The Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit was formed by the superposition of coupled alteration and mineralization events, of varying intensity and size, that were associated with each of at least 11 intrusions. Deposition of molybdenite was accompanied by time-equivalent silicic and potassic alteration. High-temperature alteration and mineralization are spatially and temporally linked to the crystallization of compositionally zoned magma in the apex of stocks. Differences in hydrothermal features associated with each intrusion (e.g., mass of ore, orientation and type of veins, density of veins, and intensity of alteration) correlate with differences in primary igneous features (e.g., composition, texture, morphology, and size). The systematic relations between hydrothermal and magmatic features suggest that primary magma compositions, including volatile contents, largely control the geometry, volume, level of emplacement, and mechanisms of crystallization of stocks. These elements in turn govern the orientations and densities of fractures, which ultimately determine the distribution patterns of hydrothermal alteration and mineralization.Based on primary igneous features, intrusions are grouped into four types, 1 to 4. The first three types define a potassic series of compositions (normarive orthoclase/albite greater than 1) and form a continuum from texturally and compositionally simple intrusions (type 1) to complex intrusions (type 3). Intensity and volume of high-temperature alteration and mineralization associated with a given stock increase from type 1 (2% of total ore) to type 3 (77% of total ore). Complex and strongly mineralizing intrusions (type 3) are separated from one another in time by relatively simple and weakly mineralizing intrusions (type 1). Stocks of type 4, the youngest intrusions, define a sodic series of compositions (normative orthoclase/albite less than 1) and are associated with the waning stages of mineralization.A number of textural features indicate that highly mineralizing type 3 stocks contained high primary concentrations of volatile components, e.g., the presence of unidirectional solidification textures, aplitic rather than aphanitic groundmass, extreme local textural variability, low percentages of phenocrysts in apices, brecciation of apices, and low volumes of dikes. From apex to root zone, textural units within the Seriate stock (type 3), the most productive stock in the deposit, include: (1) a Brain Rock unit with abundant quartz + or - fluorite crenulate layers, (2) a Border unit of generally low but variable phenocryst content (0-25%), (3) a transition zone, 5 to 10 m wide, of unidirectional solidification textures, (4) an Intermediate unit of moderate phenocryst content (25%), (5) another transition zone, 5 to 10 m wide, of unidirectional solidification textures, (6) a Porphyry unit of high phenocryst contents (40%), and (7) a Granite Porphyry or Granite unit. Crystals in layers of unidirectional textures always project toward the interior of the stock and indicate progressive inward solidification of magma along the walls of a chamber. Variations in texture are accompanied by variations in primary composition: the apex of the Seriate stock (the region above the deepest transition zone of unidirectional textures) is enriched in K 2 O and SiO 2 and depleted in Na 2 O, F, Nb, and Y relative to deeper units.Mineralization in the deposit is controlled by moderately outward-dipping concentric veins of both replacement and open-space origin, and by steeply dipping radial veins of replacement origin. Both sets of veins were formed nearly simultaneously about a stock and are focused in a systematic manner on the apex. A classic stockwork of veins occurs only in regions where vein sets associated with spatially separated intrusions overlap. Fluids that filled outward-dipping concentric structures flowed downward and outward from a stock. Fluid pressures in excess of lithostatic pressures, generated during crystallization of magma, were required to open and fill concentric structures. As magma solidified progressively inward, the zone of fluid evolution also migrated downward and inward. With time, the volume of evolved fluids decreased: vein densities decrease from greater than 200/m in the Seriate Brain Rock unit to less than 0.1/m immediately below the last transition zone separating the Seriate Intermediate unit from Seriate Porphyry unit. Crosscutting relations between veins and high-level dikes associated with the Seriate stock establish that most of the ore related to the Seriate stock was deposited prior to solidification of its deepest transition zone of unidirectional solidification textures.The absence of high-temperature veins and associated hydrothermal alteration in deep cores of stocks, the distribution of ore about the high levels of stocks, the orientation of veins about the apex of stocks, and the crosscutting relations between veins and dikes of the same stock are suggestive of initially high concentrations of molybdenum and volatiles in the apex of a stock immediately prior to the onset of significant crystallization. Additional accumulation of ore components, if any, ceased after solidification of the apex. Assignment of molybdenum in the ore shell about the Seriate stock to the volume of solid occupied by the apex of the Seriate stock yields concentration levels in the apical magma of approximately 13,000 ppm Mo.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.266","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Carten, R., Geraghty, E.P., and Walker, B., 1988, Cyclic development of igneous features and their relationship to high-temperature hydrothermal features in the Henderson porphyry molybdenum deposit, Colorado: Economic Geology, v. 83, no. 2, p. 266-296, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.266.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd23e4b0c8380cd4e65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carten, R.B.","contributorId":45770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carten","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geraghty, E. P.","contributorId":83283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geraghty","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walker, B.M.","contributorId":26820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014302,"text":"70014302 - 1988 - Evidence for a new geomagnetic reversal from lava flows in Idaho: Discussion of short polarity reversals in the Brunhes and late Matuyama polarity chrons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:44:45.961576","indexId":"70014302","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a new geomagnetic reversal from lava flows in Idaho: Discussion of short polarity reversals in the Brunhes and late Matuyama polarity chrons","docAbstract":"K-Ar ages and paleomagnetic data for basalt samples from a new core hole (site E) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) indicate that the age of the reversed polarity event recorded in Snake River Plain lavas is older than 465±50 ka (1000 years before present) reported previously by Champion et al. (1981). Nine basalt flows, eight with normal polarity and one with reversed polarity, were recognized in the site E core hole. The flows above and below the reversed flow have ages of 491±80 ka and 580±93 ka, respectively. The inclination of the paleomagnetic field direction of the reversed flow at site E agrees with the inclination of reversed flows elsewhere at INEL which have an age of 565±14 ka. These reversed flows were previously thought to be correlative with the Emperor event. We suggest that this polarity event is an older event which we name the Big Lost Reversed Polarity Subchronozone and Subchron. A review of data documenting short reversal records from volcanic and sedimentary rocks shows that there is evidence for eight polarity subchrons in the Brunhes and two besides the Jaramillo in the late Matuyama. These 10 short subchrons begin to indicate the many short events that Cox (1968) hypothesized must exist if polarity interval lengths have a Poisson distribution. These events are true subchrons, not excursions, and may or may not have low associated paleointensities, although low field strengths might explain why the reversal process aborts. The mean sustained polarity interval length since late Matuyama Chron time is 90,000 years. The similarity of this number with the 105-year period of the Earth's orbital eccentricity suggests anew that linkage between geomagnetic, paleoclimatic, and possible underlying Earth orbital parameters should be evaluated.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB10p11667","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Champion, D., Lanphere, M.A., and Kuntz, M.A., 1988, Evidence for a new geomagnetic reversal from lava flows in Idaho: Discussion of short polarity reversals in the Brunhes and late Matuyama polarity chrons: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B10, p. 11667-11680, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB10p11667.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"11667","endPage":"11680","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d2fe4b0c8380cd52e73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M. A.","contributorId":35298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuntz, M. A.","contributorId":33323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuntz","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014287,"text":"70014287 - 1988 - Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-22T13:09:02","indexId":"70014287","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":695,"text":"Aliso","onlineIssn":"2327-2929","printIssn":"0065-6275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America","title":"Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America","docAbstract":"Chamaebatiaria and Chamaebatia, two characteristic genera of the Californian floristic province, are traditionally placed in different subfamilies of Rosaceae, Spiraeoideae and Rosoideae, respectively. Analysis of the foliar and reproductive characters of the extant species of these genera indicates that the two genera could be closely related and the assignment of Chamaebatia to Rosoideae invalid. Fossil leaves of lineages of both genera occur in the Paleogene montane floras of the Rocky Mountain region and provide evidence that the two lineages diverged from a common ancestor in the Eocene. The common ancestor probably was adapted to sunny habitats in mesic coniferous forest, and, during the post-Eocene, the two lineages were able to adapt to progressively drier climates. A third extant genus, the east Asian Sorbaria, also appears to be closely related to the California genera and to have been derived from the same common ancestor. New taxa and combinations proposed are: St onebergia columbiana. n. gen. and n. sp.; Salmonensea prefoliolosa (R. W. Br.), n. gen. and n. comb.; Stockeya creedensis (R. W. Br.), n. gen. and n. comb.; Stockeya montana, n. sp.; and Sorbaria wahrhaftigii, n. sp.
","language":"English","publisher":"Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden","doi":"10.5642/aliso.19881201.14","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., and Wehr, W., 1988, Rosaceous Chamaebatiaria-like foliage from the Paleogene of western North America: Aliso, v. 12, no. 1, p. 177-200, https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.19881201.14.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"200","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.19881201.14","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae8de4b0c8380cd87115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, Jack A.","contributorId":102474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wehr, Wesley","contributorId":50582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehr","given":"Wesley","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013343,"text":"70013343 - 1988 - The development of the continental margin of eastern North America-conjugate continental margin to West Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T01:24:09.489309","indexId":"70013343","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The development of the continental margin of eastern North America-conjugate continental margin to West Africa","docAbstract":"The continental margin of eastern North America was initiated when West Africa and North America were rifted apart in Triassic-Early Jurassic time. Cooling of the crust and its thinning by rifting and extension caused subsidence. Variation in amounts of subsidence led to formation of five basins. These are listed from south to north. (1) The Blake Plateau Basin, the southernmost, is the widest basin and the one in which the rift-stage basement took longest to form. Carbonate platform deposition was active and persisted until the end of Early Cretaceous. In Late Cretaceous, deposition slowed while subsidence persisted, so a deep water platform was formed. Since the Paleocene the region has undergone erosion. (2) The Carolina Trough is narrow and has relatively thin basement, on the basis of gravity modeling. The two basins with thin basement, the Carolina Trough and Scotian Basin, also show many salt diapirs indicating considerable deposition of salt during their early evolution. In the Carolina Trough, subsidence of a large block of strata above the flowing salt has resulted in a major, active normal fault on the landward side of the basin. (3) The Baltimore Canyon Trough has an extremely thick sedimentary section; synrift and postrift sediments exceed 18 km in thickness. A Jurassic reef is well developed on the basin's seaward side, but post-Jurassic deposition was mainly non-carbonate. In general the conversion from carbonate to terrigenous deposition, characteristics of North American Basins, occurred progressively earlier toward the north. (4) The Georges Bank Basin has a complicated deep structure of sub-basins filled with thick synrift deposits. This may have resulted from some shearing that occurred at this offset of the continental margin. Postrift sediments apparently are thin compared to other basins—only about 8 km. (5) The Scotian Basin, off Canada, contains Jurassic carbonate rocks, sandstone, shale and coal covered by deltaic deposits and Upper Cretaceous deeper water chalk and shale.
Several hot-rock avalanches have occurred during the growth of the composite dome of Mount St. Helens, Washington between 1980 and 1987. One of these occurred on 9 May 1986 and produced a fan-shaped avalanche deposit of juvenile dacite debris together with a more extensive pyroclastic-flow deposit. Laterally thinning deposits and abrasion and baking of wooden and plastic objects show that a hot ash-cloud surge swept beyond the limits of the pyroclastic flow. Plumes that rose 2-3 km above the dome and vitric ash that fell downwind of the volcano were also effects of this event, but no explosion occurred. All the facies observed originated from a single avalanche. Erosion and melting of craterfloor snow by the hot debris caused debris flows in the crater, and a small flood that carried juvenile and other clasts north of the crater. A second, broadly similar event occurred in October 1986. Larger events of this nature could present a significant volcanic hazard. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01047505","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Mellors, R., Waitt, R., and Swanson, D.A., 1988, Generation of pyroclastic flows and surges by hot-rock avalanches from the dome of Mount St. Helens volcano, USA: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 50, no. 1, p. 14-25, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047505.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1555e4b0c8380cd54d74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mellors, R.A.","contributorId":36679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mellors","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waitt, R. B.","contributorId":78766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013648,"text":"70013648 - 1988 - Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T21:44:10.648175","indexId":"70013648","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation","docAbstract":"The use of the specified time interval (STI) numerical schemes has been popular in applying the method of characteristics (MOC) to unsteady open‐channel flow problems. Studies and analyses of several variants of the STI schemes have led to the derivation of a new scheme, referred to herein as the multimode scheme, which combines implicit, temporal reachback, spatial reachback, and classical schemes into one. Three numerical models have been developed to implement the implicit and multimode schemes. The IMOCDS model uses an implicit scheme, with which the time step is no longer subject to the Courant constraint. The remaining two models, NEWMOC and SPRMOC, are two versions of the multimode scheme. The NEWMOC and SPRMOC models demonstrate all the advantages previously provided by individual STI schemes, cover the combined flow range of the various schemes involved, and, in addition, display newly acquired benefits such as robustness. Numerical analyses, numerical experiments, and field applications that verify, support, and demonstrate the enhanced model capabilities are presented.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:9(1074)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., 1988, Comprehensive method of characteristics models for flow simulation: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 114, no. 9, p. 1074-1097, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:9(1074).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1074","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dce4b0c8380cd4b435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013681,"text":"70013681 - 1988 - The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-29T15:01:04.24353","indexId":"70013681","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records","docAbstract":"More than 250 strong-motion accelerograph stations were triggered by the Whittier Narrows, California, earthquake of 1 October 1987. Considering the number of multichannel structural stations in the area of strong shaking, this set of records is one of the more significant in history. Three networks, operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, the California Division of Mines and Geology, and the University of Southern California produced the majority of the records. The excellent performance of the instruments in these and the smaller arrays is attributable to the quality of the maintenance programs and their funding and personnel requirements. Readiness for a magnitude 8 event is directly related to these maintenance programs. Prior to computer analysis of the analog film records, a number of important structural resonant modes can be identified, and frequencies and simple mode shapes have been scaled. The structural records form a basic performance measurement for comparison with larger earthquake response in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1585465","usgsCitation":"Brady, A., Etheredge, E.C., and Porcella, R.L., 1988, The Whittier Narrows, California earthquake of October 1, 1987: Preliminary assessment of strong ground motion records: Earthquake Spectra, v. 4, no. 1, p. 55-74, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585465.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220214,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 33.71018161678026\n ],\n [\n -117.8213434794263,\n 34.37671218769654\n ],\n [\n -118.66776592366908,\n 34.37671218769654\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1988-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc3a8e4b08c986b32b2dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. G.","contributorId":61794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Etheredge, E. C.","contributorId":8108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Etheredge","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porcella, R. L.","contributorId":102869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porcella","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013717,"text":"70013717 - 1988 - Geochemistry and origin of albite gneisses, northeastern Adirondack Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013717","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry and origin of albite gneisses, northeastern Adirondack Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Albite gneisses containing up to 8.7 percent Na2O and as little as 0.1% K2O comprise a significant part of the Proterozoic Lyon Mountain Gneiss in the Ausable Forks Quadrangle of the northeastern Adirondacks, New York State. Two distinct types of albite gneisses are present. One is a trondhjemitic leucogneiss (LAG) consisting principally of albite (Ab95-Ab98) and quartz with minor magnetite and, locally, minor amounts of amphibole or acmiterich pyroxene. LAG probably originated by metamorphism of a rhyolitie or rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff with A-type geochemical affinities, following post-depositional analcitization in a saline or saline-alkaline environment. The other type is a mafic albite gneiss (MAG) containing albite and pyroxene along with 0-45 percent quartz, minor amphibole, and titanite. MAG locally displays pinstripe banding and contains albite (Ab98) megacrysts up to 5 cm across. Its precursor may have been a sediment composed of diagenetic analcite or albite, dolomite, and quartz. Both types of albite gneiss are interlayered with granitic gneisses (LMG) of variable composition derived from less altered tuffs. A potassium-rich (up to 9.7% K2O) microcline gneiss facies may have had a protolith rich in diagenetic K feldspar. We propose that the albite gneisses and associated granitic gneisses are the granulite-facies metamorphic equivalent of a bimodal, dominantly felsic, volcanic suite with minor intercalated sediments, probably including evaporites. The volcanics were erupted in an anorogenic setting, such as an incipient or failed intracontinental rift. Deposition took place in a closed-basin, playa lake environment, where diagenetic alteration resulted in redistribution of the alkalis and strong oxidation. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371938","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Whitney, P., and Olmsted, J., 1988, Geochemistry and origin of albite gneisses, northeastern Adirondack Mountains, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 476-484, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371938.","startPage":"476","endPage":"484","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204991,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371938"},{"id":219935,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16d9e4b0c8380cd552a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, P.R.","contributorId":46671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olmsted, J.F.","contributorId":42704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013719,"text":"70013719 - 1988 - Intermediate-term, pre-earthquake phenomena in California, 1975-1986, and preliminary forecast of seismicity for the next decade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013719","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3209,"text":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intermediate-term, pre-earthquake phenomena in California, 1975-1986, and preliminary forecast of seismicity for the next decade","docAbstract":"Intermediate-term observations preceding earthquakes of magnitude 5.7 or greater in California from 1975 through 1986 suggest that: (1) The sudden appearance of earthquakes in a previously inactive area indicates an increased likelihood of a significant earthquake in that area for a period from days to years; (2) these larger earthquakes tend to occur towards the ends of creeping fault segments; (3) one large earthquake in a region increases the likelihood of a subsequent significant event in the adjacent area; and (4) marginal evidence for the occurrence of a regional deformation event suggests that such events increase the probability of earthquake occurrence throughout the entire area. A common element in many of these observed patterns appears to be the transmission and amplification of tectonic stress changes by the mechanism of fault creep, and suggests that surface fault creep is a sensitive indicator of changes in stress. The preceding critieria are used to construct a preliminary 'forecast' of the likely locations of significant earthquakes over the next decade. ?? 1988 Birkha??user Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Birkha??user-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00879005","issn":"00334553","usgsCitation":"Wesson, R.L., and Nicholson, C., 1988, Intermediate-term, pre-earthquake phenomena in California, 1975-1986, and preliminary forecast of seismicity for the next decade: Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH, v. 126, no. 2-4, p. 407-446, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00879005.","startPage":"407","endPage":"446","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879005"},{"id":219937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d29e4b0c8380cd63356","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesson, R. L.","contributorId":51752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nicholson, C.","contributorId":39118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014809,"text":"70014809 - 1988 - A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:28:28.825029","indexId":"70014809","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California","docAbstract":"Medicine Lake volcano is a Pleistocene and Holocene shield volcano of the southern Cascade Range. It is located behind the main Cascade arc in an extensional tectonic setting where high-alumina basalt is the most commonly erupted lava. This basalt is parental to the higher-silica calc-alkaline and tholeiitic lavas that make up the bulk of the shield. The presence of late Holocene, chemically identical rhyolites on opposite sides of the volcano led to hypotheses of a large shallow silicic magma chamber and of a small, deep chamber that fed rhyolites to the surface via cone sheets. Subsequent geophysical work has been unable to identify a large silicic magma body, and instead a small one has apparently been recognized. Some geologic data support the geophysical results. Tectonic control of vent alignments and the dominance of mafic eruptions both in number of events and volume throughout the history of the volcano indicate that no large silicic magma reservoir exists. Instead, a model is proposed that includes numerous dikes, sills, and small magma bodies, most of which are too small to be recognized by present geophysical methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB05p04412","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J., 1988, A magmatic model of Medicine Lake Volcano, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B5, p. 4412-4420, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04412.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4412","endPage":"4420","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e444e4b0c8380cd46537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014726,"text":"70014726 - 1988 - Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-30T16:57:55.159185","indexId":"70014726","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations","docAbstract":"Spatial, temporal, and compositional distributions of approximately 4000 volcanic vents formed since 16 Ma in Washington, Oregon, northern California, and northwestern Nevada illustrate the evolution of volcanism related to subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate system and extension of the Basin and Range province. Vent data were obtained from published map compilations and include monogenetic and small polygenetic volcanoes in addition to major composite centers. On the basis of the distribution of 2821 vents formed since 5 Ma, the Cascade Range is divided into five segments, with vents of the High Lava Plains along the northern margin of the Basin and Range province in Oregon forming a sixth segment. Some aspects of the Cascade Range segmentation can be related to gross structural features of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. The orientation of the volcanic front of segments one and two changes from NW in northern Washington to NE in southern Washington, paralleling the strike of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate. Segments one and two are separated by a 90-km volcanic gap between Mount Rainier and Glacier Peak that is landward of the portion of the subducting plate having the least average dip to a depth of 60 km. A narrow, N-S trending belt of predominantly andesitic vents in Oregon constitutes a third segment, which is landward of the seismically quiet portion of the subduction zone. The narrowness of this segment may indicate steep dip of the subducting plate beneath the Cascade arc in Oregon. Vents are sparse between segment four (containing the Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake centers) and segment five (containing Lassen Peak), where the Juan de Fuca and Gorda North plates are characterized by differing age, amounts of subcrustal seismicity, and probably geometry. From the relation between seismicity at depth of 60 km and the position of the volcanic front of vents formed since 5 Ma, transitions between subducting-plate segments of varying geometry likely occur near boundaries between independently defined volcanic segments in northern Oregon and northern California. In the Basin and Range province east of the Cascade arc, volcanism migrated into the region adjacent to the Cascade Range during the interval 5–10 Ma. Since 5 Ma, the impingement of the two provinces is characterized by cessation of basin-range volcanism in southern Oregon, continuation of basaltic volcanism in northeastern California where the impingement process may not yet be complete, and contraction of the area of mafic volcanism around Mount Shasta, Medicine Lake, and Lassen Peak. In central Oregon where the northern margin of basin-range volcanism (the High Lava Plains) intersects the Cascade arc, impingement of basin-range extensional volcanism approximately coincides in time and space with the development of the High Cascade graben between Three Sisters and Mount Jefferson.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB06p06513","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Guffanti, M., and Weaver, C., 1988, Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B6, p. 6513-6529, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB06p06513.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"6513","endPage":"6529","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1231424","text":"External Repository"},{"id":225912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a02dce4b0c8380cd50226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guffanti, M.","contributorId":75693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014725,"text":"70014725 - 1988 - The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:32","indexId":"70014725","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes","docAbstract":"Freshwater ice deposits are described from seven, high elevation (4117-4730 m), shallow (mean depth <30 cm), saline (10-103 g l-1) lakes in the southwestern corner of Bolivia. The ice deposits range to several hundred meters in length and to 7 m in height above the lake or playa surface. They are located near the lake or salar margins; some are completely surrounded by water, others by playa deposits or salt crusts. Upper surfaces and sides of the ice deposits usually are covered by 20-40 cm of white to light brown, dry sedimentary materials. Calcite is the dominant crystalline mineral in these, and amorphous materials such as diatom frustules and volcanic glass are also often abundant. Beneath the dry overburden the ice occurs primarily as horizontal lenses 1-1000 mm thick, irregularly alternating with strata of frozen sedimentary materials. Ice represents from 10 to 87% of the volume of the deposits and yields freshwater (TFR <3 g l-1) when melted. Oxygen isotope ratios for ice are similar to those for regional precipitation and shoreline seeps but much lower than those for the lakewaters. Geothermal flux is high in the region as evidenced by numerous hot springs and deep (3.0-3.5 m) sediment temperatures of 5-10??C. This flux is one cause of the present gradual wasting away of these deposits. Mean annual air temperatures for the different lakes probably are all in the range of -2 to 4??C, and mean midwinter temperatures about 5??C lower. These deposits apparently formed during colder climatic conditions by the freezing of low salinity porewaters and the building up of segregation ice lenses. ?? 1988 Dr W. Junk Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00026285","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Hurlbert, S.H., and Chang, C.C., 1988, The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes: Hydrobiologia, v. 158, no. 1, p. 271-299, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285.","startPage":"271","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205666,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026285"},{"id":225911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"158","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baae1e4b08c986b322a91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurlbert, S. H.","contributorId":56192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbert","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013149,"text":"70013149 - 1988 - Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:11:48.021465","indexId":"70013149","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project","docAbstract":"Temperature logs were made repeatedly during breaks in drilling and both during and after flow tests in the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project well (State 2–14). The purpose of these logs was to assist in identifying zones of fluid loss or grain and to characterize reservoir temperatures. At the conclusion of the active phase of the project, a series of logs was begun in an attempt to establish the equilibrium temperature profile. Initially, we were able to log to depths below 3 km, but beginning in late May of 1986, it was impossible to log below about 1.8 km owing to casing failure. Our best estimates of formation temperature below 1.8 km are 305° ± 5°C at 1890 m and 355° ± 10°C at 3170 m. For the upper 1.8 km the latest temperature log (October 24, 1986), using a digital “slickline” (heat-shielded downhole recording) device, was within a few degrees Celsius of equilibrium, as confirmed by a more recent log (July 31, 1987) to a depth of ∼ 1 km. As in most other wells in the Salton Sea geothermal field, there is an impermeable, thermally conductive “cap” on the hydrothermal system; this cap extends to a depth of more than 900 m at the State 2–14 well. Thermal conductivities of 19 samples of drill cuttings from this interval were measured at room temperature. The conductivity values were corrected for in situ porosity as determined from geophysical logs and for the effects of elevated temperature. Thermal gradients decrease from about 250 mK m−1 (same as degrees Celsius per kilometer) in the upper few hundred meters to just below 200 mK m−1 near the base of the conductive cap. Using one interpretation, thermal conductivities increase with depth (mainly because of decreasing porosity), resulting in component heat flows that agree reasonably well with the mean of about 450 m W m−2. This value agrees well with heat flow data from shallow wells within the Salton Sea geothermal field. A second interpretation, in which measured temperature coefficients of quartz- and carbonate-rich rocks are used to correct thermal conductivity, results in lower mean conductivities that are roughly constant with depth and, consequently, systematically decreasing heat flux averaging about 350 mW m−2 below 300 m. This interpretation is consistent with the inference (from fluid inclusion studies) that the rocks in this part of the field were once several tens of degrees Celsius hotter than they are now. The age of this possible disturbance is estimated at a few thousand years.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB11p12995","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Priest, S.S., Duda, L., Carson, C., Hendricks, J.D., and Robison, L., 1988, Thermal regime of the State 2-14 well, Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B11, p. 12995-13004, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB11p12995.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"12995","endPage":"13004","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb254e4b08c986b325723","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Priest, S. S.","contributorId":78318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duda, L.E.","contributorId":42708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carson, C.C.","contributorId":62743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendricks, J. D.","contributorId":40187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robison, L.C.","contributorId":17234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robison","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013720,"text":"70013720 - 1988 - The radiocarbon budget for Mono Lake: An unsolved mystery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-09T15:54:29.37048","indexId":"70013720","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The radiocarbon budget for Mono Lake: An unsolved mystery","docAbstract":"Since 1957 the 14C/C ratio of the dissolved inorganic carbon in Mono Lake has risen by about 60‰. The magnitude of this increase is about four times larger than that expected from the invasion of bomb-produced14C from the atmosphere. We have eliminated the following explanations: (1) measurement error, (2) an unusually high physical exchange rate for non-reactive gases, (3) inorganic enhancement of the CO2 exchange rate, and (4) biological enhancement of the CO2 exchange rate. Clandestine disposal of waste radiocarbon remains a dark-horse explanation.
In the course of our investigations we have uncovered evidence for at least one episodic input of radiocarbon-free carbon to the lake over the last 1000 years. We speculate that this injection was related to a hydrothermal event resulting from sublacustrine volcanic activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(88)90042-8","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Broecker, W., Wanninkhof, R., Mathieu, G., Peng, T., Stine, S., Robinson, S., Herczeg, A., and Stuiver, M., 1988, The radiocarbon budget for Mono Lake: An unsolved mystery: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 88, no. 1-2, p. 16-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(88)90042-8.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baef0e4b08c986b324432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Broecker, W.S.","contributorId":95195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broecker","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wanninkhof, R.","contributorId":74511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanninkhof","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mathieu, G.","contributorId":105850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathieu","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peng, T.-H.","contributorId":102201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peng","given":"T.-H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stine, S.","contributorId":24089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, S.","contributorId":83055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Herczeg, A.","contributorId":58390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herczeg","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stuiver, M.","contributorId":54730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuiver","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70013770,"text":"70013770 - 1988 - High-resolution 40Ar 39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T16:17:04.506734","indexId":"70013770","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"High-resolution 40Ar 39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","title":"High-resolution 40Ar 39Ar chronology of Oligocene volcanic rocks, San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"The central San Juan caldera complex consists of seven calderas from which eight major ash-flow tuffs were erupted during a period of intense volcanic activity that lasted for approximately 2 m.y. about 26–28 Ma. The analytical precision of conventional K-Ar dating in this time interval is not sufficient to unambiguously resolve this complex history. However,
This month we demonstrate an example of the use of thermal infrared imagery to produce a relatively sharp surrogate shaded-relief image. The image shows one aspect of the drama and usefulness of calibrated thermal imagery that (because of compatible projection and pixel size) can be easily combined with other spectral bands of a satellite image. Such data can be enhanced in yet another way by stereoscopically combining two similar images with different orbital paths, such as was shown in the AVHRR column for January 1988.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., Quirk, B.K., and Hood, J.J., 1988, NOAA-10 AVHRR thermal-infrared image of the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 54, no. 6.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"777","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -109.061279296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f597cce4b02419550d2f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, Kevin P. kgallo@usgs.gov","contributorId":4200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kevin","email":"kgallo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quirk, Bruce K. quirk@usgs.gov","contributorId":4285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quirk","given":"Bruce","email":"quirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hood, Joy J. jhood@usgs.gov","contributorId":5510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hood","given":"Joy","email":"jhood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1002330,"text":"1002330 - 1988 - Fuelwood production and use in rural Swaziland: a case-study of two communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1002330","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fuelwood production and use in rural Swaziland: a case-study of two communities","docAbstract":"Information of fuelwood consumption and the local production of wood was collected in two small rural communities in Swaziland. Fuelwood consumption was estimated to be 0.77 t persona??1 yeara??1 in one community (Sigombeni), and 0.63 t persona??1 in the other (Bhekinkhosi). Bhekinkhosi was found to be experiencing a significant fuelwood production/consumption deficit and it expected that Sigombeni will also experience fuelwood deficits by 1990. Individual farm woodlots provided the largest proportion of annual woody biomass production in both areas, accounting for 45% of all profuction in Sigombeni and 73% in Bhekinkhosi. Thirty-seven percent of all farms in Sigombeni and 23% in Bhekinkhosi had woodlots. Virtually all these woodlots consisted primarily of black or green wattle and were established by direct seeding. Two types of community woodlots were identified a?? those established when the area was a private farm and those established with government assistance. The first type of community woodlots was found only in Sigombeni, where it accounted for at least 20% of annual fuelwood production. Community wooslots established with government assistance were an insignificant source of fuelwood in both areas. At an estimated cost of nearly US $500 haa??1, community woodlots planted with government assistance are far more expensive to establish than individual farm woodlots which require no monetary expenditure, assuming local collection of seed. The results indicate a need to increase the local production of fuelwood in rural Swaziland and that encouraging the establishment of onfarm woodlots may be the most effective means of increasing production.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0378-1127(88)90090-4","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., Pimentel, D., and Lasoie, J., 1988, Fuelwood production and use in rural Swaziland: a case-study of two communities: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 25, no. 3-4, p. 239-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(88)90090-4.","startPage":"239","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(88)90090-4","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6871.000000000000000"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b423a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pimentel, D.P.","contributorId":19132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pimentel","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lasoie, J.P.","contributorId":36101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lasoie","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014449,"text":"70014449 - 1988 - Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T15:00:24.666864","indexId":"70014449","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"Five samples of hydrothermal fluids from two vent areas on the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge were analyzed for dissolved gases. Concentrations in the end-member hydrothermal fluid of H2 (270–527 μmol/kg), CH4 (82–118 μmol/kg), and CO2 (3920–4460 μmol/kg) are well above values in ambient seawater and are similar to concentrations reported for other ridge crest hydrothermal systems. The carbon isotopic ratios of the CH4 (δ13C = −17.8 to −20.8) and CO2 (δ13C = −3.6 to −4.7) suggest that at least some of the CH4 and CO2 in the fluids is basalt-derived. The range of δ13C values for the basalt-derived CO2 is −6.8 to −9.7, calculated by assuming conservation of recharge ΣCO2 during hydrothermal circulation. Apparent temperatures of equilibration between the CH4 and the basalt-derived CO2 range from 640°C to 750°C. Small amounts of ethane (C2H6/CH4 ≅ 0.9 × 10−3−2.2 × 10−3), propane, and butane detected in the samples may also have formed in the basalt. One sample of almost pure (95.5%) hydrothermal fluid contained a significant fraction, up to 63% and 74%, respectively, of the recharge Ar and N2. This suggests that the fluid has not undergone extensive vapor-liquid phase separation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB093iB12p15305","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., White, L.D., and Rapp, J.B., 1988, Geochemistry of some gases in hydrothermal fluids from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 93, no. B12, p. 15305-15313, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB12p15305.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"15305","endPage":"15313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225706,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1713e4b0c8380cd55387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003879,"text":"1003879 - 1988 - Hematozoan parasites of Rio Grande wild turkeys from southern Texas (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:07:09","indexId":"1003879","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hematozoan parasites of Rio Grande wild turkeys from southern Texas (USA)","docAbstract":"One hundred twenty-three of 300 blood samples (41%) taken from Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) from three locations in southern Texas (Welder Wildlife Refuge, Chaparrosa Ranch, and Campo Alegre Ranch) and subinoculated into domestic broad-breasted white turkey poults were positive for a Plasmodium (Novyella) sp. Analysis of blood films from 350 turkeys revealed Haemoproteus meleagridis in 76% of the birds. A significantly greater mean parasite intensity was observed in birds from Welder Wildlife Refuge. Birds from the Campo Alegre Ranch exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of H. meleagridis than birds from Chaparrosa. The Plasmodium sp. was infective for canaries (Serinus canaria), bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), but would not produce infection in white leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus) or Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix). Attempts to infect Culex tarsalis and C. pipiens pipiens were unsuccessful. Asexual erythrocytic synchrony was not observed when blood-induced infections were monitored in two domestic turkey poults every 4 hr for 72 hr. Exoerythrocytic stages were not found upon examination of impression smears and tissue samples taken from brain, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and bone marrow. The Plasmodium sp. is most similar morphologically to three species in the subgenus Novyella, P. hexamerium, P. vaughani, and P. kempi. The most striking similarities are to P. hexamerium, and involve mean merozoite number, erythrocytic schizont location, and vertebrate host susceptibility. It differs from P. vaughani in being able to infect turkeys and in type of parasitized erythrocytes. Differences to P. kempi include mean merozoite number, and ability to infect pheasants, and its inability to develop inC. pipiens and C. tarsalis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-24.1.88","usgsCitation":"Castle, M.D., Christensen, B.A., and Rocke, T.E., 1988, Hematozoan parasites of Rio Grande wild turkeys from southern Texas (USA): Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 24, no. 1, p. 88-96, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.1.88.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.1.88","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"San Patricio County, Willacy County, Zavala County","otherGeospatial":"Campo Allegre Ranch, Chaparrosa Ranch, Welder Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.03375244140625,\n 26.30080200905286\n ],\n [\n -97.49267578125,\n 26.30080200905286\n ],\n [\n -97.49267578125,\n 26.61063004014913\n ],\n [\n -98.03375244140625,\n 26.61063004014913\n ],\n [\n -98.03375244140625,\n 26.30080200905286\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.1568603515625,\n 28.815799886487298\n ],\n [\n -99.93438720703125,\n 28.815799886487298\n ],\n [\n -99.93438720703125,\n 29.104176683949984\n ],\n [\n -100.1568603515625,\n 29.104176683949984\n ],\n [\n -100.1568603515625,\n 28.815799886487298\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castle, Marc D.","contributorId":96232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Beth A.","contributorId":36523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christensen","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003719,"text":"1003719 - 1988 - Serologic response of Rio Grande wild turkeys to experimental infections of Mycoplasma gallisepticum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:22:07","indexId":"1003719","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic response of Rio Grande wild turkeys to experimental infections of Mycoplasma gallisepticum","docAbstract":"The serologic response of Rio Grande wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was determined. Free-ranging turkeys were caught in southern Texas, shipped to the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and housed in isolation facilities. Fourteen birds were exposed to MG, by intratracheal and intranasal inoculation. Eight birds received sterile broth only. Two wk prior to the end of the experiment, MG exposed turkeys were stressed by challenge with a serologically unrelated mycoplasma. Serum from all exposed birds reacted positively for MG antibody by the rapid plate agglutination (RPA) procedure within 2 mo postexposure (PE) and all but one remained positive for 14 mo PE. Less than one half of the exposed birds developed positive MG antibody titers detectable by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test within 2 mo PE, and by 10 mo PE, none had positive titers. Antibody was detected by the HI test in two of 11 infected turkeys, 14 mo PE, and titers increased significantly within 2 wk. MG was isolated from tracheal swabs from two infected birds 2 mo PE, but attempts thereafter failed. However, at the termination of the experiment 15 mo later, MG was isolated from lung tissue of three of 11 exposed turkeys and from a blood clot found in the lower trachea of one bird.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.668","usgsCitation":"Rocke, T.E., and Yuill, T.M., 1988, Serologic response of Rio Grande wild turkeys to experimental infections of Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 24, no. 4, p. 668-671, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.668.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"668","endPage":"671","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.668","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100.16921997070312,\n 28.496453927665872\n ],\n [\n -100.16921997070312,\n 28.84707946871795\n ],\n [\n -99.8272705078125,\n 28.84707946871795\n ],\n [\n -99.8272705078125,\n 28.496453927665872\n ],\n [\n -100.16921997070312,\n 28.496453927665872\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":314035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yuill, Thomas M.","contributorId":60580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuill","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014412,"text":"70014412 - 1988 - Contrasting serpentinization processes in the eastern Central Alps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014412","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting serpentinization processes in the eastern Central Alps","docAbstract":"Stable isotope compositions have been determined for serpentinites from between Davos (Arosa-Platta nappe, Switzerland) and the Valmalenco (Italy). ??D and ??18O values (-120 to -60 and 6-10???, respectively) in the Arosa-Platta nappe indicate that serpentinization took place on the continent at relatively low temperatures in the presence of limited amounts of metamorphic fluids that contained a component of meteoric water. One sample of chrysotile has a ??18O value of 13??? providing evidence of high W/R ratios and low formation temperature of lizardite-chrysotile in this area. In contrast, relatively high ??D values (-42 to -34???) and low ??18O values (4.4-7.4???) for serpentine in the eastern part of the Valmalenco suggest a serpentinization process that took place at moderate temperatures in fluids that were dominated by ocean water. The antigorite in the Valmalenco is the first reported example of continental antigorite with an ocean water signature. An amphibole sample from a metasomatically overprinted contact zone to metasediments (??D=-36???) indicates that the metasomatic event also took place in the presence of ocean water. Lower ??D values (-93 to -60???) of serpentines in the western part of the Valmalenco suggest a different alteration history possibly influenced by fluids associated with contact metamorphism. Low water/rock ratios during regional metamorphism (and metasomatism) have to be assumed for both regions. ?? 1988 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00371940","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Burkhard, D., and O’Neil, J.R., 1988, Contrasting serpentinization processes in the eastern Central Alps: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 99, no. 4, p. 498-506, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371940.","startPage":"498","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480015,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/47349","text":"External Repository"},{"id":205684,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371940"},{"id":226152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7ce4b0c8380cd4db0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhard, D.J.M.","contributorId":19716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhard","given":"D.J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014400,"text":"70014400 - 1988 - Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:27:29","indexId":"70014400","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples","docAbstract":"Three distinct types of solid material are associated with each sample of the hydrothermal fluid that was collected from the vents of the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. The solid materials appear to be representative of deposits on ocean floors near mid-ocean ridges, and interpretation of the chemistry of the hydrothermal solutions requires understanding of them. Sr isotopic evidence indicates that at least two and probably all three of these solid materials were removed from the solution with which they are associated, by precipitation or adsorption. This occurred after the \"pure\" hydrothermal fluid was diluted and thoroughly mixed with ambient seawater. The three types of solid materials, are, respectively, a coarse Zn- and Fe-rich material with small amounts of Na and Ca; a finer material also rich in Zn and Fe, but with alkali and alkaline-earth metals; and a scum composed of Ba or Zn, with either considerable Fe or Si, and Sr. Mineral identification is uncertain because of uncertain anion composition. Only in the cases of Ba and Zn were metal masses greater in solid materials than in the associated fluids. For all other metals measured, masses in fluids dwarf those in solids. The fluids themselves contain greater concentrations of all metals measured, except Mg, than seawater. We discuss in detail the relative merits of two methods of determining the mixing proportions of \"pure\" hydrothermal solution and seawater in the fluids, one based on Sr isotopes, and another previously used method based on Mg concentrations. Comparison of solute concentrations in the several samples shows that degree of dilution of \"pure\" hydrothermal solutions by seawater, and amounts of original solutes that were removed from it as solid materials, are not related. There is no clear evidence that appreciable amounts of solid materials were not conserved (lost) either during or prior to sample collection. ?? 1988.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Hinkley, T.K., Seeley, J.L., and Tatsumoto, M., 1988, Major- and minor-metal composition of three distinct solid material fractions associated with Juan de Fuca hydrothermal fluids (northeast Pacific), and calculation of dilution fluid samples: Chemical Geology, v. 70, no. 3, p. 235-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2.","startPage":"235","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266097,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90095-2"},{"id":225894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c25e4b0c8380cd69a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkley, T. K. 0000-0001-8507-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-6271","contributorId":78731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seeley, J. L.","contributorId":57864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207346,"text":"70207346 - 1988 - Climate and ephemeral-stream processes: Twentieth-century geomorphology and alluvial stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T14:05:03.621306","indexId":"70207346","displayToPublicDate":"1984-12-17T13:20:43","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate and ephemeral-stream processes: Twentieth-century geomorphology and alluvial stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona","docAbstract":"During the first 40 years of the twentieth century, erosion was the dominant geomorphic process affecting the morphology of the Little Colorado River channel. The discharge regimen was one of frequent large floods and high annual discharge that created a wide sandy channel free of vegetation. In the 1940s and early 1950s, average annual precipitation declined, reducing annual discharge to about 57% of that of the preceding period as well as reducing the frequency of large floods. The channel adjusted to the new hydrologic regimen by reducing its width. Parts of the channel were frequently dry, and riparian vegetation, primarily nonnative salt cedar, became established on the higher channel surfaces. Precipitation and discharge thereafter increased and aggradation by overbank deposition was the primary geomorphic process, as indicated by accretion of 2 to 5 m of flood-plain alluvium between 1952 and 1978. Events of 1980, however, suggest that the flood plain has ceased to accrete, although climate has not fluctuated. The flood plain has probably reached a critical height above the channel, beyond which further accretion is unlikely under the existing discharge regimen. The recent history of the Little Colorado broadly suggests that flood-plain development was initiated by climatically induced hydrologic fluctuations. Flood-plain deposits in the stratigraphic column of such ephemeral streams may record repeated adjustments to altered hydrologic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<654:CAEPTG>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., 1988, Climate and ephemeral-stream processes: Twentieth-century geomorphology and alluvial stratigraphy of the Little Colorado River, Arizona: GSA Bulletin, v. 95, no. 6, p. 654-668, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<654:CAEPTG>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"668","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Little Colorado Drainage Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -110.33020019531249,\n 34.9895035675793\n ],\n [\n -110.33020019531249,\n 36.02688935430189\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 36.02688935430189\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 34.9895035675793\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176434,"text":"70176434 - 1987 - A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:56:43.463027","indexId":"70176434","displayToPublicDate":"2016-03-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon","docAbstract":"The most recent eruptive period of Mount Hood volcano, the Old Maid eruptive period, was characterized by volcano-hydrologic events (hydrologic events initiated by volcanic activity) which resulted in extensive lahar inundation in the White, Sandy, and Zigzag River drainages and produced a lithic pyroclastic flow which traveled at least 9 km down the White River from the vent area at Crater Rock. Interpretations of downstream textural changes in deposits indicate that one lahar reached as far as Tygh Valley (65 km from the vent) before transforming into a lahar runout (hyperconcentrated flow). The runout inundated Tygh Valley and flowed into the Deschutes River, 75 km (flow path) from the volcano. A single lahar traveled more than 30 km down the Sandy River before transforming to a runout. Correlative sands and gravels are found as far as the apex of the Sandy River delta, more than 80 km from the volcano; these suggest that the flow underwent minimal attenuation of stage height throughout the length of Sandy River. Approximate dates ranging from 1760 A.D. to 1810 A.D. for various Old Maid-age events are inferred from dendrochronologic studies of old growth trees. There have been no apparent major topographic changes in the vent area since the end of Old Maid-age activity, enabling the events of the Old Maid eruptive period to be used as a model for future eruptive activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cameron, K.A., and Pringle, P.T., 1987, A detailed chronology of the most recent eruption period at Mount Hood, Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, p. 845-851, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<845:ADCOTM>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"845","endPage":"851","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":1,"text":"Abstract"},"url":"https://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/99/6/845","text":"Article abstract","description":"Article abstract"},{"id":328619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Mount Hood, Cascade Volcanic Arc in northern Oregon; approximately 50 miles east-southeast of Portland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.47842910891348\n ],\n [\n -121.5204620361328,\n 45.27053750018046\n ],\n [\n -121.96266174316406,\n 45.27053750018046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d9232de4b090824ffa19ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Kenneth A.","contributorId":9085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, P. T.","contributorId":116886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70007043,"text":"70007043 - 1987 - Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-10T01:01:45","indexId":"70007043","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T11:37:35","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects","docAbstract":"Many lakes in three areas in the Upper Midwest - northeastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan - have low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and may be susceptible to change by acidic deposition. Northcentral Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan together contain about 150-300 acidic lakes (ANC ≤ 0), whereas none have been found in Minnesota. These acidic lakes are precipitation-dominated, Clearwater seepage lakes having small surface area, shallow depth, and low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. The spatial distribution of these acidic lakes parallels a west to east gradient of increasing sulfate and hydrogen ion deposition. Several of these acidic lakes exhibit chemical characteristics and biological changes consistent with those observed elsewhere in waters reported to be acidified by acidic deposition. However, an hypothesis of recent lake acidification is not supported by analyses of either historical chemical data or diatom remains in lake sediments, and natural sources of acidity and alternative ecological processes have not been conclusively eliminated as causative factors. Streams in this three-state region have high ANC and appear to be insensitive to acidic deposition. The species richness and composition of lacustrine fish communities in the region are partly related to pH and associated chemical factors. Sport fishes considered acid-sensitive and of primary concern with regard to acidification include walleye, smallmouth bass, and black crappie. The fishery in at least one lake, Morgan Lake in Wisconsin (pH 4.6), may have declined because of acidification. Given the general lack of quantitative fishery data for acidic Wisconsin and Michigan lakes, however, more general conclusions concerning impacts or the absence of impacts of acidification on the region's fishery resources are not possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1080/07438148709354792","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Wiener, J., and Eilers, J., 1987, Chemical and biological status of lakes and streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 3, no. 1, p. 365-378, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480050,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":258291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258269,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354792","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota;Wisconsin;Michigan","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f53de4b0c8380cd4c129","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eilers, J.M.","contributorId":29103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eilers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}