{"pageNumber":"3670","pageRowStart":"91725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":1002530,"text":"1002530 - 1997 - Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:48","indexId":"1002530","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests in the southcentral United States have been cleared extensively for agriculture, and many of the remaining forests are fragmented and degraded. During the last decade, however, approximately 75,000 ha of land-mainly agricultural fields-have been replanted or contracted for replanting, with many more acres likely to be reforested in the near future. The approach used in most reforestation projects to date has been to plant one to three overstory tree species, usually Quercus spp. (oaks), and to rely on natural dispersal for the establishment of other woody species. I critique this practice by two means. First, a brief literature review demonstrates that moderately high woody species diversity occurs in natural bottomland hardwood forests in the region. This review, which relates diversity to site characteristics, serves as a basis for comparison with stands established by means of current reforestation practices. Second, I reevaluate data on the invasion of woody species from an earlier study of 10 reforestation projects in Mississippi,with the goal of assessing the likelihood that stands with high woody species diversity will develop. I show that natural invasion cannot always be counted on to produce a diverse stand, particularly on sites more than about 60 m from an existing forest edge. I then make several recommendations for altering current reforestation pactices in order to establish stands with greater woody species diversity, a more natural appearance,and a more positive environmental impact at scales larger than individual sites.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., 1997, Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods and the issue of woody species diversity: Restoration Ecology, v. 5, no. 2, p. 125-134, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133941,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15629,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09715.x","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6850.000000000000000"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63514b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019336,"text":"70019336 - 1997 - Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T15:45:22.378216","indexId":"70019336","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle","docAbstract":"<p><span>Seismic reflection and refraction and laboratory velocity data collected along a transect of northern Alaska (including the east edge of the Koyukuk basin, the Brooks Range, and the North Slope) yield a composite picture of the crustal and upper mantle structure of this Mesozoic and Cenozoic compressional orogen. The following observations are made: (1) Northern Alaska is underlain by nested tectonic wedges, most with northward vergence (i.e., with their tips pointed north). (2) High reflectivity throughout the crust above a basal decollement, which deepens southward from about 10 km depth beneath the northern front of the Brooks Range to about 30 km depth beneath the southern Brooks Range, is interpreted as structural complexity due to the presence of these tectonic wedges, or duplexes. (3) Low reflectivity throughout the crust below the decollement is interpreted as minimal deformation, which appears to involve chiefly bending of a relatively rigid plate consisting of the parautochthonous North Slope crust and a 10- to 15-km-thick section of mantle material. (4) This plate is interpreted as a southward verging tectonic wedge, with its tip in the lower crust or at the Moho beneath the southern Brooks Range. In this interpretation the middle and upper crust, or all of the crust, is detached in the southern Brooks Range by the tectonic wedge, or indentor: as a result, crust is uplifted and deformed above the wedge, and mantle is depressed and underthrust beneath this wedge. (5) Underthrusting has juxtaposed mantle of two different origins (and seismic velocities), giving rise to a prominent sub-Moho reflector.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB03959","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., Murphy, J., Lutter, W.J., Moore, T., Bird, K.J., and Christensen, N., 1997, Deep seismic structure and tectonics of northern Alaska: Crustal-scale duplexing with deformation extending into the upper mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20873-20896, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB03959.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"20873","endPage":"20896","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96jb03959","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2ae4b0c8380cd4eb67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, J.M.","contributorId":84760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lutter, W. J.","contributorId":90361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moore, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0878-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-0457","contributorId":85592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christensen, N.I.","contributorId":28016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"N.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019815,"text":"70019815 - 1997 - The ammonia-water system and the chemical differentiation of icy satellites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019815","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ammonia-water system and the chemical differentiation of icy satellites","docAbstract":"We report the discovery of the first high-pressure polymorphs of ammonia hydrates: ammonia monohydrate II and ammonia dihydrate II. The subsolidus transitions and melting curves of these substances are shown by their volume-temperature functions; uncalibrated calorimetry corroborates these phase changes. From 20 to 300 MPa ammonia dihydrate and ice melt at a eutectic to form water-rich liquids; at lower and higher pressures, ammonia dihydrate melts incongruently to ammonia-rich liquids. The new data are consistent with independently known thermodynamic parameters of the ammonia-water system. These results fill in an important region of pressure-temperature space not previously studied; a body of previous data reported by other investigators covers a complementary region (higher pressures), but in the light of the new data those earlier results now appear to have been misinterpreted. We show that a suitable reinterpretation of the previous data supports the identification of at least one high-pressure polymorph of each compound. The behavior of the system H2O-NH3in many ways follows that of MgO-SiO2, and the roles of ammonia-water in icy satellite evolution may parallel those of magnesium silicates in Earth's structure, volcanism, and deep mantle tectonism. Pressure-related effects, including a pressure influence on the ammonia content of cryomagmas, might be significant in determining some potentially observable aspects of cryovolcanic morphologies, surface compositions, and interior structures of icy satellites. ?? 1997 Academic Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/icar.1997.5705","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Hogenboom, D., Kargel, J., Consolmagno, G., Holden, T., Lee, L., and Buyyounouski, M., 1997, The ammonia-water system and the chemical differentiation of icy satellites: Icarus, v. 128, no. 1, p. 171-180, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1997.5705.","startPage":"171","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206029,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1997.5705"},{"id":227979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba9b8e4b08c986b32246e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hogenboom, D.L.","contributorId":57234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogenboom","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kargel, J.S.","contributorId":88096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kargel","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Consolmagno, G.J.","contributorId":30056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Consolmagno","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holden, T.C.","contributorId":45591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, L.","contributorId":77730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buyyounouski, M.","contributorId":85850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buyyounouski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1001778,"text":"1001778 - 1997 - Benthic invertebrates of the lower Jacks Forks River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-11T10:47:04","indexId":"1001778","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3636,"text":"Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic invertebrates of the lower Jacks Forks River","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Doisy, K., Rabeni, C., and Galat, D., 1997, Benthic invertebrates of the lower Jacks Forks River: Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science, v. 31, p. 19-36.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129359,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b506","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doisy, K.E.","contributorId":67452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doisy","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rabeni, C.F.","contributorId":67823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabeni","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galat, D.L.","contributorId":54546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019672,"text":"70019672 - 1997 - Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:21:28","indexId":"70019672","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer","docAbstract":"The research site at Otis Air Base, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has been developed for hydrogeological and geochemical studies of sewage-effluent contaminated groundwater since 1982. Research of hydrologic properties, transport, and chemical and biological processes is ongoing, but the origin of background water chemistry has not been determined. The principal geochemical process giving rise to the observed background water chemistry is CO2-controlled hydrolysis of Na feldspar. Geochemical modeling demonstrated that CO2 sources could vary over the project area. Analyses of unsaturated zone gases showed variations in CO2 which were dependent on land use and vegetative cover in the area of groundwater recharge. Measurements of CO2 in unsaturated-zone gases showed that concentrations of total inorganic C in recharge water should range from about 0.035 to 1.0 mmoles/L in the vicinity of Otis Air Base. Flux of CO2 from the unsaturated zone varied for a principal land uses, ranging from 86 gC/m2/yr for low vegetated areas to 1630 gC/m2/yr for a golf course. Carbon dioxide flux from woodlands was 220 gC/m2/yr, lower than reported fluxes of 500 to 600 gC/m2/yr for woodlands in a similar climate. Carbon dioxide flux from grassy areas was 540 gC/m2/yr, higher than reported fluxes of 230 to 490 gC/m2/yr for grasslands in a similar climate.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Lee, R.W., 1997, Effects of carbon dioxide variations in the unsaturated zone on water chemistry in a glacial-outwash aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 12, no. 4, p. 347-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206069,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00001-2"},{"id":228170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06a4e4b0c8380cd51352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019969,"text":"70019969 - 1997 - Daily air temperature interpolated at high spatial resolution over a large mountainous region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:08:47.917509","indexId":"70019969","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1249,"text":"Climate Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Daily air temperature interpolated at high spatial resolution over a large mountainous region","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two methods are investigated for interpolating daily minimum and maximum air temperatures (</span><i>T</i><sub>min</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>) at a 1 km spatial resolution over a large mountainous region (830000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The methods were selected because of their ability to (1) account for the effect of elevation on temperature and (2) efficiently handle large volumes of data. The first method, the neutral stability algorithm (NSA), used the hydrostatic and potential temperature equations to convert measured temperatures and elevations to sea-level potential temperatures. The potential temperatures were spatially interpolated using an inverse-squared-distance algorithm and then mapped to the elevation surface of a digital elevation model (DEM). The second method, linear lapse rate adjustment (LLRA), involved the same basic procedure as the NSA, but used a constant linear lapse rate instead of the potential temperature equation. Cross-validation analyses were performed using the NSA and LLRA methods to interpolate&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>min</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub>max</sub><span>&nbsp;each day for the 1990 water year, and the methods were evaluated based on mean annual interpolation error (IE). The NSA method showed considerable bias for sites associated with vertical extrapolation. A correction based on climate station/grid cell elevation differences was developed and found to successfully remove the bias. The LLRA method was tested using 3 lapse rates, none of which produced a serious extrapolation bias. The bias-adjusted NSA and the 3 LLRA methods produced almost identical levels of accuracy (mean absolute errors between 1.2 and 1.3°C), and produced very similar temperature surfaces based on image difference statistics. In terms of accuracy, speed, and ease of implementation, LLRA was chosen as the best of the methods tested.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/cr008001","usgsCitation":"Dodson, R., and Marks, D., 1997, Daily air temperature interpolated at high spatial resolution over a large mountainous region: Climate Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr008001.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479958,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/cr008001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.35740178539734,\n              41.94904025614301\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03225003371607,\n              41.93742777637189\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.48834612034413,\n              40.9176439052944\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.72388938476614,\n              42.66533643019653\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.01360334189427,\n              44.18970924122567\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.36863778871454,\n              44.74995210436717\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.91949393733323,\n              44.48388177790136\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.03863331003727,\n              45.63195860504365\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.40185577882981,\n              45.49049959781385\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.312045755575,\n              46.57186822413172\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.68291903438966,\n              47.262324776077406\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.14277833254393,\n              52.00425269568251\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.67864734734557,\n              52.531986109520034\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.76045762190876,\n              49.076311953173274\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.9864294591637,\n              49.0079546326657\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.82184779331914,\n              48.37674912138431\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.38502490012432,\n              48.19923224450625\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.73754838362551,\n              48.55994235607929\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.66437866610606,\n              47.904949514202855\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.09198148165474,\n              46.491731321237665\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.67167014376211,\n              42.74827732639298\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.35740178539734,\n              41.94904025614301\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd58e4b0c8380cd4e7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodson, R.","contributorId":67233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marks, D.","contributorId":93217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020111,"text":"70020111 - 1997 - The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:14:22","indexId":"70020111","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter","docAbstract":"Concentrations of dissolved ions from samples collected by wet/dry collectors were compared to those collected by bulk collectors at Halfmoon Creek and Ned Wilson Lake in western Colorado to determine if bulk collectors can be used to monitor wet deposition chemistry in remote, high-altitude regions in winter. Hydrogen-ion concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the bulk collectors. All other ion concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the bulk collectors except for ammonium (p > 0.05) at Halfmoon Creek. Wet deposition concentrations were predicated from bulk deposition concentrations through linear regression analysis. Results indicate that anions (chloride, nitrate and sulfate) can be predicted with a high degree of confidence. Lack of significant differences between seasonal (winter and summer) ratios of bulk to wet deposition concentrations indicates that at sites where operation of a wet/dry collector during the winter is not practical, wet deposition concentrations can be predicted from bulk collector samples through regression analysis of wet and bulk deposition data collected during the summer.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02406168","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A., Turk, J., and Campbell, K., 1997, The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 95, no. 1-4, p. 237-255, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406168.","startPage":"237","endPage":"255","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406168"}],"volume":"95","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb162e4b08c986b3252fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, A.J.","contributorId":25189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, J.T.","contributorId":94259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, K.","contributorId":63351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":47665,"text":"St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019358,"text":"70019358 - 1997 - Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:10:39.081665","indexId":"70019358","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA","docAbstract":"Rockfalls and debris avalanches from steep hillslopes in northern Vermont are a continuing hazard for motorists, mountain climbers, and hikers. Huge blocks of massive schist and gneiss can reach the valley floor intact, whereas others may trigger debris avalanches on their downward travel. Block movement is facilitated by major joints both parallel and perpendicular to the glacially over-steepened valley walls. The slope failures occur most frequently in early spring, accompanying freeze/thaw cycles, and in the summer, following heavy rains. The study reported here began in August 1986 and ended in June 1989. Manual and automated measurements of temperature and displacement were made at two locations on opposing valley walls. Both cyclic-reversible and permanent displacements occurred during the 13-month monitoring period. The measurements indicate that freeze/thaw mechanisms produce small irreversible incremental movements, averaging 0.53 mm/yr, that displace massive blocks and produce rockfalls. The initial freeze/thaw weakening of the rock mass also makes slopes more susceptible to attrition by water, and heavy rains have triggered rockfalls and consequent debris flows and avalanches. Temperature changes on the rock surface produced time-dependent cyclic displacements of the rock blocks that were not instantaneous but lagged behind the temperature changes. Statistical analyses of the data were used to produce models of cyclic time-dependent rock block behavior. Predictions based solely on temperature changes gave poor results. A model using time and temperature and incorporating the lag effect predicts block displacement more accurately.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Engineering Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.III.2.161","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Lee, F.T., Odum, J.K., and Lee, J., 1997, Slope failures in Northern Vermont, USA: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 3, no. 2, p. 161-182, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.III.2.161.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"182","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226334,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.36299789778971\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.19585679900901,\n              44.36299789778971\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.19585679900901,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.84405015838415,\n              44.956890287085855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b915fe4b08c986b319880","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, F. T.","contributorId":50163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, J. K.","contributorId":105705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, J.D.","contributorId":15773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020124,"text":"70020124 - 1997 - Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020124","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal","docAbstract":"Major element mass balances for Lake Baikal are calculated with mostly previously published data for soluble fluxes and new, unpublished data for riverine suspended particulate matter chemistry. Physical transport seems to be the most important riverine process. The elements Ca, Mg, and Na seem to be very mobile in the weathering mantle and K and Si seem to be relatively mobile. A comparison of elemental input-output budgets and mass accumulation rates (MAR) in bottom sediments shows that most major elements, except Ca, Si, and Mn, have comparable riverine particulate matter fluxes and MARs. The addition of wet atmospheric deposition fluxes results in an excess of Ca, Mg, and Na entering the lake. The additive effect of these excess inputs during a 40-year period amounts to undetectable concentration increases in the water column. If erosion of weathered bedrock is the source of most dissolved and all particulate matter transported to the lake, theoretical elemental fluxes can be calculated with Al as the conservative element. Flux ratios (observed/theoretical) range from 0.7 to 2.2, but most fall within the acceptable range of 0.7-1.5. Major rock-forming elements are carried by rivers as weathering products and there are minimal biogeochemical processes that modify these inputs as suspended particulate matter accumulates in the bottom sediments of the lake.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Callender, E., and Granina, L., 1997, Geochemical mass balances of major elements in Lake Baikal: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 42, no. 1, p. 148-155.","startPage":"148","endPage":"155","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227787,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1686e4b0c8380cd5519b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Callender, E.","contributorId":72528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granina, L.","contributorId":94052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granina","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019195,"text":"70019195 - 1997 - Effects of zebra mussels on food webs: Interactions with juvenile bluegill and water residence time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T10:50:27.612656","indexId":"70019195","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of zebra mussels on food webs: Interactions with juvenile bluegill and water residence time","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>We evaluated how water residence time mediated the impact of zebramussels Dreissena polymorpha and bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus on experimental food webs established in1100-l outdoor mesocosms. Water residence time was manipulated asa surrogate for seston resupply – a critical variable affectinggrowth and survival of suspension-feeding invertebrates. We used a2×2×2 factorial experimental design witheight treatment combinations (3 replicates/treatment) including thepresence or absence of Dreissena (2000 per m<sup>2</sup>), juvenilebluegill (40 per mesocosm), and short (1100 l per d) or long (220 lper d) water residence time. Measures of seston concentration(chlorophyll a, turbidity and suspended solids) were greaterin the short- compared to long water-residence mesocosms, butintermediate in short water-residence mesocosms containing Dreissena. Abundance of rotifers (Keratella and Polyarthra) was reduced in Dreissena mesocosms and elevatedin short residence time mesocosms. Cladocera abundance, in general,was unaffected by the presence of Dreissena; densities werehigher in short-residence time mesocosms, and reduced in thepresence of Lepomis. The growth of juvenile Lepomiswere unaffected by Dreissena because of abundant benthicfood. The final total mass of Dreissena was significantlygreater in short- than long-residence mesocosms. Impacts of Dreissena on planktonic food webs may not only depend on thedensity of zebra mussels but also on the residence time of thesurrounding water and the resupply of seston.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1003048431234","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Richardson, W.B., and Bartsch, L., 1997, Effects of zebra mussels on food webs: Interactions with juvenile bluegill and water residence time: Hydrobiologia, v. 354, no. 1-3, p. 141-150, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003048431234.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"354","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a084ae4b0c8380cd51a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richardson, W. B.","contributorId":16363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019883,"text":"70019883 - 1997 - Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70019883","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro","docAbstract":"Adult spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) elaborate high plasma concentrations of testosterone during sexual maturation, and these levels of testosterone have been shown to reduce the salmonid immune response in vitro. Our search for the mechanism of testosterone's immunosuppressive action has led to the characterization of an androgen receptor in salmonid leukocytes. In the present study we examined the specific effects that testosterone had on salmonid leukocytes. Direct counts of viable leukocytes after incubation with and without physiological levels of testosterone demonstrate a significant loss of leukocytes in cultures exposed to testosterone. At least 5 days of contact with testosterone was required to produce significant immunosuppression and addition of a 'conditioned media' (supernatant from proliferating lymphocytes not exposed to testosterone) did not reverse the immunosuppressive effects of testosterone. These data lead us to conclude that testosterone may exert its immunosuppressive effects by direct action on salmonid leukocytes, through the androgen receptor described, and that this action leads to the death of a significant number of these leukocytes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1996.6858","issn":"00166480","usgsCitation":"Slater, C., and Schreck, C., 1997, Physiological levels of testosterone kill salmonid leukocytes in vitro: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 106, no. 1, p. 113-119, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1996.6858.","startPage":"113","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205966,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1996.6858"},{"id":227692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"106","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b20e4b0c8380cd79280","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, C.H.","contributorId":26462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreck, C.B.","contributorId":11977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019566,"text":"70019566 - 1997 - Variation of the 3-μm absorption feature on Mars: observations over eastern Valles Marineris by the mariner 6 infrared spectrometer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-19T16:18:32","indexId":"70019566","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation of the 3-μm absorption feature on Mars: observations over eastern Valles Marineris by the mariner 6 infrared spectrometer","docAbstract":"<p>A new approach for calibration of the shortest wavelength channel (1.8 to 6.0 &mu;m) of the Mariner 6 infrared spectrometer was derived. This calibration provides a new description of the instrument response function from 1.8 to 3.7 &mu;m and accounts for the thermal contribution to the signal at longer wavelengths. This allows the two segments from 1.8 to 6 &mu;m to be merged into a single spectrum. The broad water of hydration absorption spans these two segments and is examined in these merged spectra using a method of band integration. Unlike previous analyses which rely on ratios at two wavelengths, the integration method can assess the band strength independently from the albedo in the near infrared. Spectra taken over the eastern end of the Valles Marineris are examined for variations of the band-integrated value, and three distinct clusters are found. Within the estimated uncertainty, two clusters (both low and high albedo) have approximately the same integrated band depth. The third cluster (medium albedo) has an integrated band depth about 10% higher. This difference cannot be systematically attributed to either surface or atmospheric parameters and suggests variation in the amount of water either chemically or physically bound in surface materials. Approximately one-half of the high integrated band depth cluster is associated with chaotic terrain at the source of outflow channels, the other half occurs over lower inertia plains adjacent to chasmata. This suggests both surface physical properties and mineralogy as well as water in exchange with the atmosphere contribute to the 3-&mu;m bound water absorption.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/96JE03767","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., 1997, Variation of the 3-μm absorption feature on Mars: observations over eastern Valles Marineris by the mariner 6 infrared spectrometer: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 102, no. E4, p. 9097-9107, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JE03767.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"9097","endPage":"9107","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96je03767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"E4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc172e4b08c986b32a590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M.","contributorId":93508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019759,"text":"70019759 - 1997 - Late summer and fall use of stream margins by young-of year brown trout in a high-elevation stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T11:22:42.922961","indexId":"70019759","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late summer and fall use of stream margins by young-of year brown trout in a high-elevation stream","docAbstract":"We determined the relative abundance of young-of-year (YOY) brown trout (Salmo trutta) from late summer to fall during day and night in stream margin habitats of Douglas Creek, Wyoming. No significant differences in relative abundance were observed from August 14 through October 26. Few YOY brown trout were observed during the day over the entire sampling period, but significantly greater numbers were seen at night. Within stream margins, YOY brown trout of 36-75 mm total length primarily resided in concealment cover among interstices of cobbie during the day and emerged at night. Because no significant change in relative abundance was observed throughout the study period, we conclude that a shift to winter habitat did not occur up until three days prior to ice formation when the diurnal range in water temperature was 2.5-7.5??C.","language":"English","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"La Voie, W.J., and Hubert, W., 1997, Late summer and fall use of stream margins by young-of year brown trout in a high-elevation stream: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 291-302.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a455ee4b0c8380cd6726c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"La Voie, W. J. IV","contributorId":100555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Voie","given":"W.","suffix":"IV","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, W.A.","contributorId":12822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019884,"text":"70019884 - 1997 - Results of a prototype surface water network design for pesticides developed for the San Joaquin River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:36:13","indexId":"70019884","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of a prototype surface water network design for pesticides developed for the San Joaquin River Basin, California","docAbstract":"A nested surface water monitoring network was designed and tested to measure variability in pesticide concentrations in the San Joaquin River and selected tributaries during the irrigation season. The network design an d sampling frequency necessary for determining the variability and distribution in pesticide concentrations were tested in a prototype study. The San Joaquin River Basin, California, was sampled from April to August 1992, a period during the irrigation season where there was no rainfall. Orestimba Creek, which drains a part of the western San Joaquin Valley, was sampled three times per week for 6 weeks, followed by a once per week sampling for 6 weeks, and the three times per week sampling for 6 weeks. A site on the San Joaquin River near the mouth of the basin, and an irrigation drain of the eastern San Joaquin Valley, were sampled weekly during the entire sampling period. Pesticides were most often detected in samples collected from Orestimba Creek. This suggests that the western valley was the principal source of pesticides to the San Joaquin River during the irrigation season. Irrigation drainage water was the source of pesticides to Orestimba Creek. Pesticide concentrations of Orestimba Creek showed greater temporal variability when sampled three times per week than when sampled once a week, due to variations in field management and irrigation. The implication for the San Joaquin River basin (an irrigation-dominated agricultural setting) is that frequent sampling of tributary sites is necessary to describe the variability in pesticides transported to the San Joaquin River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03124-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1997, Results of a prototype surface water network design for pesticides developed for the San Joaquin River Basin, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 192, no. 1-4, p. 33-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03124-1.","startPage":"33","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205967,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03124-1"}],"volume":"192","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aab1de4b0c8380cd866a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019197,"text":"70019197 - 1997 - High-resolution seismic reflection profiling of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, West Los Angeles, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:47:45.464719","indexId":"70019197","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-resolution seismic reflection profiling of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, West Los Angeles, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>High-resolution seismic reflection data obtained across the Santa Monica fault in west Los Angeles reveal the near-surface geometry of this active, oblique-reverse-left-lateral fault. Although near-surface fault dips as great as 55° cannot be ruled out, we interpret the fault to dip northward at 30° to 35° in the upper few hundred meters, steepening to ≥65° at 1 to 2 km depth. A total of ∼180 m of near-field thrust separation (fault slip plus drag folding) has occurred on the fault since the development of a prominent erosional surface atop ∼1.2 Ma strata. In the upper 20 to 40 m strain is partitioned between the north-dipping main thrust strand and several closely spaced, near-vertical strike-slip faults observed in paleoseismologic trenches. The main thrust strand can be traced to within 20 m of the ground surface, suggesting that it breaks through to the surface in large earthquakes. Uplift of a ∼50,000-year-old alluvial fan surface indicates a short-term, dip-slip rate of ∼0.5 mm/yr, similar to the ∼0.6 mm/yr dip-slip rate derived from vertical separation of the oxygen isotope stage 5e marine terrace 3 km west of the study site. If the 0.6 mm/yr minimum, dip-slip-only rate characterizes the entire history of the fault, then the currently active strand of the Santa Monica fault probably began moving within the past ∼300,000 years.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97GL01940","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dolan, J., and Pratt, T.L., 1997, High-resolution seismic reflection profiling of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, West Los Angeles, California: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 24, no. 16, p. 2051-2054, https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01940.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2051","endPage":"2054","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01940","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226502,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a311ee4b0c8380cd5dc4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolan, J.F.","contributorId":64813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T. L.","contributorId":53072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019210,"text":"70019210 - 1997 - Phosphates in some Missouri refractory clays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:06:30","indexId":"70019210","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphates in some Missouri refractory clays","docAbstract":"<p>This paper describes in detail phosphate minerals occurring in refractory clays of Missouri and their effect on the refractory degree of the clays. The minerals identified include carbonate-fluorapatite (francolite), crandallite, goyazite, wavellite, variscite and strengite. It is emphasized that these phosphates occur only in local isolated concentrations, and not generally in Missouri refractory clays.</p><p>The Missouri fireclay region comprises 2 districts, northern and southern, separated by the Missouri River. In this region, clay constitutes a major part of the Lower Pennsylvanian Cheltenham Formation. The original Cheltenham mud was an argillic residue derived from leaching and dissolution of pre-Pennsylvanian carbonates. The mud accumulated on a karstic erosion surface truncating the pre-Cheltenham rocks. Fireclays of the northern district consist mainly of poorly ordered kaolinite, with variable but minor amounts of illite, chlorite and fine-grained detrital quartz. Clays of the southern district were subjected to extreme leaching that produced well-ordered kaolinite flint clays. Local desilication formed pockets of diaspore, or more commonly, kaolinite, with oolite-like nubs or burls of diaspore (“burley”\" clay).</p><p>The phosphate-bearing materials have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectral analysis (SEM-EDS) and chemical analysis. Calcian goyazite was identified in a sample of diaspore, and francolite in a sample of flint clay. A veinlet of wavellite occurs in flint clay at one locality, and a veinlet of variscite-strengite at another locality.</p><p>The Missouri flint-clay-hosted francolite could not have formed in the same manner as marine francolite. The evidence suggests that the Cheltenham francolite precipitated from ion complexes in pore water, nearly simultaneously with crystallization of kaolinite flint clay from an alumina-silica gel. Calcian goyazite is an early diagenetic addition to its diaspore host. The wavellite and variscite-strengite veinlets are secondary, precipitated from ion complexes in ground water percolating along cracks in the flint clay. The flint clay host of the variscite-strengite veinlet contains strontian crandallite. All of the phosphates contain significant amounts of strontium. The source of P, Ca and Sr was the marine carbonates. Dissolution of these carbonates produced the argillic residue that became the primordial Cheltenham paludal mud, which ultimately altered to fireclay.</p><p>Preliminary firing tests show that the presence of phosphates lowers fusion temperature. However, it is not clear whether poor refractoriness is due to the presence of phosphates, per se, or to Ca, Sr and other alkaline elements present in the phosphates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450306","usgsCitation":"Halley, R., Foord, E.E., Keller, D.J., and Keller, W.D., 1997, Phosphates in some Missouri refractory clays: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 45, no. 3, p. 353-364, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450306.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"364","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78a6e4b0c8380cd7874e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halley, Robert B.","contributorId":45692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halley","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, David J.","contributorId":74525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keller, Walter D.","contributorId":14813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019184,"text":"70019184 - 1997 - Quantitative controls on location and architecture of carbonate depositional sequences: Upper miocene, cabo de gata region, SE Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-16T11:18:54.237189","indexId":"70019184","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2452,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative controls on location and architecture of carbonate depositional sequences: Upper miocene, cabo de gata region, SE Spain","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12461469\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Sequence stratigraphy, pinning-point relative sea-level curves, and magnetostratigraphy provide the quantitative data necessary to understand how rates of sea-level change and different substrate paleoslopes are dominant controls on accumulation rate, carbonate depositional sequence location, and internal architecture. Five third-order (1-10 my) and fourth-order (0.1-1.0 my) upper Miocene carbonate depositional sequences (DS1A, DS1B, DS2, DS3, TCC) formed with superimposed higher-frequency sea-level cycles in an archipelago setting in SE Spain. Overall, our study indicates when areas of high substrate slope (&gt;15 degrees ) are in shallow water, independent of climate, the location and internal architecture of carbonate deposits are not directly linked to sea-level position but, instead, are controlled by location of gently sloping substrates and processes of bypass. In contrast, if carbonate sediments are generated where substrates of low slope (&lt;15 degrees in our area) are in shallow water, then architecture and location of deposits may be more directly controlled by the relative position of sea level. For these systems, the rates of relative sea-level change are important for determining which systems tracts develop. DS1A-DS1B, cooler-water ramps, result from sediment bypass across steep paleoslopes to toes of slopes. Accumulation rates decreased from &gt;15.6 cm/ky to approximately 2 cm/ky and overall relative sea level rose at rates of 17-21.4 cm/ky. Higher frequency sea-level rates were about 111 to more than 260 cm/ky, producing onlapping, fining- (deepening-) upward cycles. Decreasing accumulation rates resulted from decreasing surface area for shallow-water sediment production, drowning of shallow-water substrates, and complex sediment dispersal related to the archipelago setting. Typical systems tract and parasequence development should not be expected in \"bypass ramp\" settings; facies of onlapping strata do not track base level and are likely to be significantly different compared to onlapping strata associated with coastal onlap. Basal and upper DS2 reef megabreccias (indicating the transition from cool to warmer climatic conditions) were eroded from steep upslope positions and redeposited downslope onto areas of gentle substrate during rapid sea-level falls (&gt;22.7 cm/ky) of short duration. Such rapid sea-level falls and presence of steep slopes are not conducive to formation of forced regressive systems tracts composed of down-stepping reef clinoforms. The DS3 reefal platform formed where shallow water coincided with gently sloping substrates created by earlier deposition. Slow progradation (0.39-1.45 km/my) is best explained by the lack of an extensive bank top, progressively falling sea level, and low productivity resulting from siliciclastic debris and excess nutrients shed from nearby volcanic islands. Although DS3 strata were deposited during a third-order relative sea-level cycle, a typical transgressive systems tract is not recognizable, indicating that the initial relative rise in sea level was too rapid (&gt;&gt;19 cm/ky). Downstepping reefs, forming a forced regressive systems tract, were deposited during the relative sea-level fall at the end of DS3, indicating that relatively slow rates of fall (10 cm/ky or less) over favorable paleoslope conditions are conducive to generation of forced regressive systems tracts consisting of downstepping reef clinoforms. The TCC sequence consists of four shallow-water sedimentary cycles that were deposited during a 400 ky to 100 ky time span. Such shallow-water cycles, typical of many platforms, form only where shallow water intersects gently sloping substrates. The relative thicknesses of cycles (&lt;2 m to 15 m thick), magnitudes of relative sea-level fluctuations associated with each cycle (25-30 m), high rates of relative sea-level fluctuations (minimum of 25-120 cm/ky), and the widespread distribution of similar TCC cycles in the Mediterranean and elsewhere are supportive of a glacio-eustatic influence. With rates of sea-level change so high, typical systems tracts do not form.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/jsr.68.283","issn":"10731318","usgsCitation":"Franseen, E.K., Goldstein, R., and Farr, M., 1997, Quantitative controls on location and architecture of carbonate depositional sequences: Upper miocene, cabo de gata region, SE Spain: Journal of Sedimentary Research B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies, v. 68, no. 2, p. 283-292, https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.68.283.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226324,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/sepm/journals/v66-67/data/068/068002/0283.HTM"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9210e4b0c8380cd8061e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franseen, E. K.","contributorId":30367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franseen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldstein, R.H.","contributorId":18908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldstein","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farr, M.R.","contributorId":65240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farr","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019701,"text":"70019701 - 1997 - Evidence for radionuclide transport by sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70019701","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evidence for radionuclide transport by sea ice","docAbstract":"Ice and ice-borne sediments were collected across the Arctic Basin during the Arctic Ocean Section, 1994 (AOS-94), a recent US/Canada trans- Arctic expedition. Sediments were analysed for 137Cs, clay mineralogy and carbon. Concentrations of 137Cs ranged from 5 to 73 Bq kg-1 in the ice- borne sediments. Concentrations of ice samples without sediment were all less than 1 Bq m-3. The sediment sample with the highest 137Cs concentration (73 Bq kg-1)was collected in the Beaufort Sea. This concentration was significantly higher than in bottom sediments collected in the same area, indicating an ice transport mechanism from an area with correspondingly higher concentrations. Recent results from the application of ice transport models and sediment analyses indicate that it is very likely that sediments are transported by ice, from the Siberian shelf areas to the Beaufort Sea.","largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00121-6","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Meese, D., Reimnitz, E., Tucker, W.B., Gow, A.J., Bischof, J., and Darby, D., 1997, Evidence for radionuclide transport by sea ice, <i>in</i> Science of the Total Environment, v. 202, no. 1-3, p. 267-278, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00121-6.","startPage":"267","endPage":"278","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206045,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00121-6"},{"id":228054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"202","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d50e4b0c8380cd52f42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meese, D.A.","contributorId":84095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meese","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, W. B. III","contributorId":73358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"W.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gow, A. J.","contributorId":45070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gow","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bischof, J.","contributorId":80839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischof","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Darby, D.","contributorId":24941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019217,"text":"70019217 - 1997 - New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019217","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1855,"text":"Great Lakes Entomologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes","docAbstract":"The native aquatic weevil, Euhrychiopsis lecontei is currently being researched as a potential biological control for the exotic aquatic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), yet little is known about its specific distribution in North America. In this study, E. lecontei was collected in 25 of 27 lakes surveyed for the weevil in Wisconsin, greatly increasing the known distribution of the species in this state. E. lecontei densities evaluated in 14 Wisconsin lakes ranged from <0.01 to 1.91 weevils per apical stem of milfoil. These new records indicate that E. lecontei is widespread throughout Wisconsin and is associated with natural declines of M. spicatum in some lakes. Additional sampling for E. lecontei and research on its ecology and life history are needed to understand the role of this organism in aquatic ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Lakes Entomologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00900222","usgsCitation":"Jester, L., Bozek, M.A., Sheldon, S., and Helsel, D., 1997, New records for Euhrychiopsis Lecontei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their densities in Wisconsin lakes: Great Lakes Entomologist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 169-176.","startPage":"169","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6603e4b0c8380cd72cd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jester, L.L.","contributorId":28759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jester","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bozek, Michael A.","contributorId":51030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bozek","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheldon, S.P.","contributorId":69724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheldon","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helsel, D.R.","contributorId":57448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsel","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7242,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019567,"text":"70019567 - 1997 - Transport and degradation of semivolatile hydrocarbons in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, Bemidji, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T17:39:34.643169","indexId":"70019567","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport and degradation of semivolatile hydrocarbons in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, Bemidji, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were used as probes to identify the processes controlling the transport and fate of aqueous semivolatile hydrocarbons (SVHCs) in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. PAH and other SVHCs were isolated from ground water by field solid-phase extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Close to the oil body, aqueous aliphatic hydrocarbon compositions are substantially different from the parent oil, suggesting microbial alteration prior to or during dissolution. Aqueous PAH concentrations are elevated above oil-water equilibrium concentrations directly beneath the oil and decrease dramatically at distances ranging from the 25 to 65 m downgradient from the leading edge of the oil body. Variations in downgradient distributions of naphthalene, fluorene and phenanthrene, coupled with their biodegradation, partitioning and volatility characteristics, suggest that the PAH are useful probes for distinguishing between the biogeochemical processes affecting SVHC transport and persistence in ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch026","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E., Koleis, J., and Aiken, G., 1997, Transport and degradation of semivolatile hydrocarbons in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer, Bemidji, Minnesota: ACS Symposium Series, v. 671, p. 398-412, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0671.ch026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"398","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227874,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.81849145043573,\n              47.63065049734956\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.08942367782309,\n              47.63065049734956\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.08942367782309,\n              47.44684126204635\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81849145043573,\n              47.44684126204635\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.81849145043573,\n              47.63065049734956\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"671","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb733e4b08c986b3270f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koleis, J. C.","contributorId":62082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koleis","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1003019,"text":"1003019 - 1997 - Longitudinal patterns in abundance of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T11:27:21.638453","indexId":"1003019","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Longitudinal patterns in abundance of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">We assessed the abundance of zebra mussels in the upper Mississippi River during 1995, four years after they were first found in the river. Samplers were deployed from May 30 to October 19, 1995, at 19 lock and dam facilities in the upper Mississippi River from Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Muscatine, Iowa. Zebra mussels were found at every lock and dam except the two sites farthest upstream (Minneapolis). Generally, densities of zebra mussels were greatest at sites 161 km and farther downstream of the Minneapolis area. The greatest mean mussel density was 11,432/m<sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>at Fulton, Illinois.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1997.9663531","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Cope, W., Bartsch, M., and Hayden, R., 1997, Longitudinal patterns in abundance of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the upper Mississippi River: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 12, no. 2, p. 235-238, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1997.9663531.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"238","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131409,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640a8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cope, W.G.","contributorId":71918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartsch, M.R.","contributorId":42908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayden, R.R.","contributorId":52924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayden","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019888,"text":"70019888 - 1997 - Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances: The role of molecular weight and aromaticity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:07:40","indexId":"70019888","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances: The role of molecular weight and aromaticity","docAbstract":"The binding of pyrene to a number of humic substances isolated from various aquatic sources and a commercial humic acid was measured using the solubility enhancement method. The humic materials used in this study were characterized by various spectroscopic and liquid chromatography methods. A strong correlation was observed between the pyrene binding coefficient, K(doc), and the molecular weights, molar absorptivities at 280 nm, and aromaticity of the aquatic humic substances. Binding of pyrene to the commercial humic acid, however, was significantly stronger and did not obey the relationships observed between K(doc) and the chemical properties of the aquatic humic substrates. These results suggest that the molecular weight and the aromatic content of the humic substrates exert influences on the binding of nonpolar and planar aromatic molecules and that the physicochemical properties of both humic materials and organic solutes are important in controlling the speciation of nonpolar organic contaminants in natural waters.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960404k","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chin, Y., Aiken, G., and Danielsen, K., 1997, Binding of pyrene to aquatic and commercial humic substances: The role of molecular weight and aromaticity: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1630-1635, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960404k.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1630","endPage":"1635","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205975,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960404k"}],"volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f135e4b0c8380cd4aacf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielsen, K.M.","contributorId":6208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielsen","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019890,"text":"70019890 - 1997 - A note on the trilobite genus Dixiphopyge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019890","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":790,"text":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the trilobite genus Dixiphopyge","docAbstract":"Recovery of the first nearly complete thoracopygon of the trilobite genus Dixiphopyge Brezinski from the Chouteau Formation of central Missouri aids in evaluating the paleoecology and taxonomic affinities of this genus. Dixiphopyge is an isopygous trilobite, suboval in outline, and possessing nine thoracic segments. At the apex of each axial ring is a hollow tubercle that may represent the base of a short spine. Dixiphopyge inhabited muddy biostrome environments. In an enrolled position Dixiphopyge is interpreted to have looked somewhat like a porcupine with its spines radiating outward, presumably to inhibit its consumption by predators. Previous subfamily assignment of Dixiphopyge in the Otarioninae with Cyphaspis and Namuropyge may have been incorrect, because the latter two genera possess broad preglabellar fields and are micropygous.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Carnegie Museum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00974463","usgsCitation":"Brezinski, D., 1997, A note on the trilobite genus Dixiphopyge: Annals of Carnegie Museum, v. 66, no. 1, p. 83-87.","startPage":"83","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4c5e4b0c8380cd468fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brezinski, D. K.","contributorId":39010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brezinski","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019185,"text":"70019185 - 1997 - XRD measurement of mean crystallite thickness of illite and illite/smectite: Reappraisal of the Kubler index and the Scherrer equation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-27T18:09:11","indexId":"70019185","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1245,"text":"Clays and Clay Minerals","onlineIssn":"1552-8367","printIssn":"0009-8604","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"XRD measurement of mean crystallite thickness of illite and illite/smectite: Reappraisal of the Kubler index and the Scherrer equation","docAbstract":"<p>The standard form of the Scherrer equation, which has been used to calculate the mean thickness of the coherent scattering domain (CSD) of illite crystals from X-ray diffraction (XRD) full width data at half maximum (FWHM) intensity, employs a constant, <i>K</i><sub>sh</sub>, of 0.89. Use of this constant is unjustified, even if swelling has no effect on peak broadening, because this constant is valid only if all CSDs have a single thickness. For different thickness distributions, the Scherrer “constant” has very different values.</p><p>Analysis of fundamental particle thickness data (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) for samples of authigenic illite and illite/smectite from diagenetically altered pyroclastics and filamentous illites from sandstones reveals a unique family of lognormal thickness distributions for these clays. Experimental relations between the distributions' lognormal parameters and mean thicknesses are established. These relations then are used to calculate the mean thickness of CSDs for illitic samples from XRD FWHM, or from integral XRD peak widths (integrated intensity/maximum intensity).</p><p>For mixed-layer illite/smectite, the measured thickness of the CSD corresponds to the mean thickness of the mixed-layer crystal. Using this measurement, the mean thickness of the fundamental particles that compose the mixed-layer crystals can be calculated after XRD determination of percent smectitic interlayers. The effect of mixed layering (swelling) on XRD peak width for these samples is eliminated by using the 003 reflection for glycolated samples, and the 001, 002 or 003 reflection for dehydrated, K-saturated samples. If this technique is applied to the 001 reflection of air-dried samples (Kubler index measurement), mean CSD thicknesses are underestimated due to the mixed-layering effect.</p><p>The technique was calibrated using NEW MOD©-simulated XRD profiles of illite, and then tested on well-characterized illite and illite/smectite samples. The XRD measurements are in good agreement with estimates of the mean thickness of fundamental particles obtained both from TEM measurements and from fixed cations content, up to a mean value of 20 layers. Correction for instrumental broadening under the conditions employed here is unnecessary for this range of thicknesses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Clay Minerals Society","doi":"10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450315","usgsCitation":"Drits, V.A., Srodon, J., and Eberl, D.D., 1997, XRD measurement of mean crystallite thickness of illite and illite/smectite: Reappraisal of the Kubler index and the Scherrer equation: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 45, no. 3, p. 461-475, https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450315.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"475","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1f9e4b08c986b32f60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drits, Victor A.","contributorId":65616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drits","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Srodon, Jan","contributorId":50780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Srodon","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019568,"text":"70019568 - 1997 - Geochemistry of oils from the Junggar basin, northwest China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:34:18.571462","indexId":"70019568","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of oils from the Junggar basin, northwest China","docAbstract":"<p>The Junggar basin of northwestern China is a structural basin containing a thick sequence of Paleozoic-Pleistocene rocks with estimated oil reserves of as much as 5 billion bbl. Analyses of 19 oil samples from nine producing fields and two oil-stained cores in the Junggar basin revealed the presence of at least five genetic oil types. The geochemistry of the oils indicates source organic matter deposited in fresh to brackish lake and marine environments, including coaly organic matter sources.</p><p>The volumetrically most important oil type discovered to date is produced from Late Carboniferous-Middle Triassic reservoirs in the giant Karamay field and nearby fields located along the northwestern margin of the Junggar basin. Oil produced from the Mahu field, located downdip in a depression east of the Karamay field, is from a different source than Karamay oils. Unique oil types are also produced from an upper Permian reservoir at Jimusar field in the southeastern part of the basin, and from Tertiary (Oligocene) rocks at Dushanzi field and Lower Jurassic rocks at Qigu field, both located along the southern margin of the basin.</p><p>Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of Upper Permian source rocks, and the possibility of Mesozoic or Tertiary sources has been proposed, but not tested by geochemical analysis, although analyses of some possible Jurassic coal source rocks have been reported. Our findings indicate that several effective source rocks are present in the basin, including local sources of Mesozoic or younger age for oil accumulations along the southern and southeastern margins of the basin. Future exploration or assessment of petroleum potential of the basin can be improved by considering the geological relationships among oil types, possible oil source rocks, and reservoirs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/3B05C672-172A-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Clayton, J., Yang, J., King, J.D., Lillis, P., and Warden, A., 1997, Geochemistry of oils from the Junggar basin, northwest China: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 81, no. 11, p. 1926-1944, https://doi.org/10.1306/3B05C672-172A-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1926","endPage":"1944","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227917,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Junggar Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              90,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              84,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              84,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              90,\n              43\n            ],\n            [\n              90,\n              47\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a170ae4b0c8380cd55368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, J.L.","contributorId":76767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, J.","contributorId":60780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, J. D.","contributorId":71577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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