{"pageNumber":"3665","pageRowStart":"91600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019551,"text":"70019551 - 1997 - Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T16:59:22","indexId":"70019551","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy","docAbstract":"Gas manifestations in north-central Italy consist of CO2-rich gases with minor N2-rich emissions and discharge either along with thermal springs or into cold and stagnant waters. 'Cold' gases are prevalently CO2-dominated (> 90%) while gases related to the thermal waters have variable composition: from CO2 > 99.5% to N2 > 90%. The variable composition of 'thermal' gases is caused by differences in the thermal regime and lithology of the ascent paths, where there is mixing of gases from multiple sources, such as N2-rich atmospheric and deep CO2-rich metamorphic end-members. Elevated concentrations of CH4 and H2 in these gases are generally related to the presence of active geothermal systems at shallow depth, such as the Larderello-Travale field in Tuscany. The ??13C values between coexisting CH4 and CO2 in all samples analyzed suggest that CH4 originates abiogenically in 200-400??C hydrothermal systems. Far from geothermal areas, where the thermal gradient is lower or the water/gas ratio is high because of large inflow of meteoric waters, H2 and CH4 are usually lower. In some cases, they can be scrubbed or oxidized (especially H2), while the residual rising gas becomes indirectly enriched in N2 and CO2. Carbon dioxide is also enriched in some discharged gases because it is produced at shallow depth in lower temperature conditions (< 150??C). Heavy ??15N values for N2 to near +7.0??? suggest that, for some gas samples that contain excess nitrogen (e.g. where N2/Ar ??? 83), this component probably derives from ammonia-rich feldspars and micas within the Palaeozoic schist basement rocks. However, other samples show evidence of a shallow component of CH4 and N2 from Neogene basin sediments. The areal distribution of the 3He/4He ratio points to a general prevalence of atmospheric and crustal 4He in the gas discharges in central Italy. A significant component of mantle 3He is only found in the geothermal areas of Larderello where the large regional thermal anomaly suggests the presence of a deep magmatic body. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Minissale, A., Evans, W.C., Magro, G., and Vaselli, O., 1997, Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy: Chemical Geology, v. 142, no. 3-4, p. 175-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8.","startPage":"175","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266038,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8"},{"id":228280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a607ae4b0c8380cd714b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minissale, A.","contributorId":94441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minissale","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magro, G.","contributorId":79644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magro","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaselli, O.","contributorId":93647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaselli","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019349,"text":"70019349 - 1997 - Distribution of MTBE in ground water in New England by aquifer type and land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019349","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":610,"text":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of MTBE in ground water in New England by aquifer type and land use","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00933066","usgsCitation":"Grady, S.J., 1997, Distribution of MTBE in ground water in New England by aquifer type and land use: ACS Division of Environmental Chemistry, Preprints, v. 37, no. 1, p. 392-394.","startPage":"392","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02b4e4b0c8380cd50183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grady, S. J.","contributorId":69962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019895,"text":"70019895 - 1997 - An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019895","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite","docAbstract":"High-pressure (0.8 gigapascals) granulite facies garnet from Gore Mountain, New York, hosts multiple solid inclusions containing the low- pressure silica polymorph cristobalite along with albite and minor ilmenite. Identification of cristobalite is based on Raman spectra, electron microprobe analysis, and microthermometric measurements on the ??/?? phase transformation. The cristobalite plus albite inclusions may have originated as small, trapped samples of hydrous sodium-aluminum-siliceous melt. Diffusive loss of water from these inclusions under isothermal, isochoric conditions may have resulted in a large enough internal pressure decrease to promote the metastable crystallization of cristobalite.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.276.5309.91","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Darling, R., Chou, I., and Bodnar, R., 1997, An occurrence of metastable cristobalite in high-pressure garnet Granulite: Science, v. 276, no. 5309, p. 91-93, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.91.","startPage":"91","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206010,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.91"},{"id":227853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"276","issue":"5309","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea97e4b0c8380cd48977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darling, R.S.","contributorId":78892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darling","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodnar, R.J.","contributorId":57065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014921,"text":"1014921 - 1997 - Food and prey selection of recently released American shad (Alosa sapidissima) larvae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T11:24:52.251157","indexId":"1014921","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Food and prey selection of recently released American shad (Alosa sapidissima) larvae","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">We examined the diet composition and prey selection of 1,875 recently released American shad (<u class=\"uu\">Alosa sapidissima</u>) larvae (approximately 18-d old). Larvae were collected in the Juniata River, Pennsylvania, during June in 1991 and 1992. Chironomid pupae were selected by shad larvae and were the major component in the diet in 1991 (50%) and 1992 (96%). Chironomid larvae, the second-ranked prey in the diet, were less preferred both years. Less than one percent of the shad larvae contained riverine prey 2 to 3 hr after release, and only about 4% contained natural food 24 to 30 hr following release. At least for the 30 hr following release, feeding activity of stocked shad appears to be much reduced compared to that of wild populations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1997.9663545","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1997, Food and prey selection of recently released American shad (Alosa sapidissima) larvae: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 355-358, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1997.9663545.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de59d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019346,"text":"70019346 - 1997 - Comment on \"The 1946 Hispaniola earthquake and the tectonics of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary zone, northeastern Hispaniola\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T14:21:44.212717","indexId":"70019346","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on \"The 1946 Hispaniola earthquake and the tectonics of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary zone, northeastern Hispaniola\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB00648","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dolan, J., and Wald, D., 1997, Comment on \"The 1946 Hispaniola earthquake and the tectonics of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary zone, northeastern Hispaniola\": Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B1, p. 785-792, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00648.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"785","endPage":"792","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7e8e4b0c8380cd4cd8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019952,"text":"70019952 - 1997 - Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:20:36.327913","indexId":"70019952","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id9\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id10\"><p>In March 1994, we used the newly refurbished Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain global imaging of Io at five wavelengths between 0.34 and 1.02 μm, with a spatial resolution of 160 km. The images provided the clearest view of Io since Voyager and the first systematic observations in the wavelength range 0.7–1.0 μm. We have produced absolutely calibrated global mosaics of Io's reflectance in all our five wavelengths. The near-infrared images reveal that the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge seen in Io's disk-integrated spectrum has a very different spatial distribution from the better-known 0.40- to 0.50-μm absorption edge studied by Voyager, and must be generated by a different chemical species. The 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge is strongly concentrated in the pyroclastic ejecta blanket of the volcano Pele, at a few much smaller discrete spots, and probably also in the polar regions. The Pele ejecta spectrum is consistent with the idea that S<sub>2</sub>O, partially decomposed to S<sub>4</sub>(and probably S<sub>3</sub>), may be the species responsible for the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge at Pele and elsewhere on Io, though S<sub>4</sub>generated by other processes may also be a possibility. S<sub>2</sub>O can be produced by high-temperature decomposition of SO<sub>2</sub>gas, and the high temperature of the Pele volcano may account for its concentration there. Spectral anomalies of comparable size and prominence are not seen around the other “Pele-type” volcanos Surt and Aten (A. S. McEwen and L. A. Soderblom, 1983,<i>Icarus</i>55, 191–217), suggesting that these volcanos, if chemically similar to Pele, are much less active. The spectrum of high-latitude regions is similar to that of quenched red sulfur glass, and if this similarity is not coincidental, the glass may be preserved here by the low polar surface temperatures. Alternatively, the low polar temperatures may preserve sulfur that has been reddened by radiation. There are many changes in albedo patterns in the 15 years between Voyager and these HST observations, but these are generally subtle at HST resolution and are not strongly concentrated in longitude; however there was a major brightening of a 400-km-diameter region centered on Ra Patera between March 1994 and repeat HST observations in July 1995, which was a larger albedo change than any seen in the previous 15 years. This was presumably due to a large eruption at Ra Patera, as confirmed by Galileo images. Long-exposure eclipse images of Io at 1.02 μm on March 6, 1994, place strong limits on the area of exposed silicate magma on Io at the time of the observations.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1996.5670","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., McEwen, A.S., McGrath, M., Sartoretti, P., Nash, D., Noll, K.S., and Gilmore, D., 1997, Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging: Icarus, v. 127, no. 1, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.5670.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc300e4b08c986b32aed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.R.","contributorId":106270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, M.A.","contributorId":26829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sartoretti, P.","contributorId":93226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoretti","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nash, D.B.","contributorId":50562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noll, K. S.","contributorId":33075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilmore, D.","contributorId":77311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019454,"text":"70019454 - 1997 - Applications of the 190Pt-186Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:18:30.721831","indexId":"70019454","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Applications of the <sup>190</sup>Pt-<sup>186</sup>Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry","title":"Applications of the 190Pt-186Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry","docAbstract":"<p><span>Platinum is fractionated from osmium primarily as a consequence of processes involving sulfide and metal crystallization. Consequently, the&nbsp;</span><sup>190</sup><span>Pt</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os isotope system (</span><sup>190</sup><span>Pt →&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os + α) shows promise for dating some types of magmatic sulfide ores and evolved iron meteorites. The first&nbsp;</span><sup>190</sup><span>Pt&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os isochrons are presented here for ores from the ca. 251 Ma Noril'sk, Siberia plume, and for group IIAB magmatic iron meteorites. Given the known age of the Noril'sk system, a decay constant for&nbsp;</span><sup>190</sup><span>Pt is determined to be 1.542 × 10</span><sup>−12</sup><span>a</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, with ±1% uncertainty. The isochron generated for the IIAB irons is consistent with this decay constant and the known age of the group. The&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratios of presumably young, mantle-derived osmiridiums and also the carbonaceous chondrite Allende were measured to high-precision to constrain the composition of the modern upper mantle. These compositions overlap, indicating that the upper mantle is chondritic within the level of resolution now available. Our best estimate for this&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratio is 0.119834 ± 2 (2σ</span><sub><i>M</i></sub><span>). The&nbsp;</span><sup>190</sup><span>Pt/</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os ratios determined for six enstatite chondrites average 0.001659 ± 75, which is very similar to published values for carbonaceous chondrites. Using this ratio and the presumed composition of the modern upper mantle and chondrites, a solar system initial&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratio of 0.119820 is calculated. In comparison to the modern upper mantle composition, the&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os/</span><sup>188</sup><span>Os ratio of the Noril'sk plume was approximately 0.012% enriched in&nbsp;</span><sup>186</sup><span>Os. Possible reasons for this heterogeneity include the recycling of Pt-rich crust into the mantle source of the plume and derivation of the osmium from the outer core. Derivation of the osmium from the outer core is our favored model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00270-6","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Morgan, J.W., Beary, E., Smoliar, M., Czamanske, G., and Horan, M., 1997, Applications of the 190Pt-186Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 22, p. 4799-4807, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00270-6.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4799","endPage":"4807","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccae4b0c8380cd494ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beary, E.S.","contributorId":29967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beary","given":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smoliar, M.I.","contributorId":96843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoliar","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019280,"text":"70019280 - 1997 - Energy sources and ecological role of crayfishes in an Ozark stream: Insights from stable isotopes and gut analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019280","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy sources and ecological role of crayfishes in an Ozark stream: Insights from stable isotopes and gut analysis","docAbstract":"Energy sources for the crayfishes Orconectes luteus and O. punctimanus in the Jacks Fork River, Missouri, were quantified using stable isotopes (??13C and ??15N) and gut-content analysis. A dual-isotope mixing model indicated that about two thirds of crayfish production originated from allochthonous carbon sources, and 30-50% of crayfish production was derived from direct consumption of animal matter. Young-of-the-year crayfishes and adult O. luteus were more carnivorous than the larger adult O. punctimanus. Contributions of energy sources determined using the stable isotope mixing model were similar to results of gut-content analysis corrected for differential assimilation of dietary components. Proportions of crayfish production attributed to animal matter by these two methods were four to five times greater than estimates derived from uncorrected gut-content analysis. Unadjusted gut-content analysis overestimated the percentage of crayfish production from feeding directly on detritus. Production-based calculations of crayfish food consumption rates indicated that crayfishes were the dominant consumers of benthic invertebrates, detritus, and algae and may strongly influence lower trophic levels, organic matter processing, and energy flow in this system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-54-11-2555","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Whitledge, G., and Rabeni, C., 1997, Energy sources and ecological role of crayfishes in an Ozark stream: Insights from stable isotopes and gut analysis: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 11, p. 2555-2563, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-11-2555.","startPage":"2555","endPage":"2563","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205716,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-11-2555"},{"id":226372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a094fe4b0c8380cd51e79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitledge, G.W.","contributorId":33465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitledge","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019549,"text":"70019549 - 1997 - Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-08T06:23:47","indexId":"70019549","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst","docAbstract":"<p>In the mantled karst terrane of northern Florida, the water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer is influenced by the degree of connectivity between the aquifer and the surface. Chemical and isotopic analyses [<sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O (δ<sup>18</sup>O),<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>2</sup>H/<sup>1</sup>H (δD),<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C (δ<sup>13</sup>C), tritium (<sup>3</sup>H), and strontium‐87/strontium‐86 (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr)] along with geochemical mass‐balance modeling were used to identify the dominant hydrochemical processes that control the composition of ground water as it evolves downgradient in two systems. In one system, surface water enters the Upper Floridan aquifer through a sinkhole located in the Northern Highlands physiographic unit. In the other system, surface water enters the aquifer through a sinkhole lake (Lake Bradford) in the Woodville Karst Plain. Differences in the composition of water isotopes (δ<sup>18</sup>O and &lt;δD) in rainfall, ground water, and surface water were used to develop mixing models of surface water (leakage of water to the Upper Floridan aquifer from a sinkhole lake and a sinkhole) and ground water. Using mass‐balance calculations, based on differences in δ<sup>18</sup>O and δD, the proportion of lake water that mixed with meteoric water ranged from 7 to 86% in water from wells located in close proximity to Lake Bradford. In deeper parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, water enriched in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O and D from five of 12 sampled municipal wells indicated that recharge from a sinkhole (1 to 24%) and surface water with an evaporated isotopic signature (2 to 32%) was mixing with ground water.</p><p>The solute isotopes, δ<sup>13</sup>C and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr, were used to test the sensitivity of binary and ternary mixing models, and to estimate the amount of mass transfer of carbon and other dissolved species in geochemical reactions. In ground water downgradient from Lake Bradford, the dominant processes controlling carbon cycling in ground water were dissolution of carbonate minerals, aerobic degradation of organic matter, and hydrolysis of silicate minerals. In the deeper parts of the Upper Floridan aquifer, the major processes controlling the concentrations of major dissolved species included dissolution of calcite and dolomite, and degradation of organic matter under oxic conditions. The Upper Floridan aquifer is highly susceptible to contamination from activities at the land surface in the Tallahassee area. The presence of post‐ 1950s concentrations of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup>H in ground water from depths greater than 100 m below land surface indicates that water throughout much of the Upper Floridan aquifer has been recharged during the last 40 years. Even though mixing is likely between ground water and surface water in many parts of the study area, the Upper Floridan aquifer produces good quality water, which due to dilution effects shows little if any impact from trace elements or nutrients that are present in surface waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00174.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Coplen, T., Bullen, T., and Hal Davis, J., 1997, Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to characterize the interactions between ground water and surface water in mantled karst: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1014-1028, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00174.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1014","endPage":"1028","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbed3e4b08c986b3297da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hal Davis, J.","contributorId":70947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hal Davis","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020273,"text":"70020273 - 1997 - A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020273","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Williams, S., Stone, G., and Burruss, A., 1997, A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 593-594.","startPage":"593","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d5e4b0c8380cd46971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, G.W.","contributorId":68065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, A.E. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":26845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020260,"text":"70020260 - 1997 - Water-quality trends in White Rock Creek Basin from 1912-1994 identified using sediment cores from White Rock Lake Reservoir, Dallas, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:16","indexId":"70020260","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-quality trends in White Rock Creek Basin from 1912-1994 identified using sediment cores from White Rock Lake Reservoir, Dallas, Texas","docAbstract":"Historical trends in selected water-quality variables from 1912 to 1994 in White Rock Creek Basin were identified by dated sediment cores from White Rock Lake. White Rock Lake is a 4.4-km2 reservoir filled in 1912 and located on the north side of Dallas, Texas, with a drainage area of 259 km2. Agriculture dominated land use in White Rock Creek Basin before about 1950. By 1990, 72% of the basin was urban. Sediment cores were dated using cesium-137 and core lithology. Major element concentrations changed, and sedimentation rates and percentage of clay-sized particles in sediments decreased beginning in about 1952 in response to the change in land use. Lead concentrations, normalized with respect to aluminum, were six times larger in sediment deposited in about 1978 than in pre-1952 sediment. Following the introduction of unleaded gasoline in the 1970s, normalized lead concentrations in sediment declined and stabilized at about two and one-half times the pre-1952 level. Normalized zinc and arsenic concentrations increased 66 and 76%, respectively, from before 1952 to 1994. No organochlorine compounds were detected in sediments deposited prior to about 1940. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and DDE (a metabolite of DDT) increased rapidly beginning in the 1940s and peaked in the 1960s at 21 and 20 ??g kg-1, respectively, which is coincident with their peak use in the United States. Concentrations of both declined about an order of magnitude from the 1960s to the 1990s to 3.0 and 2.0 ??g kg-1, respectively. Chlordane and dieldrin concentrations increased during the 1970s and 1980s. The largest chlordane concentration was 8.0 ??g kg-1 and occurred in a sediment sample deposited in about 1990. The largest dieldrin concentration was 0.7 ??g kg-1 and occurred in the most recent sample deposited in the early 1990s. Agricultural use of chlordane and dieldrin was restricted in the 1970s; however, both were used as termiticides, and urban use of chlordane continued at least until 1990. Recent use of dieldrin and aldrin, which degrades to dieldrin, has not been reported; however, increasing trends in dieldrin since the 1970s suggest recent urban use could have occurred.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007923328851","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., and Callender, E., 1997, Water-quality trends in White Rock Creek Basin from 1912-1994 identified using sediment cores from White Rock Lake Reservoir, Dallas, Texas: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 2, p. 239-249, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923328851.","startPage":"239","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206882,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007923328851"},{"id":231086,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bce4fe4b08c986b32e326","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, P. C.","contributorId":92999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019820,"text":"70019820 - 1997 - Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T23:07:38.929072","indexId":"70019820","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1347::AID-HYP592>3.0.CO;2-R","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Freer, J., McDonnell, J., Beven, K., Brammer, D., Burns, D., Hooper, R.P., and Kendal, C., 1997, Hydrological processes - Letters: Topographic controls on subsurface storm flow at the hillslope scale for Two hydrologically distinct small catchments: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 9, p. 1347-1352, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9<1347::AID-HYP592>3.0.CO;2-R.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1352","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228061,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a36aee4b0c8380cd608f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freer, J.","contributorId":61975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freer","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonnell, J.","contributorId":61587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonnell","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beven, K.J.","contributorId":62759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beven","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brammer, D.","contributorId":63973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brammer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burns, D.","contributorId":91260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kendal, C.","contributorId":94055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70020159,"text":"70020159 - 1997 - El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:22:13.083855","indexId":"70020159","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework","docAbstract":"<p class=\"first\">The Eocene (42 to 41 Ma) El Salvador porphyry copper deposit in the Indio Muerto district, northern Chile (26° 15′ S Lat.), formerly thought to have formed at the culmination of a 9-m.y. period of episodic magmatism, is shown by new mapping, U-Pb and K-Ar geochronology, and petrologic data to have formed during the younger of two distinct but superposed magmatic events-a Paleocene (∼63 to 58 Ma) and an Eocene (44 to 41 Ma) event. In the district, high-K Paleocene volcano-plutonic activity was characterized by a variety of eruptive styles and magmatic compositions, including a collapse caldera associated with explosive rhyolitic magmatism (El Salvador trapdoor caldera), a post-collapse rhyolite dome field (Cerro Indio Muerto), and andesitic-trachyandesitic stratovolcanos (Kilometro Catorce-Los Amarillos sequence). Pre-caldera basement faults were reactivated during Paleocene volcanism as part of the collapse margin of the caldera. Beneath Cerro Indio Muerto, where the porphyry Cu deposit subsequently formed, the intersection of two major basement faults and the NNE-striking rotational axis of tilted ignimbrites of the Paleocene El Salvador caldera localized emplacement of post-collapse rhyolite domes and peripheral dikes and sills. Subsequent Eocene rhyolitic and granodioritic-dacitic porphyries intruded ~14 m.y. after cessation of Paleocene magmatism along the same NNE-striking structural belt through Cerro Indio Muerto as did the post-collapse Paleocene rhyolite domes. Eocene plutonism over a 3-m.y. period was contemporaneous with NW-SE-directed shortening associated with regional sinistral transpression along the Sierra Castillo fault, lying ∼10 km to the east. Older Eocene rhyolitic porphyries in the Indio Muerto district were emplaced between 44 and 43 Ma, and have a small uneconomic Cu center associated with a porphyry at Old Camp. The oldest granodioritic-dacitic porphyries also were emplaced at ∼44 to 43 Ma, but their petrogenetic relation to the rhyolitic porphyries and younger granodioritic-dacitic porphyries in the district is unclear. The main porphyry Cu-Mo-related granodioritic-dacitic stocks in Quebrada Turquesa on Cerro Indio Muerto intruded, cooled, and were mineralized within ∼1 m.y. between 42 and 41 Ma. Volumetrically minor late- to post-mineral porphyries are slightly more mafic than earlier granodioritic-dacitic porphyries, a compositional trend possibly repeated on several scales and more than once over the 3-million-year Eocene magmatic history of the Indio Muerto district. This compositional trend requires either addition of basaltic material into an open-system silicic magma chamber or tapping of progressively deeper levels of a vertically zoned magma chamber. Eocene porphyry magmas were more hydrous and their residual source mineralogy richer in garnet than the relatively anhydrous Paleocene rocks, whose source was rich in pyroxene. The presence of inherited zircons in Paleocene and Eocene rocks requires interaction with crustal rocks of Paleozoic and/or Proterozoic age.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/00206819709465258","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Cornejo, P., Tosdal, R., Mpodozis, C., Tomlinson, A., Rivera, O., and Fanning, C., 1997, El Salvador, Chile porphyry copper deposit revisited: Geologic and geochronologic framework: International Geology Review, v. 39, no. 1, p. 22-54, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206819709465258.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0880e4b0c8380cd51b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornejo, P.","contributorId":48333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornejo","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mpodozis, C.","contributorId":66869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mpodozis","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomlinson, A.J.","contributorId":79255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rivera, O.","contributorId":78102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fanning, C.M.","contributorId":82434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019986,"text":"70019986 - 1997 - A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-14T15:16:03.291956","indexId":"70019986","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2521,"text":"Journal of the American Medical Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake","docAbstract":"<div class=\"widget-ArticleFulltext widget-instance-AMA_Article_Abstract_Widget\"><div class=\"article-full-text\" data-userhasaccess=\"False\"><p><strong>Objective.</strong>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>—To describe a coccidioidomycosis outbreak in Ventura County following the January 1994 earthquake, centered in Northridge, Calif, and to identify factors that increased the risk for acquiring acute coccidioidomycosis infection.</span></p><p><strong>Design.</strong>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>—Epidemic investigation, population-based skin test survey, and casecontrol study.</span></p><p><strong>Setting.</strong>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>—Ventura County, California.</span></p><p><strong>Results.</strong>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>—In Ventura County, between January 24 and March 15, 1994, 203 outbreak-associated coccidioidomycosis cases, including 3 fatalities, were identified (attack rate [AR], 30 cases per 100 000 population). The majority of cases (56%) and the highest AR (114 per 100 000 population) occurred in the town of Simi Valley, a community located at the base of a mountain range that experienced numarous landslides associated with the earthquake. Disease onset for cases peaked 2 weeks after the earthquake. The AR was 2.8 times greater for persons 40 years of age and older than for younger persons (relative risk, 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-3.7;&nbsp;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Environmental data indicated that large dust clouds, generated by landslides following the earthquake and strong aftershocks in the Santa Susana Mountains north of Simi Valley, were dispersed into nearby valleys by northeast winds. Simi Valley case-control study data indicated that physically being in a dust cloud (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.4; P&lt;.001) and time spent in a dust cloud (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) significantly increased the risk for being diagnosed with acute coccidioidomycosis.</span></p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>—Both the location and timing of cases strongly suggest that the coccidioidomycosis outbreak in Ventura County was caused when arthrospores were spread in dust clouds generated by the earthquake. This is the first report of a coccidioidomycosis outbreak following an earthquake. Public and physician awareness, especially in endemic areas following similar dust cloud-generating events, may result in prevention and early recognition of acute coccidioidomycosis.</span></p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Medical Association","doi":"10.1001/jama.1997.03540350054033","issn":"00987484","usgsCitation":"Schneider, E., Hajjeh, R., Spiegel, R., Jibson, R., Harp, E.L., Marshall, G., Gunn, R., McNeil, M., Pinner, R., Baron, R., Burger, R., Hutwagner, L., Crump, C., Kaufman, L., Reef, S., Feldman, G., Pappagianis, D., and Werner, S., 1997, A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, Calif, earthquake: Journal of the American Medical Association, v. 277, no. 11, p. 904-908, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540350054033.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"904","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"277","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e347e4b0c8380cd45f2a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schneider, E.","contributorId":102169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hajjeh, R.A.","contributorId":82080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hajjeh","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiegel, R.A.","contributorId":21713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jibson, R.W.","contributorId":8467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jibson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Marshall, G.A.","contributorId":42615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gunn, R.A.","contributorId":37911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNeil, M.M.","contributorId":16998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Pinner, R.W.","contributorId":68052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinner","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baron, R.C.","contributorId":65624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Burger, R.C.","contributorId":54359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Hutwagner, L.C.","contributorId":38302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutwagner","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Crump, C.","contributorId":70946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crump","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kaufman, L.","contributorId":57994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Reef, S.E.","contributorId":49538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reef","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Feldman, G.M.","contributorId":48719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feldman","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Pappagianis, D.","contributorId":106662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pappagianis","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Werner, S.B.","contributorId":21301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}}
,{"id":70020021,"text":"70020021 - 1997 - Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70020021","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates","docAbstract":"A bottom simulating seismic reflection (BSR) that parallels the sea floor occurs worldwide on seismic profiles from outer continental margins. The BSR coincides with the base of the gas hydrate stability field and is commonly used as indicator of natural submarine gas hydrates. Despite the widespread assumption that the BSR marks the base of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, the occurrence and importance of low-velocity free gas in the sediments beneath the BSR has long been a subject of debate. This paper investigates the relative abundance of hydrate and free gas associated with the BSR by modeling the reflection coefficient or amplitude variation with offset (AVO) of the BSR at two separate sites, offshore Oregon and the Beaufort Sea. The models are based on multichannel seismic profiles, seismic velocity data from both sites and downhole log data from Oregon ODP Site 892. AVO studies of the BSR can determine whether free gas exists beneath the BSR if the saturation of gas hydrate above the BSR is less than approximately 30% of the pore volume. Gas hydrate saturation above the BSR can be roughly estimated from AVO studies, but the saturation of free gas beneath the BSR cannot be constrained from the seismic data alone. The AVO analyses at the two study locations indicate that the high amplitude BSR results primarily from free gas beneath the BSR. Hydrate concentrations above the BSR are calculated to be less than 10% of the pore volume for both locations studied.","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Andreassen, K., Hart, P., and MacKay, M., 1997, Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates, <i>in</i> Marine Geology, v. 137, no. 1-2, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X"},{"id":228034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd4846c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andreassen, K.","contributorId":102218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreassen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKay, M.","contributorId":98482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKay","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019423,"text":"70019423 - 1997 - Mapping of the Moon by Clementine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:42:44","indexId":"70019423","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping of the Moon by Clementine","docAbstract":"The \"faster, cheaper, better\" Clementine spacecraft mission mapped the Moon from February 19 to May 3, 1994. Global coverage was acquired in 11 spectral bandpasses from 415 to 2792 nm and at resolutions of 80-330 m/pixel; a thermal-infrared camera sampled ???20% of the surface; a high-resolution camera sampled selected areas (especially the polar regions); and a lidar altimeter mapped the large-scale topography up to latitudes of ??75??. The spacecraft was in a polar, elliptical orbit, 400-450 km periselene altitude. Periselene latitude was -28.5?? for the first month of mapping, then moved to +28.5??. NASA is supporting the archiving, systematic processing, and analysis of the ???1.8 million lunar images and other datasets. A new global positional network has been constructed from 43,000 images and ???0.5 million match points; new digital maps will facilitate future lunar exploration. In-flight calibrations now enable photometry to a high level of precision for the uv-visible CCD camera. Early science results include: (1) global models of topography, gravity, and crustal thicknesses; (2) new information on the topography and structure of multiring impact basins; (3) evidence suggestive of water ice in large permanent shadows near the south pole; (4) global mapping of iron abundances; and (5) new constraints on the Phanerozoic cratering rate of the Earth. Many additional results are expected following completion of calibration and systematic processing efforts. ?? 1997 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00365-7","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., and Robinson, M., 1997, Mapping of the Moon by Clementine: Advances in Space Research, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1523-1533, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00365-7.","startPage":"1523","endPage":"1533","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267871,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00365-7"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a506be4b0c8380cd6b6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019503,"text":"70019503 - 1997 - The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T06:37:55","indexId":"70019503","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infiltration and dispersion (including molecular diffusion) can transport volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urban air into shallow groundwater. The gasoline additive methyl-</span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether (MTBE) is of special interest because of its (1) current levels in some urban air, (2) strong partitioning from air into water, (3) resistance to degradation, (4) use as an octane-booster since the 1970s, (5) rapidly increasing use in the 1990s to reduce CO and O</span><sub>3</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in urban air, and (6) its frequent detection at low microgram per liter levels in shallow urban groundwater in Denver, New England, and elsewhere. Numerical simulations were conducted using a 1-D model domain set in medium sand (depth to water table = 5 m) to provide a test of whether MTBE and other atmospheric VOCs could move to shallow groundwater within the 10−15 y time frame over which MTBE has now been used in large amounts. Degradation and sorption were assumed negligible. In case 1 (no infiltration, steady atmospheric source), 10 y was not long enough to permit significant VOC movement by diffusion into shallow groundwater. Case 2 considered a steady atmospheric source plus 36 cm/y of net infiltration; groundwater at 2 m below the water table became nearly saturated with atmospheric levels of VOC within 5 y. Case 3 was similar to case 2, but considered the source to be seasonal, being “on” for only 5 of 12 months each year, as with the use of MTBE during the winter fuel-oxygenate season; groundwater at 2 m below the water table became equilibrated with<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>5</sup><span>/</span><sub>12</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of the “source-on” concentration within 5 y. Cases 4 and 5 added an evapotranspiration (ET) loss of 36 cm/y, resulting in no net recharge. Case 4 took the ET from the surface, and case 5 took the ET from the capillary fringe at a depth of 3.5 m. Net VOC mass transfer to shallow groundwater after 5 y was less for both cases 4 and 5 than for case 3. However, it was significantly greater for cases 4 and 5 than for case 1, even though cases 1, 4, and 5 were all no-net recharge cases. The mechanism responsible for this effect was the dispersion acting on each downward infiltration event, and also on the ET-induced flow. The ability of MTBE to reach groundwater in cases 2−5 is taken as evidence of the potential importance of urban air as a non-point source for VOCs in shallow urban groundwater. Two subcases were run for both case 4 and case 5:  subcase a (water and VOCs move with ET) and subcase b (water only moves with ET).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publication","doi":"10.1021/es970040b","usgsCitation":"Pankow, J.F., Thomson, N., Johnson, R.L., Baehr, A.L., and Zogorski, J., 1997, The urban atmosphere as a non-point source for the transport of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCS) to shallow groundwater: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2821-2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970040b.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2821","endPage":"2828","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb155e4b08c986b3252d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, N.R.","contributorId":51027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1014816,"text":"1014816 - 1997 - Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:39:50.681689","indexId":"1014816","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>The relationship between allozyme genotype and survival of nymphs of the mayfly Isonychia bicolor (Walker) when exposed to acute mercury concentrations was tested in laboratory experiments. The probability of survival and individual times-to-death were found to be significantly different among genotypes at the glucose phosphate isomerase locus, but not at the phosphoglucomutase locus. This pattern was consistent for both summer and winter temperatures and for populations from 2 separate, unpolluted streams. Subsequent field surveys were conducted to determine if results of these acute laboratory tests could be extrapolated to the more chronic, sublethal conditions present in the South River, Virginia. Genotypes identified as sensitive and tolerant in the laboratory experiments showed no consistent relationship with environmental mercury levels in the South River. In fact, one heterozygote identified as tolerant was found to be more frequent at the reference site than at contaminated sites, and no significant between-site differences were observed in the frequencies of the most sensitive genotype. Consequently, despite fitness differences to mercury exposure among allozyme variants, we were unable to attribute any between-site differences in genetic structure in I. bicolor populations to adaptation to mercury pollution.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468151","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., and Hendricks, A., 1997, Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 3, p. 651-663, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468151.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, A.C.","contributorId":24721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019580,"text":"70019580 - 1997 - Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T17:00:56","indexId":"70019580","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","docAbstract":"Soils contain a diverse and complex set of chemicals and minerals. Being an 'open system', both in the chemical and nuclear sense, soils have defied quantitative nuclear dating. However, based on the published studies of the cosmogenic atmospheric 10Be in soils, its relatively long half-life (1.5 Ma), and the fact that 10Be gets quickly incorporated in most soil minerals, this radionuclide appears to be potentially the most useful for soil dating. We therefore studied the natural variations in the specific activities of 10Be with respect to the isotope 9Be in mineral phases in eight profiles of diverse soils from temperate to tropical climatic regimes and evaluated the implications of the data for determining the time of formation of soil minerals, following an earlier suggestion [Lal et al., 1991. Development of cosmogenic nuclear methods for the study of soil erosion and formation rates. Current Sci. 61, 636-639.]. We find that the 10Be/9Be ratios in both bulk soils and in the authigenic mineral phases are confined within a narrower range than in 10Be concentrations. Also, the highest 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals are observed at the soil-rock interface as predicted by the model. We present model 10Be/9Be ages of the B-horizon and the corresponding soil formation rates for several soil profiles. The present study demonstrates that the 10Be/9Be ratios in the authigenic phases, e.g. clay and Fe-hydroxides, can indeed be used for obtaining useful model ages for soils younger than 10-15 Ma. However, the present work has to be pushed considerably further, to take into account more realistic age models in which, for instance, downward transport of 10Be and clays, and in-situ dissolution of clay minerals at depths, altering the 10Be/9Be ratios of the acidic solutions, are included. We show that in the case of younger soils (< 1 Ma) studied here, their 10Be inventories and 10Be/9Be ratios have been significantly disturbed possibly by mixing with transported soils. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Barg, E., Lal, D., Pavich, M., Caffee, M., and Southon, J.R., 1997, Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models: Chemical Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X"},{"id":228123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0cce4b0c8380cd4a903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barg, E.","contributorId":57222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barg","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, D.","contributorId":58791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southon, J. R.","contributorId":24895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019935,"text":"70019935 - 1997 - Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019935","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics","docAbstract":"The Gulf of the Farallones is located on a continental margin that is tectonically active and has experienced eustatic fluctuations of sea level throughout the Quaternary. Bathymetry of the Gulf suggests that it is different from the average continental shelf off California in that instead of a seafloor that slopes gently seaward from the shoreline to the shelf edge (dominantly west to southwest), much of the Gulf shelf slopes to the northwest, a direction that is subparallel to that of the adjacent mainland shoreline. Isobaths are oblique to shore-normal for much of the Gulf shelf as opposed to the more typical shore-parallel isobaths. This northwest trend is parallel to that of the offshore granitic outcrops, the Farallon Island ridge and Cordell Bank. 3.5 kHz shallow subsurface profiles show a regional unconformity (basal unconformity of this study) that truncates bedrock and typically is overlain by a very thin veneer (1-2 m or less) of acoustically transparent unconsolidated sediment. In places, the basal unconformity appears to be coincident with the seafloor. Where the basal unconformity is within 1-2 m of the seafloor, side-scan sonar reveals that either bedrock pierces the seafloor or numerous linear depressions dissect the shelf seafloor. Side-scan sonar shows that the central part of the study area is characterized by numerous linear depressions that are on the order of 1-3 m deep, several meters to 5 km in length, and from 250 m to 2 km in width. The only Holocene unconsolidated sediment in excess of 1-2 m that has accumulated on the Gulf shelf is located where the bedrock surface is topographically depressed. The topographic lows are situated south of the Point Reyes headland and southwest of the Golden Gate. The sediment deposits that overlie these lows attain thicknesses up to 15-20 m; however, their average thickness is less than 10 m. Structure contours on the basal unconformity surface, essentially the top of the bedrock platform, also show that it is topographically high at its southern end and low at its northern end; the slope of the platform is therefore to the northwest. The seafloor mimics the attitude of the bedrock platform owing to the lack of appreciable sediment cover and hence also slopes northwest. This accounts for the oblique to shore-normal orientation of isobaths in the Gulf and the northwestward slope of the seafloor. The results of this investigation suggest that eustatic sea level fluctuations in conjunction with local tectonics had a profound effect on the deposition, erosion, and preservation of sediment on the Gulf shelf throughout the Quaternary and that the shallow subsurface greatly influences many aspects of the present surficial morphology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Chin, J.L., Karl, H.A., and Maher, N., 1997, Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics: Marine Geology, v. 137, no. 3-4, p. 251-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6.","startPage":"251","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6"},{"id":227898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3fe4b08c986b318806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, J. L.","contributorId":13625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maher, N.M.","contributorId":25312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019417,"text":"70019417 - 1997 - Growth of a tectonic ridge during the Landers earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-19T12:10:54.583357","indexId":"70019417","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of a tectonic ridge during the Landers earthquake","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15577730\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The formation of tectonic ridges by localized vertical uplift along strike-slip faults has long been suspected, but the actual growth of a tectonic ridge during an earthquake has never been documented. During the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake sequence, an awl-shaped, dome-like topographic ridge along the Emerson fault zone increased its height at least 1 m concurrently with 3 m of right-lateral shift across the fault zone containing the ridge. Five deformation vectors within the ridge reveal dilatant behavior in addition to the uplift and shift on boundary faults.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0323:GOATRD>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Fleming, R.W., and Johnson, A., 1997, Growth of a tectonic ridge during the Landers earthquake: Geology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 323-326, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0323:GOATRD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2df7e4b0c8380cd5c1ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, R. W.","contributorId":89110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, A. M.","contributorId":48903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"A. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019159,"text":"70019159 - 1997 - The use and misuse of the fH2 sensors: A discussion of the paper by Dachs (1994)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:31:08.895709","indexId":"70019159","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The use and misuse of the f<sub>H2</sub> sensors: A discussion of the paper by Dachs (1994)","title":"The use and misuse of the fH2 sensors: A discussion of the paper by Dachs (1994)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s004100050310","usgsCitation":"Chou, I., 1997, The use and misuse of the fH2 sensors: A discussion of the paper by Dachs (1994): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 128, no. 2-3, p. 302-305, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004100050310.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226684,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb158e4b08c986b3252e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003017,"text":"1003017 - 1997 - Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:05:38.340632","indexId":"1003017","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydrogen peroxide is a drug of low regulatory priority status that is effective in treating fish and fish eggs infected by fungi. However, only limited information is available to guide fish culturists in administering hydrogen peroxide to diseased fish. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine (1) the sensitivity of brown trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo trutta</i><span>, lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>, fathead minnow&nbsp;</span><i>Pimephales promelas</i><span>, walleye&nbsp;</span><i>Stizostedion vitreum</i><span>, channel catfish&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus punctatus</i><span>, and bluegill&nbsp;</span><i>Lepomis machrochirus</i><span>&nbsp;to hydrogen peroxide treatments; (2) the sensitivity of various life stages of rainbow trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;to hydrogen peroxide treatments; and (3) the effect of water temperature on the acute toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to three fish species. Fish were exposed to hydrogen peroxide concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 μL/L (ppm) for 15‐min or 45‐min treatments every other day for four consecutive treatments to determine the sensitivity of various species and life stages of fish. Except for walleye, most species of fish tested (≤2 g) tolerated hydrogen peroxide of 1,000 μL/L or greater. Walleyes were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide concentrations as low as 100 μL/L. A correlation was found between the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide and the life stages of rainbow trout; larger fish were more sensitive. Generally, the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide increased for all species as water temperature increased. The results of these experiments demonstrate that it is important to consider the effects of species, life stage, and water temperature when conducting hydrogen peroxide treatments.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059%3C0041:EOSLSA%3E2.3.CO;2","issn":"00330779","usgsCitation":"Rach, J., Schreier, T.M., Howe, G., and Redman, S., 1997, Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 59, no. 1, p. 41-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059%3C0041:EOSLSA%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redman, S.D.","contributorId":108221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014559,"text":"1014559 - 1997 - Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:28","indexId":"1014559","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":968,"text":"Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera)","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-091/GSM","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., and Parker, C., 1997, Caddisflies from Greensville County, Virginia (Insecta: Trichoptera): Banisteria: A Journal Devoted to the Natural History of Virginia, v. 9, p. 17-32.","productDescription":"p. 17-32","startPage":"17","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132211,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, R.L.","contributorId":28778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, C.R.","contributorId":21892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045328,"text":"70045328 - 1997 - Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-05T10:47:51","indexId":"70045328","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images","docAbstract":"<p>Photographs and other images of the Earth taken from the air and from space show a great deal about the planet's landforms, vegetation, and resources. Aerial and satellite images, known as remotely sensed images, permit accurate mapping of land cover and make landscape features understandable on regional, continental, and even global scales. Transient phenomena, such as seasonal vegetation vigor and contaminant discharges, can be studied by comparing images acquired at different times.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which began using aerial photographs for mapping in the 1930's, archives photographs from its mapping projects and from those of some other Federal agencies. In addition, many images from such space programs as Landsat, begun in 1972, are held by the USGS. Most satellite scenes can be obtained only in digital form for use in computer-based image processing and geographic information systems, but in some cases are also available as photographic products.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045328","collaboration":"Archived Publication--Most of the information contained in this publication is no longer current and is not expected to be updated.","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997, Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images: General Information Product, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70045328.","productDescription":"HTML document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70045328.gif"},{"id":286864,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/AerialPhotos_SatImages/"},{"id":286865,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/AerialPhotos_SatImages/aerial.html"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653860e4b077fa94dadf5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}