Massachusetts Bay is a shallow (35 m average depth) semienclosed embayment, roughly 100 ?? 50 km, which opens into the Gulf of Maine at its eastern boundary. Surface waves associated with winter storm winds from the northeast cause large sediment resuspension events, and wave and circulation fields during these events have a quasi-steady response to the wind stress. Coupled wave, circulation, and boundary layer models indicate that wave-enhanced bottom friction has a significant damping effect on storm-driven circulation in Massachusetts Bay. The simulated response exhibits significant three-dimensional structure, but still can be fundamentally understood using idealized models. The depth-integrated momentum balance is dominated by along-bay stress, pressure gradient, and bottom stress. The effective bottom drag coefficient during typical storm conditions is increased by a factor of 2-5 when wave effects are included, but the mean bottom stress is relatively unaffected by wave effects due to a reduction in bottom currents by 30-50%. The vertical mixing is also relatively unaffected by the waves, and the result is that the increased drag causes a nearly depth-independent offset of the vertical current profiles. The alongshore transport in the bay is reduced 10-50%, depending on wind direction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1997)123:5(233)","issn":"0733950X","usgsCitation":"Signell, R.P., and List, J.H., 1997, Effect of wave-enhanced bottom friction on storm-driven circulation in Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, v. 123, no. 5, p. 233-239, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1997)123:5(233).","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"239","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Bay, Massachussetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.4111328125,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 41.40153558289846\n ],\n [\n -69.78515625,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -71.4111328125,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -71.4111328125,\n 41.40153558289846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a062ee4b0c8380cd51133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019106,"text":"70019106 - 1997 - Faulting of gas-hydrate-bearing marine sediments - contribution to permeability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T17:00:08","indexId":"70019106","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Faulting of gas-hydrate-bearing marine sediments - contribution to permeability","docAbstract":"Extensive faulting is observed in sediments containing high concentrations of methane hydrate off the southeastern coast of the United States. Faults that break the sea floor show evidence of both extension and shortening; mud diapirs are also present. The zone of recent faulting apparently extends from the ocean floor down to the base of gas-hydrate stability. We infer that the faulting resulted from excess pore pressure in gas trapped beneath the gas hydrate-beating layer and/or weakening and mobilization of sediments in the region just below the gas-hydrate stability zone. In addition to the zone of surface faults, we identified two buried zones of faulting, that may have similar origins. Subsurface faulted zones appear to act as gas traps.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 29th Annual Offshore Technology Conference, OTC. Part 2 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"5 May 1997 through 8 May 1997","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Offshore Technol Conf","publisherLocation":"Richardson, TX, United States","issn":"01603663","usgsCitation":"Dillon, W.P., Holbrook, W., Drury, R., Gettrust, J., Hutchinson, D., Booth, J., and Taylor, M., 1997, Faulting of gas-hydrate-bearing marine sediments - contribution to permeability, in Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, v. 1, Houston, TX, USA, 5 May 1997 through 8 May 1997.","startPage":"8296","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f25e4b0c8380cd537c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holbrook, W.S.","contributorId":84916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holbrook","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drury, Rebecca","contributorId":28384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drury","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gettrust, Joseph","contributorId":17775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettrust","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah","contributorId":97644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Booth, James","contributorId":37085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Booth","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Taylor, Michael","contributorId":36694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70019190,"text":"70019190 - 1997 - Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-22T16:43:03.655824","indexId":"70019190","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA","docAbstract":"An40Ar/39Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my was obtained on sanidine from a volcanic procellanite bed near the top of the 2135+m-thick Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation in the Lima Peaks area of southwestern Montana. This early Santonian age, combined with previously determined age data including a palynological age of Cenomanian for the lower Frontier at Lima Peaks, and a U-Pb isotopic date of about 95 Ma for the base of the Frontier Formation in the eastern Pioneer Mountains north of the Lima Peaks area, provides an age range for the nonmarine formation. In the Madison Range, farther east in southweastern Montana, this age range corresponds to marine strata of not only the Frontier Formation, but also the overlying Cody Shale and Telegraph Creek Formation, a sequence that totals less than 760 m thick.
The Upper Cretaceous marine formations of the Madison Range are closely zoned by molluscan faunas that are well constrained with radiometric dates. The40Ar/39Ar age of 85.81 Ma±0.22 my at Lima Peaks is bracketed by radiometric dates for the Scaphites depressus—Protexanites bourgeoisianus biozone and the overlying Clioscaphites saxitonianus—Inoceramus undulatopilcatus biozone of the Western Interior. Fossils of both of these biozones are present in the Cody Shale and the Telegraph Creek Formation in the Madison Range. The Telegraph Creek contains two units of volcanic ash that are approximate time equivalents of the volcanic procellanite of the Lima Peaks area. Clasts in the conglomerate of the upper part of the Frontier in the Lima Peaks area were shed during the initial stages of uplift of the Blacktail-Snowcrest Highlands which rose to the north. The dated porcellanite lies above the conglomerates and indicates that the uplift was initiated by middle or late Coniacian, 87–88 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/cres.1997.0079","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., Tysdal, R.G., Perry, W.J., Obradovich, J.D., Haley, J.C., and Nichols, D.J., 1997, Correlation of Upper Cretaceous strata from Lima Peaks area to Madison Range, southwestern Montana and southeastern Idaho, USA: Cretaceous Research, v. 18, no. 6, p. 751-766, https://doi.org/10.1006/cres.1997.0079.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"766","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226415,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -110.5,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc34e4b0c8380cd4e18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tysdal, R. G.","contributorId":8823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tysdal","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perry, W. J. Jr.","contributorId":64266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Obradovich, J. D.","contributorId":48966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obradovich","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haley, J. C.","contributorId":14873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haley","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019192,"text":"70019192 - 1997 - Shifting sources and transport paths for the late Quaternary Escanaba Trough sediment fill (northeast Pacific)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019192","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1832,"text":"Giornale di Geologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shifting sources and transport paths for the late Quaternary Escanaba Trough sediment fill (northeast Pacific)","docAbstract":"Escanaba Trough, which forms the southernmost part of the axial valley of the actively spreading Gorda Ridge, is filled with several hundred meters of sediment of presumed late Quaternary age. Surficial sediment samples from gravity cores, deeper samples (as much as 390 m) from Site 35 of the Deep Sea Drilling Program (Leg 5), and the acoustic character of the sediment fill observed on seismic-reflection profiles indicate that much of the sediment fill is of turbidite origin. Gross composition and heavy- mineral analyses of sand samples show that two distinct petrofacies comprise the sediment fill. The lower part of the fill was derived primarily from the Klamath River source of northern California while the younger fill, including the surficial sand beds, are from the Columbia River drainage much farther north. The Escanaba Trough sediment provides an opportunity to evaluate concepts for paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstructions that are based on facies analysis and compositional and textural data for the volcanic components because both intrabasinal and extrabasinal sources are present as well as coeval (neovolcanic) and non coeval (paleovolcanic) sourcre This study of a modern basin shows, that although the sediment sources could be identified, it was useful to have some knowledge of the sediment pathway(s), the effects of diagenesis, and the possible effects of sediment sorting as a result of long transport distances from the source area for some components. Application of these same techniques to ancient deposits without benefit of the additional parameters will face limitations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Giornale di Geologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00170291","usgsCitation":"Zuffa, G., De Rosa, R., and Normark, W.R., 1997, Shifting sources and transport paths for the late Quaternary Escanaba Trough sediment fill (northeast Pacific): Giornale di Geologia, v. 59, no. 1-2, p. 35-53.","startPage":"35","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e70e4b08c986b318936","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zuffa, G.G.","contributorId":40353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zuffa","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Rosa, R.","contributorId":12987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Rosa","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Normark, W. R.","contributorId":87137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Normark","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70196025,"text":"70196025 - 1997 - A history of lake-level fluctuations for Devils Lake, North Dakota, since the early 1800's","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:31:58","indexId":"70196025","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3168,"text":"Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A history of lake-level fluctuations for Devils Lake, North Dakota, since the early 1800's","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"North Dakota Academy of Science 89th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"April 24-25, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Grand Forks, ND","language":"English","publisher":"North Dakota Academy of Science","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., Lent, R.M., Rannie, W.F., and Vecchia, A.V., 1997, A history of lake-level fluctuations for Devils Lake, North Dakota, since the early 1800's: Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Science, v. 51, p. 34-39.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1a76e4b0da30c1bfd4ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rannie, W. F.","contributorId":203306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rannie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182057,"text":"70182057 - 1997 - Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T15:39:54","indexId":"70182057","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony","docAbstract":"We investigated factors affecting incubation time and metabolic rates of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggs incubated under constant environmental conditions. Time required to reach the star-pipped stage of hatch varied significantly among females, but not with laying sequence or egg size. Metabolic rate of eggs varied positively with position in the laying sequence and tended to vary among females. Metabolic rate did not vary with egg volume or incubation length. Our results indicate metabolic rate may act as one synchronization mechanism for hatch. The role of maternal effects in development time should be considered in subsequent studies of incubation time in ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370245","usgsCitation":"MacCluskie, M.C., Flint, P.L., and Sedinger, J.S., 1997, Variation in incubation periods and egg metabolism in mallards: Intrinsic mechanisms to promote hatch synchrony: The Condor, v. 99, p. 224-228, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370245.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"228","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol99/iss1/32","text":"External Repository"},{"id":335630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57704e4b057081a24ee6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacCluskie, Margaret C.","contributorId":50643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacCluskie","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020242,"text":"70020242 - 1997 - Hydraulic modeling of unsteady debris-flow surges with solid-fluid interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:18","indexId":"70020242","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydraulic modeling of unsteady debris-flow surges with solid-fluid interactions","docAbstract":"Interactions of solid and fluid constituents produce the unique style of motion that typifies debris flows. To simulate this motion, a new hydraulic model represents debris flows as deforming masses of granular solids variably liquefied by viscous pore fluid. The momentum equation of the model describes how internal and boundary forces change as coarse-grained surge heads dominated by grain-contact friction grade into muddy debris-flow bodies more strongly influenced by fluid viscosity and pressure. Scaling analysis reveals that pore-pressure variations can cause flow resistance in surge heads to surpass that in debris-flow bodies by orders of magnitude. Numerical solutions of the coupled momentum and continuity equations provide good predictions of unsteady, nonuniform motion of experimental debris flows from initiation through deposition.","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 1st International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment","conferenceDate":"7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 1997, Hydraulic modeling of unsteady debris-flow surges with solid-fluid interactions, in International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7 August 1997 through 9 August 1997, p. 550-561.","startPage":"550","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32f8e4b0c8380cd5ec02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019222,"text":"70019222 - 1997 - Accumulation and turnover of carbon in organic and mineral soils of the BOREAS northern study area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T15:28:20.29911","indexId":"70019222","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation and turnover of carbon in organic and mineral soils of the BOREAS northern study area","docAbstract":"Rates of input, accumulation, and turnover of C differ markedly within soil profiles and in soils with different drainage in the BOREAS northern study area. Soil C storage increases from ∼3 kg C m−2 in well-drained, sandy soils to greater than 100 kg C m−2 in wetlands. Two modes of C accumulation were observed in upland soil profiles. Large annual C inputs (0.06–0.1 kg C m−2 yr−1) and slow decomposition (turnover times of 6–250 years) lead to rapid C accumulation in regrowing surface moss and detrital layers following fire. Deep organic layers that have accumulated over the millennia since the initiation of soil development, and are located below the most recent charred horizon, show slower rates of input (0.015–0.03 kg C m−2 yr−1) and turnover (100–1600 years) and accumulate C about 10 times slower than surface detrital layers. Rates of C input to soils derived from C and 14C data were in accord with net primary production estimates, with highest rates of input (0.14–0.6 kg C m−2 yr−1) in wetlands. Turnover times for C in surface detrital layers were 6–15 years for well-drained sand soils that showed highest soil temperatures in summer, 30–40 years for wetlands, and 36–250 years for uplands with thick moss cover and black spruce trees. Long (>100 years) turnover times in upland black spruce/clay soils most likely reflect the influence of woody debris incorporated into detrital layers. Turnover times for deep organic and mineral layer C were controlled by drainage, with fastest turnover (80–130 years) in well-drained sand soils and slowest turnover (>3000 years) in wetlands. Total C accumulation rates, which account for C losses from both deep organic and surface detrital layers, are close to zero for sand/jack pine soils, 0.003–0.01 kg C m−2 yr−1 for moderately to poorly drained sites in mature forest stands, and 0.03 kg C m−2 yr−1 for a productive fen. Decomposition of organic matter more than several decades old accounts for 9–22% of total heterotrophic respiration at these sites. The rates of C accumulation derived here are decadal averages for specific stands and will vary as stands age or undergo disturbance. Extrapolation to larger regions and longer timescales, where burning offsets C gains in moss layers, will yield smaller rates of C storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JD02231","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Trumbore, S., and Harden, J., 1997, Accumulation and turnover of carbon in organic and mineral soils of the BOREAS northern study area: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 102, no. 24, p. 28817-28830, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD02231.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"28817","endPage":"28830","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd02231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e67ee4b0c8380cd4743c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trumbore, S.E.","contributorId":57879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trumbore","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harden, J.W. 0000-0002-6570-8259","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":38585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019224,"text":"70019224 - 1997 - Toward a comprehensive catalog of global historical seismicity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T12:18:22.789864","indexId":"70019224","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a comprehensive catalog of global historical seismicity","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) have initiated a project to locate more accurately all earthquakes recorded by instruments during the period 1900 to 1963. Seismicity for this period (hereafter referred to as historical seismicity, following Lee et al. [1988]) is still poorly understood, even for basic parameters such as earthquake locations (see Figure 1). In some cases this is the result of inherent limitations in the distribution, response characteristics, and timing of the instruments. However, locations for most of the pre-1964 earthquakes are poorly determined simply because modern data analysis techniques have yet to be applied to the available arrival-time observations, which are mainly preserved as printed bulletins and not in a computer-ready digital format. The arduous task of hand-entering these data has prevented the systematic analysis and relocation of historical seismicity.
We compared masses of definitive basic and alternate plumages of male Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) to evaluate the hypothesis that nutritional investments in basic and alternate plumages are related to the duration that plumages are worn and to assess the relative costs of prebasic and prealternate molts. Because these plumages are worn by males for approximately equal durations, we predicted that masses of the basic and alternate body plumages would be similar. To assess nutritional stress (demands greater than available resources) associated with molt, we examined the relation between remigial length and structural size and compared predicted and observed plum-age masses of Blue-winged Teal and other ducks. If birds were nutritionally challenged during remigial molt, then we predicted remigial length would be influenced by nutrition rather than size, and remigial length and size would be unrelated. Alternate body plumage of male Blue-winged Teal weighed about 10% more than the basic body plumage; however, masses of both plumages were less than that predicted on the basis of lean body mass. We argue that deviations between observed and predicted plumage masses were related to factors other than nutrition. Further, remigial lengths were significantly, albeit weakly, related to structural size. We therefore concluded that, although the potential for molt-induced stress may be greatest in small-bodied waterfowl species, there was no clear evidence that molting male Blue-winged Teal were nutritionally stressed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369965","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Hohman, W., Manley, S., and Richard, D., 1997, Relative costs of prebasic and prealternate molts for male blue-winged teal: Condor, v. 99, no. 2, p. 543-548, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369965.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369965","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.93952941894531,\n 29.707139348134145\n ],\n [\n -92.76718139648438,\n 29.63435225887697\n ],\n [\n -92.66487121582031,\n 29.596744868279103\n ],\n [\n -92.62298583984375,\n 29.58719155108433\n ],\n [\n -92.54058837890625,\n 29.57285987940701\n ],\n [\n -92.53715515136719,\n 29.577637329387468\n ],\n [\n -92.53028869628905,\n 29.651658880141365\n ],\n [\n -92.63053894042969,\n 29.68745623523309\n ],\n [\n -92.70332336425781,\n 29.69759650228319\n ],\n [\n -92.76718139648438,\n 29.717277628313493\n ],\n [\n -92.88597106933594,\n 29.74351312800087\n ],\n [\n -92.89009094238281,\n 29.71548859443817\n ],\n [\n -92.93952941894531,\n 29.707139348134145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa67ce4b0c8380cd84ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hohman, W.L.","contributorId":82638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hohman","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manley, S.W.","contributorId":13716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manley","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richard, D.","contributorId":10940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019231,"text":"70019231 - 1997 - Benthic boundary layer processes in the Lower Florida Keys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-14T15:30:31.407711","indexId":"70019231","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic boundary layer processes in the Lower Florida Keys","docAbstract":"This special issue of Geo-Marine Letters, \"Benthic Boundary Layer Processes in the Lower Florida Keys,\" includes 12 papers that present preliminary results from the Key West Campaign. The Dry Tortugas and Marquesas Keys test sites were selected by a group of 115 scientists and technicians to study benthic boundary layer processes in a carbonate environment controlled by bioturbation and biogeochemical processes. Major activities included remote sediment classification; high-frequency acoustic scattering experiments; sediment sampling for radiological, geotechnical, biological, biogeochemical, physical, and geoacoustic studies; and hydrodynamic studies using an instrumented tetrapod. All these data are being used to improve our understanding of the effects of environmental processes on sediment structure and behavior.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003670050032","usgsCitation":"Lavoie, D.L., Richardson, M.D., and Holmes, C., 1997, Benthic boundary layer processes in the Lower Florida Keys: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 17, no. 4, p. 232-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003670050032.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226326,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Dry Tortugas, Marquesas Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.86887794417834,\n 24.813884982383343\n ],\n [\n -83.1597001594551,\n 24.813884982383343\n ],\n [\n -83.1597001594551,\n 24.37971577423204\n ],\n [\n -81.86887794417834,\n 24.37971577423204\n ],\n [\n -81.86887794417834,\n 24.813884982383343\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0b3e4b0c8380cd4a87d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lavoie, D. L.","contributorId":46640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, M. D.","contributorId":88094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holmes, C.","contributorId":33067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019232,"text":"70019232 - 1997 - Coseismic deformation of the Wrights tunnel during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: A key to understanding 1906 fault slip and 1989 surface ruptures in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T14:14:44.121566","indexId":"70019232","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coseismic deformation of the Wrights tunnel during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: A key to understanding 1906 fault slip and 1989 surface ruptures in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains, California","docAbstract":"The Wrights tunnel is an abandoned railroad tunnel that crosses the San Andreas fault in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains in the vicinity of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The tunnel was damaged and deformed during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and a plot showing postearthquake measurements made in the tunnel is given by Lawson [1908]. The amount of offset shown on this plot (1.5 m) has been used in several studies as being representative of the amount of fault offset along this segment of the San Andreas fault in 1906. Our historical research shows that different observers reported different amounts of fault offset in the tunnel and that the 1.5 m given on the plot is not a surveyed measurement. In addition, the plot of the tunnel has been interpreted in several previous studies as evidence of a broad (1.5 km) zone of faulting beneath Summit Ridge. Our analysis shows that this plot need not indicate a broad zone of deformation. Our historical research and modeling of the tunnel measurements indicate that faulting was confined to a zone less than 400 m wide and that 60–85% of the coseismic slip occurred across a single fault plane. There is no evidence for offset across a second shear zone beneath Summit Ridge in 1906. This implies that surface fractures reported on Summit Ridge in 1906 were not associated with significant deformation of the tunnel, implying that they were shallow, surficial features. By analogy, the very similar fractures that occurred on Summit Ridge in 1989 were also probably the result of shallow gravitational, rather than deep-seated tectonic, processes. Our modeling also indicates that total coseismic, near-surface slip across the San Andreas fault zone in the Wrights tunnel in 1906 was at least 1.7–1.8 m.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB02934","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Prentice, C., and Ponti, D., 1997, Coseismic deformation of the Wrights tunnel during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake: A key to understanding 1906 fault slip and 1989 surface ruptures in the southern Santa Cruz Mountains, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B1, p. 635-648, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02934.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"635","endPage":"648","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb02934","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc5ce4b0c8380cd4e243","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prentice, C.S.","contributorId":56667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponti, D.J.","contributorId":94326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponti","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019102,"text":"70019102 - 1997 - Stressing of the New Madrid seismic zone by a lower crust detachment fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:11:35.878401","indexId":"70019102","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stressing of the New Madrid seismic zone by a lower crust detachment fault","docAbstract":"A new mechanical model for the cause of the New Madrid seismic zone in the central United States is analyzed. The model contains a subhorizontal detachment fault which is assumed to be near the domed top surface of locally thickened anomalous lower crust (“rift pillow”). Regional horizontal compression induces slip on the fault, and the slip creates a stress concentration in the upper crust above the rift pillow dome. In the coseismic stage of the model earthquake cycle, where the three largest magnitude 7–8 earthquakes in 1811–1812 are represented by a single model mainshock on a vertical northeast trending fault, the model mainshock has a moment equivalent to a magnitude 8 event. During the interseismic stage, corresponding to the present time, slip on the detachment fault exerts a right-lateral shear stress on the locked vertical fault whose failure produces the model mainshock. The sense of shear is generally consistent with the overall sense of slip of 1811–1812 and later earthquakes. Predicted rates of horizontal strain at the ground surface are about 10−7 year−1 and are comparable to some observed rates. The model implies that rift pillow geometry is a significant influence on the maximum possible earthquake magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02716","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W., Hildenbrand, T., and Simpson, R., 1997, Stressing of the New Madrid seismic zone by a lower crust detachment fault: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 12, p. 27623-27633, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02716.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27623","endPage":"27633","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480012,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02716","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226537,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b6fe4b08c986b31ceb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, W.D.","contributorId":65865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, R.W.","contributorId":76738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019555,"text":"70019555 - 1997 - A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-31T16:53:26.670103","indexId":"70019555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"We use numerical simulations of transonic flow through a crack to study the dynamics of the formation of shock waves downstream from a nozzle-like constriction inside the crack. The model solves the full set of Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions via an explicit multifield finite difference representation. The crack walls are assumed to be perfectly rigid, and elastic coupling to the solid is not considered. The simulations demonstrate how the behavior of unsteady shock waves near the walls can produce recurring step-like pressure transients in the flow, which in turn induce resonance of the fluid-filled crack. The motion of the shock waves is governed primarily by smooth, low-amplitude pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the crack. The force induced on the walls scales with the amplitude of the shock, which is a function of the magnitude of the inlet pressure, aperture of the constriction, and thickness of the boundary layer. The applied force also scales in proportion to the spatial extent of the shock excursion, which depends on the fluctuation rate of outlet pressure. Using the source parameters of long-period (LP) events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, as a guide for our simulations, we infer that coupling of the shock to the walls occurs for crack inlet to outlet pressure ratios pi/po>2.31 and that the position of the shock front becomes most sensitive to outlet pressure fluctuations for flow regimes with pi/po>2.48. For such regimes, fluctuations of outlet pressure of up to ±0.5 MPa at rates up to 3 MPa/s are sufficient to induce pressure transients with magnitudes up to 12.5 MPa over 0.1–2.5 m of the walls within ∼0.5 s. These flow parameters may be adequate for triggering the LP events in the precursory swarm to the December 14, 1989, eruption of Redoubt. According to the flow model the recurrence rate and amplitudes of L.P events are inferred to be a manifestation of the response of a shallow hydrothermal reservoir to the sustained injection of superheated steam from a magma column roofing below this reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB00023","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., and Chouet, B., 1997, A numerical investigation of choked flow dynamics and its application to the triggering mechanism of long-period events at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B4, p. 7965-7983, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00023.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"7965","endPage":"7983","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227711,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c8e4b0c8380cd4691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019687,"text":"70019687 - 1997 - A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-29T23:16:31.807351","indexId":"70019687","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"The National Park Service and the National Biological Service initiated research in Denali National Park and Preserve, a 2.4 million-hectare park in southcentral Alaska, to develop ecological monitoring protocols for national parks in the Arctic/Subarctic biogeographic area. We are focusing pilot studies on design questions, on scaling issues and regionalization, ecosystem structure and function, indicator selection and evaluation, and monitoring technologies. Rock Creek, a headwater stream near Denali headquarters, is the ecological scale for initial testing of a watershed ecosystem approach. Our conceptual model embraces principles of the hydrological cycle, hypotheses of global climate change, and biological interactions of organisms occupying intermediate, but poorly studied, positions in Alaskan food webs. The field approach includes hydrological and depositional considerations and a suite of integrated measures linking key aquatic and terrestrial biota, environmental variables, or defined ecological processes, in order to establish ecological conditions and detect, track, and understand mechanisms of environmental change. Our sampling activities include corresponding measures of physical, chemical, and biological attributes in four Rock Creek habitats believed characteristic of the greater system diversity of Denali. This paper gives examples of data sets, program integration and scaling, and research needs.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04106.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Thorsteinson, L., and Taylor, D., 1997, A watershed approach to ecosystem monitoring in Denali National Park and preserve, Alaska: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 4, p. 795-810, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04106.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e61ce4b0c8380cd4717d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorsteinson, L.K.","contributorId":100131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, D.L.","contributorId":50676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019508,"text":"70019508 - 1997 - Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T05:44:25","indexId":"70019508","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes","docAbstract":"Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.Brominated methanes are ozone-depleting compounds whose natural sources include marine algae such as kelp. Brominated methane degradation by bacteria was investigated to address whether bacterial processes might effect net emission of these compounds to the atmosphere. Bacteria in seawater collected from California kelp beds degraded CH2Br2 but not CHBr3. Specific inhibitors showed that methanotrophs and nitrifiers did not significantly contribute to CH2Br2 removal. A seawater enrichment culture oxidized 14CH2Br2 to 14CO2 as well as 14CH3Br to 14CO2. The rates of CH2Br2 degradation in laboratory experiments suggest that bacterial degradation of CH2Br2 in a kelp bed accounts for <1% of the CH2Br2 produced by the kelp. However, the half-life of CH2Br2 due to bacterial removal appears faster than hydrolysis and within an order of magnitude of volatilization to the atmosphere.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970165g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, K., Lidstrom, M., and Oremland, R., 1997, Marine bacterial degradation of brominated methanes: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 11, p. 3188-3192, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970165g.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3188","endPage":"3192","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205732,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970165g"},{"id":226472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a51cbe4b0c8380cd6bf3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, K.D.","contributorId":45472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194185,"text":"70194185 - 1997 - Characteristics of nesting areas used by San Clemente Island Sage Sparrows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-02T13:50:21.127189","indexId":"70194185","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics of nesting areas used by San Clemente Island Sage Sparrows","docAbstract":"I examined the nest habitat used by Sage Sparrows (Amphispiza belli clementeae) on San Clemente Island, one of the California Channel Islands, during March through June 1986. All nests were found in boxthorn shrubs in coastal scrub habitat. The cover of vegetation was greater and more evenly distributed at nest sites than in surrounding habitat. Nests were placed most often on the leeward side of live boxthorn shrubs interspersed by cactus.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1370243","usgsCitation":"Willey, D.W., 1997, Characteristics of nesting areas used by San Clemente Island Sage Sparrows: The Condor, v. 99, no. 1, p. 217-219, https://doi.org/10.2307/1370243.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1370243","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349033,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Clemente Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.7237548828125,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -118.29254150390624,\n 32.74570253945518\n ],\n [\n -118.29254150390624,\n 33.08463802391685\n ],\n [\n -118.7237548828125,\n 33.08463802391685\n ],\n [\n -118.7237548828125,\n 32.74570253945518\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61292fe4b06e28e9c25d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willey, David W.","contributorId":59724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willey","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162656,"text":"70162656 - 1997 - Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T13:46:15","indexId":"70162656","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","docAbstract":"Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth.This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fishbiomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of thefood web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage orother alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles andresult in detrimental stresses on fish production and the higher trophic levels dependent on this production. In this paper we model theseasonal pattern of fish production in a freshwater marsh, with specialreference to the Everglades/Big Cypress region of southern Florida.The model illustrates the temporal pattern of production through theyear, which can result in very high densities of fish at the end of ahydroperiod (period of flooding), aswell as the importance of ponds and other deep depressions, both as refugia and sinks during dry periods. The model predicts that: (1) there is an effective threshold in the length of the hydroperiod that must beexceeded for high fish-population densities to be produced, (2) large,piscivorous fishes do not appear tohave a major impact on smaller fishes in the marsh habitat, and (3) therecovery of small-fish populations in the marsh following a major droughtmay require up to a year. The last of these results is relevant toassessing anthropogenic impacts on marsh production, as these effectsmay increase the severity and frequency of droughts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008228706210","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Loftus, W., Trexler, J.C., and Ulanowicz, R.E., 1997, Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008228706210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cde4b07ca61bfea58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":2860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":48628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ulanowicz, Robert E.","contributorId":34879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulanowicz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019523,"text":"70019523 - 1997 - Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T16:07:15.636","indexId":"70019523","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate","docAbstract":"The Crofoot-Lewis deposit is an adularia-sericite-type (low-sulfidation) epithermal Au-Ag deposit, whose well-preserved paleosurface includes abundant opaline sinters, widespread and intense silicification, bedded hydrothermal eruption breccias, and a large zone of acid sulfate alteration. Radiogenic isotope ages indicate that the system was relatively long-lived, with hydrothermal activity starting around 4 Ma and extending, at least intermittently, for the next 3 m.y.Field evidence indicates that the surficial zone of acid sulfate alteration formed in a steam-heated environment within an active geothermal system. A drop in the water table enabled descending acid sulfate waters to leach Au and Ag from zones of low-grade disseminated mineralization, resulting in the redistribution and concentration of Au and Ag into ore-grade concentrations. These zones of secondary Au-Ag enrichment are associated with opal + alunite + kaolinite + montmorillonite + or - hematite and were deposited in open space fractures at, and within a few tens of meters below, the paleowater table.The stable isotope systematics of alunite and kaolinite in the steam-heated environment are relatively complex, due to variations in the residence time of aqueous SO 4 that formed from the oxidation of H 2 S prior to precipitation of alunite, and the susceptibility of fine-grained kaolinites to hydrogen isotope exchange with later waters. Most of the alunites are enriched in 34 S relative to early sulfide minerals, reflecting partial S isotope exchange between aqueous SO 4 and H 2 S. About half of the alunites give reasonable calculated delta 18 O (sub SO 4 -OH) temperatures for a steam-heated environment indicating O isotope equilibrium between aqueous SO 4 and water. The delta D (sub H 2 O) values of the hydrothermal fluids varied by almost 60 per rail over the life of the meteoric water-dominated system, suggesting significant climate changes.Mineralization is believed to have resulted from large-scale convection of meteoric water controlled largely by basin and range fractures and a high geothermal gradient with H 2 S for Au complexing derived from organic matter in basin sediments. A wet climate resulted in the formation of a large inland lake which provided abundant recharge water for the hydrothermal system. A fluctuating water table controlled by changing climatic conditions enabled steam-heated acid sulfate fluids to overprint lower grade mineralization resulting in ore-grade precious metal enrichment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.92.5.578","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Ebert, S.W., and Rye, R.O., 1997, Secondary precious metal enrichment by steam-heated fluids in the Crofoot-Lewis hot spring gold-silver deposit and relation to paleoclimate: Economic Geology, v. 92, no. 5, p. 578-600, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.5.578.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"578","endPage":"600","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8929e4b08c986b316d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebert, Shane W.","contributorId":57609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ebert","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019302,"text":"70019302 - 1997 - Environment of ore deposition in the creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Part V. Epithermal mineralization from fluid mixing in the OH vein","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-30T11:39:59","indexId":"70019302","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environment of ore deposition in the creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Part V. Epithermal mineralization from fluid mixing in the OH vein","docAbstract":"Detailed fluid inclusion studies on coarse-grained sphalerite from the OH vein, Creede, Colorado, have shown that the abrupt color changes between growth zones correspond to abrupt changes in the nature of the ore fluids. Within each growth zone, however, the composition of the fluids remained constant. The base of a distinctive orange-brown growth zone marks a sharp increase in both temperature and salinity relative to the preceding yellow-white zone. The orange-brown growth zone can be correlated along much of the vein and is believed to represent a time-stratigraphic interval. Along the vein, temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions within this interval show a systematic decrease from about 285??C and 11.5 wt percent NaCl equiv near the base of the vein to about 250??C and 8 wt percent NaCl equiv, respectively, near the top of the vein. The iron concentration of this sphalerite growth zone shows a similar pattern, decreasing from about 2.8 to 1.2 mole percent FeS. When plotted on an enthalpy-salinity diagram, the fluid inclusion data define a spatial trend indicating the progressive mixing of deeply circulating hydrothermal brines with overlying, dilute ground waters. The hydrothermal brines entered the OH vein from below at a temperature, salinity, and density of approximately 285??C, 11.5 wt percent NaCl equiv, and 860 kg/m3, respectively, whereas the overlying ground waters appear to have been preheated to roughly 150??C and had an assumed salinity of 0 wt percent and a density of 920 kg/m3. The greater density of the heated ground water promoted mixing with the hydrothermal brine within the open fractures, causing sphalerite deposition. Although there were also episodes of boiling during vein mineralization, boiling appears unimportant for this sphalerite. Isotopic evidence and geochemical modeling studies also indicate that mixing was the depositional mechanism for sphalerite. An important aspect of the mixing hydrology of the Creede system involves an aquitard overlying the OH vein. This low permeability zone restricted the flow of ground water into the vein from above and forced the upwelling hydrothermal fluids to flow laterally along the vein. The mixing environment thus occurred along the interface between a deeply circulating hydrothermal convection cell and a topographically driven shallow ground-water system.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.29","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Hayba, D., 1997, Environment of ore deposition in the creede mining district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: Part V. Epithermal mineralization from fluid mixing in the OH vein: Economic Geology, v. 92, no. 1, p. 29-44, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.1.29.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"44","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a098be4b0c8380cd51f75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayba, D.O. 0000-0003-4092-1894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":57850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019336,"text":"70019336 - 1997 - Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:45:22.378216","indexId":"70019336","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection and refraction and laboratory velocity data collected along a transect of northern Alaska (including the east edge of the Koyukuk basin, the Brooks Range, and the North Slope) yield a composite picture of the crustal and upper mantle structure of this Mesozoic and Cenozoic compressional orogen. The following observations are made: (1) Northern Alaska is underlain by nested tectonic wedges, most with northward vergence (i.e., with their tips pointed north). (2) High reflectivity throughout the crust above a basal decollement, which deepens southward from about 10 km depth beneath the northern front of the Brooks Range to about 30 km depth beneath the southern Brooks Range, is interpreted as structural complexity due to the presence of these tectonic wedges, or duplexes. (3) Low reflectivity throughout the crust below the decollement is interpreted as minimal deformation, which appears to involve chiefly bending of a relatively rigid plate consisting of the parautochthonous North Slope crust and a 10- to 15-km-thick section of mantle material. (4) This plate is interpreted as a southward verging tectonic wedge, with its tip in the lower crust or at the Moho beneath the southern Brooks Range. In this interpretation the middle and upper crust, or all of the crust, is detached in the southern Brooks Range by the tectonic wedge, or indentor: as a result, crust is uplifted and deformed above the wedge, and mantle is depressed and underthrust beneath this wedge. (5) Underthrusting has juxtaposed mantle of two different origins (and seismic velocities), giving rise to a prominent sub-Moho reflector.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03959","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Murphy, J., Lutter, W.J., Moore, T., Bird, K.J., and Christensen, N., 1997, Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20873-20896, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03959.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20873","endPage":"20896","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ae4b0c8380cd4eb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019189,"text":"70019189 - 1997 - Temporal variability in the hydrologic regimes of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70019189","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variability in the hydrologic regimes of the United States","docAbstract":"Discharge records where flows have not been subject to overt anthropogenic controls have been identified for over 1500 streamflow gauging stations throughout the United States in the US Geological Survey Hydro-Climatic Data Network. These stations fall within all 21 water resources regions of the United States. Analysis of runoff in 20 regions, where long-term daily records are available, shows an increasing trend in 16 regions. Further analysis using a stratified subset of 65 sites shows an increase in baseflow at approximately 90% of the sites during the past 50 years, regardless of the size of the drainage area. Because anthropogenic alterations of watershed characteristics cannot explain these hydrologic changes, then meteorological or climatic forces are implicated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, E., Landwehr, J., and Barker, A., 1997, Temporal variability in the hydrologic regimes of the United States: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 246, p. 97-103.","startPage":"97","endPage":"103","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"246","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba521e4b08c986b320828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, E. F.","contributorId":66666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, A.R.","contributorId":7972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}