We captured 575 Xantus' Murrelets (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) with spotlights and dip nets at 3 islands in the Southern California Channel Islands during April and May of 1995-1997. Working at night (2100-0500 h), 3-person teams in inflatable boats located murrelets with a spotlight and captured them in dip nets from the waters near known breeding colonies at Santa Barbara, Anacapa, and San Clemente Islands. Our average capture rate was 4.7 murrelets hr-1, but we captured up to 12.3 murrelets hr-1. We recaptured 34 murrelets or 6% of the capture total. We recommend this simple, inexpensive, safe and effective night-lighting capture technique for Xantus' Murrelets and other seabirds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521603","issn":"07386028","usgsCitation":"Whitworth, D.L., Takekawa, J.Y., Carter, H., and McIver, W., 1997, A night-lighting technique for at-sea capture of Xantus' Murrelets: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 20, no. 3, p. 525-531, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521603.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"531","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226520,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4bce4b0c8380cd468b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitworth, Darrell L.","contributorId":87338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitworth","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":79546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry R.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McIver, W.R.","contributorId":21907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIver","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019921,"text":"70019921 - 1997 - Fluvial-deltaic sedimentation and stratigraphy of the ferron sandstone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:03:23.269138","indexId":"70019921","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluvial-deltaic sedimentation and stratigraphy of the ferron sandstone","docAbstract":"East-central Utah has world-class outcrops of dominantly fluvial-deltaic Turonian to Coniacian aged strata deposited in the Cretaceous foreland basin. The Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale records the influences of both tidal and wave energy on fluvial-dominated deltas on the western margin of the Cretaceous western interior seaway. Revisions of the stratigraphy are proposed for the Ferron Sandstone. Facies representing a variety of environments of deposition are well exposed, including delta-front, strandline, marginal marine, and coastal-plain. Some of these facies are described in detail for use in petroleum reservoir characterization and include permeability structure.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Anderson, P., Chidsey, T., and Ryer, T., 1997, Fluvial-deltaic sedimentation and stratigraphy of the ferron sandstone: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 2, p. 135-154.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12a6e4b0c8380cd543ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, P.B.","contributorId":103020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chidsey, T.C. Jr.","contributorId":26830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chidsey","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryer, Thomas A.","contributorId":46091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryer","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020085,"text":"70020085 - 1997 - Invading species in the Eel River, California: Successes, failures, and relationships with resident species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:16:58","indexId":"70020085","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invading species in the Eel River, California: Successes, failures, and relationships with resident species","docAbstract":"We examined invasions of non-native fishes into the Eel River, California. At least 16 species of fish have been introduced into the drainage which originally supported 12-14 fish species. Our study was prompted by the unauthorized introduction in 1979 of Sacramento squawfish, Ptychocheilus grandis, a large predatory cyprinid. From 1986 to 1990, we conducted growth and diet studies of squaw fish, conducted intensive surveys of the distribution and habitat associations of both native and introduced species, and examined the nature of species-habitat and interspecies relationships. We found no evidence for increased growth or expanded feeding habits, compared to native populations, of Sacramento squawfish as they invaded the Eel River drainage. Ten of the introduced species were well established, with four species limited to a reservoir and six species established in streams. The success or failure of introductions of stream species appeared to be a function of the ability of a species to survive the fluctuating, highly seasonal, flow regime. The present mixture of native and exotic species has not formed stable fish assemblages but it seems likely that four habitat-associated assemblages will develop. The overall effect of the successful species introductions has been to assemble a group of species, with some exceptions, that are native to and occur together in many California streams. The assemblages now forming are similar to those found in other California streams. The assemblage characterized by squawfish and suckers is likely to be resistant to invasion, in the absence of human caused habitat modifications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007381027518","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Brown, L., and Moyle, P., 1997, Invading species in the Eel River, California: Successes, failures, and relationships with resident species: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 49, no. 3, p. 271-291, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007381027518.","startPage":"271","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007381027518"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e1ae4b0c8380cd63adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyle, P.B.","contributorId":85734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyle","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019464,"text":"70019464 - 1997 - Predicting travel time and dispersion in rivers and streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:33:57.409776","indexId":"70019464","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting travel time and dispersion in rivers and streams","docAbstract":"The possibility of a contaminant being accidentally or intentionally spilled in a river is a constant concern to those using the water. Methods are developed to estimate: (1) the velocity of a contaminant in a river; (2) the rate of attenuation of the peak concentration of a conservative contaminant; and (3) the time required for a contaminant plume to pass a point. The methods are based on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in almost a hundred different rivers representing a wide range of sizes, slopes, and geomorphic types. Although the accuracy of the predictions can be greatly increased by performing time-of-travel studies, the emphasis of this paper is on providing methods for making estimates where few data are available. It is shown that the unit-peak concentration is well correlated with travel time and that the travel time of the leading edge averages 89% of the travel time of the peak concentration.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:11(971)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H., 1997, Predicting travel time and dispersion in rivers and streams: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 123, no. 11, p. 971-978, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:11(971).","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"971","endPage":"978","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226841,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81dce4b0c8380cd7b795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, H.E.","contributorId":44952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"H.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020072,"text":"70020072 - 1997 - Geotechnical properties of debris-flow sediments and slurries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-18T22:06:37.906557","indexId":"70020072","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geotechnical properties of debris-flow sediments and slurries","docAbstract":"Measurements of geotechnical properties of various poorly sorted debris-flow sediments and slurries (??? 32 mm diameter) emphasize their granular nature, and reveal that properties of slurries can differ significantly from those of compacted sediments. Measurements show that: (1) cohesion probably offers little resistance to shear in most debris flows under low confining stresses normally found in nature; (2) intrinsic hydraulic permeabilities of compacted debris-flow sediments vary from about 10-14-10-9 m2; permeabilities of 'typical' debris-flow slurries fall toward the low end of the range; (3) debris-flow slurries are characterized by very large values of 'elastic' compressibility (C approx. 10-2 kPa-1); and (4) hydraulic diffusivities of quasistatically consolidating slurries are approx. 10-4-10-7 m2/s. Low hydraulic diffusivity of debris slurries permits excess fluid pressure and low effective strength to persist during sediment transport and deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1st International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"August 7-9, 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Major, J., Iverson, R., McTigue, D., Macias, S., and Fiedorowicz, B., 1997, Geotechnical properties of debris-flow sediments and slurries, in 1st International conference on debris-flow hazards mitigation: Mechanics, prediction, and assessment, proceedings, San Francisco, CA, August 7-9, 1997, p. 249-259.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"259","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28c3e4b0c8380cd5a3b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, J. J. 0000-0003-2449-4466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":29461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"J. J.","affiliations":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McTigue, D.F.","contributorId":57605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McTigue","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Macias, S.","contributorId":24942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macias","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fiedorowicz, B.K.","contributorId":9414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiedorowicz","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019460,"text":"70019460 - 1997 - Duration and structure of the past four interglaciations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:25:25","indexId":"70019460","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duration and structure of the past four interglaciations","docAbstract":"Reanalysis and additional dating of the Devils Hole ??18O paleotemperature record confirm that the last interglaciation in the Great Basin (the continental analog of marine isotopic substage 5e) lasted ???22,000 yr, consistent with the Vostok paleotemperature record which suggests a duration of ???19,000 yr for this event in Antarctica. The three preceding interglaciations in the Devils Hole record (analogs of marine isotopic substages 7e, 9c, and 11c) range from 20,000 to 26,000 yr in duration. A ???20,000-yr duration for the last interglaciation is consistent with TIMS uranium-series dated sea-level high stands. Thus, the widely held view that interglaciations were of 11,000-to 13,000-yr duration and constituted only about 10% of mid-to-late Pleistocene climatic cycles needs reexamination. The warmest portion of each interglaciation in the Devils Hole time series is marked by a ??18O plateau, signifying apparent climatic stability for periods of 10,000-to 15,000-yr duration. ?? 1997 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1997.1918","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I., Landwehr, J., Ludwig, K., Coplen, T., and Riggs, A., 1997, Duration and structure of the past four interglaciations: Quaternary Research, v. 48, no. 2, p. 141-154, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1918.","startPage":"141","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266460,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1918"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0419e4b0c8380cd507a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, I.J.","contributorId":10408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"I.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, K.R.","contributorId":97112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Riggs, A.C.","contributorId":41462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019266,"text":"70019266 - 1997 - Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T22:26:04.853454","indexId":"70019266","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada","docAbstract":"The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of the beds are thin (< 5 cm), but one bed (the Smith Brook K-bentonite bed) in the late Llandoverian crenulata Zone and another (the McAdam Brook K-bentonite bed) in the early Ludlovian nilssoni Zone each reach a thickness of 20 cm. New graptolite collections provide critical information on the biostratigraphic position of the K-bentonite beds in the Ross Brook Formation. Geochemical data show that the Arisaig ash beds represent calc-alkaline magmas from plate margin, subduction-related volcanic vents. Differences in K-bentonite stratigraphic distribution, combined with paleogeographic considerations, suggest that the volcanoes were located much farther to the south in the Iapetus than the source volcanoes of the British–Baltoscandian Llandoverian K-bentonites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e17-131","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Bergstrom, S., Huff, W., Kolata, D.R., and Melchin, M.J., 1997, Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 12, p. 1630-1643, https://doi.org/10.1139/e17-131.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1630","endPage":"1643","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226871,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Nova Scotia","city":"Arisaig","otherGeospatial":"Arisaig Provincial Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -62.202848618569064,\n 45.74427522683703\n ],\n [\n -62.20350113520516,\n 45.731675329841835\n ],\n [\n -62.19371338567392,\n 45.71527602644031\n ],\n [\n -62.17805298642375,\n 45.69477012758577\n ],\n [\n -62.13781446057358,\n 45.68139926979791\n ],\n [\n -62.122154061323414,\n 45.68307080181137\n ],\n [\n -62.09714933828745,\n 45.69719497203303\n ],\n [\n -62.054735756985366,\n 45.71648507955243\n ],\n [\n -62.04755807399593,\n 45.753224179967475\n ],\n [\n -62.0640884954267,\n 45.772950081139726\n ],\n [\n -62.08540403884959,\n 45.78948411501139\n ],\n [\n -62.09780185492272,\n 45.785692338734464\n ],\n [\n -62.11259223199227,\n 45.785540662318255\n ],\n [\n -62.117812365075935,\n 45.785995690328264\n ],\n [\n -62.13129770887413,\n 45.78083848872541\n ],\n [\n -62.13717035859307,\n 45.77552910639659\n ],\n [\n -62.150438196845926,\n 45.77158466654245\n ],\n [\n -62.16131347410317,\n 45.76688131594511\n ],\n [\n -62.1656635850062,\n 45.76399842116052\n ],\n [\n -62.1691436737278,\n 45.76384668572891\n ],\n [\n -62.175451334536646,\n 45.76157060473338\n ],\n [\n -62.17349378463089,\n 45.75929443088032\n ],\n [\n -62.17348536997619,\n 45.75702403509612\n ],\n [\n -62.18088055851095,\n 45.7535335794893\n ],\n [\n -62.19175583576735,\n 45.74989113217836\n ],\n [\n -62.202848618569064,\n 45.74427522683703\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b7be4b0c8380cd7470a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergstrom, Stig M.","contributorId":80832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"Stig M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huff, W.D.","contributorId":48327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huff","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolata, Dennis R.","contributorId":79495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolata","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melchin, Michael J.","contributorId":86125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melchin","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019446,"text":"70019446 - 1997 - Some thoughts on problems associated with various sampling media used for environmental monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70019446","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some thoughts on problems associated with various sampling media used for environmental monitoring","docAbstract":"Modern analytical instrumentation is capable of measuring a variety of trace elements at concentrations down into the single or double digit parts-per-trillion (ng l-1) range. This holds for the three most common sample media currently used in environmental monitoring programs: filtered water, whole-water and separated suspended sediment. Unfortunately, current analytical capabilities have exceeded the current capacity to collect both uncontaminated and representative environmental samples. The success of any trace element monitoring program requires that this issue be both understood and addressed. The environmental monitoring of trace elements requires the collection of calendar- and event-based dissolved and suspended sediment samples. There are unique problems associated with the collection and chemical analyses of both types of sample media. Over the past 10 years, reported ambient dissolved trace element concentrations have declined. Generally, these decreases do not reflect better water quality, but rather improvements in the procedures used to collect, process, preserve and analyze these samples without contaminating them during these steps. Further, recent studies have shown that the currently accepted operational definition of dissolved constituents (material passing a 0.45 ??m membrane filter) is inadequat owing to sampling and processing artifacts. The existence of these artifacts raises questions about the generation of accurate, precise and comparable 'dissolved' trace element data. Suspended sediment and associated trace elements can display marked short- and long-term spatial and temporal variability. This implies that spatially representative samples only can be obtained by generating composites using depth- and width-integrated sampling techniques. Additionally, temporal variations have led to the view that the determination of annual trace element fluxes may require nearly constant (e.g., high-frequency) sampling and subsequent chemical analyses. Ultimately, sampling frequency for flux estimates becomes dependent on the time period of concern (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly) and the amount of acceptable error associated with these estimates.","largerWorkTitle":"Analyst","language":"English","doi":"10.1039/a704604i","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., 1997, Some thoughts on problems associated with various sampling media used for environmental monitoring, in Analyst, v. 122, no. 11, p. 1193-1200, https://doi.org/10.1039/a704604i.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1200","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a704604i"},{"id":226705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92f1e4b08c986b31a1d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014699,"text":"1014699 - 1997 - Comparative behaviour and dietary effects in early life phases of American sturgeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:57:03.392806","indexId":"1014699","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative behaviour and dietary effects in early life phases of American sturgeons","docAbstract":"Experiments were conducted with the larvae and early juveniles of three species of sturgeon to determine effects of diet and development on swimming and foraging behaviour as well as depth distribution in 100-L aquaria. About 500 hatchlings were placed in each tank with two or three replicates of three or six diet treatments, including live and dry feeds. Eight types of swimming or foraging activity were recorded with a lap-top event recorder and with fish counts in three depths of water. Analysis of variance showed live diets resulted in greater foraging activity in upper water horizons than most dry diets for Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenseroxyrhynchus Mitchill. Scouring, a foraging activity, differed among diet types in early juvenile lake sturgeon, A. fulvescens Rafinesque. Developmental effects included early peaks in the performance of swim-up for all species and swim near surface for two of three species. Postlarvae (post-yolk-sac larvae) of shovelnose, Scaphirhynchusplatorhynchus (Rafinesque), and Atlantic sturgeon swam inverted, an apparent foraging tactic associated with elevated or air-water surfaces. Postlarvae maintained (lake sturgeon) or shifted to (other species) bottom swimming with increased scouring activity. Shovelnose early postlarvae occupied higher average water-column heights than lake or Atlantic sturgeon. Shovelnose (only species tested) postlarvae showed greater activity in upper water horizons at night. These results suggest a fundamental shift to benthic foraging during the postlarval phase, with shovelnose sturgeon continuing to forage in suprabenthic zones to a greater degree than the other two species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2400.1997.d01-158.x","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., and Bennett, R.M., 1997, Comparative behaviour and dietary effects in early life phases of American sturgeons: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 4, p. 17-30, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.1997.d01-158.x.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae55c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020054,"text":"70020054 - 1997 - Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020054","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers","docAbstract":"Controlled debris-flow initiation experiments focused on three hydrologic conditions that can trigger slope failure: localized ground-water inflow; prolonged moderate-intensity rainfall; and high-intensity rainfall. Detailed monitoring of slope hydrology and deformation provided exceptionally complete data on conditions preceding and accompanying slope failure and debris-flow mobilization. Ground-water inflow and high-intensity sprinkling led to abrupt, complete failure whereas moderate-intensity sprinkling led to retrogressive, block-by-block failure. Failure during ground-water inflow and during moderate-intensity sprinkling occurred with a rising water table and positive pore pressures. Failure during high-intensity sprinkling occurred without widespread positive pore pressures. In all three cases, pore pressures in most locations increased dramatically (within 2-3 seconds) during failure. In some places, pressures in unsaturated materials rapidly 'flashed' from zero to elevated positive values. Transiently elevated pore pressures and partially liquefied soil enhanced debris-flow mobilization.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Reid, M.E., LaHusen, R.G., and Iverson, R.M., 1997, Debris-flow initiation experiments using diverse hydrologic triggers, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997, p. 1-11.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdfbe4b0c8380cd4ea4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaHusen, Richard G.","contributorId":60205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaHusen","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019444,"text":"70019444 - 1997 - Geologic hazards of the Wasatch Front, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:15:37.722049","indexId":"70019444","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic hazards of the Wasatch Front, Utah","docAbstract":"The results of recent and ongoing research into six significant geologic hazards of the Wasatch Front region will be summarized on this field trip, including: (1) surface fault rupture on the Salt Lake City segment of the Wasatch fault zone; (2) seismic site response in the Salt Lake Valley, including ground shaking and liquefaction; (3) liquefaction-induced landsliding at the Farmington Siding landslide complex; (4) lake flooding along the shores of Great Salt Lake; (5) debris-flow deposition on alluvial fans at the base of the Wasatch Range; and (6) landsliding in the Ogden area. The trip will provide an opportunity to discuss the scientific, engineering, and administrative aspects involved in geologic-hazard evaluation in this rapidly growing region.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Hylland, M., Black, B., and Lowe, M., 1997, Geologic hazards of the Wasatch Front, Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 2, p. 299-324.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"324","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226746,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1978e4b0c8380cd559d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hylland, M.D.","contributorId":70938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hylland","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, B.D.","contributorId":24109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowe, Mark","contributorId":93441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019275,"text":"70019275 - 1997 - Grain-size-induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T16:56:47.524184","indexId":"70019275","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Grain-size-induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization","title":"Grain-size-induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization","docAbstract":"Grain-size-dependent flow mechanisms tend to be favored over dislocation creep at low differential stresses and can potentially influence the rheology of low-stress, low-strain rate environments such as those of planetary interiors. We experimentally investigated the effect of reduced grain size on the solid-state flow of water ice I, a principal component of the asthenospheres of many icy moons of the outer solar system, using techniques new to studies of this deformation regime. We fabricated fully dense ice samples of approximate grain size 2±1 μm by transforming “standard” ice I samples of 250±50 μm grain size to the higher-pressure phase ice II, deforming them in the ice II field, and then rapidly releasing the pressure deep into the ice I stability field. At T≤200 K, slow growth and rapid nucleation of ice I combine to produce a fine grain size. Constant-strain rate deformation tests conducted on these samples show that deformation rates are less stress sensitive than for standard ice and that the fine-grained material is markedly weaker than standard ice, particularly during the transient approach to steady state deformation. Scanning electron microscope examination of the deformed fine-grained ice samples revealed an unusual microstructure dominated by platelike grains that grew normal to the compression direction, with c axes preferentially oriented parallel to compression. In samples tested at T≥220 K the elongation of the grains is so pronounced that the samples appear finely banded, with aspect ratios of grains approaching 50:1. The anisotropic growth of these crystallographically oriented neoblasts likely contributes to progressive work hardening observed during the transient stage of deformation. We have also documented remarkably similar microstructural development and weak mechanical behavior in fine-grained ice samples partially transformed and deformed in the ice II field.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03894","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stern, L., Durham, W., and Kirby, S.H., 1997, Grain-size-induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B3, p. 5313-5325, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03894.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5313","endPage":"5325","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a29c0e4b0c8380cd5abe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019241,"text":"70019241 - 1997 - Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in municipal stormwater in the United States, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019241","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in municipal stormwater in the United States, 1991-95","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampled stormwater in 16 cities and metropolitan areas that are required to obtain permits to discharge stormwater from their municipal storm-sewer system into surface water. Concentrations of 62 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene) compounds, were measured in 592 stormwater samples collected in these cities and metropolitan areas from 1991 through 1995. MTBE was the seventh most frequently detected VOC in municipal stormwater. In decreasing order, the most frequently detected VOCs were toluene, total xylene, chloroform, total trimethylbenzene, tetrachloroethene, and naphthalene. MTBE was detected in 6.9 percent (41 of 592) of stormwater samples collected. When detected, concentrations of MTBE ranged from 0.2 to 8.7 micrograms per liter (??g/L), with a median of 1.5 ??g/L. All detections of MTBE were less than the lower limit of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) draft drinking water lifetime health advisory (20 ??g/L). Eighty-three percent of all detections of MTBE in stonnwater were in samples collected during October through March of each year (1991-95), which corresponds with the expected seasonal use of oxygenated gasoline in areas where carbon monoxide exceeds established air-quality standards. The median concentration of MTBE and benzene for all samples was statistically different and higher in samples collected during October through March than samples collected during April through September. Sixty-six percent of all MTBE: detections occurred with BTEX compounds, and a proportionate increase in concentrations was found when these compounds occurred together. Detected concentrations of toluene and total xylene ranged from 0.2 to 6.6 ??g/L and 0.2 to 15 ??g/L with median concentrations of 0.3 and 0.4 ??g/L, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Delzer, G., Zogorski, J., and Lopes, T.J., 1997, Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in municipal stormwater in the United States, 1991-95: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 37, no. 1, p. 374-376.","startPage":"374","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c40e4b0c8380cd74b1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delzer, G.C.","contributorId":60261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"G.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopes, T. J.","contributorId":9631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019909,"text":"70019909 - 1997 - Pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California: Inputs from dormant sprayed orchards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T12:20:17.349714","indexId":"70019909","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides in the San Joaquin River, California: Inputs from dormant sprayed orchards","docAbstract":"Rainfall-induced runoff mobilized pesticides to the San Joaquin River and its tributaries during a 3.8-cm rainstorm beginning the evening of 7 February and lasting through the morning of 8 Feb. 1993. Two distinct peaks of organophosphate pesticide concentrations were measured at the mouth of the San Joaquin River. These two peaks were attributed to contrasts between the soil texture, basin size, pesticide-use patterns, and hydrology of the eastern and western San Joaquin Valley. The fine soil texture and small size of the western tributary basins contributed to rapid runoff. In western valley streams, diazinon concentrations peaked within hours of the rainfall's end and then decreased because of a combination of dilution with pesticide-free runoff from the nearby Coast Ranges and decreasing concentrations in the agricultural runoff. Peak concentrations for the Merced River, a large tributary of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, occurred at least a day later than those of the western tributary streams. That delay may be due to the presence of well-drained soils in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, the larger size of the Merced River drainage basin, and the management of surface-water drainage networks. A subsequent storm on 18 and 19 February resulted in much lower concentrations of most organophosphate pesticides suggesting that the first storm had mobilized most of the pesticides that were available for rainfall-induced transport.
ABSTRACT: Accurate data about nutrient concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents are needed for river basin water-quality studies. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the South Platte River Basin, nutrient data were requested from 31 wastewater-treatment plants located in the basin. This article describes the types of nutrient data available from the plants, examines the variability of effluent nutrient concentrations, and discusses methods for estimation of nutrient concentrations where data are lacking.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04096.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Pocernich, M., and Litke, D.W., 1997, Nutrient concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents, South Platte River Basin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 1, p. 205-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04096.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"205","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a697ee4b0c8380cd73d5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pocernich, M.","contributorId":10566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pocernich","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Litke, D. W.","contributorId":94346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014614,"text":"1014614 - 1997 - Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-26T11:22:23.691114","indexId":"1014614","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","title":"Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water","docAbstract":"One-year-old Atlantic salmon smolts were held in three artificial channels adjacent to a softwater (mean sp. cond. 30 μS cm−1, circumneutral stream. Water in one channel was untreated (mean pH 6.25); the others received additions of acid (to mean pH 5.6), or acid plus aluminum (to mean pH 5.5; mean exchangeable Al 158 μg litre−1). Gills were sampled after 16 and 23 days of exposure for morphometric examination. On primary lamellae, chloride cells were more numerous in both experimental treatments than in controls. In contrast, numbers of chloride cells on secondary lamellae were elevated only in fish exposed to acid without added Al. Chloride cell size and shape also varied with time and treatment. Fewer gill mucous cells were found in fish exposed to acid plus Al than in controls. Chloride cell proliferation and structural changes may represent an attempt to compensate for increased ionic effluxes with low pH stress by increasing uptake. However, if Al concentrations are high, chloride cells do not proliferate along the secondary lamellae, or proliferating cells are damaged and lost. This may limit the potential to increase ionic uptake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00069-9","usgsCitation":"Jagoe, C.H., and Haines, T., 1997, Changes in gill morphology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts due to addition of acid and aluminum to stream water: Environmental Pollution, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 137-146, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00069-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"146","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131833,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","county":"Hancock County","otherGeospatial":"Baker Brook, Narraguagus River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.06128938975448,\n 44.75134392491739\n ],\n [\n -68.0947931491917,\n 44.75156838982778\n ],\n [\n -68.11407361452852,\n 44.73360844217186\n ],\n [\n -68.10901644329276,\n 44.700143166787825\n ],\n [\n -68.05686454600394,\n 44.66418585070829\n ],\n [\n -68.00502854083615,\n 44.634279262897365\n ],\n [\n -67.95529294673963,\n 44.59641364378203\n ],\n [\n -67.91072662522338,\n 44.53831754047758\n ],\n [\n -67.88386040303293,\n 44.53088245804446\n ],\n [\n -67.88038359780816,\n 44.54890526151266\n ],\n [\n -67.89681940432503,\n 44.580206614742394\n ],\n [\n -67.91704808926808,\n 44.61711604903323\n ],\n [\n -67.9247636323927,\n 44.65257830309801\n ],\n [\n -67.9247636323927,\n 44.69037505361024\n ],\n [\n -67.9652830251845,\n 44.75505870035508\n ],\n [\n -68.00422373747993,\n 44.8114576147523\n ],\n [\n -68.06421345658526,\n 44.90247579137923\n ],\n [\n -68.0636871602083,\n 44.947185777055466\n ],\n [\n -68.09736561408506,\n 45.00525712138179\n ],\n [\n -68.16051271510406,\n 45.01083780529447\n ],\n [\n -68.18156174877721,\n 44.96096442870456\n ],\n [\n -68.11262663006416,\n 44.843181238467054\n ],\n [\n -68.06128938975448,\n 44.75134392491739\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagoe, C. H.","contributorId":97456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagoe","given":"C.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020073,"text":"70020073 - 1997 - Linkage between mantle and crustal structures and its bearing on inherited structures in northwestern Scotland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:51:38.758667","indexId":"70020073","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkage between mantle and crustal structures and its bearing on inherited structures in northwestern Scotland","docAbstract":"Deep seismic reflection profiles in Scotland reveal mantle structures beneath a crust with a polyphase tectonic history that resulted in several generations of structures. Continuum mechanics suggests that coeval mantle and crustal structures must be kinematically linked. Inherited structures imply relative ages for the reflectors, ages that can be placed into the context of the geological history of the near-surface rocks of northern Scotland. Thus, some mantle reflectors are assigned Triassic ages related to the opening of the West Orkney and related marginal basins of the Atlantic Ocean. Other mantle reflectors are cut by late Caledonian structures associated with the Great Glen Fault Zone and therefore older than c. 400 Ma. Many of these structures also track the late Precambrian margin of Laurentia and may be related to either the opening (900–600 Ma) or closing (500–600 Ma) of the Iapetus Ocean. Some reflective structures may also be attributed to 1800–1700 Ma Laxfordian deformation that was part of a global-scale orogenic belt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.154.1.0079","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Snyder, D., England, R., and McBride, J., 1997, Linkage between mantle and crustal structures and its bearing on inherited structures in northwestern Scotland: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 154, no. 1, p. 79-83, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.154.1.0079.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228230,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47cae4b0c8380cd67996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, D.B.","contributorId":99141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"England, R.W.","contributorId":106663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"England","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McBride, J.H.","contributorId":99712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019435,"text":"70019435 - 1997 - A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019435","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","docAbstract":"We analyse a simple, physically-based model of breach formation in natural and constructed earthen dams to elucidate the principal factors controlling the flood hydrograph at the breach. Formation of the breach, which is assumed trapezoidal in cross-section, is parameterized by the mean rate of downcutting, k, the value of which is constrained by observations. A dimensionless formulation of the model leads to the prediction that the breach hydrograph depends upon lake shape, the ratio r of breach width to depth, the side slope ?? of the breach, and the parameter ?? = (V/ D3)(k/???gD), where V = lake volume, D = lake depth, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Calculations show that peak discharge Qp depends weakly on lake shape r and ??, but strongly on ??, which is the product of a dimensionless lake volume and a dimensionless erosion rate. Qp(??) takes asymptotically distinct forms depending on whether ?? < < 1 or ?? > > 1. Theoretical predictions agree well with data from dam failures for which k could be reasonably estimated. The analysis provides a rapid and in many cases graphical way to estimate plausible values of Qp at the breach.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., 1997, A physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 239, p. 217-224.","startPage":"217","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226700,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"239","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d9e4b0c8380cd4698e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019434,"text":"70019434 - 1997 - New harmony: The great scientific experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019434","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New harmony: The great scientific experiment","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Haney, D.C., and Rice, D., 1997, New harmony: The great scientific experiment: Geotimes, v. 42, no. 7, p. 23-27.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226699,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a658fe4b0c8380cd72c1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, D.L.","contributorId":53541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019248,"text":"70019248 - 1997 - Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:59:04.410595","indexId":"70019248","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Carboniferous succession along the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT) corridor in the Atigun Gorge area of the central Brooks Range consists of the Kayak Shale (Kinderhookian) and the Lisburne Group (Kinderhookian through Chesterian). The Kayak Shale is at least 210 m thick; it is chiefly black, noncalcareous shale with several limestone beds of pelmatozoan-bryozoan packstone and formed in an open-marine setting. The Lisburne Group is a carbonate rock succession about 650 m thick and consists mainly of skeletal packstone, wackestone, and milestone which contain locally abundant calcispheres, ostracodes, algae, and sponge spicules; it accumulated largely in a shallow water platform environment with restricted circulation. This restriction was probably produced by a coeval belt of skeletal sand shoals recognized 70 km to the west in the Shainin Lake area. Significant and apparently abrupt shifts in the age and lithofacies of Carboniferous strata occur across the central and eastern Brooks Range. These shifts are most marked in a zone roughly coincident with what is interpreted by many workers to be the leading edge of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Notable lithologie contrasts are also observed, however, between sections in the northern and southern parts of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. This suggests that considerable tectonic shortening has taken place within the allochthon, as well as between it and parautochthonous rocks to the northeast. The Carboniferous section near Mount Doonerak is more similar in age and lithofacies to coeval sections in the central Brooks Range that are considered allochthonous than to parautochthonous sections to the northeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02350","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Watts, K., and Harris, A., 1997, Stratigraphic contrasts and tectonic relationships between Carboniferous successions in the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect corridor and adjacent areas, northern Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20709-20726, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02350.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"20709","endPage":"20726","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479943,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02350","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98d9e4b08c986b31c161","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, K.F.","contributorId":45368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":39791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019902,"text":"70019902 - 1997 - Evidence for Milankovitch periodicities in Cenomanian-Turonian lithologic and geochemical cycles, western interior U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T11:13:55.687658","indexId":"70019902","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for Milankovitch periodicities in Cenomanian-Turonian lithologic and geochemical cycles, western interior U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The limestone/marlstone bedding couplets of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member, Cenomanian-Turonian Greenhorn Formation, were analyzed by applying spectral techniques to high-resolution lithologic and geochemical data from a core. The results suggest that the Bridge Creek contains a complex record of orbital cyclicity. The dominant signal appears to be obliquity, but signals corresponding to precession and eccentricity were also observed. The development of the bedding couplets is interpreted to have resulted from a combination of factors, including insolation-controlled changes in higher-latitude precipitation leading to dilution/redox cycles, and in lower-latitude evaporation, leading to changes in surface water conditions and productivity cycles in the calcareous plankton. The data interpreted to reflect redox cycles appear to be more strongly influenced by obliquity, and show a weak precessional signal. In contrast, trends in the carbonate record show the opposite response. The complex bedding pattern observed in the Bridge Creek Limestone is interpreted to result from the competing influences of different orbital cycles expressed through different pathways of the depositional system, and was also affected by changes in sedimentation rates related to relative sea level fluctuations, aperiodic dilution by volcanic ash, and changes in organic-matter production and redox conditions related to a global \"oceanic anoxic event\". These factors complicate cycle analysis in the lower part of the member but leave a relatively undisturbed record in the upper Bridge Creek Limestone.
The International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS), through the mapping expertise of the U.S. Geological Survey and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, recently guided the completion of a 1-km resolution global land cover data set from advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data. The 1-km resolution land cover product, “DISCover,” was based on monthly normalized difference vegetation index composites from 1992 and 1993. The development of DISCover was coordinated by the IGBP-DIS Land Cover Working Group as part of the IGBP-DIS Focus 1 activity. DISCover is a 17-class land cover data set based on the scientific requirements of IGBP elements. The mapping used unsupervised classification and postclassification refinement using ancillary data. The development of this data set was motivated by the need for global land cover data with higher spatial resolution, unproved temporal specificity, and known classification accuracy. The completed DISCover data set will soon be validated to determine the accuracy of the global classification.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0094-5765(98)00050-2","usgsCitation":"Loveland, T., and Belward, A., 1997, The International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Data and Information System global land cover data set (DISCover): Acta Astronautica, v. 41, no. 4-10, p. 681-689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-5765(98)00050-2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"4-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad56e4b08c986b323b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":106125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belward, A.S.","contributorId":6197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belward","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019430,"text":"70019430 - 1997 - Distribution and stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T19:38:05","indexId":"70019430","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"Spatial change in eelgrass meadows, Zostera marina L., was assessed between 1978 and 1987 and between 1987 and 1995 at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska. Change in total extent was evaluated through a map to map comparison of data interpreted from a 1978 Landsat multi-spectral scanner image and 1987 black and white aerial photographs. A ground survey in 1995 was used to assess spatial change from 1987. Eelgrass beds were the predominant vegetation type in the lagoon, comprising 44-47% (15000-16000 ha) of the total area in 1978 and 1987. Izembek Lagoon contains the largest bed of seagrass along the Pacific Coast of North America and largest known single stand of eelgrass in the world. There was a high degree of overlap in the spatial distribution of eelgrass among years of change detection. The overall net change was a 6% gain between, 1978 and 1987 and a <1% gain between 1987 and 1995. The lack of significant change in eelgrass cover suggests that eelgrass meadows in Izembek Lagoon have been stable during the 17-year period of our study.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00037-5","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Ward, D.H., Markon, C.J., and Douglas, D.C., 1997, Distribution and stability of eelgrass beds at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska: Aquatic Botany, v. 58, no. 3-4, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00037-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205766,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3770(97)00037-5"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Izembek Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.4710693359375,\n 54.939765758658936\n ],\n [\n -162.344970703125,\n 54.939765758658936\n ],\n [\n -162.344970703125,\n 55.33851784425634\n ],\n [\n -163.4710693359375,\n 55.33851784425634\n ],\n [\n -163.4710693359375,\n 54.939765758658936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02a3e4b0c8380cd50141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward, David H. 0000-0002-5242-2526 dward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2526","contributorId":3247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"David","email":"dward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, Carl J. markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019650,"text":"70019650 - 1997 - Fault-related folding during extension: Plunging basement-cored folds in the Basin and Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-17T01:02:57.878219","indexId":"70019650","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-related folding during extension: Plunging basement-cored folds in the Basin and Range","docAbstract":"Folds are able to form in highly extended areas where stratified cover rocks respond to basement fault offsets. The response of cover rocks to basement faulting can be studied especially well in plunging structures that expose large structural relief. The southern Basin and Range province contains plunging folds kilometres in amplitude at the corners of domino-like tilt blocks of basement rocks, where initially steep transverse and normal faults propagated upward toward the layered cover rocks. Exposed tilted cross sections, as much as 8 km thick, display transitions from faulted basement to folded cover that validate laboratory models of forced folds. The folded cover masks a deeper extensional style of brittle segmentation and uniform steep tilting.