{"pageNumber":"3667","pageRowStart":"91650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019939,"text":"70019939 - 1997 - <sup>14</sup>C ages and activity for the past 50 ka at Volcán Galeras, Colombia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T15:06:27","indexId":"70019939","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<sup>14</sup>C ages and activity for the past 50 ka at Volcán Galeras, Colombia","docAbstract":"<p>Volc&aacute;n Galeras is the southernmost Colombian volcano with well-recorded historic activity. The volcano is part of a large and complex volcanic center upon which 400,000 people live. Historic activity has centered on a small-volume cone inside the youngest of several large amphitheaters that breach the west flank of the volcano, away from the city of Pasto (population 300,000). Lava flows (SiO<sub>2</sub> between 54.6 and 64.7 wt.%) have dominated activity for more than 1 Ma, but explosive events have also occurred. Joint studies by volcanologists from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and the United States produced 24 new<sup>14</sup>C ages and more than 100 stratigraphic sections to interpret the past 50 ka of activity at Galeras, including sector collapse events. The youngest collapse event truncated 12.8 ka lava flows and may have occurred as recently as 8 to 10 ka. Tephra-fall material rapidly thins and becomes finer away from the vent area. The only widespread marker in the &lt; 10 ka section is a biotite-bearing tephra deposited between 4.1 and 4.5 ka from a source south of Galeras. It separates cryoturbated from largely undisturbed layers on Galeras, and thus dates a stratigraphic horizon which is useful in the interpretation of other volcanoes and geotectonics in the equatorial Andes. Pyroclastic flows during the past 50 ka have been small to moderate in volume, but they have left numerous thin deposits on the north and east flanks where lava flows have been impeded by crater and amphitheater walls. Many of the pyroclastic-flow deposits are lithic rich, with fines and clasts so strongly altered by hydrothermal action before eruption that they, as well as the sector collapse deposits, resemble waste dumps of leached cappings from disseminated sulfide deposits more than volcanogenic deposits. This evidence of a long-lived hydrothermal system indicates susceptibility to mass failure and explosive events higher than expected for a volcano built largely by lava flows and modest Vulcanian eruptions. Photographs, written accounts, and our study document historic north and east flank pyroclastic flows as far as 10 km from the summit; however, none have left recognizable deposits in Pasto for more than 40 ka.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00085-6","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Banks, N., Calvache, V., and Williams, S., 1997, <sup>14</sup>C ages and activity for the past 50 ka at Volcán Galeras, Colombia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 77, no. 1-4, p. 39-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(96)00085-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555c5eade4b0a92fa7eacbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calvache, V.M.L.","contributorId":28391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvache","given":"V.M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.N.","contributorId":15761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019934,"text":"70019934 - 1997 - Bottomland hardwood forests along the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T14:55:06.187657","indexId":"70019934","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottomland hardwood forests along the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests along the United States' Upper Mississippi River have been drastically reduced in acreage and repeatedly logged during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Conversion to agricultural land, timber harvesting, and river modifications for flood prevention and for navigation were the primary factors that caused the changes. Navigation structures and flood-prevention levees have altered the fluvial geomorphic dynamics of the river and floodplain system. Restoration and maintenance of the diversity, productivity, and natural regeneration dynamics of the bottomland hardwood forests under the modified river environment represent a major management challenge.","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","issn":"08858608","usgsCitation":"Yin, Y., Nelson, J., and Lubinski, S., 1997, Bottomland hardwood forests along the upper Mississippi River: Natural Areas Journal, v. 17, no. 2, p. 164-173.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911662"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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Y.","contributorId":106228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yin","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, J.C.","contributorId":102594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lubinski, S.J.","contributorId":83063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lubinski","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019660,"text":"70019660 - 1997 - Long-term watershed research and monitoring to understand ecosystem change in parks and equivalent reserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70019660","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term watershed research and monitoring to understand ecosystem change in parks and equivalent reserves","docAbstract":"Integrated watershed ecosystem studies in National Parks or equivalent reserves suggest that effects of external processes on 'protected' resources are subtle, chronic, and long-term. Ten years of data from National Park watersheds suggests that temperature and precipitation changes are linked to nitrogen levels in lakes and streams. We envision measurable biotic effects in these remote watersheds, if expected climate trends continue. The condition of natural resources within areas set aside for preservation are difficult to ascertain, but gaining this knowledge is the key to understanding ecosystem change and of processes operating among biotic and abiotic ecosystem components. There is increasing evidence that understanding the magnitude of variation within and between such processes can provide an early indication of environmental change and trends attributable to human-induced stress. The following four papers are case studies of how this concept has been implemented. These long-term studies have expanded our knowledge of ecosystem response to natural and human-induced stress. The existence of these sites with a commitment to gathering 'long-term' ecosystem-level data permits research activities aimed at testing more important hypotheses on ecosystem processes and structure.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Herrmann, R., 1997, Long-term watershed research and monitoring to understand ecosystem change in parks and equivalent reserves: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 4, p. 747-753.","startPage":"747","endPage":"753","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49b3e4b0c8380cd68802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herrmann, R.","contributorId":12640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrmann","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019659,"text":"70019659 - 1997 - Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T11:55:02","indexId":"70019659","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"<p>Techniques are described that define contiguous genetic subpopulations of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) based on the spatial dispersion of 4,749 individuals that possessed discrete character values (alleles or genotypes) during each of 6 years (1974-1979). White-tailed deer were not uniformly distributed in space, but exhibited considerable spatial genetic structuring. Significant non-random clusters of individuals were documented during each year based on specific alleles and genotypes at the Sdh locus. Considerable temporal variation was observed in the position and genetic composition of specific clusters, which reflected changes in allele frequency in small geographic areas. The position of clusters did not consistently correspond with traditional management boundaries based on major discontinuities in habitat (swamp versus upland) and hunt compartments that were defined by roads and streams. Spatio-temporal stability of observed genetic contiguous clusters was interpreted relative to method and intensity of harvest, movements, and breeding ecology.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1382933","issn":"00222372","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Smith, M.H., and Chesser, R.K., 1997, Spatial and temporal variability of microgeographic genetic structure in white-tailed deer: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 3, p. 744-755, https://doi.org/10.2307/1382933.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"744","endPage":"755","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479022,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1382933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9452e4b08c986b31a9e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":383476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Michael H.","contributorId":111664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019836,"text":"70019836 - 1997 - Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part II: Single-station estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:40:07.131778","indexId":"70019836","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part II: Single-station estimates","docAbstract":"<p>We develop simple relations to estimate dynamic displacement gradients (and hence the strains and rotations) during earthquakes in the lake-bed zone of the Valley of Mexico, where the presence of low-velocity, high-water content clays in the uppermost layers cause dramatic amplification of seismic waves and large strains. The study uses results from a companion article (Bodin<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i>, 1997) in which the data from an array at Roma, a lake-bed site, were analyzed to obtain displacement gradients. In this article, we find that the deformations at other lake-bed sites may differ from those at Roma by a factor of 2 to 3. More accurate estimates of the dominant components of the deformation at an individual instrumented lake-bed site may be obtained from the maximum horizontal velocity and displacement,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i><sub>max</sub>, at the surface. The maximum surface strain<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is related to<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>=<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ν</i><sub>max</sub>/<i>C</i>, with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>C</i><span>&nbsp;</span>∼ 0.6 km/sec. From the analysis of data from sites equipped with surface and borehole sensors, we find that the vertical gradient of peak horizontal displacement (Δ<i>u</i><sub>max</sub>/Δ<i>z</i>) computed from sensors at 0 and 30 m equals (<i>u</i><sub>max</sub>)<sub>z=0</sub>/Δ<i>z</i>, Δ<i>z</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 30 m, within a factor of 1.5. This is the largest gradient component, and the latter simple relation permits its estimation from surface records alone. The observed profiles of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>versus depth suggest a larger gradient in some depth range of 10 to 20 m, in agreement with synthetic calculations presented in Bodin<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(1997).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870030540","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Singh, S., Santoyo, M., Bodin, P., and Gomberg, J., 1997, Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part II: Single-station estimates: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 3, p. 540-550, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870030540.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"540","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              22.056586804438297\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90919510317728,\n              22.056586804438297\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90919510317728,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0424e4b0c8380cd507ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, S.K.","contributorId":104234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Santoyo, M.","contributorId":33073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santoyo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019620,"text":"70019620 - 1997 - The relationships of seabird assemblages to physical habitat features in Pacific equatorial waters during spring 1984-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70019620","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The relationships of seabird assemblages to physical habitat features in Pacific equatorial waters during spring 1984-1991","docAbstract":"The association of seabird species groups with physical habitat was investigated in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, far from any breeding colonies. This avoided birds that commute between colony and feeding habitat, behaviour that confuses associations with specific water types and current systems. Seabirds were counted on duplicate tracks in the eastern tropical Pacific each spring from 1984-1991. On each cruise, seabird habitat was measured on the basis of six factors and focused on three species groups: (A) black-winged petrel and white-winged petrel, (B) Juan Fernandez petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, and sooty tern, and (C) Leach's storm-petrel and wedge-rumped storm-petrel. Group A was associated with the South Equatorial Current, particularly in cooler waters (median of 26.4??C); both petrel species followed this assemblage association with current. Group B was associated with areas characterized by deep thermoclines (median of 60 m) and low salinities (median of 34.33). Within Group B, two of the three species' responses were consistent with the group pattern; Juan Fernandez petrel differed by occurring more often where thermocline slopes were steep (median of 9.8 deg C m-1). Group C was not associated with any physical habitat variable. This was due to species in the group being associated with different habitats: Leach's storm-petrel with the tropical and equatorial surface water masses and wedge-rumped storm-petrel with waters having shallower thermocline depths (median of 22 m). Overall, two of the three assemblages appeared to be associated with physical habitat during spring with consistency among the species in the group. An association with thermocline depth may indicate that productivity was an important predictor of assemblage presence.","largerWorkTitle":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jmsc.1997.0244","issn":"10543139","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., and Ainley, D., 1997, The relationships of seabird assemblages to physical habitat features in Pacific equatorial waters during spring 1984-1991, <i>in</i> ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 54, no. 4, p. 593-599, https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0244.","startPage":"593","endPage":"599","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487274,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0244","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":206044,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0244"},{"id":228048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf28e4b08c986b3245bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, C. A. 0000-0003-2583-1778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":6026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ainley, D. G.","contributorId":77870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ainley","given":"D. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019886,"text":"70019886 - 1997 - Breeding dispersal of Eastern Bluebirds depends on nesting success but not on removal of old nests: An experimental study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70019886","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding dispersal of Eastern Bluebirds depends on nesting success but not on removal of old nests: An experimental study","docAbstract":"One hypothesis to explain both within-and between-season breeding dispersal is that individuals move in response to degradation in the suitability and/or quality of their nesting sites. This hypothesis was experimentally examined by manipulating the suitability and/or quality of nesting boxes used by Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis) on one study site in upstate South Carolina. From 12 randomly assigned boxes, old nests, parasites, dead nestlings, old food or feces were not removed, as they were from 12 other randomly assigned boxes. There were 24 nesting attempts in cleaned boxes; 26 in not-cleaned boxes. Third brood nesting attempts occurred in only one of the cleaned boxes but in five of the not-cleaned boxes. Only 59% of individuals stayed to breed again within the season in not-cleaned boxes, whereas 72% stayed in cleaned boxes. Equal numbers of both males and females returned to breed in cleaned and not-cleaned boxes during the next breeding season, however. Both within-and between-season breeding dispersal is significantly more likely after unsuccessful nesting attempts than successful nesting attempts. There was no significant effect of cleaning or not cleaning nesting boxes on the chance of nesting attempts or the numbers of nestlings fledged from nesting boxes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"02738570","usgsCitation":"Gowaty, P., and Plissner, J., 1997, Breeding dispersal of Eastern Bluebirds depends on nesting success but not on removal of old nests: An experimental study: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 68, no. 3, p. 323-330.","startPage":"323","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f26ce4b0c8380cd4b17b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gowaty, P.A.","contributorId":70655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gowaty","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plissner, J.H.","contributorId":65336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plissner","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019619,"text":"70019619 - 1997 - Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T15:04:01","indexId":"70019619","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3046,"text":"Philosophical Magazine A: Physics of Condensed Matter, Structure, Defects and Mechanical Properties","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II","docAbstract":"<p>The preferred crystallographic orientation developed during the ice I &larr; II transformation and during the plastic flow of ice II was measured in polycrystalline deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) specimens using low-temperature neutron diffraction. Samples partially transformed from ice I to II under a non-hydrostatic stress developed a preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice II. Samples of pure ice II transformed from ice I under a hydrostatic stress and then when compressed axially, developed a strong preferred orientation of compression axes parallel to (10<span class=\"overline\">1</span>0). A match to the observed preferred orientation using the viscoplastic self-consistent theory was obtained only when (10<span class=\"overline\">1</span>0) [0001] was taken as the predominant slip system in ice II.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01418619708209983","issn":"01418610","usgsCitation":"Bennett, K., Wenk, H., Durham, W., Stern, L., and Kirby, S.H., 1997, Preferred crystallographic orientation in the ice I ← II transformation and the flow of ice II: Philosophical Magazine A: Physics of Condensed Matter, Structure, Defects and Mechanical Properties, v. 76, no. 2, p. 413-435, https://doi.org/10.1080/01418619708209983.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"435","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8220e4b0c8380cd7b90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, K.","contributorId":61186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenk, H.-R.","contributorId":47921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenk","given":"H.-R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durham, W.B.","contributorId":72135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durham","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, L.A.","contributorId":38293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirby, S. H.","contributorId":51721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"S.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019881,"text":"70019881 - 1997 - Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:15:10","indexId":"70019881","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97EO00097","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Flueh, E., Fisher, M., Scholl, D., Parsons, T., ten Brink, U., Klaeschen, D., Kukowski, N., Trehu, A., Childs, J., Bialas, J., and Vidal, N., 1997, Scientific teams analyze earthquake hazards of the cascadia subduction zone: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 78, no. 15, p. 153-157, https://doi.org/10.1029/97EO00097.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"157","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97eo00097","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295340,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97EO00097"}],"volume":"78","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b878de4b08c986b31654f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flueh, E.","contributorId":55591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flueh","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, M.","contributorId":66627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, D.","contributorId":55165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parsons, T.","contributorId":48288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klaeschen, D.","contributorId":88895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaeschen","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kukowski, Nina","contributorId":94056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kukowski","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trehu, A.","contributorId":28372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Childs, J.","contributorId":74155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childs","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bialas, J.","contributorId":19315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bialas","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Vidal, N.","contributorId":43514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidal","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70019879,"text":"70019879 - 1997 - Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:45:46","indexId":"70019879","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Passaic Formation consists of gradational sequences of mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone, and is a principal aquifer in central New Jersey. Ground‐water flow is primarily controlled by fractures interspersed throughout these sedimentary rocks and characterizing these fractures in terms of type, orientation, spatial distribution, frequency, and transmissivity is fundamental towards understanding local fluid‐transport processes. To obtain this information, a comprehensive suite of geophysical logs was collected in 10 wells roughly 46 m in depth and located within a .05 km<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>area in Hopewell Township, New Jersey. A seemingly complex, heterogeneous network of fractures identified with an acoustic televiewer was statistically reduced to two principal subsets corresponding to two distinct fracture types: (1) bedding‐plane partings and (2) high‐angle fractures. Bedding‐plane partings are the most numerous and have an average strike of N84°W and dip of 20° N. The high‐angle fractures are oriented subparallel to these features, with an average strike of N79° E and dip of 71° S, making the two fracture types roughly orthogonal. Their intersections form linear features that also retain this approximately east‐west strike. Inspection of fluid temperature and conductance logs in conjunction with flow meter measurements obtained during pumping allows the transmissive fractures to be distinguished from the general fracture population. These results show that, within the resolution capabilities of the logging tools, approximately 51 (or 18 percent) of the 280 total fractures are water producing. The bedding‐plane partings exhibit transmissivities that average roughly 5 m<sup>2</sup>/day and that generally diminish in magnitude and frequency with depth. The high‐angle fractures have average transmissivities that are about half those of the bedding‐plane partings and show no apparent dependence upon depth. The geophysical logging results allow us to infer a distinct hydrogeologic structure within this aquifer that is defined by fracture type and orientation. Fluid flow near the surface is controlled primarily by the highly transmissive, subhorizontal bedding‐plane partings. As depth increases, the high‐angle fractures apparently become more dominant hydrologically.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00090.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., Carleton, G., and Poirier, S., 1997, Fractured-aquifer hydrogeology from geophysical logs; the passaic formation, New Jersey: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 2, p. 328-338, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00090.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"328","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13b6e4b0c8380cd5475b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, R. H.","contributorId":31794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, G.B.","contributorId":107729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poirier, S.","contributorId":53109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poirier","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019741,"text":"70019741 - 1997 - Agricultural chemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: Relations to land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:27:21","indexId":"70019741","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural chemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: Relations to land use","docAbstract":"<p><span>To determine the relations between land use and concentrations of selected agricultural chemicals (nitrate, atrazine residue [atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) + deethylatrazinc (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) + deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine)], and alachlor residue [alachlor, [2-chloro-2&prime;,6&prime;-diethyl-</span><i>N</i><span>-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] + alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (alachlor-ESA; 2-[(2,6-diethylphenyl)(methoxymethyl)amino]-2-oxoethanesulfonic acid)] in groundwater, detailed land use information based on accurate measurements from aerial photographs for the 1991 growing season was obtained within a 2-km radius surrounding 100 wells completed in near-surface unconsolidated aquifers in the midwestern USA. The most significant land use factors to the agricultural chemicals examined were: nitrate (amount of irrigated crop production, positive relation), atrazine residue (amount of irrigated crop production, positive relation), and alachlor residue (amount of highly erodible land, inverse relation). The investigation of smaller buffer sizes (size of circular area around sampled wells) proved insightful for this study. Additional land use factors having significant relations to all three agricultural chemicals were identified using these smaller buffer radii. The most significant correlations (correlation maxima) generally occurred at &le;500-m for nitrate and &ge;1000-m for atrazine residue and alachlor residue. An attempt to improve the statistical relations to land use by taking hydrologic considerations into account (removing land outside the estimated most probable recharge area from the statistical analysis) was not as successful as anticipated. Only 45% of the nitrate, 32% of the atrazine residue, and 20% of the alachlor residue correlations were improved by a consideration of the estimated most probable recharge area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040014x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., 1997, Agricultural chemicals in groundwater of the midwestern United States: Relations to land use: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 26, no. 4, p. 1025-1037, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600040014x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1025","endPage":"1037","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e912e4b0c8380cd48096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020044,"text":"70020044 - 1997 - Geologic and climatic controls on the radon emanation coefficient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020044","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic and climatic controls on the radon emanation coefficient","docAbstract":"Geologic, pedologic, and climatic factors, including radium content, grain size, siting of radon parents within soil grains or on grain coatings, and soil moisture conditions, determine a soil's emanating power and radon transport characteristics. Data from field studies indicate that soils derived from similar parent rocks in different regions have significantly different emanation coefficients due to the effects of climate on these soil characteristics. An important tool for measuring radon source strength (i.e., radium content) is ground-based and aerial gamma radioactivity measurements. Regional correlations between soil radium content, determined by gamma spectrometry, and soil-gas or indoor radon concentrations can be traced to the influence of climatic and geologic factors on intrinsic permeability and radon emanation coefficients. Data on soil radium content, permeability, and moisture content, when combined with data on emanation coefficients, can form a framework for development of quantitative predictive models for radon generation in rocks and soils.","largerWorkTitle":"Environment International","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 6th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment, NRE","conferenceDate":"5 June 1995 through 9 June 1995","conferenceLocation":"Montreal, Can","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00144-4","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Schumann, R., and Gundersen, L., 1997, Geologic and climatic controls on the radon emanation coefficient, <i>in</i> Environment International, v. 22, no. SUPPL. 1, Montreal, Can, 5 June 1995 through 9 June 1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00144-4.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499893,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba221562d3d04f2f9bc740230b01076f","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205980,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00144-4"},{"id":227746,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a18d7e4b0c8380cd5581b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hopke P.K.","contributorId":128435,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hopke P.K.","id":536459,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schumann, R.R.","contributorId":14429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gundersen, L.C.S.","contributorId":24501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"L.C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020043,"text":"70020043 - 1997 - Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020043","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling","docAbstract":"Two semi-implicit, one-dimensional, finite-difference hydrodynamic models are described and evaluated with the aid of a numerical example. The three-time-level scheme is the more promising method for implementation in an efficient three-dimensional transient code.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 27th Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR. Part D","conferenceDate":"10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., and Larock, B., 1997, Semi-implicit, numerical schemes for 3-D flow modeling, <i>in</i> Proceedings, Congress of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, v. B pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 10 August 1997 through 15 August 1997, p. 773-778.","startPage":"773","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"B pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d05e4b08c986b31822b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larock, B.E.","contributorId":82854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larock","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020046,"text":"70020046 - 1997 - Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020046","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Long-term changes in concentrations of available Ca in soils of red spruce forests have been documented, but remaining questions about the magnitude and regional extent of these changes have precluded an assessment of the current and future status of soil Ca. To address this problem, soil samples were collected in 1992-93 from 12 sites in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine to provide additional data necessary to synthesize all available research results on soil Ca in red spruce forests. Sites were chosen to encompass the range of environmental conditions experienced by red spruce. Concentrations of exchangeable Ca ranged from 2.13 to 21.6 cmol(c) kg-1 in the Oa horizon, and from 0.11 to 0.68 cmol(c) kg-1 in the upper 10 cm of the B horizon. These measurements expanded the range of exchangeable Ca reported in the literature for both horizons in northeastern red spruce forests. Exchangeable Ca was the largest Ca fraction in the forest floor at most sites (92% of acid-extractable Ca), but mineral Ca was the largest fraction at the three sites that also had the highest mineral-matter concentrations. The primary factor causing variability in Ca concentrations among sites was the mineralogy of parent material, but exchangeable concentrations in the B horizon of all sites were probably reduced by acidic deposition. Because the majority of Ca in the forest floor is in a readily leachable form, and Ca inputs to the forest floor from the mineral soil and atmospheric deposition have been decreasing in recent decades, the previously documented decreases in Ca concentrations in the forest floor over previous decades may extend into the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1005790130253","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., David, M., Bailey, S., and Shortle, W., 1997, Assessment of soil calcium status in red spruce forests in the northeastern United States: Biogeochemistry, v. 38, no. 1, p. 19-39, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005790130253.","startPage":"19","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205989,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005790130253"},{"id":227783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ee56e4b0c8380cd49ce8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, S.W.","contributorId":29113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shortle, W.C.","contributorId":20919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortle","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020041,"text":"70020041 - 1997 - Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020041","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism","docAbstract":"Recalibration of Mariner 10 color image data allows the identification of distinct color units on the mercurian surface. We analyze these data in terms of opaque mineral abundance, iron content, and soil maturity and find color units consistent with the presence of volcanic deposits on Mercury's surface. Additionally, materials associated with some impact craters have been excavated from a layer interpreted to be deficient in opaque minerals within the crust, possibly analogous to the lunar anorthosite crust. These observations suggest that Mercury has undergone complex differentiation like the other terrestrial planets and the Earth's moon.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.275.5297.197","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Robinson, M., and Lucey, P.G., 1997, Recalibrated mariner 10 color mosaics: Implications for mercurian volcanism: Science, v. 275, no. 5297, p. 197-200, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5297.197.","startPage":"197","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205979,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5297.197"},{"id":227743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"275","issue":"5297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a95c9e4b0c8380cd81c27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, M.S.","contributorId":34934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucey, P. G.","contributorId":72532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lucey","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019743,"text":"70019743 - 1997 - Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-13T12:40:00","indexId":"70019743","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Following an oil spill off St Paul Island, Alaska in February 1996, persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider (Somateria spectabilis) carcasses were estimated using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. Carcass persistence rates varied by day, beach type and sex, while detection probabilities varied by day and beach type. Scavenging, wave action and weather influenced carcass persistence. The patterns of persistence differed on rock and sand beaches and female carcasses had a different persistence function than males. Weather, primarily snow storms, and degree of carcass scavenging, diminished carcass detectability. Detection probabilities on rock beaches were lower and more variable than on sand beaches. The combination of persistence rates and detection probabilities can be used to improve techniques of estimating total mortality.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Fowler, A.C., and Flint, P.L., 1997, Persistence rates and detection probabilities of oiled king eider carcasses on St Paul Island, Alaska: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 34, no. 7, p. 522-526, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1.","startPage":"522","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(96)00153-1"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a76f2e4b0c8380cd783aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, A. C.","contributorId":95836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020052,"text":"70020052 - 1997 - Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:30:57","indexId":"70020052","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests","docAbstract":"Single-well injection/recovery tracer tests are considered for use in characterizing and quantifying matrix diffusion in dual-porosity aquifers. Numerical modeling indicates that neither regional drift in homogeneous aquifers, nor heterogeneity in aquifers having no regional drift, nor hydrodynamic dispersion significantly affects these tests. However, when drift is coupled simultaneously with heterogeneity, they can have significant confounding effects on tracer return. This synergistic effect of drift and heterogeneity may help explain irreversible flow and inconsistent results sometimes encountered in previous single-well injection/recovery tracer tests. Numerical results indicate that in a hypothetical single-well injection/recovery tracer test designed to demonstrate and measure dual-porosity characteristics in a fractured dolomite, the simultaneous effects of drift and heterogeneity sometimes yields responses similar to those anticipated in a homogeneous dual-porosity formation. In these cases, tracer recovery could provide a false indication of the occurrence of matrix diffusion. Shortening the shut-in period between injection and recovery periods may make the test less sensitive to drift. Using multiple tracers having different diffusion characteristics, multiple tests having different pumping schedules, and testing the formation at more than one location would decrease the ambiguity in the interpretation of test data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Lessoff, S., and Konikow, L.F., 1997, Ambiguity in measuring matrix diffusion with single-well injection/recovery tracer tests: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 1, p. 166-176, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00072.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"176","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9aee4b0c8380cd483a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lessoff, S.C.","contributorId":68051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lessoff","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020053,"text":"70020053 - 1997 - Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020053","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2610,"text":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977","docAbstract":"Geophysics research and development (R&D) was a small research group at Kennecott Inc. (KEI), a subsidiary of Kennecott Copper Corporation. The research group served Geophysics-Operations, which in turn worked for another subsidiary, Bear Creek Mining Company (BCMC). BCMC did Kennecott's exploration work such as reconnaissance mapping, staking and proving up claims, and assessment drilling. The working environment at Geophysics R&D included emphasis on instrument development and being strongly field oriented; having entrepreneurial leaders engaged in technical work; interaction between R&D and its `customer', the Operations group and; emphasis on lowering costs and increasing production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Exploration Geophysicists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK, United States","doi":"10.1190/1.1437648","issn":"1070485X","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., 1997, Induced polarization research at Kennecott, 1965-1977: Leading Edge (Tulsa, OK), v. 16, no. 1, p. 29-33, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437648.","startPage":"29","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206022,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1437648"},{"id":227907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3aa9e4b0c8380cd61e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020055,"text":"70020055 - 1997 - Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020055","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3089,"text":"Plant and Soil","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Forest trees are constantly exposed to various types of natural and anthropogenic stressors. A major long-term goal of our research is to develop a set of early physiological and biochemical markers of stress in trees before the appearance of visual symptoms. Six red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stands from the northeastern United States were selected for collection of soil and foliage samples. All of the chosen sites had soil solution pH values below 4.0 in the Oa horizon but varied in their geochemistry. Some of these sites were apparently under some form of environmental stress as indicated by a large number of dead and dying red spruce trees. Samples of soil and needles (from apparently healthy red spruce trees) were collected from these sites four times during a two-year period. The needles were analyzed for perchloric acid-soluble polyamines and exchangeable inorganic ions. Soil and soil solution samples from the Oa and B horizons were analyzed for their exchange chemistry. The data showed a strong positive correlation between Ca and Mg concentrations in the needles and in the Oa horizon of the soil. However, needles from trees growing on relatively Ca-rich soils with a low exchangeable Al concentration and a low Al:Ca soil solution ratio had significantly lower concentrations of putrescine and spermidine than those growing on Ca-poor soils with a high exchangeable Al concentration and a high Al:Ca soil solution in the Oa horizon. The magnitude of this change was several fold higher for putrescine concentrations than for spermidine concentrations. Neither putrescine nor spermidine were correlated with soil solution Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations in the B horizon. The putrescine concentrations of the needles always correlated significantly with exchangeable Al (r2=0.73, p???0.05) and still solution Al:Ca ratios (r2=0.91, p???0.01) of the Oa horizon. This suggests that in conjunction with soil chemistry, putrescine and/or spermidine may be used as a potential early indicator of Al stress before the appearance of visual symptoms in red spruce trees.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant and Soil","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1004293523185","issn":"0032079X","usgsCitation":"Minocha, R., Shortle, W., Lawrence, G., David, M., and Minocha, S., 1997, Relationships among foliar chemistry, foliar polyamines, and soil chemistry in red spruce trees growing across the northeastern United States: Plant and Soil, v. 191, no. 1, p. 109-122, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004293523185.","startPage":"109","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206026,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004293523185"},{"id":227951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"191","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a787e4b0e8fec6cdc4c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minocha, R.","contributorId":63972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minocha","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shortle, W.C.","contributorId":20919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shortle","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Minocha, S.C.","contributorId":76894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minocha","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70020057,"text":"70020057 - 1997 - Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:17:55.205709","indexId":"70020057","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts","docAbstract":"<p id=\"simple-para0005\">Hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts incorporate elements from ambient seawater during their growth on seamounts. By analysing Nd, Pb and Be isotope profiles within crusts it is possible to reconstruct seawater tracer histories.</p><p id=\"simple-para0010\">Depth profiles of<span>&nbsp;</span><i><sup>10</sup>Be/<sup>9</sup>Be</i><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios in three Pacific ferromanganese crusts have been used to obtain growth rates which are between 1.4 and 3.8 mm/Ma. Nd and Pb isotopes provide intact records of isotopic variations in Pacific seawater over the last 20 Ma or more. There were only small changes in Pb isotope composition in the last 20 Ma. This indicates a constant Pb composition for the erosional sources and suggests further that erosional Nd inputs may have been uniform too.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>values vary considerably with time and most probably reflect changes in ocean circulation. The<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>values of the crusts not only vary as a function of age but also as a function of water depth. From 25 to 0 Ma, crust<span>&nbsp;</span><i>VA13/2</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from 4.8 km water depth has a similar pattern of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>variation to the two shallower crusts from 1.8 and 2.3 km, but about 1.0 to 1.5 units more negative. This suggests that<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>stratification in Pacific seawater, as demonstrated for the present day, has been maintained for at least 20 Ma. Each crust shows a decrease in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>from 3–5 Ma to the present, which is interpreted in terms of an increase in the NADW component present in the Pacific. From 10 to 3–5 Ma ago the crusts show an increase in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i>. This suggests a decreasing role for a deep water source with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ε<sub>Nd</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>less than circum-Pacific sources. In this regard the Panamanian gateway restriction from ∼ 10 Ma with final closure at 3–5 Ma may have played an important role in reducing access of Atlantic-derived Nd to the Pacific.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00224-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Ling, H., Burton, K., O’Nions, R.K., Kamber, B., Von Blanckenburg, F., Gibb, A., and Hein, J., 1997, Evolution of Nd and Pb isotopes in Central Pacific seawater from ferromanganese crusts: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 146, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00224-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227953,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"146","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d79e4b0c8380cd5303d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ling, H.F.","contributorId":49944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"H.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, K.W.","contributorId":101399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Nions, R. K.","contributorId":29138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Nions","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kamber, B.S.","contributorId":62354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kamber","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Von Blanckenburg, F.","contributorId":6199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Blanckenburg","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibb, A.J.","contributorId":43510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibb","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70188323,"text":"70188323 - 1997 - Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-06T11:13:20","indexId":"70188323","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conjunctive Use of Water Resources: Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Proceedings of the AWRA Symposium: TPS-97-2","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.A., Anders, R., Bohlke, J., Michel, R.L., and Metge, D.W., 1997, Water quality at production wells near artificial-recharge basins in Montebello Forebay, Los Angeles County, <i>in</i> Conjunctive Use of Water Resources: Aquifer Storage and Recovery, Proceedings of the AWRA Symposium: TPS-97-2, p. 273-284.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5937bf32e4b0f6c2d0d9c7ca","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kendall, D. R.","contributorId":192639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kendall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697220,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, R. A.","contributorId":15554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anders, R.","contributorId":74174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anders","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019740,"text":"70019740 - 1997 - Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70019740","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation","docAbstract":"Bioremediation is being used or proposed as a treatment option at many hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. One such site is a former bulk-fuel storage facility near Barrow, AK, where contamination persists after approximately 380 m3 of JP-5 was spilled in 1970. The soil at the site is primarily coarse sand with low organic carbon (<1%) end low moisture (1-3%) contents. We examined the effects of nutrient additions on microorganisms in contaminated soil from this site in laboratory microcosms and in mesocosms incubated for 6 weeks in the field. Nitrogen was the major limiting nutrient in this system, but microbial populations and activity were maximally enhanced by additions of both nitrogen and phosphorus. When nutrients were added to soil in the field at three levels of N:P (100:45, 200:90, and 300:135 mg/kg soil), the greatest stimulation in microbial activity occurred at the lowest, rather than the highest, level of nutrient addition. The total soil-water potentials ranged from -2 to -15 bar with increasing levels of fertilizer. Semivolatile hydrocarbon concentrations declined significantly only in the soils treated at the low fertilizer level. These results indicate that an understanding of nutrient effects at a specific site is essential for successful bioremediation.Bioremediation is being used or proposed as a treatment option at many hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. One such site is a former bulk-fuel storage facility near Barrow, AK, where contamination persists after approximately 380 m3 of JP-5 was spilled in 1970. The soil at the site is primarily coarse sand with low organic carbon (<1%) and low moisture (1-3%) contents. We examined the effects of nutrient additions on microorganisms in contaminated soil from this site in laboratory microcosms and in mesocosms incubated for 6 weeks in the field. Nitrogen was the major limiting nutrient in this system, but microbial populations and activity were maximally enhanced by additions of both nitrogen and phosphorus. When nutrients were added to soil in the field at three levels of N:P (100:45, 200:90, and 300:135 mg/kg soil), the greatest stimulation in microbial activity occurred at the lowest, rather than the highest, level of nutrient addition. The total soil-water potentials ranged from -2 to -15 bar with increasing levels of fertilizer. Semi-volatile hydrocarbon concentrations declined significantly only in the soils treated at the low fertilizer level. These results indicate that an understanding of nutrient effects at a specific site is essential for successful bioremediation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","doi":"10.1021/es960904d","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Braddock, J., Ruth, M., Catterall, P., Walworth, J., and McCarthy, K.A., 1997, Enhancement and inhibition of microbial activity in hydrocarbon- contaminated arctic soils: Implications for nutrient-amended bioremediation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 7, p. 2078-2084, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960904d.","startPage":"2078","endPage":"2084","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206039,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960904d"},{"id":228018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0971e4b0c8380cd51ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Braddock, J.F.","contributorId":9010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braddock","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruth, M.L.","contributorId":67679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruth","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Catterall, P.H.","contributorId":73357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catterall","given":"P.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walworth, J.L.","contributorId":56815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walworth","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCarthy, K. A.","contributorId":107309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019746,"text":"70019746 - 1997 - Stratigraphic evolution of the inner continental shelf in response to late Quaternary relative sea-level change, northwestern Gulf of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-21T23:54:47.48568","indexId":"70019746","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphic evolution of the inner continental shelf in response to late Quaternary relative sea-level change, northwestern Gulf of Maine","docAbstract":"<p>Accumulations of deltaic and littoral sediments on the inner continental shelf of Maine, Gulf of Maine, preserve a record of postglacial sea-level changes and shoreline migrations. The depositional response of coastal environments to a cycle of regression, lowstand, and transgression was examined with seismic-reflection profiles, vibracores, and radiocarbon dates collected from sediments at the mouths of the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers. Sequence-stratigraphic analysis of these data reveals two distinctly different successions of late Quaternary deposits that represent end members in an evolutionary model for this glaciated coast. Seaward of the Kennebec River, coarse-grained shorelines with foreset beds occur at depths of 20–60 m and outline the lobate margin of the Kennebec River paleodelta, a complex, rock-framed accumulation of glaciomarine and deltaic sediments capped by estuarine and marine deposits. Sand derived from this system today supports large barrier spits and extensive salt marshes. In contrast, the mouth of the Penobscot River is characterized by thick deposits of glaciomarine mud overlain by marine mud of Holocene age, including gas-charged zones that have locally evolved into fields of pockmarks. The distinct lack of sand and gravel seaward of the Penobscot River and its abundance seaward of the Kennebec River probably reflect differences in sediment sources and the physiography of the two watersheds. The contrasting stratigraphic framework of these systems demonstrates the importance of understanding local and regional differences in sediment supply, sea-level change, bedrock structure, and exposure to waves and tides in order to model river-mouth deposition on glaciated coasts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0612:SEOTIC>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Barnhardt, W., Belknap, D.F., and Kelley, J.T., 1997, Stratigraphic evolution of the inner continental shelf in response to late Quaternary relative sea-level change, northwestern Gulf of Maine: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 5, p. 612-630, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0612:SEOTIC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"630","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.33457912377591,\n              43.624017788854076\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.54405178002604,\n              43.624017788854076\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.54405178002604,\n              45.147053099936215\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.33457912377591,\n              45.147053099936215\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.33457912377591,\n              43.624017788854076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"109","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98f7e4b08c986b31c1a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhardt, W. A.","contributorId":86449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhardt","given":"W. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019747,"text":"70019747 - 1997 - Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:55:16.428433","indexId":"70019747","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest","docAbstract":"We investigated the nesting ecology of Townsend's Warblers (Dendroica townsendi) from 1993-1995 in an unfragmented boreal forest along the lower slopes of the Chugach Mountains in southcentral Alaska. We examined habitat characteristics of nest sites in relation to factors influencing reproductive success. Almost all territory-holding males (98%, n = 40) were successful in acquiring mates. Nest success was 54% (n = 24 nests), with nest survivorship greater during incubation (87%) than during the nestling period (62%). Most nesting failure (80%) was attributable to predation, which occurred primarily during the nestling period. Fifty-five percent of nests containing nestling were infested with the larvae of bird blow-flies (Protocalliphora braueri and P. spenceri), obligatory blood-feeding parasites. The combined effects of Protocalliphora infestation and inclement weather apparently resulted in nestling mortality in 4 of the 24 nests. Nests that escaped predation were placed in white spruce with larger diameter than those lost to predation: nests that escaped blow-fly parasitism were located higher in nest trees and in areas with lower densities of woody shrubs than those that were infested. The availability of potential nest sites with these key features may be important in determining reproductive success in Townsend's Warblers.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369933","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, S.M., Handel, C.M., and Roby, D.D., 1997, Nesting ecology of Townsend's warblers in relation to habitat characteristics in a mature boreal forest: Condor, v. 99, no. 2, p. 271-281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369933.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"281","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489817,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369933","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a64bee4b0c8380cd72a4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019754,"text":"70019754 - 1997 - Long-period events, the most characteristic seismicity accompanying the emplacement and extrusion of a lava dome in Galeras Volcano, Colombia, in 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019754","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-period events, the most characteristic seismicity accompanying the emplacement and extrusion of a lava dome in Galeras Volcano, Colombia, in 1991","docAbstract":"Since its reactivation in 1988 the principal eruptions of Galeras Volcano occurred on May 4-9, 1989, July 16, 1992, and January 14, March 23, April 3, April 14 and June 7, 1993. The initial eruption was a phreatic event which clearly marked a new period of activity. A lava dome was extruded within the main crater in October 1991 and subsequently destroyed in an explosive eruption on July 16, 1992. The eruptions that followed were all vulcanian-type explosions. The seismicity accompanying the emplacement, extrusion, and destruction of the lava dome was dominated by a mix of long-period (LP) events and tremor displaying a variety of waveforms. Repetitive LP events with dominant periods in the range 0.2-1 s were observed in October and November 1991 and visually correlated with short energetic pulses of gas venting through a crack bisecting the dome surface. Each LP event was characterized by a weak precursory signal with dominant periods in the range 0.05-0.1 s lasting roughly 7 s. Using the fluid-driven crack model of Chouet (1988, 1992), we infer that two distinct cracks may have acted as sources for the LP and precursor signals. Spectral analyses of the data yield the following parameters for the LP source: crack length, 240-360 m; crack width, 130-150 m; crack aperture, 0.5-3.4 mm; crack stiffness, 100-500; sound speed of fluid, 880 m/s; and excess pressure, 0.01-0.19 MPa. Similar analyses yield the parameters of the precursor source: crack length, 20-30 m; crack width, 15-25 m; crack aperture, 2.3-8.7 mm; crack stiffness, 5-15; sound speed of fluid, 140 m/s; and excess pressure, 0.06-0.15 MPa. Combined with geologic and thermodynamic constraints obtained from field observations, these seismic parameters suggest a gas-release mechanism in which the episodic collapse of a foam layer trapped at the top of the magma column subjacent to the dome releases a slug of pressurized gas which escapes to the surface while dilating a preexisting system of cracks in the dome structure. Accordingly, the fracture observed on the crystallized dome body is the surface extension of the LP-source crack, where LP activity is induced by the rapid emission and expansion of gas flowing through this conduit. The width and aperture of the crack estimated in the model are in good agreement with the length and aperture of the fracture estimated from visual observations. The source parameters of the precursor signal are suggestive of a nozzle-like conduit connecting the LP-source crack to the underlying magma reservoir. Excitation of this conduit segment is attributed to the rapid emission and acceleration of the frothy fluid resulting from the collapse of the foam layer at the top of the reservoir. The calculated periodicity of foam collapse events is in agreement with the observed average rate of thirteen LP events per hour.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gil, C.F., and Chouet, B., 1997, Long-period events, the most characteristic seismicity accompanying the emplacement and extrusion of a lava dome in Galeras Volcano, Colombia, in 1991: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 77, no. 1-4, p. 121-158.","startPage":"121","endPage":"158","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a496ee4b0c8380cd685d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gil, Cruz F.","contributorId":86646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gil","given":"Cruz","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}