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The restoration of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan has been an elusive goal of resource management agencies in the Great Lakes region. In this study, we estimated annual survival rates of adult lake trout from an area in northwestern Lake Michigan known as the Clay Banks refuge. We tagged and recaptured fish with gill nets during the fall spawning season (N = 12,175; 1983–1989 and 1991–1993) and with pound nets in the spring (N = 52,035; 1984–1990 and 1992–1993). We fit Cormack–Jolly–Seber models to the two sets of data. We had insufficient data to analyze annual differences in survival rates of fall-tagged fish, but we were able to estimate an overall annual survival rate of 0.67. Annual survival rates of spring-tagged fish varied between 0.53 and 0.88 and increased after 1987–1988. In addition to the mark–recapture studies, we analyzed catch rates of lake trout from gill-net and pound-net surveys to estimate survival rates using catch curve analyses; these annual rates were generally lower than those estimated from mark–recapture analyses of tagged fish. However, survival rates of lake trout from the Clay Banks refuge appeared to meet the minimum rate believed necessary for restoration of this species in Lake Michigan. Furthermore, adult survival rates have been increasing in recent years, and lake trout restoration in Lake Michigan is not hampered by low survival of adult fish. We hypothesize that the recent decrease in abundance of adult lake trout is primarily due to decreases in survival rates of lake trout younger than 6 years.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Holey, M.E., McKee, P.C., and Toneys, M.L., 1997, Survival rates of adult lake trout in northwestern Lake Michigan, 1983-1993: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 17, no. 2, p. 413-428, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1997)017<0413:SROALT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"428","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holey, Mark E.","contributorId":13174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holey","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Patrick C.","contributorId":32118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toneys, Michael L.","contributorId":27827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toneys","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003008,"text":"1003008 - 1997 - Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:43:15.808239","indexId":"1003008","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA","docAbstract":"

In 1993, great blue heron (Ardea herodias; GBH) eggs were collected from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River (UMR). They were then artificially incubated until pipping and analyzed for mercury, selenium, and organochlorines. Livers of embryos were analyzed for hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) activity and four measures of oxidative stress. Brains were measured for asymmetry and blood was measured for the coefficient of variation of DNA (DNA CV). Organochlorine concentrations were generally low (geometric mean DDE = 1.3 μg/g wet weight; polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB] = 3.0 μg/g; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD] = 11.5 pg/g). Eggshell thickness was negatively correlated with DDE concentrations. Mercury (geometric mean = 0.8 μg/g dry weight) and selenium (3.1 μg/g dry weight) concentrations in GBH eggs were within background levels. EROD activity was not correlated with total PCBs, TCDD, or toxic equivalents (TEQs), based on the relative contribution of individual PCB congeners, dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) to total calculated TEQs. Three of the four measures of oxidative stress were correlated with mercury concentrations. Twenty of 43 (47%) embryo brains were asymmetrical and the embryos with asymmetrical brains had higher EROD concentrations in the liver and higher DNA CV in the blood than embryos with symmetrical brains.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620160223","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Hines, R.K., Melancon, M.J., Hoffman, D.J., Wickliffe, J., Bickham, J., Martin, J., and Henshel, D., 1997, Contaminant concentrations and biomarker response in great blue heron eggs from 10 colonies on the upper Mississippi River, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 2, p. 260-271, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160223.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wickliffe, J.K.","contributorId":69093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickliffe","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bickham, J. W.","contributorId":87483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martin, J.W.","contributorId":71510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henshel, D.S.","contributorId":68250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henshel","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":1003017,"text":"1003017 - 1997 - Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:05:38.340632","indexId":"1003017","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish","docAbstract":"

Hydrogen peroxide is a drug of low regulatory priority status that is effective in treating fish and fish eggs infected by fungi. However, only limited information is available to guide fish culturists in administering hydrogen peroxide to diseased fish. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine (1) the sensitivity of brown trout Salmo trutta, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, walleye Stizostedion vitreum, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and bluegill Lepomis machrochirus to hydrogen peroxide treatments; (2) the sensitivity of various life stages of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to hydrogen peroxide treatments; and (3) the effect of water temperature on the acute toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to three fish species. Fish were exposed to hydrogen peroxide concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 μL/L (ppm) for 15‐min or 45‐min treatments every other day for four consecutive treatments to determine the sensitivity of various species and life stages of fish. Except for walleye, most species of fish tested (≤2 g) tolerated hydrogen peroxide of 1,000 μL/L or greater. Walleyes were sensitive to hydrogen peroxide concentrations as low as 100 μL/L. A correlation was found between the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide and the life stages of rainbow trout; larger fish were more sensitive. Generally, the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide increased for all species as water temperature increased. The results of these experiments demonstrate that it is important to consider the effects of species, life stage, and water temperature when conducting hydrogen peroxide treatments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059%3C0041:EOSLSA%3E2.3.CO;2","issn":"00330779","usgsCitation":"Rach, J., Schreier, T.M., Howe, G., and Redman, S., 1997, Effect of species, life stage, and water temperature on the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to fish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 59, no. 1, p. 41-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059%3C0041:EOSLSA%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199262,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6254ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rach, J.J.","contributorId":73948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rach","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreier, Theresa M. 0000-0001-7722-6292 tschreier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-6292","contributorId":3344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreier","given":"Theresa","email":"tschreier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, G.E.","contributorId":53734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Redman, S.D.","contributorId":108221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redman","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035192,"text":"70035192 - 1997 - Inside Kazakstan: Cooperative oil and gas research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:54","indexId":"70035192","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1829,"text":"Geotimes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inside Kazakstan: Cooperative oil and gas research","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geotimes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00168556","usgsCitation":"Cook, H.E., Zempolich, W., Zhemchuzhnikov, V., and Corboy, J., 1997, Inside Kazakstan: Cooperative oil and gas research: Geotimes, v. 42, no. 11, p. 16-20.","startPage":"16","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c1de4b0c8380cd62a94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, H. E.","contributorId":18782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zempolich, W.G.","contributorId":102287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zempolich","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhemchuzhnikov, V.G.","contributorId":28443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhemchuzhnikov","given":"V.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corboy, J.J.","contributorId":17059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corboy","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1003840,"text":"1003840 - 1997 - Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-10T17:55:57","indexId":"1003840","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission","docAbstract":"

In 1994, six Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) were recovered during the later stages of an epizootic of avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida) in diving ducks and seabirds on Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from four Ospreys submitted for bacterial examination. This is believed to be the first report of avian cholera in Ospreys. The same isolate, serotype 3,4, was isolated from the Ospreys, diving ducks,and seabirds collected during the epizootic. Possible modes of transmission of avian cholera in Ospreys were either the ingestion of sick waterfowl or use of infected carcasses or bones as nest material.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hindman, L., Harvey, W., Costanzo, G., Converse, K.A., and Stein, G., 1997, Avian cholera in ospreys: first occurrence and possible mode of transmission: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 68, no. 4, p. 503-508.","productDescription":"p. 503-508","startPage":"503","endPage":"508","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v068n04/p0503-p0508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"2760.000000000000000"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.7562255859375,\n 39.60992025700077\n ],\n [\n -75.95947265625,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -75.992431640625,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 38.92522904714054\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 38.792626957868904\n ],\n [\n -75.8551025390625,\n 38.57823196583313\n ],\n [\n -75.728759765625,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 38.26406296833964\n ],\n [\n -75.6463623046875,\n 38.108627664321276\n ],\n [\n -75.5364990234375,\n 37.92253448828906\n ],\n [\n -75.7781982421875,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 37.33522435930641\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 37.08585785263673\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 36.87522650673951\n ],\n [\n -75.9429931640625,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -76.1407470703125,\n 36.76969233214548\n ],\n [\n -76.5142822265625,\n 36.78289206199065\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 37.05956083025126\n ],\n [\n -77.1295166015625,\n 37.16469418870222\n ],\n [\n -77.2393798828125,\n 37.317751851636906\n ],\n [\n -77.36572265625,\n 37.609879943747146\n ],\n [\n -77.32177734375,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -77.4041748046875,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -77.34374999999999,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -77.310791015625,\n 38.659777730712534\n ],\n [\n -77.2943115234375,\n 38.92095542046727\n ],\n [\n -77.113037109375,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -77.025146484375,\n 39.07037913108751\n ],\n [\n -76.849365234375,\n 39.2407625100131\n ],\n [\n -76.5911865234375,\n 39.330048552942415\n ],\n [\n -76.475830078125,\n 39.38950933076637\n ],\n [\n -76.1956787109375,\n 39.614152077002636\n ],\n [\n -76.0089111328125,\n 39.66914219401813\n ],\n [\n -75.7562255859375,\n 39.60992025700077\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64afa6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hindman, L.J.","contributorId":33288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hindman","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, W.F. IV","contributorId":95030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"W.F.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Costanzo, G.R.","contributorId":17960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanzo","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Converse, K. A.","contributorId":81436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Converse","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stein, George Jr.","contributorId":34089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stein","given":"George","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1003392,"text":"1003392 - 1997 - The Ohio shrimp, Macrobrachium ohione, in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:15","indexId":"1003392","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3636,"text":"Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ohio shrimp, Macrobrachium ohione, in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Conaway, L., and Hrabik, R., 1997, The Ohio shrimp, Macrobrachium ohione, in the upper Mississippi River: Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science, v. 31, p. 44-46.","productDescription":"pp. 44-46","startPage":"44","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67aebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, L.K.","contributorId":94630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hrabik, R.A.","contributorId":41374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hrabik","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014901,"text":"1014901 - 1997 - The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T10:35:53","indexId":"1014901","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima","title":"The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima","docAbstract":"

Investigations on juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) revealed several physiological changes associated with downstream migration. Plasma chloride decreased 20% in wild juvenile shad during the autumn migration. Migrants had lower condition factor and hematocrit than non-migrant shad captured by beach seining. Gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity of migrant shad was higher than non-migrant; a 2.5-fold increase was observed in 1993, while a 57% increase was observed in 1994. Similar changes were observed in laboratory studies of shad maintained in fresh water under simulated natural temperature and photoperiod. Plasma chloride dropped 68% and gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity increased 3-fold over a 3-month period. Decreased plasma chloride was associated with increased mortality. Increases in gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity decreases in plasma chloride and osmolality, and incidence of mortality were delayed and moderated, but not eliminated, in shad maintained at constant temperature (24°C). Shad did not survive in fresh water past December regardless of temperature regime. In seawater, all shad survived and showed no perturbation of plasma chloride at 24°C or simulated natural temperature (above 4°C). The decline in hyperosmoregulatory ability, as influenced by declining temperatures, may serve as a proximate cue for autumnal migration.

","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f97-144","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., and McCormick, S., 1997, The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 10, p. 2377-2387, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-144.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2377","endPage":"2387","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ae5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019707,"text":"70019707 - 1997 - Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane flow grows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:24:47","indexId":"70019707","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane flow grows","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane (CBM) has become an increasingly important source of unconventional natural gas in the US within a span of a decade. In 1995, nearly 144 bcf of CBM was produced in the Appalachian basin at a value of about $260 million. From 1992 to 1995, CBM production in the central northern Appalachian basin quadrupled to nearly 31.3 bcf/year at a value of over $55 million, which represents only about 0.2% of the estimated technically recoverable CBM resource. Legal aspects of CBM ownership and environmental problems such as water disposal will become important issues to resolve in the various Appalachian states.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., 1997, Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane flow grows: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 95, no. 27, p. 76-79.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-95/issue-27/in-this-issue/exploration/central-northern-appalachian-coalbed-methane-flow-grows.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"95","issue":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3f4e4b0c8380cd4ba4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, Paul C.","contributorId":79894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Paul C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019627,"text":"70019627 - 1997 - Tadpole swimming performance and activity affected by acute exposure to sublethal levels of carbaryl","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019627","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tadpole swimming performance and activity affected by acute exposure to sublethal levels of carbaryl","docAbstract":"General activity and swimming performance (i.e., sprint speed and distance) of plains leopard frog tadpoles (Rana blairi) were examined after acute exposure to three sublethal concentrations of carbaryl (3.5, 5.0, and 7.2 mg/L). Both swimming performance and spontaneous swimming activity are important for carrying out life history functions (e.g., growth and development) and for escaping from predators. Measured tadpole activity diminished by nearly 90% at 3.5 mg/L carbaryl and completely ceased at 7.2 mg/L. Sprint speed and sprint distance also decreased significantly following exposure. Carbaryl affected both swimming performance and activity after just 24 h, suggesting that 24 h may be an adequate length of exposure to determine behavioral effects on tadpoles. Slight recovery of activity levels was noted at 24 and 48 h post-exposure; no recovery of swimming performance was observed. Reduction in activity and swimming performance may result in increased predation rates and, because activity is closely associated with feeding, may result in slowed growth leading to a failure to emerge before pond drying or an indirect reduction in adult fitness. Acute exposure to sublethal toxicants such as carbaryl may not only affect immediate survival of tadpoles but also impact critical life history functions and generate changes at the local population level.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1935:TSPAAA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Bridges, C., 1997, Tadpole swimming performance and activity affected by acute exposure to sublethal levels of carbaryl: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, no. 9, p. 1935-1939, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1935:TSPAAA>2.3.CO;2.","startPage":"1935","endPage":"1939","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206058,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<1935:TSPAAA>2.3.CO;2"},{"id":228126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3afe4b08c986b31fe01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bridges, C.M.","contributorId":104652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bridges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":383364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019812,"text":"70019812 - 1997 - An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019812","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates","docAbstract":"We reconstruct long-term vegetation/paleoclimatic trends, spanning the last 18 million years, in Alaska. Yukon and far western Northwest Territories. Twenty-one average percentage spectra for pollen and spores are assembled from eight surface/subsurface sections. The sections are dated independently or by correlation. Pollen and spore ratios indicate the direction of change in vegetation and climatic parameters growing season temperature (T(est)), tree canopy density (C(est)) and paludification at study sites (P(est)). A global warm peak ca. 15 Ma is shown by the abundance of thermophilous taxa, including Fagus and Quercus. A temperature decline immediately following 15 Ma parallels climatic reconstructions based on marine oxygen isotopes. Subsequent declines correlate to the Messinian event and the onset of late Pliocene Pleistocene glaciation. After 7 Ma herbs and shrubs become more important elements of the palynological assemblages, suggesting a more continental, colder/drier climate. However, a late Pliocene warm interval is evident. Vegetation/climatic changes during the early to late Miocene show synchrony with, and are most economically attributable to, global events. After 7 Ma, vegetation/climate change is attributed primarily to latest Miocene-to-Pleistocene uplift of the Alaska Range and St. Elias Mrs. The continuing influence of global climatic patterns is shown in the late Pliocene warm interval, despite uplift to the south. The opening of the Bering Strait ca. 3 Ma may have moderated the climate in the study area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"White, J.M., Ager, T.A., Adam, D., Leopold, E.B., Liu, G., Jette, H., and Schweger, C.E., 1997, An 18 million year record of vegetation and climate change in northwestern Canada and Alaska: Tectonic and global climatic correlates: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 130, no. 1-4, p. 293-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0.","startPage":"293","endPage":"306","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00146-0"},{"id":227936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"130","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cce4b0c8380cd48474","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, J. M.","contributorId":40268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adam, D.P.","contributorId":14815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leopold, E. B.","contributorId":81162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leopold","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jette, H.","contributorId":39957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jette","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schweger, C. E.","contributorId":63549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70020273,"text":"70020273 - 1997 - A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020273","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Williams, S., Stone, G., and Burruss, A., 1997, A perspective on the Louisiana wetland loss and coastal erosion problem: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 593-594.","startPage":"593","endPage":"594","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4d5e4b0c8380cd46971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, G.W.","contributorId":68065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burruss, A.E. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":26845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019977,"text":"70019977 - 1997 - Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:54:09.913384","indexId":"70019977","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2152,"text":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","title":"Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3","docAbstract":"

The mineral loparite (Ce, NA, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3 is the principal ore of the light-group rare-earth elements (LREE) in Russia. The complex oxide has a perovskite (ABO3) structure with coupled substitutions, polymorphism, defect chemistry and a tendency to become metamict. The A site generally contains weakly bonded, easily exchanged cations of the LREE, Na and Ca. The B site generally contains smaller, highly charged cations of Ti, Nb or Fe+3. Mine production is from Russia's Kola Peninsula. Ore is beneficiated to produce a 95% loparite concentrate containing 30% rare-earth oxides. Loparite concentrate is refined by either a chlorination process or acid decomposition process to recover rare-earths, titanium, niobium and tantalum. Rare-earths are separated by solvent extraction and selective precipitation/dissolution. The concentrate is processed at plants in Russia, Estonia and Kazakstan.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1","issn":"09258388","usgsCitation":"Hedrick, J., Sinha, S., and Kosynkin, V., 1997, Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 250, no. 1-2, p. 467-470, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02824-1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"470","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49cfe4b0c8380cd688e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hedrick, J.B.","contributorId":96717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinha, S.P.","contributorId":44306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinha","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kosynkin, V.D.","contributorId":96847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kosynkin","given":"V.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020284,"text":"70020284 - 1997 - Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:21:36","indexId":"70020284","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"The chemical relationships among particulate and colloidal organic material and dissolved fulvic acid were examined in an alpine and subalpine lake and two streams in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. The alpine lake, Sky Pond, had the lowest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (0.37 mgC/L), the highest particulate carbon (POC) (0.13 mgC/L), and high algal biomass. The watershed of Sky Pond is primarily talus slope, and DOC and POC may be autochthonous. Both Andrews Creek and Icy Brook gain DOC as they flow through wet sedge meadows. The subalpine lake, The Loch, receives additional organic material from the surrounding forest and had a higher DOC (0.66 mgC/L). Elemental analysis, stable carbon isotopic compositon, and 13C-NMR characterization showed that: 1) particulate material had relatively high inorganic contents and was heterogeneous in compositon, 2) colloidal material was primarily carbohydrate material with a low inorganic content at all sites; and 3) dissolved fulvic acid varied in compositon among sites. The low concentration and carbohydrate-rich character of the colloidal material suggests that this fraction is labile to microbial degradation and may be turning over more rapidly than particulate fractions or dissolved fulvic acid. Fulvic acid from Andrews Creek had the lowest N content and aromaticity, whereas Sky Pond fulvic acid had a higher N content and lower aromaticity than fulvic acid from The Loch. The UV-visible spectra of the fulvic acids demonstrate that variation in characteristics with sources of organic carbon can explain to some extent the observed nonlinear relationship between UV-B extinction coefficients and DOC concentrations in lakes.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005783812730","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Harnish, R., Wershaw, R., Baron, J., and Schiff, S., 1997, Chemical characteristics of particulate, colloidal, and dissolved organic material in Loch Vale Watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park: Biogeochemistry, v. 36, no. 1, p. 99-124, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005783812730.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005783812730"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105.1667,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -105.1667,\n 40.5833\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 40.5833\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f55ce4b0c8380cd4c1b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harnish, R.","contributorId":72143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schiff, S.","contributorId":77698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiff","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020056,"text":"70020056 - 1997 - The effect of drought on Engelmann prickly pear (cactaceae: Opuntia engelmannii) fruit and seed production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020056","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of drought on Engelmann prickly pear (cactaceae: Opuntia engelmannii) fruit and seed production","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 1997, The effect of drought on Engelmann prickly pear (cactaceae: Opuntia engelmannii) fruit and seed production: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 42, no. 2, p. 240-242.","startPage":"240","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab23e4b08c986b322c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019859,"text":"70019859 - 1997 - Sedimentary phosphorus cycling and a phosphorus mass balance for the Green Bay (Lake Michigan) ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:21:35","indexId":"70019859","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary phosphorus cycling and a phosphorus mass balance for the Green Bay (Lake Michigan) ecosystem","docAbstract":"The tributaries of Green Bay have long been recognized as major sources of phosphorus in the Lake Michigan basin. The status of Green Bay as a sink or source of phosphorus for Lake Michigan proper has been less well defined. The bay receives nearly 70% of its annual load of phosphorus (700 metric tons (t)??year-1) from a single source: the Fox River. Most of this phosphorus is deposited in sediments accumulating at rates that reach 160 mg??cm-2??year-1 with an average of 20 mg??cm-2 year-1. The phosphorus content of these sediments varies from <5 to >70 ??mol??g-1. Deposition is highly focused, with ???0% of the total sediment accumulation and at least 80% of the phosphorus burial occurring within 20% of the surface area of the bay. Diagenetic and stoichiometric models of phosphorus cycling imply that >80% of the phosphorus deposited is permanently buried. External phosphorus loading to the bay is combined with sediment fluxes of phophorus to arrive at a simple phosphorus budget. Green Bay acts as an efficient nutrient trap, with the sediments retaining an estimated 70-90% of the external phosphorus inputs before flowing into Lake Michigan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-54-1-10","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Val, K.J., Edgington, D., Sager, P., and Robertson, D.M., 1997, Sedimentary phosphorus cycling and a phosphorus mass balance for the Green Bay (Lake Michigan) ecosystem: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 1, p. 10-26, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-1-10.","startPage":"10","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206040,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-1-10"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a2ee4b08c986b317095","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Val, Klump J.","contributorId":41164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Val","given":"Klump","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edgington, D.N.","contributorId":14587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edgington","given":"D.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sager, P.E.","contributorId":61974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sager","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019742,"text":"70019742 - 1997 - Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T16:26:42","indexId":"70019742","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1621,"text":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review","docAbstract":"Modern day injection and recovery techniques designed to examine the transport behavior of microorganisms in groundwater have evolved from experiments conducted in the late 1800s, in which bacteria that form red or yellow pigments were used to trace flow paths through karst and fractured- rock aquifers. A number of subsequent groundwater hydrology studies employed bacteriophage that can be injected into aquifers at very high concentrations (e g., 1013 phage ml-1) and monitored through many log units of dilution to follow groundwater flow paths for great distances, particularly in karst terrain. Starting in the 1930s, microbial indicators of fecal contamination (particularly coliform bacteria and their coliphages) were employed as tracers to determine potential migration of pathogens in groundwater. Several injection and recovery experiments performed in the 1990s employed indigenous groundwater microorganisms (both cultured and uncultured) that are better able to survive under in situ conditions. Better methods for labeling native bacteria (e.g by stable isotope labeling or inserting genetic markers; such as the ability to cause ice nucleation) are being developed that will not compromise the organisms' viability during the experimental time course.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford","doi":"10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0","issn":"01686445","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., 1997, Microorganisms as tracers in groundwater injection and recovery experiments: A review: FEMS Microbiology Reviews, v. 20, no. 3-4, p. 461-472, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"461","endPage":"472","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479976,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(97)00026-0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206046,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6445(97)00026-0"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a568be4b0c8380cd6d67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014743,"text":"1014743 - 1997 - Studying black bears in the Okefenokee: A \"down-on-all-fours\" field report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T19:23:10","indexId":"1014743","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3030,"text":"People, Land, and Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studying black bears in the Okefenokee: A \"down-on-all-fours\" field report","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"People, Land, and Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"98-101/SAL","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., and Brandenburg, D., 1997, Studying black bears in the Okefenokee: A \"down-on-all-fours\" field report: People, Land, and Water, v. 4, no. 9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandenburg, D.M.","contributorId":78685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandenburg","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014745,"text":"1014745 - 1997 - Laboratory biological testing of new acid mine drainage treatment technology provides support for field applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1014745","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3396,"text":"Slate Run Tackle Shop Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory biological testing of new acid mine drainage treatment technology provides support for field applications","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Slate Run Tackle Shop Newsletter","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-034/NF","usgsCitation":"Cole, M., Arnold, D., Ross, R., and Watten, B., 1997, Laboratory biological testing of new acid mine drainage treatment technology provides support for field applications: Slate Run Tackle Shop Newsletter, v. 1996, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"p. 17-18","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, M.","contributorId":100784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, D.","contributorId":76683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, R.","contributorId":8410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watten, B. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":83472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019678,"text":"70019678 - 1997 - Characterisation of physical environmental factors on an intertidal sandflat, Manukau Harbour, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019678","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Characterisation of physical environmental factors on an intertidal sandflat, Manukau Harbour, New Zealand","docAbstract":"Physical environmental factors, including sediment characteristics, inundation time, tidal currents and wind waves, likely to influence the structure of the benthic community at meso-scales (1-100 m) were characterised for a sandflat off Wiroa Island (Manukau Harbour, New Zealand). In a 500 x 250 m study site, sediment characteristics and bed topography were mostly homogenous apart from patches of low-relief ridges and runnels. Field measurements and hydrodynamic modelling portray a complex picture of sediment or particulate transport on the intertidal flat, involving interactions between the larger scale tidal processes and the smaller scale wave dynamics (1-4 s; 1-15 m). Peak tidal currents in isolation are incapable of eroding bottom sediments, but in combination with near-bed orbital currents generated by only very small wind waves, sediment transport can be initiated. Work done on the bed integrated over an entire tidal cycle by prevailing wind waves is greatest on the elevated and flatter slopes of the study site, where waves shoal over a wider surf zone and water depths remain shallow e enough for wave-orbital currents to disturb the bed. The study also provided physical descriptors quantifying static and hydrodynamic (tidal and wave) factors which were used in companion studies on ecological spatial modelling of bivalve distributions and micro-scale sediment reworking and transport.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00088-9","issn":"00220981","usgsCitation":"Bell, R., Hume, T., Dolphin, T., Green, M., and Walters, R.A., 1997, Characterisation of physical environmental factors on an intertidal sandflat, Manukau Harbour, New Zealand, in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, v. 216, no. 1-2, p. 11-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00088-9.","startPage":"11","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00088-9"},{"id":228286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"216","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f48ae4b0c8380cd4bd9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bell, R.G.","contributorId":43512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hume, T.M.","contributorId":10567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hume","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dolphin, T.J.","contributorId":100134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dolphin","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Green, M.O.","contributorId":12219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Walters, R. A.","contributorId":34174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019585,"text":"70019585 - 1997 - Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:38:58","indexId":"70019585","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions","docAbstract":"

The kinetics of anaerobic mineralization of DCE and VC under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions as a function of dissolved contaminant concentration were evaluated. Microorganisms indigenous to creek bed sedi ments, where groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethenes continuously discharges, demonstrated significant mineralization of DCE and VC under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. Over 37 days, the recovery of [1,2-14C]VC radioactivity as 14CO2 ranged from 5% to 44% and from 8% to 100% under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions, respectively. The recovery of [1,2-14C]DCE radioactivity as 14CO2ranged from 4% to 14% and did not vary significantly between methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. VC mineralization was described by Michaelis−Menten kinetics. Under methanogenic condi tions, Vmax was 0.19 ± 0.01 μmol L-1 d-1 and the half-saturation constant, km, was 7.6 ± 1.7 μM. Under Fe(III)-reducing conditions, Vmax was 0.76 ± 0.07 μmol L-1 d-1 and km was 1.3 ± 0.5 μM. In contrast, DCE mineralization could be described by first-order kinetics. The first-order degradation rate constant for DCE mineralization was 0.6 ± 0.2% d-1 under methanogenic and Fe(III)-reducing conditions. The results indicate that the kinetics of chlorinated ethene mineralization can vary significantly with the specific contaminant and the predominant redox conditions under which mineralization occurs.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es970110e","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., and Chapelle, F.H., 1997, Kinetics of DCE and VC mineralization under methanogenic and Fe(III)- reducing conditions: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2692-2696, https://doi.org/10.1021/es970110e.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2692","endPage":"2696","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206076,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970110e"}],"volume":"31","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a9e4b0c8380cd64f43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020021,"text":"70020021 - 1997 - Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70020021","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates","docAbstract":"A bottom simulating seismic reflection (BSR) that parallels the sea floor occurs worldwide on seismic profiles from outer continental margins. The BSR coincides with the base of the gas hydrate stability field and is commonly used as indicator of natural submarine gas hydrates. Despite the widespread assumption that the BSR marks the base of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, the occurrence and importance of low-velocity free gas in the sediments beneath the BSR has long been a subject of debate. This paper investigates the relative abundance of hydrate and free gas associated with the BSR by modeling the reflection coefficient or amplitude variation with offset (AVO) of the BSR at two separate sites, offshore Oregon and the Beaufort Sea. The models are based on multichannel seismic profiles, seismic velocity data from both sites and downhole log data from Oregon ODP Site 892. AVO studies of the BSR can determine whether free gas exists beneath the BSR if the saturation of gas hydrate above the BSR is less than approximately 30% of the pore volume. Gas hydrate saturation above the BSR can be roughly estimated from AVO studies, but the saturation of free gas beneath the BSR cannot be constrained from the seismic data alone. The AVO analyses at the two study locations indicate that the high amplitude BSR results primarily from free gas beneath the BSR. Hydrate concentrations above the BSR are calculated to be less than 10% of the pore volume for both locations studied.","largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Andreassen, K., Hart, P., and MacKay, M., 1997, Amplitude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflection associated with submarine gas hydrates, in Marine Geology, v. 137, no. 1-2, p. 25-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X.","startPage":"25","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206042,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00076-X"},{"id":228034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e9cbe4b0c8380cd4846c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andreassen, K.","contributorId":102218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreassen","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKay, M.","contributorId":98482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKay","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019711,"text":"70019711 - 1997 - Measurement of clathrate hydrates via Raman spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:59:00.479909","indexId":"70019711","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2425,"text":"Journal of Physical Chemistry B","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of clathrate hydrates via Raman spectroscopy","docAbstract":"

Raman spectra of clathrate hydrate guest molecules are presented for three known structures (I (sI), II (sII), and H (sH)) in the following systems:  CH4 (sI), CO2 (sI), C3H8 (sII), CH4 + CO2 (sI), CD4 + C3H8 (sII), CH4 + N2 (sI), CH4 + THF-d8 (sII), and CH4 + C7D14 (sH). Relative occupancy of CH4 in the large and small cavities of sI were determined by deconvoluting the ν1 symmetric bands, resulting in hydration numbers of 6.04 ± 0.03. The frequency of the ν1 bands for CH4 in structures I, II, and H differ statistically, so that Raman spectroscopy is a potential tool to identify hydrate crystal structure. Hydrate guest compositions were also measured for two vapor compositions of the CH4 + CO2 system, and they compared favorably with predictions. The large cavities were measured to be almost fully occupied by CH4 and CO2, whereas only a small fraction of the small cavities are occupied by CH4. No CO2 was found in the small cavities. Hydration numbers from 7.27 to 7.45 were calculated for the mixed hydrate.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/jp970768e","issn":"10895647","usgsCitation":"Sum, A.K., Burruss, R., and Sloan, E., 1997, Measurement of clathrate hydrates via Raman spectroscopy: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, v. 101, no. 38, p. 7371-7377, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp970768e.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7371","endPage":"7377","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228205,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-09-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f7e4b0c8380cd6c7b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sum, A. K.","contributorId":105457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sum","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, R.C. 0000-0001-6827-804X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":99574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sloan, E.D. Jr.","contributorId":37096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"E.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019548,"text":"70019548 - 1997 - Chemical and isotopic evidence of gas-influenced flow at a transform plate boundary: Monterey Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:13:19.189935","indexId":"70019548","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic evidence of gas-influenced flow at a transform plate boundary: Monterey Bay, California","docAbstract":"

Chemical and isotopic compositions of pore fluids document upward flow through communities of vesicomyid clams in Monterey Bay, California. Within the clam communities, the sulfate reduction zone is only 10 cm thick, and Ca and Mg concentrations decrease to values as low as 2.2 mM and 34.5 mM, respectively, at depths less than 30 cm below the sediment-water interface. Less than 5 m outside the communities, the base of the sulfate reduction zone is deeper than the greatest penetration of the cores (∼30 cm), and Ca and Mg exhibit only minor changes from seawater values. The sediment exhibits no significant variation in grain size, mineralogy, organic carbon, nitrogen, or carbonate content throughout the region. The composition of pore fluid within clam communities results from upward flow of altered fluid rather than different diagenetic reactions within and outside the communities. Isotopically light dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), with δ13C values ranging from −3.2 to −54.1‰, could reflect carbon sources from either oxidized thermogenic methane and/or a mixture of oxidized microbial methane and solid organic carbon. The C1/(C2+C3) ratios (ranging from 34 to 1142) and the hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of methane (δD values of −109 to −156‰; δ13C values of −30.6 to −86.6‰) suggest that methane is primarily microbial but that a minor component could be thermally generated. Any thermogenic methane would have migrated from great depths, possibly >2 km. The presence of methane is likely to contribute to fluid flow by reducing the density of the fluids. Past fluid migration and venting are reflected by widespread carbonate mineralization at the sediment-water interface. This mineralization and the geographic distribution and proportions of microbial and thermogenic methane suggest that vent sites migrate when permeability is reduced during carbonate cementation. These results demonstrate that along with convergent and divergent plate boundaries, transform plate boundaries are characterized by fluid flow and that the flow may be widespread, occurring at sites away from fault zones.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB02154","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Martin, J., Orange, D., Lorenson, T., and Kvenvolden, K., 1997, Chemical and isotopic evidence of gas-influenced flow at a transform plate boundary: Monterey Bay, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 11, p. 24903-24915, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB02154.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"24903","endPage":"24915","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479020,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb02154","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f546e4b0c8380cd4c147","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orange, D.L.","contributorId":31814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orange","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lorenson, T.D.","contributorId":7715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kvenvolden, K.A.","contributorId":80674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014816,"text":"1014816 - 1997 - Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:39:50.681689","indexId":"1014816","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution","docAbstract":"

The relationship between allozyme genotype and survival of nymphs of the mayfly Isonychia bicolor (Walker) when exposed to acute mercury concentrations was tested in laboratory experiments. The probability of survival and individual times-to-death were found to be significantly different among genotypes at the glucose phosphate isomerase locus, but not at the phosphoglucomutase locus. This pattern was consistent for both summer and winter temperatures and for populations from 2 separate, unpolluted streams. Subsequent field surveys were conducted to determine if results of these acute laboratory tests could be extrapolated to the more chronic, sublethal conditions present in the South River, Virginia. Genotypes identified as sensitive and tolerant in the laboratory experiments showed no consistent relationship with environmental mercury levels in the South River. In fact, one heterozygote identified as tolerant was found to be more frequent at the reference site than at contaminated sites, and no significant between-site differences were observed in the frequencies of the most sensitive genotype. Consequently, despite fitness differences to mercury exposure among allozyme variants, we were unable to attribute any between-site differences in genetic structure in I. bicolor populations to adaptation to mercury pollution.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468151","usgsCitation":"Snyder, C., and Hendricks, A., 1997, Genetic responses of Isonychia bicolor (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) to chronic mercury pollution: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 16, no. 3, p. 651-663, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468151.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"651","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aeaec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, C.D.","contributorId":73540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hendricks, A.C.","contributorId":24721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendricks","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019580,"text":"70019580 - 1997 - Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T17:00:56","indexId":"70019580","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models","docAbstract":"Soils contain a diverse and complex set of chemicals and minerals. Being an 'open system', both in the chemical and nuclear sense, soils have defied quantitative nuclear dating. However, based on the published studies of the cosmogenic atmospheric 10Be in soils, its relatively long half-life (1.5 Ma), and the fact that 10Be gets quickly incorporated in most soil minerals, this radionuclide appears to be potentially the most useful for soil dating. We therefore studied the natural variations in the specific activities of 10Be with respect to the isotope 9Be in mineral phases in eight profiles of diverse soils from temperate to tropical climatic regimes and evaluated the implications of the data for determining the time of formation of soil minerals, following an earlier suggestion [Lal et al., 1991. Development of cosmogenic nuclear methods for the study of soil erosion and formation rates. Current Sci. 61, 636-639.]. We find that the 10Be/9Be ratios in both bulk soils and in the authigenic mineral phases are confined within a narrower range than in 10Be concentrations. Also, the highest 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals are observed at the soil-rock interface as predicted by the model. We present model 10Be/9Be ages of the B-horizon and the corresponding soil formation rates for several soil profiles. The present study demonstrates that the 10Be/9Be ratios in the authigenic phases, e.g. clay and Fe-hydroxides, can indeed be used for obtaining useful model ages for soils younger than 10-15 Ma. However, the present work has to be pushed considerably further, to take into account more realistic age models in which, for instance, downward transport of 10Be and clays, and in-situ dissolution of clay minerals at depths, altering the 10Be/9Be ratios of the acidic solutions, are included. We show that in the case of younger soils (< 1 Ma) studied here, their 10Be inventories and 10Be/9Be ratios have been significantly disturbed possibly by mixing with transported soils. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Barg, E., Lal, D., Pavich, M., Caffee, M., and Southon, J.R., 1997, Beryllium geochemistry in soils: Evaluation of 10Be/9Be ratios in authigenic minerals as a basis for age models: Chemical Geology, v. 140, no. 3-4, p. 237-258, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X.","startPage":"237","endPage":"258","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266039,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00051-X"},{"id":228123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0cce4b0c8380cd4a903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barg, E.","contributorId":57222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barg","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lal, D.","contributorId":58791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lal","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pavich, M.J.","contributorId":70788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavich","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caffee, M.W.","contributorId":86127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffee","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Southon, J. R.","contributorId":24895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}