., 1997, Evaluation of conditions along the grounding line of temperate marine glaciers: An example from Muir Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 307-327, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1.","startPage":"307","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00026-1"},{"id":227716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c68e4b0c8380cd52b26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seramur, K.C.","contributorId":87558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seramur","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019539,"text":"70019539 - 1997 - Microbial reduction of iodate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:39:11","indexId":"70019539","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial reduction of iodate","docAbstract":"The different oxidation species of iodine have markedly different sorption properties. Hence, changes in iodine redox states can greatly affect the mobility of iodine in the environment. Although a major microbial role has been suggested in the past to account for these redox changes, little has been done to elucidate the responsible microorganisms or the mechanisms involved. In the work presented here, direct microbial reduction of iodate was demonstrated with anaerobic cell suspensions of the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans which reduced 96% of an initial 100 ??M iodate to iodide at pH 7 in 30 mM NaHCO3 buffer, whereas anaerobic cell suspensions of the dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens were unable to reduce iodate in 30 mM NaHCO3 buffer (pH 7). Both D. desulfuricans and S. putrefaciens were able to reduce iodate at pH 7 in 10 mM HEPES buffer. Both soluble ferrous iron and sulfide, as well as iron monosulfide (FeS) were shown to abiologically reduce iodate to iodide. These results indicate that ferric iron and/or sulfate reducing bacteria are capable of mediating both direct, enzymatic, as well as abiotic reduction of iodate in natural anaerobic environments. These microbially mediated reactions may be important factors in the fate and transport of 129I in natural systems.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer ","doi":"10.1023/A:1018370423790","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Councell, T., Landa, E.R., and Lovley, D.R., 1997, Microbial reduction of iodate: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 100, no. 1-2, p. 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018370423790.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"106","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267628,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018370423790"},{"id":228082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"100","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a565be4b0c8380cd6d52b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Councell, T.B.","contributorId":44187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Councell","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019465,"text":"70019465 - 1997 - Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T10:30:08","indexId":"70019465","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The analyses of both O and N isotopic compositions of nitrate have many potential applications in studies of nitrate sources and reactions in hydrology, oceanography, and atmospheric chemistry, but simple and precise methods for these analyses have yet to be developed. Testing of a new method involving reaction of potassium nitrate with catalyzed graphite (C + Pd + Au) at 520 °C resulted in quantitative recovery of N and O from nitrate as free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of nitrate reference materials were obtained by analyzing both the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span> from catalyzed graphite combustion. Provisional values of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span> for the internationally distributed KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> reference materials IAEA-N3 and USGS-32 were both equal to +22.7 ± 0.5‰. Because the fraction of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and the isotopic fractionation factor between CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span> were constant in the combustion products, the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O value of KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> could be calculated from measurements of the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Thus, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>KNO</sub><sub>3</sub><span> = </span><i>a</i><span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>free</sub><sub> </sub><sub>CO</sub><sub>2</sub><span> − </span><i>b</i><span>, where </span><i>a</i><span> and </span><i>b</i><span> were equal to 0.9967 and 3.3, respectively, for the specific conditions of the experiments. The catalyzed graphite combustion method can be used to determine δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> from measurements of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> with reproducibility on the order of ±0.2‰ or better if local reference materials are prepared and analyzed with the samples. Reproducibility of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N was ±0.1‰ after trace amounts of CO were removed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac9610523","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Böhlke, J., and Yoshinari, T., 1997, Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 21, p. 4375-4380, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9610523.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4375","endPage":"4380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff86e4b0c8380cd4f235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoshinari, T.","contributorId":56391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinari","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019649,"text":"70019649 - 1997 - Historical trends in organochlorine compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T12:45:31","indexId":"70019649","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends in organochlorine compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs","docAbstract":"This study used chemical analyses of dated sediment cores from reservoirs to define historical trends in water quality in the influent river basins. This work applies techniques from paleolimnology to reservoirs, and in the process, highlights differences between sediment-core interpretations for reservoirs and natural lakes. Sediment cores were collected from six reservoirs in the central and southeastern United States, sectioned, and analyzed for 137Cs and organochlorine compounds. 137Cs analyses were used to demonstrate limited post-depositional mixing, to indicate sediment deposition dates, and to estimate sediment focusing factors. Relative lack of mixing, high sedimentation rates, and high focusing factors distinguish reservoir sediment cores from cores collected in natural lakes. Temporal trends in concentrations of PCBs, total DDT (DDT + DDD + DDE), and chlordane reflect historical use and regulation of these compounds and differences in land use between reservoir drainages. PCB and total DDT core burdens, normalized for sediment focusing, greatly exceed reported cumulative regional atmospheric fallout of PCBs and total DDT estimated using cores from peat hogs and natural lakes, indicating the dominance of fluvial inputs of both groups of compounds to the reservoirs.This study used chemical analyses of dated sediment cores from reservoirs to define historical trends in water quality in the influent river basins. This work applies techniques from paleolimnology to reservoirs, and in the process, highlights differences between sediment-core interpretations for reservoirs and natural lakes. Sediment cores were collected from six reservoirs in the central and southeastern United States, sectioned, and analyzed for 137Cs and organochlorine compounds. 137Cs analyses were used to demonstrate limited post-depositional mixing, to indicate sediment deposition dates, and to estimate sediment focusing factors. Relative lack of mixing, high sedimentation rates, and high focusing factors distinguish reservoir sediment cores from cores collected in natural lakes. Temporal trends in concentrations of PCBs, total DOT (DDT+DDD+DDE), and chlordane reflect historical use and regulation of these compounds and differences in land use between reservoir drainages. PCB and total DDT core burdens, normalized for sediment focusing, greatly exceed reported cumulative regional atmospheric fallout of PCBs and total DDT estimated using cores from peat bogs and natural lakes, indicating the dominance of fluvial inputs of both groups of compounds to the reservoirs.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960943p","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C., 1997, Historical trends in organochlorine compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 8, p. 2339-2344, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960943p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2339","endPage":"2344","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31a8e4b0c8380cd5e0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019540,"text":"70019540 - 1997 - Factors controlling sulfur concentrations in volcanic apatite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019540","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors controlling sulfur concentrations in volcanic apatite","docAbstract":"Apatite crystals from two types of samples were analyzed by electron microprobe for 15 major and trace elements: (1) apatite in H2O- and S-saturated experimental charges of the 1982 El Chicho??n trachyandesite and (2) apatite in volcanic rocks erupted from 20 volcanoes. The SO3 contents of the experimental apatite increase with increasing oxygen fugacity (fo2), from ???0.04 wt% in reduced charges buffered by fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ), to 1.0-2.6 wt% in oxidized charges buffered by manganosite-hausmanite (MNH) or magnetite-hematite (MTH). The SO3 contents of MNH- and MTH-buffered apatite also generally increase with increasing pressure from 2 to 4 kbar and decreasing temperature from 950 to 800??C. The partition coefficient for SO3 between apatite and oxidized melt increases with decreasing temperature but appears to be independent of pressure. Apatites in volcanic rocks show a wide range of SO3 contents (<0.04 to 0.63 wt%). Our sample set includes one group known to contain primary anhydrite and a second group inferred to have been free of primary anhydrite. No systematic differences in apatite S contents are observed between these two groups. Our study was initiated to define the factors controlling S contents in apatite and to evaluate the hypothesis that high S contents in apatite could be characteristic of S-rich anhydrite-bearing magmas such as those erupted from El Chicho??n in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991. This hypothesis is shown to be invalid, probably chiefly a consequence of the slow intra-crystaline diffusion that limits re-equilibration between early formed apatite and the evolving silicate melt. Contributing factors include early crystallization of most apatite over a relatively small temperature interval, common late-stage magmatic enrichment of S, progressive oxidation during magmatic evolution, and strong controls on S contents in apatite exerted fo2, temperature, and pressure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Peng, G., Luhr, J., and McGee, J.J., 1997, Factors controlling sulfur concentrations in volcanic apatite: American Mineralogist, v. 82, no. 11-12, p. 1210-1224.","startPage":"1210","endPage":"1224","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"11-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ebce4b0c8380cd535cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, G.","contributorId":44307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luhr, J.F.","contributorId":10547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhr","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, J. J.","contributorId":92271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019542,"text":"70019542 - 1997 - Characterization of a linear DNA plasmid from the filamentous fungal plant pathogen <i>Glomerella musae</i> [Anamorph: <i>Colletotrichum musae</i> (Berk. and Curt.) arx.]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-26T11:07:04","indexId":"70019542","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1354,"text":"Current Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of a linear DNA plasmid from the filamentous fungal plant pathogen <i>Glomerella musae</i> [Anamorph: <i>Colletotrichum musae</i> (Berk. and Curt.) arx.]","docAbstract":"A 7.4-kilobase (kb) DNA plasmid was isolated from Glomerella musae isolate 927 and designated pGML1. Exonuclease treatments indicated that pGML1 was a linear plasmid with blocked 5' termini. Cell-fractionation experiments combined with sequence-specific PCR amplification revealed that pGML1 resided in mitochondria. The pGML1 plasmid hybridized to cesium chloride-fractionated nuclear DNA but not to A + T-rich mitochondrial DNA. An internal 7.0-kb section of pGML1 was cloned and did not hybridize with either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA from G. musae. Sequence analysis revealed identical terminal inverted repeats (TIR) of 520 bp at the ends of the cloned 7.0-kb section of pGML1. The occurrence of pGML1 did not correspond with the pathogenicity of G. musae on banana fruit. Four additional isolates of G. musae possessed extrachromosomal DNA fragments similar in size and sequence to pGML1.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s002940050260","issn":"01728083","usgsCitation":"Freeman, S., Redman, R.S., Grantham, G., and Rodriguez, R.J., 1997, Characterization of a linear DNA plasmid from the filamentous fungal plant pathogen <i>Glomerella musae</i> [Anamorph: <i>Colletotrichum musae</i> (Berk. and Curt.) arx.]: Current Genetics, v. 32, no. 2, p. 152-156, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002940050260.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"152","endPage":"156","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":506115,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s002940050260","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206056,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050260"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4bfe4b0c8380cd4beae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, S.","contributorId":78492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redman, R. S.","contributorId":26094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grantham, G.","contributorId":81648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantham","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodriguez, R. J.","contributorId":53107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019553,"text":"70019553 - 1997 - Reevaluation of vesicle distributions in basaltic lava flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T01:06:09.435743","indexId":"70019553","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reevaluation of vesicle distributions in basaltic lava flows","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15577754\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>A fundamental dichotomy in the study of basaltic lava flows is that observations of active flows are restricted to flow surfaces, yet older flows are often exposed only in vertical cross section. Cross-sectional exposures of an inflated basaltic sheet flow emplaced in Kalapana, Hawaii, from 1990 to 1991 provide an unusual opportunity to merge these two viewpoints, permitting the development of the internal structure of the flow to be viewed in the context of its known emplacement history. We demonstrate that fundamental features of the flow structure—a thick upper vesicular crust that diminishes downward in overall vesicularity, a dense flow interior, and a thin lower vesicular zone—are generated through syn-emplacement cooling of upper and lower flow crusts. Both the inverse correlation of overall vesicularity and vesicle size and the constant relative thickness of the upper vesicular zone are unique to inflated flows and permit a reinterpretation of flows previously interpreted to be ponded (rapidly emplaced). Identification of inflation, in turn, implies near-horizontal paleoslopes and permits estimates of flow duration based on upper flow crust thickness.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0419:ROVDIB>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cashman, K.V., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1997, Reevaluation of vesicle distributions in basaltic lava flows: Geology, v. 25, no. 5, p. 419-422, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0419:ROVDIB>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"422","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228317,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a423e4b0e8fec6cdba65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019556,"text":"70019556 - 1997 - Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-09T23:16:19.083621","indexId":"70019556","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on Galileo has monitored the volcanic activity on Io since June 28, 1996. This paper presents preliminary analysis of NIMS thermal data for the first four orbits of the Galileo mission. NIMS has detected 18 new hot spots and 12 others which were previously known to be active. The distribution of the hot spots on Io's surface may not be random, as hot spots surround the two bright, SO<sub>2</sub>-rich regions of Bosphorus Regio and Colchis Regio. Most hot spots seem to be persistently active from orbit to orbit and 10 of those detected were active in 1979 during the Voyager encounters. We report the distribution of hot spot temperatures and find that they are consistent with silicate volcanism.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL02662","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Lopes-Gautier, R., Davies, A.G., Carlson, R., Smythe, W., Kamp, L., Soderblom, L., Leader, F., and Mehlman, R., 1997, Hot spots on Io: Initial results from Galileo's near infrared mapping spectrometer: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 20, p. 2439-2442, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL02662.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2439","endPage":"2442","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl02662","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3239e4b0c8380cd5e60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes-Gautier, R.","contributorId":13763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes-Gautier","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, A. G.","contributorId":72538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"A.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, R.","contributorId":30773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smythe, W.","contributorId":9412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smythe","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamp, L.","contributorId":32312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soderblom, L.","contributorId":106244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderblom","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Leader, F.E.","contributorId":94048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leader","given":"F.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mehlman, R.","contributorId":88499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70019469,"text":"70019469 - 1997 - Evaluation of process errors in bed load sampling using a Dune Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:33:36","indexId":"70019469","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of process errors in bed load sampling using a Dune Model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reliable estimates of the streamwide bed load discharge obtained using sampling devices are dependent upon good at-a-point knowledge across the full width of the channel. Using field data and information derived from a model that describes the geometric features of a dune train in terms of a spatial process observed at a fixed point in time, we show that sampling errors decrease as the number of samples collected increases, and the number of traverses of the channel over which the samples are collected increases. It also is preferable that bed load sampling be conducted at a pace which allows a number of bed forms to pass through the sampling cross section. The situations we analyze and simulate pertain to moderate transport conditions in small rivers. In such circumstances, bed load sampling schemes typically should involve four or five traverses of a river, and the collection of 20–40 samples at a rate of five or six samples per hour. By ensuring that spatial and temporal variability in the transport process is accounted for, such a sampling design reduces both random and systematic errors and hence minimizes the total error involved in the sampling process.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR01711","usgsCitation":"Gomez, B., and Troutman, B.M., 1997, Evaluation of process errors in bed load sampling using a Dune Model: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2387-2398, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR01711.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2387","endPage":"2398","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr01711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb0e4b0c8380cd52c64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomez, Basil","contributorId":65475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomez","given":"Basil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019597,"text":"70019597 - 1997 - Boron contents and isotopic compositions of hog manure, selected fertilizers, and water in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:30:50","indexId":"70019597","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Boron contents and isotopic compositions of hog manure, selected fertilizers, and water in Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Boron-isotope (&delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B) values may be useful as surrogate tracers of contaminants and indicators of water mixing in agricultural settings. This paper characterizes the B contents and isotopic compositions of hog manure and selected fertilizers, and presents &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B data for ground and surface water from two agricultural areas. Boron concentrations in dry hog manure averaged 61 mg/kg and in commercial fertilizers ranged from below detection limits in some brands of ammonium nitrate and urea to 382 mg/kg in magnesium sulfate. Values of &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B of untreated hog manure ranged from 7.2 to 11.2o/oo and of N fertilizers were &minus;2.0 to 0.7o/oo. In 22 groundwater samples from a sand-plain aquifer in east-central Minnesota, B concentrations averaged 0.04 mg/L and &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values ranged from 2.3 to 41.5o/oo. Groundwater beneath a hog feedlot and a cultivated field where hog manure was applied had B-isotope compositions consistent with the water containing hog-manure leachate. In a 775-km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;watershed with silty-loam soils in southcentral Minnesota: 18 samples of subsurface drainage from corn (</span><i>Zea mays</i><span>&nbsp;L.) and soybean (</span><i>Glycine max</i><span>&nbsp;L. Merr.) fields had average B concentrations of 0.06 mg/L and &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values of 5.3 to 15.1o/oo; 27 stream samples had average B concentrations of 0.05 mg/L and &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values of 1.0 to 19.0o/oo; and eight groundwater samples had average B concentrations of 0.09 mg/L and &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B values of &minus;0.3 to 23.0o/oo. Values of &delta;</span><sup>11</sup><span>B and B concentrations, when plotted against one another, define a curved mixing trend that suggests subsurface drainage and stream water contain mixtures of B from shallow and deep groundwater.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Agronomy Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","doi":"10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050004x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Komor, S., 1997, Boron contents and isotopic compositions of hog manure, selected fertilizers, and water in Minnesota: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 26, no. 5, p. 1212-1222, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050004x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1212","endPage":"1222","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227674,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f220e4b0c8380cd4b008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Komor, S.C.","contributorId":21182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Komor","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019598,"text":"70019598 - 1997 - Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019598","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The 234U/238U alpha activity ratio (AR) was determined in 47 samples of variably uraniferous groundwater from the vicinity of a uranium mill near Canon City, Colorado. The results illustrate that uranium isotopes can be used to determine the distribution of uranium contamination in groundwater and to indicate processes such as mixing and chemical precipitation that affect uranium concentrations. Highly to moderately contaminated groundwater samples collected from the mill site and land immediately downgradient from the mill site contain more than 100 ??g/l of dissolved uranium and typically have AR values in the narrow range of 1.0-1.06. Other samples from the shallow alluvial aquifer farther downgradient from the mill contain 10-100 ??g/1 uranium and plot along a broad trend of increasing AR (1.06-1.46) with decreasing uranium concentration. The results are consistent with mixing of liquid mill waste (AR ??? 1.0) with alluvial groundwater of small, but variable, uranium concentrations and AR of 1.31.5. In the alluvial aquifer, the spatial distribution of wells with AR values less than 1.3 is consistent with previous estimates of the probable distribution of contamination, based on water chemistry and hydrology. Wells more distant from the area of probable contamination have AR values that are consistently greater than 1.3 and are indicative of little or no contamination. The methodology of this study can be extended usefully to similar sites of uranium mining, milling, or processing provided that local geohydrologic settings promote uranium mobility and that introduced uranium contamination is isotopically distinct from that of local groundwater.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002540050201","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Chafin, D.T., Banta, E.R., and Szabo, B.J., 1997, Use of 234U and 238U isotopes to evaluate contamination of near-surface groundwater with uranium-mill effluent: A case study in south-central Colorado, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology, v. 32, no. 2, p. 124-136, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050201.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205963,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050201"},{"id":227675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe55e4b08c986b32952c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chafin, D. T.","contributorId":57893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180253,"text":"70180253 - 1997 -  Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T12:17:25","indexId":"70180253","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":" Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Miller, A.I., Counihan, T., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1997,  Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam, and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f9810","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019878,"text":"70019878 - 1997 - Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:35:43","indexId":"70019878","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radial growth and concentrations of selected elements within rings were studied in white pine (</span><i>Pinus strobus</i><span>) trees from a wetland in central New York approximately 5 km north of a salt-solution mining field that operated from 1889 to 1988. Trees seemingly document three sequential episodes of mine-induced alterations of groundwater discharge irrigating the wetland during the 100-year period. The radial growth of trees established before the onset of mining declined abruptly in the early 1890s and remained suppressed until about 1960, as did growth of numerous other trees that became established after the onset of mining. Suppressed pre-1960 radial growth coincided with the interval that surface water was injected into the saltbeds, suggesting that losses of injected water to the bedrock and/or unconsolidated deposits increased groundwater flow into the wetland. An abrupt and sustained enhancement of radial growth beginning about 1960 indicates that the wetland became drier, and thus more conducive to tree growth, when injection practices were discontinued in the late 1950s despite the continued pumping of brine. Following the cessation of mining in the late 1980s, head pressures again increased in the upper valley, driving chloride-enriched flow northward along regional bedding-plane fractures and into the wetland. Large concentrations of chloride were detected within the most recently formed rings of some trees. As the result of chloride-enriched irrigation, the radial growth of some trees declined, and some trees died. Thus trees have preserved evidence of a century of hydrologic alterations, unobtainable by other means, where the effects of brine mining have not been documented previously.</span><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"true\"><strong></strong></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR03688","usgsCitation":"Yanosky, T.M., and Kappel, W.M., 1997, Effects of solution mining of salt on wetland hydrology as inferred from tree rings: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 3, p. 457-470, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03688.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"470","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07d2e4b0c8380cd5185e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanosky, Thomas M.","contributorId":40589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yanosky","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019599,"text":"70019599 - 1997 - Injury due to leg bands in willow flycatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019599","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Injury due to leg bands in willow flycatchers","docAbstract":"We report an apparently unusually high incidence of leg injury in Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) as a result of banding and color banding. Color bands and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) bands applied to Willow Flycatchers from 1988-1995 resulted in an overall leg injury rate of 9.6% to birds returning to our study areas in subsequent years. Most injuries occurred on legs with only color band(s) (58.3%) or on legs with both a USFWS band and a color band (35%); only 6.7% of injuries (4/60) were due to USFWS bands alone, yielding an overall USFWS band injury rate of only 0.6%. Injuries ranged from severe (swollen, bleeding legs; a missing foot) to relatively minor (irritations on the tarsus). Amputation of the foot occurred in 33.9% of the cases. Return rates of adult injured birds in the year(s) following injury were significantly lower than for the population at large.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Sedgwick, J., and Klus, R., 1997, Injury due to leg bands in willow flycatchers: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 622-629.","startPage":"622","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bf6e4b0c8380cd62968","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sedgwick, J.A.","contributorId":25508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedgwick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klus, R.J.","contributorId":92445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klus","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019877,"text":"70019877 - 1997 - Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T00:45:43.836961","indexId":"70019877","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>Four channel-filling coal beds from the lower part of the Breathitt Formation (lower Middle Pennsylvanian, late Westphalian A) were examined palynologically, petrographically and geochemically to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions under which these peats accumulated. These results were then compared with detailed sedimentological analyses of the strata overlying the coal in the channels to see if any genetic relationship between coal composition and the origin of the overburden could be drawn.</p><p>All four of the coal beds used in this study are located in the western-most part of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field and occur at, or near, the Early Pennsylvanian unconformity (0–30 m).<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lycospora</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Densosporites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(and related crassicingulate taxa, e.g.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cristatisporites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cingulizonates</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Radiizonates</i>) dominate the studied assemblages, with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Granulatisporites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(and related trilete, sphaerotriangular genera, e.g.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Leiotriletes</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lophotriletes</i>),<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Laevigatosporites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Schulzospora</i><span>&nbsp;</span>being common accessory genera. Petrographically, all four coals contain high percentages of vitrinite macerals (avg. 78.6% mineral matter free), moderate amounts of liptinite (or exinite) macerals (avg. 14.9%, mmf) and low percentages of inertinite macerals (avg. 6.5%, mmf).</p><p>Strata above the coals consist of dark, carbonaceous shales, and heterolithic strata that exhibit varying degrees of bioturbation. Commonly occurring trace fossils include<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Arenicolites</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Monocraterion</i>,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Planolites</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Skolithos</i>. Although marine-influenced strata, as determined from detailed sedimentology and ichnology (the study of trace fossils), covers all four coal beds, they are not uniformly high in total total sulfur content as might be expected. Rather they are extremely variable, ranging from 1–9% (dry basis) total sulfur. Ash yields are also variable ranging from 6.2–54.3% (dry basis). It is probable that the origin of the very first sediments covering the peat, as well as the amount of brackish water influence during peat accumulation, were important factors in determining the total sulfur content of the resultant coal. Initial sedimentation of fresh water clays and silts may have acted as a barrier to downward percolation/diffusion of sulfate bearing waters, or may have served as a site for sulfide formation, thereby keeping the total sulfur content of the underlying coal low. If initial sedimentation was of brackish or marine origin, as indicated by bioturbated laminae directly above the coal, or if the peat was subject to frequent brackish or marine water influence during accumulation, then sulfide generation might proceed unchecked, resulting in high sulfur coal.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00048-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Eble, C., and Greb, S., 1997, Channel-fill coal beds along the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 183-207, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00048-1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228259,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f45de4b0c8380cd4bcb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greb, S.F.","contributorId":48294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greb","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019471,"text":"70019471 - 1997 - Southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array: Continuous measurements of regional crustal deformation between the 1992 Landers and 1994 Northridge earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:52:36.561876","indexId":"70019471","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array: Continuous measurements of regional crustal deformation between the 1992 Landers and 1994 Northridge earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array (PGGA) was established in 1990 across the Pacific-North America plate boundary to continuously monitor crustal deformation. We describe the development of the array and the time series of daily positions estimated for its first 10 sites in the 19-month period between the June 28, 1992 (</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>=7.3), Landers and January 17, 1994 (</span><i>M</i><sub><i>w</i></sub><span>=6.7), Northridge earthquakes. We compare displacement rates at four site locations with those reported by&nbsp;</span><i>Feigl et al.</i><span>&nbsp;[1993], which were derived from an independent set of Global Positioning System (GPS) and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) measurements collected over nearly a decade prior to the Landers earthquake. The velocity differences for three sites 65–100 km from the earthquake's epicenter are of order of 3–5 mm/yr and are systematically coupled with the corresponding directions of coseismic displacement. The fourth site, 300 km from the epicenter, shows no significant velocity difference. These observations suggest large-scale postseismic deformation with a relaxation time of at least 800 days. The statistical significance of our observations is complicated by our incomplete knowledge of the noise properties of the two data sets; two possible noise models fit the PGGA data equally well as described in the companion paper by&nbsp;</span><i>Zhang et al</i><span>. [this issue]; the pre-Landers data are too sparse and heterogeneous to derive a reliable noise model. Under a fractal white noise model for the PGGA data we find that the velocity differences for all three sites are statistically different at the 99% significance level. A white noise plus flicker noise model results in significance levels of only 94%, 43%, and 88%. Additional investigations of the pre-Landers data, and analysis of longer spans of PGGA data, could have an important effect on the significance of these results and will be addressed in future work.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01379","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bock, Y., Wdowinski, S., Fang, P., Zhang, J., Williams, S., Johnson, H., Behr, J., Genrich, J., Dean, J., Van Domselaar, M., Agnew, D., Wyatt, F., Stark, K., Oral, B., Hudnut, K., King, R., Herring, T., Dinardo, S., Young, W., Jackson, D., and Gurtner, W., 1997, Southern California Permanent GPS Geodetic Array: Continuous measurements of regional crustal deformation between the 1992 Landers and 1994 Northridge earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B8, p. 18013-18033, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01379.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"18013","endPage":"18033","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226883,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93e0e4b08c986b31a723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bock, Y.","contributorId":94051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wdowinski, S.","contributorId":20481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wdowinski","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fang, P.","contributorId":66865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fang","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhang, Jiahua","contributorId":35479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiahua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, S.","contributorId":18514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, H.","contributorId":61163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Behr, J.","contributorId":18917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behr","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Genrich, J.","contributorId":87706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genrich","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dean, J.","contributorId":26086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van Domselaar, M.","contributorId":94447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Domselaar","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Agnew, D.","contributorId":72539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wyatt, F.","contributorId":68047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyatt","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Stark, K.","contributorId":92000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Oral, B.","contributorId":80435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oral","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Hudnut, K.","contributorId":92439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"King, R.","contributorId":18827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Herring, T.","contributorId":83288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Dinardo, S.","contributorId":49532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinardo","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Young, W.","contributorId":33859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Jackson, D.","contributorId":104646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Gurtner, W.","contributorId":103015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurtner","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}}
,{"id":70019600,"text":"70019600 - 1997 - Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70019600","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah","docAbstract":"Excellent three-dimensional exposures of the Upper Jurassic Salt Wash Sandstone Member of the Morrison Formation in the Henry Mountains area of southern Utah allow measurement of the thickness and width of fluvial sandstone and shale bodies from extensive photomosaics. The Salt Wash Sandstone Member is composed of fluvial channel fill, abandoned channel fill, and overbank/flood-plain strata that were deposited on a broad alluvial plain of low-sinuosity, sandy, braided streams flowing northeast. A hierarchy of sandstone and shale bodies in the Salt Wash Sandstone Member includes, in ascending order, trough cross-bedding, fining-upward units/mudstone intraclast conglomerates, singlestory sandstone bodies/basal conglomerate, abandoned channel fill, multistory sandstone bodies, and overbank/flood-plain heterolithic strata. Trough cross-beds have an average width:thickness ratio (W:T) of 8.5:1 in the lower interval of the Salt Wash Sandstone Member and 10.4:1 in the upper interval. Fining-upward units are 0.5-3.0 m thick and 3-11 m wide. Single-story sandstone bodies in the upper interval are wider and thicker than their counterparts in the lower interval, based on average W:T, linear regression analysis, and cumulative relative frequency graphs. Multistory sandstone bodies are composed of two to eight stories, range up to 30 m thick and over 1500 m wide (W:T > 50:1), and are also larger in the upper interval. Heterolithic units between sandstone bodies include abandoned channel fill (W:T = 33:1) and overbank/flood-plain deposits (W:T = 70:1). Understanding W:T ratios from the component parts of an ancient, sandy, braided stream deposit can be applied in several ways to similar strata in other basins; for example, to (1) determine the width of a unit when only the thickness is known, (2) create correlation guidelines and maximum correlation lengths, (3) aid in interpreting the controls on fluvial architecture, and (4) place additional constraints on input variables to stratigraphie and fluid-flow modeling. The usefulness of these types of data demonstrates the need to develop more data sets from other depositional environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01491423","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J.W., and McCabea, P., 1997, Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt wash sandstone member (Morrison formation), Garfield County, Utah: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 81, no. 8, p. 1267-1291.","startPage":"1267","endPage":"1291","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86aee4b08c986b31608a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J. W.","contributorId":54179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabea, P.J.","contributorId":55589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabea","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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