{"pageNumber":"3671","pageRowStart":"91750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185279,"records":[{"id":70019502,"text":"70019502 - 1997 - Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T09:50:31","indexId":"70019502","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese","docAbstract":"<p><span>Arctic-nesting geese build large, insulated nests to protect developing embryos from cold ambient temperatures. Ross' Geese (<i>Chen rossii</i>) are about two-thirds the mass of Lesser Snow Geese (<i>C. caerulescens caerulescens</i>), have higher mass-specific metabolic rate, and maintain lower nest attentiveness, yet they hatch goslings with more functionally mature gizzards and more protein for their size than do Lesser Snow Geese. We compared nest size (a reflection of nest insulation) in four distinct habitats in a mixed breeding colony of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese at Karrak Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada. After adjusting measurements for nest-specific egg size and clutch size, we found that overall nest morphology differed between species and among habitats. Nest size increased progressively among heath, rock, mixed, and moss habitats. When nesting materials were not limiting, nests were smaller in habitats that provided cover from wind and precipitation than in habitats that did not provide cover. Ross' Geese constructed relatively larger, more insulated nests than did Lesser Snow Geese, which may hasten embryonic development, minimize energy expenditure during incubation, and minimize embryonic cooling during recesses. We suggest that relative differences in nest morphology reflect greater selection for Ross' Geese to improve nest insulation because of their smaller size (adults and embryos), higher mass-specific metabolic rate, and lower incubation constancy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4089280","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"McCracken, K.G., Afton, A., and Alisauskas, R., 1997, Nest morphology and body size of Ross' Geese and Lesser Snow Geese: The Auk, v. 114, no. 4, p. 610-618, https://doi.org/10.2307/4089280.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"610","endPage":"618","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480006,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4089280","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"114","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a647ce4b0c8380cd729d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCracken, K. G.","contributorId":7431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"K.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alisauskas, R.T.","contributorId":89645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alisauskas","given":"R.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019452,"text":"70019452 - 1997 - Paleozoic and mesozoic evolution of East-Central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:45:18.538081","indexId":"70019452","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic and mesozoic evolution of East-Central California","docAbstract":"East-central California, which encompasses an area located on the westernmost part of sialic North America, contains a well-preserved record of Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic events that reflect the evolving nature of the Cordilleran plate margin to the west. After the plate margin was formed by continental rifting in the Neoproterozoic, sediments comprising the Cordilleran miogeocline began to accumulate on the subsiding passive margin. In east-central California, sedimentation did not keep pace with subsidence, resulting in backstepping of a series of successive carbonate platforms throughout the early and middle Paleozoic. This phase of miogeoclinal development was brought to a close by the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Antler orogeny, during the final phase of which oceanic rocks were emplaced onto the continental margin. Subsequent Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian faulting and apparent reorientation of the carbonate platform margin are interpreted to have been associated with truncation of the continental plate on a sinistral transform fault zone. In the Early Permian, contractional deformation in east-central California led to the development of a narrow, uplifted thrust belt flanked by marine basins in which thick sequences of deep-water strata accumulated. A second episode of contractional deformation in late Early Permian to earliest Triassic time widened and further uplifted the thrust belt and produced the recently identified Inyo Crest thrust, which here is correlated with the regionally significant Last Chance thrust. In the Late Permian, about the time of the second contractional episode, extensional faulting created shallow sedimentary basins in the southern Inyo Mountains. In the El Paso Mountains to the south, deformation and plutonism record the onset of subduction and arc magmatism in late Early Permian to earliest Triassic time along this part of the margin. Tectonism had ceased in most of east-central California by middle to late Early Triassic time, and marine sediment deposited on the subsiding continental shelf overlapped the previously deformed Permian rocks. Renewed contractional deformation, probably in the Middle Triassic, is interpreted to be associated with emplacement of the Golconda allochthon onto the margin of the continent. This event, which is identified with certainty in the Sierra Nevada, also may have significantly affected rocks in the White and Inyo Mountains to the east. Subduction and arc magmatism that created most of the Sierra Nevada batholith began in the Late Triassic and lasted through the remainder of the Mesozoic. During this time, the East Sierran thrust system (ESTS) developed as a narrow zone of intense, predominantly E-vergent contractional deformation along the eastern margin of the growing batholith. Activity on the ESTS took place over an extended part of Mesozoic time, both before and after intrusion of voluminous Middle Jurassic plutons, and is interpreted to have been mechanically linked to emplacement of the batholith. Deformation on the ESTS and magmatism in the Sierra Nevada both ended prior to the close of the Cretaceous.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Stevens, C., Stone, P., Dunne, G., Greene, D., Walker, J., and Swanson, B., 1997, Paleozoic and mesozoic evolution of East-Central California: International Geology Review, v. 39, no. 9, p. 788-829.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"829","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226750,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7469e4b0c8380cd7761e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, C.H.","contributorId":16102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, P.","contributorId":93632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dunne, G.C.","contributorId":38235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, D.C.","contributorId":83394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walker, J.D.","contributorId":55551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, B.J.","contributorId":21827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70019504,"text":"70019504 - 1997 - Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-12T09:47:17","indexId":"70019504","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESP/MS) for the trace analysis of oxanilic and sulfonic acids of acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor. The isolation procedure separated the chloroacetanilide metabolites from the parent herbicides during the elution from C</span><sub>18</sub><span>&nbsp;cartridges using ethyl acetate for parent compounds, followed by methanol for the anionic metabolites. The metabolites were separated chromatographically using reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed by negative-ion MS using electrospray ionization in selected ion mode. Quantitation limits were 0.01 μg/L for both the oxanilic and sulfonic acids based on a 100-mL water sample. This combination of methods represents an important advance in environmental analysis of chloroacetanilide−herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater for two reasons. First, anionic chloroacetanilide metabolites are a major class of degradation products that are readily leached to groundwater in agricultural areas. Second, anionic metabolites, which are not able to be analyzed by conventional methods such as liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, are effectively analyzed by SPE and high-flow pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry. This paper reports the first HPLC/MS identification of these metabolites in surface water and groundwater.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac9704671","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Ferrer, I., Thurman, E., and Barcelo, D., 1997, Identification of ionic chloroacetanilide-herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater by HPLC/MS using negative ion spray: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 22, p. 4547-4553, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9704671.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"4547","endPage":"4553","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205724,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9704671"}],"volume":"69","issue":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a382de4b0c8380cd6148c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferrer, Imma","contributorId":68606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferrer","given":"Imma","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barcelo, Damia","contributorId":189407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barcelo","given":"Damia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019860,"text":"70019860 - 1997 - Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T17:06:17","indexId":"70019860","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation","docAbstract":"Concentrically zoned phosphatic-enriched concretions were collected at three sites from the Monterey Formation. The following minerals were identified: vivianite, lipscombite, rockbridgeite, leucophosphite, mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite, nontronite, todorokite, and barite. The mineralogy of the concretions was slightly different at each of the three collection sites. None of the concretions contains all of the minerals, but the spatial distribution of minerals in individual concretions, overlapping mineralogies between different concretions, and the geochemical properties of the separate minerals suggest a paragenesis represented by the above order. Eh increased from the precipitation of vivianite to that of rockbridgeite/lipscombite. The precipitation of leucophosphite, then mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite and todorokite/Fe-oxide indicates increasing pH. Concretion growth culminated with the precipitation of todorokite, a Mn oxide, and minor amounts of barite along microfractures. Conspicuously absent are Fe-sulfide and Mn-phosphate minerals. The concretions are hosted by finely laminated diatomite. The laminations exhibit little to no deformation around the concretions, requiring that the concretions formed after compaction. We interpret this sediment feature and the paragenesis as recording the evolving pore-water chemistry as the formation was uplifted into the fresh-ground-water zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Medrano, M., and Piper, D., 1997, Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation: Chemical Geology, v. 138, no. 1-2, p. 9-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2.","startPage":"9","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2"},{"id":228024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f30e4b0c8380cd537f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medrano, M.D.","contributorId":68326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medrano","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019449,"text":"70019449 - 1997 - Geologic hazards in the region of the Hurricane fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:14:33.429465","indexId":"70019449","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic hazards in the region of the Hurricane fault","docAbstract":"Complex geology and variable topography along the 250-kilometer-long Hurricane fault in northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah combine to create natural conditions that can present a potential danger to life and property. Geologic hazards are of particular concern in southwestern Utah, where the St. George Basin and Interstate-15 corridor north to Cedar City are one of Utah's fastest growing areas. Lying directly west of the Hurricane fault and within the Basin and Range - Colorado Plateau transition zone, this region exhibits geologic characteristics of both physiographic provinces. Long, potentially active, normal-slip faults displace a generally continuous stratigraphic section of mostly east-dipping late Paleozoic to Cretaceous sedimentary rocks unconformably overlain by Tertiary to Holocene sedimentary and igneous rocks and unconsolidated basin-fill deposits. Geologic hazards (exclusive of earthquake hazards) of principal concern in the region include problem soil and rock, landslides, shallow ground water, and flooding. Geologic materials susceptible to volumetric change, collapse, and subsidence in southwestern Utah include; expansive soil and rock, collapse-prone soil, gypsum and gypsiferous soil, soluble carbonate rocks, and soil and rock subject to piping and other ground collapse. Expansive soil and rock are widespread throughout the region. The Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation is especially prone to large volume changes with variations in moisture content. Collapse-prone soils are common in areas of Cedar City underlain by alluvial-fan material derived from the Moenkopi and Chinle Formations in the nearby Hurricane Cliffs. Gypsiferous soil and rock are subject to dissolution which can damage foundations and create sinkholes. The principal formations in the region affected by dissolution of carbonate are the Kaibab and Toroweap Formations; both formations have developed sinkholes where crossed by perennial streams. Soil piping is common in southwestern Utah where it has damaged roads, canal embankments, and water-retention structures. Several unexplained sinkholes near the town of Hurricane possibly are the result of collapse of subsurface volcanic features. Geologic formations associated with slope failures along or near the Hurricane fault include rocks of both Mesozoic and Tertiary age. Numerous landslides are present in these materials along the Hurricane Cliffs, and the Petrified Forest Member of the Chinle Formation is commonly associated with slope failures where it crops out in the St. George Basin. Steep slopes and numerous areas of exposed bedrock make rock fall a hazard in the St. George Basin. Debris flows and debris floods in narrow canyons and on alluvial fans often accompany intense summer cloudburst thunderstorms. Flooded basements and foundation problems associated with shallow ground water are common on benches north of the Santa Clara River in the city of Santa Clara. Stream flooding is the most frequently occurring and destructive geologic hazard in southwestern Utah. Since the 1850s, there have been three major riverine (regional) floods and more than 300 damaging flash floods. Although a variety of flood control measures have been implemented, continued rapid growth in the region is again increasing vulnerability to flood hazards. Site-specific studies to evaluate geologic hazards and identify hazard-reduction measures are recommended prior to construction to reduce the need for costly repair, maintenance, or replacement of improperly placed or protected facilities.","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Lund, W., 1997, Geologic hazards in the region of the Hurricane fault: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 2, p. 235-277.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1978e4b0c8380cd559cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, W.R.","contributorId":58781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019858,"text":"70019858 - 1997 - Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019858","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed in cages to fluctuating chemical conditions in four Catskill Mountain streams during the spring and fall of 1989 and the spring of 1990. Specific chemical constituents and characteristics of acidic episodes that correlated with increased fish mortality were identified. Mortality increased during acidic episodes in one poorly buffered stream when inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al(im)) concentrations increased; mortality was low in three other streams during acidic episodes of shorter duration and smaller magnitude than measured in the poorly buffered stream. Variation in mortality was attributed primarily to differences in concentrations of both Al(im) and dissolved organic carbon. Linear and logistic regression analyses indicate that either mean or median Al(im) concentrations could account for 73-99% of the variability in mortality. Regression analyses suggest that mortality was highly related (in order of importance) to Al(im), pH, dissolved organic carbon, calcium, and chloride concentration. Brook trout mortality was also highly related to durations of exposure above 0.225 and 0.250 mg/L Al(im) during test periods. Characteristics of acidic-Al(im) episodes that are critical to mortality of caged brook trout appear to be (i) Al(im) concentrations of at least 0.225 ?? 0.025 mg/L and (ii) exposure to these toxic Al(im) concentrations for at least 2 days.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., and Murdoch, P., 1997, Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 3, p. 603-615, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603.","startPage":"603","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206030,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603"},{"id":227983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060de4b0c8380cd510c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019506,"text":"70019506 - 1997 - Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-19T14:28:06.108788","indexId":"70019506","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1790 a major hydromagmatic eruption at the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, deposited up to 10 m of pyroclastic fall and surge deposits and killed several dozen Hawaiian natives who were crossing the island. Previous studies have hypothesized that the explosivity of this eruption was due to the influx of groundwater into the conduit and mixing of the groundwater with ascending magma. This study proposes that surface water, not groundwater, was the agent responsible for the explosiveness of the eruption. That is, a lake or pond may have existed in the caldera in 1790 and explosions may have taken place when magma ascended into the lake from below. That assertion is based on two lines of evidence: (1) high vesicularity (averaging 73% of more than 3000 lapilli) and high vesicle number density (10</span><sup>5</sup><span>–10</span><sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;cm</span><sup>−3</sup><span>&nbsp;melt) of pumice clasts suggest that some phases of the eruption involved vigorous, sustained magma ascent; and (2) numerical calculations suggest that under most circumstances, hydrostatic pressure would not be sufficient to drive water into the eruptive conduit during vigorous magma ascent unless the water table were above the ground surface. These results are supported by historical data on the rate of infilling of the caldera floor during the early 1800s. When extrapolated back to 1790, they suggest that the caldera floor was below the water table.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB01426","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L., 1997, Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. B9, p. 20093-20109, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB01426.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"20093","endPage":"20109","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb01426","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d58e4b0c8380cd52f7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, L.G.","contributorId":80313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019509,"text":"70019509 - 1997 - Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:13:15.428917","indexId":"70019509","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin","docAbstract":"<p>Evidence from sediments in cores collected from within the present oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ; 600–1200 m) on the central and northern California margins record several episodes during the last interstadial (OIS-3, ca. 60-24 ka) of deposition of laminated sediments containing elevated concentrations of several trace elements indicative of anoxic conditions (e.g., Mo, Ni, Zn, and Cu). The presence of abundant well-preserved organic matter, as well as lack of bioturbation and the presence of elevated concentrations of Mo and other trace elements, all support the theory that the OMZ in the northeastern Pacific Ocean was more intense, possibly anoxic, at several times during the late Pleistocene. Sediments of all ages in cores from the southern California margin contain elevated concentrations of Mo, suggesting that this area has always had higher rates of sulfate reduction than either the central or northern California areas.</p><p>Most of the Ba in sediments in all cores collected on the upper continental slope (200–2700 m) off California and southern Oregon is derived from detrital clastic material, and this source did not change much in time. However, the amount of biogenic Ba did vary with time, and these variations closely follow the temporal variations in organic C (Corg) mass accumulation rate. Using Ba and Corg mass accumulation rates as proxy variables for productivity, all cores show that organic productivity under the California Current upwelling system was highest during OIS-3 and the Holocene, and lowest during the last glacial interval (LGI, ca. 24-10 ka). All paleoproductivity proxy variables indicate that the southern California area has always experienced higher productivity than other areas under the California Current, at least over the last 50 ky.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00237-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Dean, W., Gardner, J., and Piper, D., 1997, Inorganic geochemical indicators of glacial-interglacial changes in productivity and anoxia on the California continental margin: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 21, p. 4507-4518, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00237-8.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4507","endPage":"4518","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.67080422806794,\n              42.00341595992859\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.88192964809099,\n              41.93939850899923\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.47644305371966,\n              39.068008204412195\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.10074452659296,\n              35.87239077253622\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.5231074644737,\n              32.36187179419811\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.7981568202135,\n              32.555020555557746\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3753738218179,\n              33.51162915350592\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3181657731642,\n              34.02954371238832\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.2953726275444,\n              34.48694191421549\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.36684223765641,\n              34.76476606379077\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50938174987402,\n              35.26946841564708\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.69141269541717,\n              37.05892127353633\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.12698767681275,\n              38.269993833135004\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.73532816909301,\n              38.31079941048523\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.46045918187286,\n              39.014885641343994\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.67273562050957,\n              40.1340531818511\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.93937040166611,\n              40.3941211314453\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.77318280424345,\n              41.41787978991243\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.03532666810167,\n              41.999965353444026\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.67080422806794,\n              42.00341595992859\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c0be4b0c8380cd62a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019855,"text":"70019855 - 1997 - Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:05:50","indexId":"70019855","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2075,"text":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment","docAbstract":"A mesophilic, acetate-oxidizing, sulfur-reducing bacterium, strain NZ27(T), was isolated from anoxic mud from a freshwater sulfur spring. The cells were ovoid, motile, and gram negative. In addition to acetate, the strain oxidized pyruvate, succinate, and fumarate. Sulfur flower could be replaced by polysulfide as an electron acceptor. Ferric nitrilotriacetic acid was reduced in the presence of pyruvate; however, this reduction did not sustain growth. These phenotypic characteristics suggested that strain NZ27(T) is affiliated with the genus Desulfuromonas. A phylogenetic analysis based on the results of comparative 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing confirmed that strain NZ27(T) belongs to the Desulfuromonas cluster in the recently proposed family 'Geobacteraceae' in the delta subgroup of the Proteobacteria. In addition, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that strain NZ27(T) represents a novel species. Desulfuromonas thiophila, a name tentatively used in previous publications, is the name proposed for strain NZ27(T) in this paper.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1099/00207713-47-3-754","issn":"00207713","usgsCitation":"Finster, K., Coates, J., Liesack, W., and Pfennig, N., 1997, Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 754-758, https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-754.","startPage":"754","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269909,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-754"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff4be4b0c8380cd4f0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finster, K.","contributorId":83683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finster","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, J.D.","contributorId":105451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liesack, W.","contributorId":95216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liesack","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfennig, N.","contributorId":16179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfennig","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019465,"text":"70019465 - 1997 - Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T10:30:08","indexId":"70019465","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate","docAbstract":"<p><span>The analyses of both O and N isotopic compositions of nitrate have many potential applications in studies of nitrate sources and reactions in hydrology, oceanography, and atmospheric chemistry, but simple and precise methods for these analyses have yet to be developed. Testing of a new method involving reaction of potassium nitrate with catalyzed graphite (C + Pd + Au) at 520 °C resulted in quantitative recovery of N and O from nitrate as free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>, and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>. The δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values of nitrate reference materials were obtained by analyzing both the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span> from catalyzed graphite combustion. Provisional values of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>VSMOW</sub><span> for the internationally distributed KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> reference materials IAEA-N3 and USGS-32 were both equal to +22.7 ± 0.5‰. Because the fraction of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and the isotopic fractionation factor between CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> and K</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO</span><sub>3</sub><span> were constant in the combustion products, the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O value of KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> could be calculated from measurements of the δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Thus, δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>KNO</sub><sub>3</sub><span> = </span><i>a</i><span>δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O</span><sub>free</sub><sub> </sub><sub>CO</sub><sub>2</sub><span> − </span><i>b</i><span>, where </span><i>a</i><span> and </span><i>b</i><span> were equal to 0.9967 and 3.3, respectively, for the specific conditions of the experiments. The catalyzed graphite combustion method can be used to determine δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of KNO</span><sub>3</sub><span> from measurements of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O of free CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> with reproducibility on the order of ±0.2‰ or better if local reference materials are prepared and analyzed with the samples. Reproducibility of δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N was ±0.1‰ after trace amounts of CO were removed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac9610523","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Revesz, K., Böhlke, J., and Yoshinari, T., 1997, Determination of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>15</sup>N in Nitrate: Analytical Chemistry, v. 69, no. 21, p. 4375-4380, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9610523.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4375","endPage":"4380","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff86e4b0c8380cd4f235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yoshinari, T.","contributorId":56391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yoshinari","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019911,"text":"70019911 - 1997 - Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T06:57:00","indexId":"70019911","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area","docAbstract":"The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significantly increased resolution of determining macropore recharge by combining physical, chemical, and isotopic methods of analysis. Techniques for quantifying macropore recharge were developed for both small-scale (1 to 10 km2) and regional-scale areas in and semi-arid areas. The Southern High Plains region of Texas and New Mexico was used as a representative field site to test these methods. Macropore recharge in small-scale areas is considered to be the difference between total recharge through floors of topographically dosed basins and interstitial recharge through the same area. On the regional scale, macropore recharge was considered to be the difference between regional average annual recharge and interstitial recharge measured in the unsaturated zone. Stable isotopic composition of ground water and precipitation was used us an independent estimate of macropore recharge on the regional scale. Results of this analysis suggest that in the Southern High Plains recharge flux through macropores is between 60 and 80 percent of the total 11 mm/y. Between 15 and 35 percent of the recharge occurs by interstitial recharge through the basin floors. Approximately 5 percent of the total recharge occurs as either interstitial or matrix recharge between the basin floors, representing approximately 95 percent of the area. The approach is applicable to other arid and semi-arid areas that focus rainfall into depressions or valleys.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the significantly increased resolution of determining macropore recharge by combining physical, chemical, and isotopic methods of analysis. Techniques for quantifying macropore recharge were developed for both small-scale (1 to 10 km2) and regional-scale areas in arid and semi-arid areas. The Southern High Plains region of Texas and New Mexico was used as a representative field site to test these methods. Macropore recharge in small-scale areas is considered to be the difference between total recharge through floors of topographically closed basins and interstitial recharge through the same area. On the regional scale, macropore recharge was considered to be the difference between regional average annual recharge and interstitial recharge measured in the unsaturated zone. Stable isotopic composition of ground water and precipitation was used as an independent estimate of macropore recharge on the regional scale. Results of this analysis suggest that in the Southern High Plains recharge flux through macropores is between 60 and 80 percent of the total 11 mm/y. Between 15 and 35 percent of the recharge occurs by interstitial recharge through the basin floors. Approximately 5 percent of the total recharge occurs as either interstitial or matrix recharge between the basin floors, representing approximately 95 percent of the area. The approach is applicable to other arid and semi-arid areas that focus rainfall into depressions or valleys.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00182.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., Rainwater, K.A., and Thompson, D., 1997, Quantifying macropore recharge: Examples from a semi-arid area: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1097-1105, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00182.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d2e4b0c8380cd804a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rainwater, Ken A.","contributorId":61188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rainwater","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, D.B.","contributorId":74418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019533,"text":"70019533 - 1997 - Roadblocks on the kill curve: Testing the Raup hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T10:33:23","indexId":"70019533","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3000,"text":"Palaios","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roadblocks on the kill curve: Testing the Raup hypothesis","docAbstract":"<p>The documented presence of two large (~100-km diameter), possibly coeval impact craters of late Eocene age, requires modification of the impact-kill curve proposed by David M. Raup. Though the estimated meteorite size for each crater alone is large enough to have produced considerable global environmental stress, no horizons of mass mortality or pulsed extinction are known to be associated with either crater or their ejecta deposits. Thus, either there is no fixed relationship between extinction magnitude and crater diameter, or a meteorite that would produce a crater of &gt;100-km diameter is required to raise extinction rates significantly above a ~5% background level. Both impacts took place ~1-2 m.y. before the \"Terminal Eocene Event\" ( =early Oligocene pulsed extinction). Their collective long-term environmental effects, however, may have either delayed that extinction pulse or produced threshold conditions necessary for it to take place.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Palaios","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3515413","issn":"08831351","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1997, Roadblocks on the kill curve: Testing the Raup hypothesis: Palaios, v. 12, no. 6, p. 582-590, https://doi.org/10.2307/3515413.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"582","endPage":"590","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aadd1e4b0c8380cd86f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019458,"text":"70019458 - 1997 - Does vegetation structure limit the distribution of Northern Goshawks in the Oregon Coast ranges?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019458","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does vegetation structure limit the distribution of Northern Goshawks in the Oregon Coast ranges?","docAbstract":"Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) breed in a variety of forested areas throughout the Pacific Northwest. Nevertheless, they were only first found breeding in the Coast Ranges of Oregon in 1995, despite apparently suitable habitat and abundant prey. We document the rarity of goshawks in the Coast Ranges by reviewing previous and current survey results for nests of goshawks and other forest birds since the 1960s, examining sightings of goshawks since 1980 and reporting on a survey we conducted in 1994. We suggest that nesting goshawks are rare in the Coast Ranges because of the vegetative structure of the area and its influence on prey availability. ?? 1997 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08921016","usgsCitation":"DeStefano, S., and Mccloskey, J., 1997, Does vegetation structure limit the distribution of Northern Goshawks in the Oregon Coast ranges?: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 31, no. 1, p. 34-39.","startPage":"34","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a039ce4b0c8380cd50580","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeStefano, S.","contributorId":84309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mccloskey, J.","contributorId":49119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mccloskey","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019484,"text":"70019484 - 1997 - The Blake Nose Cretaceous-Paleogene (Florida Atlantic margin, ODP Leg 171 B): An exemplar record of the Maastrichtian-Danian transition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:34:19.626947","indexId":"70019484","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1306,"text":"Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Blake Nose Cretaceous-Paleogene (Florida Atlantic margin, ODP Leg 171 B): An exemplar record of the Maastrichtian-Danian transition","docAbstract":"<p><span>During ODP Leg 171B, devoted to the analysis of the Blake Plateau margin in front of Florida, 16 holes have been drilled in 5 distinct sites. The sites have documented a sedimentary succession ranging in age from Aptian to Eocene. Emphasis has been put on critical periods, comprising the Paleocene-Eocene transition, the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary which has been cored in excellent conditions, the middle Maastrichtian extinctions and the Albian anoxic episodes.</span></p>","language":"English, French","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1251-8050(97)89868-0","usgsCitation":"Bellier, J.#., Marca, S., Norris, R.D., Kroon, D., Klaus, A., Alexander, I.T., Bardot, L.P., Barker, C., Blome, C.D., Clarke, L.J., Erbacher, J., Faul, K.L., Holmes, M.A., Huber, B.T., Katz, M.E., MacLeod, K.G., Martinez-Ruiz, F., Mita, I., Nakai, M., Ogg, J.G., Pak, D.K., Pletsch, T.K., Self-Trail, J., Shackleton, N.J., Smit, J., Ussler, W., Watkins, D.K., Widmark, J., and Wilson, P.A., 1997, The Blake Nose Cretaceous-Paleogene (Florida Atlantic margin, ODP Leg 171 B): An exemplar record of the Maastrichtian-Danian transition: Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes, v. 325, no. 7, p. 499-504, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(97)89868-0.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"504","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":489828,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(97)89868-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean, Blake Nose Cretaceous-Paleogene","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              29.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -75,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -78,\n              30.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"325","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6a2e4b08c986b321219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bellier, J. #NAME?","contributorId":25414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"#NAME?","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marca, S.","contributorId":84219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marca","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norris, Richard D.","contributorId":51651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroon, D.","contributorId":79364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroon","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klaus, A.","contributorId":70957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaus","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alexander, I. 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,{"id":70019440,"text":"70019440 - 1997 - Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T10:14:50","indexId":"70019440","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Floods from failures of natural and constructed dams constitute a widespread hazard to people and property. Expeditious means of assessing flood hazards are necessary, particularly in the case of natural dams, which may form suddenly and unexpectedly. We revise statistical relations (derived from data for past constructed and natural dam failures) between peak discharge (</span><i>Q</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span>) and water volume released (</span><i>V</i><sub>0</sub><span>) or drop in lake level (</span><i>d</i><span>) but assert that such relations, even when cast into a dimensionless form, are of limited utility because they fail to portray the effect of breach-formation rate. We then analyze a simple, physically based model of dam-breach formation to show that the hydrograph at the breach depends primarily on a dimensionless parameter η=</span><i>kV</i><sub>0</sub><span>/</span><i>g</i><sup>l/2</sup><i>d</i><sup>7/2</sup><span>, where<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>k</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the mean erosion rate of the breach and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>g</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is acceleration due to gravity. The functional relationship between<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Q</i><sub><i>p</i></sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and η takes asymptotically distinct forms depending on whether η ≪ 1 (relatively slow breach formation or small lake volume) or η ≫ 1 (relatively fast breach formation or large lake volume). Theoretical predictions agree well with data from dam failures for which<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>k</i><span>, and thus η, can be estimated. The theory thus provides a rapid means of predicting the plausible range of values of peak discharge at the breach in an earthen dam as long as the impounded water volume and the water depth at the dam face can be estimated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR01616","usgsCitation":"Walder, J.S., and O'Connor, J., 1997, Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2337-2348, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR01616.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2348","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr01616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a55c8e4b0c8380cd6d2a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walder, Joseph S. jswalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"Joseph","email":"jswalder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O'Connor, Jim E. 0000-0002-7928-5883 oconnor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-5883","contributorId":140771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connor","given":"Jim E.","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019536,"text":"70019536 - 1997 - The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70019536","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"A 2 X 2 factorial experiment of diet type (krill vs. fish meal) and steroid supplementation (0 vs. 30 ??g 17??-methyltestosterone kg-1) was conducted to determine the effects on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout. Triplicate tanks of 250 fry were fed one of the four diets at a rate calculated to produce 115 g fish in 34 weeks. Fish were transferred to larger tanks when mean density index reached 0.40. Dorsal fin index (DFI, measured as mean dorsal fin height X 100/total fish length) was greater (P < 0.001) among fish fed krill-based diets than for fish fed fish-based diets at weeks 12, 22, and 34 of the trial. Added testosterone decreased (p = 0.04) DFI among fish fed the krill diet at week 12 but otherwise had no effect on fin condition. Addition of testosterone to either diet type decreased (P = 0.02) critical thermal maximum, which is a measure of fish resistance to thermal stress. The results suggest that diet composition can influence the rate of dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout through a metabolic, behavioral, or combined change.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquaculture","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6","issn":"00448486","usgsCitation":"Lellis, W., and Barrows, F., 1997, The effect of diet on dorsal fin erosion in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Aquaculture, v. 156, no. 3-4, p. 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6.","startPage":"229","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206043,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00133-6"},{"id":228045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"156","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab1fe4b08c986b322c36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lellis, W.A.","contributorId":67441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lellis","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrows, F.T.","contributorId":94998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrows","given":"F.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186300,"text":"70186300 - 1997 - Long-term changes in diets and populations of piscivorous birds and mammals in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:39:11","indexId":"70186300","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long-term changes in diets and populations of piscivorous birds and mammals in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forage fishes in marine ecosystems: Proceedings of the international symposium on the role of forage fishes in marine ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on the Role of Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems","conferenceDate":"November 13-16, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"978-1-56612-049-4","usgsCitation":"Kuletz, K., Irons, D., Agler, B., Piatt, J.F., and Duffy, D., 1997, Long-term changes in diets and populations of piscivorous birds and mammals in Prince William Sound, Alaska, <i>in</i> Forage fishes in marine ecosystems: Proceedings of the international symposium on the role of forage fishes in marine ecosystems, Anchorage, AK, November 13-16, 1996, p. 703-706.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"703","endPage":"706","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-97-01.html"},{"id":339090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Larger Work is University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. AK-SG-97-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997ecd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuletz, K.J.","contributorId":98002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irons, D.B.","contributorId":52922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irons","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Agler, B.A.","contributorId":33830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agler","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duffy, D.C.","contributorId":43473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70019428,"text":"70019428 - 1997 - Measurement of flow under ice covers in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:36:39.318727","indexId":"70019428","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of flow under ice covers in North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>A substantial proportion of natural streams in the United States and Canada are affected by ice cover during the winter. To substantiate the currently used procedures for measuring streamflow during the winter, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Water Survey of Canada (WSC) began independent, coordinated programs for research and development related to the measurement of streamflow under an ice cover. Detailed measurements of vertical velocity profiles under ice covers in field settings were collected by each agency in accordance with standardized guidelines. The data were then compiled into a joint database. This paper presents a description of the two measurement programs, describes the structure and format of the joint database, and provides preliminary summaries of the data. Ongoing research efforts by the USGS and WSC are described briefly to give examples of the use of the joint database.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:11(1037)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Walker, J., and Wang, D., 1997, Measurement of flow under ice covers in North America: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 123, no. 11, p. 1037-1040, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:11(1037).","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1037","endPage":"1040","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226650,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5302e4b0c8380cd6c7f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, D.","contributorId":13384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019424,"text":"70019424 - 1997 - Long-term observations of migrating shore-normal bars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70019424","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Long-term observations of migrating shore-normal bars","docAbstract":"A series of migrating shore-normal sandbars with wavelengths of 50-200 m and heights of 0.5-2 m have been identified off the northern tip of Anna Maria Island, a barrier island on the west-central Florida coast. Similar features have been described elsewhere since the 1930's and termed `transverse bars.' The transverse bars identified off Anna Maria Island are found for about 3 km along the coast and extend 4 km offshore. No cusps or any other associated beach expression is evident despite the fact that the bars come to within about 75 m of the beach. Historical aerial photographs from the early 1940's through the mid 1990's provide an excellent means of quantifying the migration of the bars for this time period. The historical photographs were orthorectified resulting in errors in geographic positions of 1-2 m. Analyses of the orthorectified photos clearly show movement or migration taking place in the bar field. In the forty year period from 1951 to 1991, the southern edge of the bar field moved 200-350 m to the south, with an average migration rate of 7.9 m/yr. A current-meter deployment suggests that southerly winds associated with the passage of cold fronts drives near-bed currents to the south that are strong enough to initiate sediment transport and cause the southerly migration of the transverse bars.","largerWorkTitle":"Coastal Dynamics - Proceedings of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 Coastal Dynamics Conference","conferenceDate":"1 June 1997 through 1 June 1997","conferenceLocation":"Plymouth, UK","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Gelfenbaum, G., and Brooks, G.R., 1997, Long-term observations of migrating shore-normal bars, <i>in</i> Coastal Dynamics - Proceedings of the International Conference, Plymouth, UK, 1 June 1997 through 1 June 1997, p. 654-663.","startPage":"654","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a499ce4b0c8380cd68765","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thornton E.B.","contributorId":128416,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Thornton E.B.","id":536453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Gregg R.","contributorId":10557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brooks","given":"Gregg","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019425,"text":"70019425 - 1997 - Alkali-deficient tourmaline from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-04T16:44:46.378975","indexId":"70019425","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2748,"text":"Mineralogical Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alkali-deficient tourmaline from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Alkali-deficient tourmalines are found in albitized rocks from the hanging-wall of the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit (British Columbia, Canada). They approximate the Mg-equivalent of foitite with an idealized formula □(Mg</span><span class=\"sub\">2</span><span>Al)Al</span><span class=\"sub\">6</span><span>Si</span><span class=\"sub\">6</span><span>O</span><span class=\"sub\">18</span><span>(BO</span><span class=\"sub\">3</span><span>)</span><span class=\"sub\">3</span><span>(OH)</span><span class=\"sub\">4</span><span>. Major chemical substitutions in the tourmalines are the alkali-defect type [Na*</span><span class=\"sub\">(x)</span><span>&nbsp;+ Mg*</span><span class=\"sub\">(Y)</span><span>&nbsp;= □</span><span class=\"sub\">(x)</span><span>&nbsp;+ Al</span><span class=\"sub\">(Y)</span><span>] and the uvite type [Na*</span><span class=\"sub\">(x)</span><span>&nbsp;+ Al</span><span class=\"sub\">(Y)</span><span>&nbsp;= Ca</span><span class=\"sub\">(x)</span><span>&nbsp;+ Mg*</span><span class=\"sub\">(Y)</span><span>], where Na* = Na + K, Mg* = Mg + Fe + Mn. The occurrence of these alkali-deficient tourmalines reflects a unique geochemical environment that is either alkali-depleted overall or one in which the alkalis preferentially partitioned into coexisting minerals (e.g. albite).</span></p><p>Some of the alkali-deficient tourmalines have unusually high Mn contents (up to 1.5 wt.% MnO) compared to other Sullivan tourmalines. Manganese has a strong preference for incorporation into coexisting garnet and carbonate at Sullivan, thus many tourmalines in Mn-rich rocks are poor in Mn (&lt;0.2 wt.% MnO). It appears that the dominant controls over the occurrence of Mn-rich tourmalines at Sullivan are the local availability of Mn and the lack of other coexisting minerals that may preferentially incorporate Mn into their structures. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1180/minmag.1997.061.409.08","usgsCitation":"Jiang, S., Slack, J.F., and Palmer, M.R., 1997, Alkali-deficient tourmaline from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 61, no. 409, p. 853-860, https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1997.061.409.08.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"853","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226649,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -139.5916154026687,\n              60.22251286968037\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.5916154026687,\n              48.93631572585355\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.34266092045758,\n              48.93631572585355\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.34266092045758,\n              60.22251286968037\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.5916154026687,\n              60.22251286968037\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"409","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e966e4b0c8380cd48257","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Shao-Yong","contributorId":80586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Shao-Yong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, Martin R.","contributorId":11119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019437,"text":"70019437 - 1997 - In-situ stress and fracture permeability in a fault-hosted geothermal reservoir at Dixie Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70019437","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"In-situ stress and fracture permeability in a fault-hosted geothermal reservoir at Dixie Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"As part of a study relating fractured rock hydrology to in-situ stress and recent deformation within the Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, borehole televiewer logging and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements were conducted in a 2.7-km-deep geothermal production well (73B-7) drilled into the Stillwater fault zone. Borehole televiewer logs from well 73B-7 show numerous drilling-induced tensile fractures, indicating that the direction of the minimum horizontal principal stress, Shmin, is S57 ??E. As the Stillwater fault at this location dips S50 ??E at approximately 3??, it is nearly at the optimal orientation for normal faulting in the current stress field. Analysis of the hydraulic fracturing data shows that the magnitude of Shmin is 24.1 and 25.9 MPa at 1.7 and 2.5 km, respectively. In addition, analysis of a hydraulic fracturing test from a shallow well 1.5 km northeast of 73B-7 indicates that the magnitude of Shmin is 5.6 MPa at 0.4 km depth. Coulomb failure analysis shows that the magnitude of Shmin in these wells is close to that predicted for incipient normal faulting on the Stillwater and subparallel faults, using coefficients of friction of 0.6-1.0 and estimates of the in-situ fluid pressure and overburden stress. Spinner flowmeter and temperature logs were also acquired in well 73B-7 and were used to identify hydraulically conductive fractures. Comparison of these stress and hydrologic data with fracture orientations from the televiewer log indicates that hydraulically conductive fractures within and adjacent to the Stillwater fault zone are critically stressed, potentially active normal faults in the current west-northwest extensional stress regime at Dixie Valley.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceDate":"12 October 1997 through 15 October 1997","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","usgsCitation":"Hickman, S., Barton, C., Zoback, M., Morin, R., Sass, J., and Benoit, R., 1997, In-situ stress and fracture permeability in a fault-hosted geothermal reservoir at Dixie Valley, Nevada, <i>in</i> Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 21, Burlingame, CA, USA, 12 October 1997 through 15 October 1997, p. 181-189.","startPage":"181","endPage":"189","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226655,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39c8e4b0c8380cd61a3f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hickman, Stephen","contributorId":29139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, Colleen","contributorId":66864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Colleen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoback, Mark","contributorId":81092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, Roger","contributorId":31922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sass, John","contributorId":14130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benoit, Richard","contributorId":34666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70186302,"text":"70186302 - 1997 - Seabird, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) near Unimak Pass, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T15:39:42","indexId":"70186302","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Seabird, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) near Unimak Pass, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forage fishes in marine ecosystems: Proceedings of the international symposium on the role of forage fishes in marine ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on the Role of Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems","conferenceDate":"November 13-16, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"978-1-56612-049-4","usgsCitation":"Byrd, G.V., Merrick, R.L., Piatt, J.F., and Norcross, B.L., 1997, Seabird, marine mammal, and oceanography coordinated investigations (SMMOCI) near Unimak Pass, Alaska, <i>in</i> Forage fishes in marine ecosystems: Proceedings of the international symposium on the role of forage fishes in marine ecosystems, Anchorage, AK, November 13-16, 1996, p. 351-364.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"364","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-97-01.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Unimak Pass,","publicComments":"Larger Work is University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. AK-SG-97-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ce4b09da67997eccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merrick, Richard L.","contributorId":187658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merrick","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019433,"text":"70019433 - 1997 - Bedrock geology of snyderville basin: Structural geology techniques applied to understanding the hydrogeology of a rapidly developing region, Summit County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T01:17:09.085115","indexId":"70019433","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1077,"text":"Brigham Young University Geology Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bedrock geology of snyderville basin: Structural geology techniques applied to understanding the hydrogeology of a rapidly developing region, Summit County, Utah","docAbstract":"The availability of ground water is a problem for many communities throughout the west. As these communities continue to experience growth, the initial allocation of ground water supplies proves inadequate and may force restrictions on existing, and future, development plans. Much of this new growth relies on ground water supplies extracted from fractured bedrock aquifers. An example of a community faced with this problem is western Summit County, near Park City, Utah, This area has experienced significant water shortages coupled with a 50% growth rate in the past 10-15 years. Recent housing development rests directly on complexly deformed Triassic to Jurassic sedimentary rocks in the hanging wall of the Mount Raymond-Absaroka thrust system. The primary fractured bedrock aquifers are the Nugget Sandstone, and limestones in the Thaynes and Twin Creek Formations. Ground water production and management strategies can be improved if the geometry of the structures and the flow properties of the fractured and folded bedrock can be established. We characterize the structures that may influence ground water flow at two sites: the Pinebrook and Summit Park subdivisions, which demonstrate abrupt changes (less than 1 mi/1.6 km) within the hydrogeologic systems. Geologic mapping at scales of 1:4500 (Pinebrook) and 1:9600 (Summit Park), scanline fracture mapping at the outcrop scale, geologic cross sections, water well data, and structural analysis, provides a clearer picture of the hydrogeologic setting of the aquifers in this region, and has been used to successfully site wells. In the Pinebrook area, the dominate map-scale structures of the area is the Twomile Canyon anticline, a faulted box-like to conical anticline. Widely variable bedding orientations suggest that the fold is segmented and is non-cylindrical and conical on the western limb with a fold axis that plunges to the northwest and also to the southeast, and forms a box-type fold between the middle and eastern limbs with a fold axis that plunges to the northeast. The fold is cut by several faults including the Toll Canyon fault, which we interpret as a west-directed folded hanging-wall splay off the east-directed Mt. Raymond thrust. These complex geometries may be due to at least two phases of deformation. Results from outcrop analyses show that the fractured bedrock aquifers are lithologically heterogeneous, anisotropic, and compartmentalized. Two exposures of the Toll Canyon fault show that even though the fault cores may be thin, extensive damage zones develop in the Nugget Sandstone and Thaynes Limestone, and shale smears form in the Triassic shales. The damaged zones may be regions of enhanced fracture permeability, whereas the shale smears act as flow barriers. The orientation, density, and hydrogeologic characteristics for predominate fracture sets vary within meters. In the Summit Park area, chronic water shortages required new wells to be sited in the northeast-plunging Summit Park anticline. The anticline experienced two phases of folding and at least one episode of faulting. Structural analysis of the fold defined the geometry of the structure, and a down plunge projection along the fold hinge was used to estimate the location of the Nugget Sandstone at a depth of 700 ft (213 m). The crestal region of the anticline was drilled in order to intercept regions of higher fracture density in the fold. The test well penetrated the Nugget Sandstone at 698 ft depth, and two production wells with long-term yields of 120 and 180 gpm completed. One well in the Sliderock Member (Twin Creek Formation) experiences seasonal fluctuations whereas production in the Nugget sandstone has only subdued seasonal variations, suggesting the Nugget may have great storage. Complex structures work against the typical basin yield approach for water budgets, therefore, water supply estimates may benefit from detailed studies within local areas. The results of this study demonstrate how tradition","language":"English","publisher":"Brigham Young University","issn":"00681016","usgsCitation":"Keighley, K., Yonkee, W., Ashland, F., and Evans, J., 1997, Bedrock geology of snyderville basin: Structural geology techniques applied to understanding the hydrogeology of a rapidly developing region, Summit County, Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 42, no. 2, p. 325-343.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"325","endPage":"343","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226698,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f080e4b0c8380cd4a775","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keighley, K.E.","contributorId":61580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighley","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yonkee, W.A.","contributorId":107044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yonkee","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ashland, F.X.","contributorId":95627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashland","given":"F.X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, J.P.","contributorId":94050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019427,"text":"70019427 - 1997 - Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T08:58:51","indexId":"70019427","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability","docAbstract":"<p><span>The occurrence and distribution of elevated nitrate concentrations (&ge; 3 mg/l) in ground water in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, were determined by examining existing data from more than 3000 wells. Models that estimate the probability that a well has an elevated nitrate concentration were constructed by relating the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations to both natural and anthropogenic variables using logistic regression. The variables that best explain the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations were well depth, surficial geology, and the percentage of urban and agricultural land within a radius of 3.2 kilometers of the well. From these relations, logistic regression models were developed to assess aquifer susceptibility (relative ease with which contaminants will reach aquifer) and ground-water vulnerability (relative ease with which contaminants will reach aquifer for a given set of land-use practices). Both models performed well at predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in an independent data set. This approach to assessing aquifer susceptibility and ground-water vulnerability has the advantages of having both model variables and coefficient values determined on the basis of existing water quality information and does not depend on the assignment of variables and weighting factors based on qualitative criteria.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00175.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Tesoriero, A., and Voss, F., 1997, Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability: Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1029-1039, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00175.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1029","endPage":"1039","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d7e4b0c8380cd7b77e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tesoriero, A. J.","contributorId":99127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tesoriero","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, F.D.","contributorId":103420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019429,"text":"70019429 - 1997 - Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70019429","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede","docAbstract":"Five absorption features are reported at wavelengths of 3.4, 3.88, 4.05, 4.25, and 4.57 micrometers in the surface materials of the Galilean satellites Callisto and Ganymede from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Candidate materials include CO2, organic materials (such as tholins containing C???N and C-H), SO2, and compounds containing an SH-functional group; CO2, SO2, and perhaps cyanogen [(CN)2] may be present within the surface material itself as collections of a few molecules each. The spectra indicate that the primary surface constituents are water ice and hydrated minerals.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.278.5336.271","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"McCord, T.B., Carlson, R.W., Smythe, W.D., Hansen, G.B., Clark, R.N., Hibbitts, C.A., Fanale, F.P., Granahan, J.C., Segura, M., Matson, D.L., Johnson, T.V., and Martin, P.D., 1997, Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede: Science, v. 278, no. 5336, p. 271-275, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5336.271.","startPage":"271","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205765,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5336.271"},{"id":226651,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"278","issue":"5336","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6fe5e4b0c8380cd75d23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, T. 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