{"pageNumber":"3677","pageRowStart":"91900","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185278,"records":[{"id":70019952,"text":"70019952 - 1997 - Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:20:36.327913","indexId":"70019952","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging","docAbstract":"In March 1994, we used the newly refurbished Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to obtain global imaging of Io at five wavelengths between 0.34 and 1.02 μm, with a spatial resolution of 160 km. The images provided the clearest view of Io since Voyager and the first systematic observations in the wavelength range 0.7–1.0 μm. We have produced absolutely calibrated global mosaics of Io's reflectance in all our five wavelengths. The near-infrared images reveal that the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge seen in Io's disk-integrated spectrum has a very different spatial distribution from the better-known 0.40- to 0.50-μm absorption edge studied by Voyager, and must be generated by a different chemical species. The 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge is strongly concentrated in the pyroclastic ejecta blanket of the volcano Pele, at a few much smaller discrete spots, and probably also in the polar regions. The Pele ejecta spectrum is consistent with the idea that S2O, partially decomposed to S4(and probably S3), may be the species responsible for the 0.55- to 0.7-μm absorption edge at Pele and elsewhere on Io, though S4generated by other processes may also be a possibility. S2O can be produced by high-temperature decomposition of SO2gas, and the high temperature of the Pele volcano may account for its concentration there. Spectral anomalies of comparable size and prominence are not seen around the other “Pele-type” volcanos Surt and Aten (A. S. McEwen and L. A. Soderblom, 1983,Icarus55, 191–217), suggesting that these volcanos, if chemically similar to Pele, are much less active. The spectrum of high-latitude regions is similar to that of quenched red sulfur glass, and if this similarity is not coincidental, the glass may be preserved here by the low polar surface temperatures. Alternatively, the low polar temperatures may preserve sulfur that has been reddened by radiation. There are many changes in albedo patterns in the 15 years between Voyager and these HST observations, but these are generally subtle at HST resolution and are not strongly concentrated in longitude; however there was a major brightening of a 400-km-diameter region centered on Ra Patera between March 1994 and repeat HST observations in July 1995, which was a larger albedo change than any seen in the previous 15 years. This was presumably due to a large eruption at Ra Patera, as confirmed by Galileo images. Long-exposure eclipse images of Io at 1.02 μm on March 6, 1994, place strong limits on the area of exposed silicate magma on Io at the time of the observations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/icar.1996.5670","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Spencer, J., McEwen, A.S., McGrath, M., Sartoretti, P., Nash, D., Noll, K.S., and Gilmore, D., 1997, Volcanic resurfacing of Io: Post-repair HST imaging: Icarus, v. 127, no. 1, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1996.5670.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228182,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc300e4b08c986b32aed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, J.R.","contributorId":106270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, A. S.","contributorId":11317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGrath, M.A.","contributorId":26829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGrath","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sartoretti, P.","contributorId":93226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartoretti","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nash, D.B.","contributorId":50562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Noll, K. S.","contributorId":33075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noll","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gilmore, D.","contributorId":77311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019935,"text":"70019935 - 1997 - Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:18","indexId":"70019935","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics","docAbstract":"The Gulf of the Farallones is located on a continental margin that is tectonically active and has experienced eustatic fluctuations of sea level throughout the Quaternary. Bathymetry of the Gulf suggests that it is different from the average continental shelf off California in that instead of a seafloor that slopes gently seaward from the shoreline to the shelf edge (dominantly west to southwest), much of the Gulf shelf slopes to the northwest, a direction that is subparallel to that of the adjacent mainland shoreline. Isobaths are oblique to shore-normal for much of the Gulf shelf as opposed to the more typical shore-parallel isobaths. This northwest trend is parallel to that of the offshore granitic outcrops, the Farallon Island ridge and Cordell Bank. 3.5 kHz shallow subsurface profiles show a regional unconformity (basal unconformity of this study) that truncates bedrock and typically is overlain by a very thin veneer (1-2 m or less) of acoustically transparent unconsolidated sediment. In places, the basal unconformity appears to be coincident with the seafloor. Where the basal unconformity is within 1-2 m of the seafloor, side-scan sonar reveals that either bedrock pierces the seafloor or numerous linear depressions dissect the shelf seafloor. Side-scan sonar shows that the central part of the study area is characterized by numerous linear depressions that are on the order of 1-3 m deep, several meters to 5 km in length, and from 250 m to 2 km in width. The only Holocene unconsolidated sediment in excess of 1-2 m that has accumulated on the Gulf shelf is located where the bedrock surface is topographically depressed. The topographic lows are situated south of the Point Reyes headland and southwest of the Golden Gate. The sediment deposits that overlie these lows attain thicknesses up to 15-20 m; however, their average thickness is less than 10 m. Structure contours on the basal unconformity surface, essentially the top of the bedrock platform, also show that it is topographically high at its southern end and low at its northern end; the slope of the platform is therefore to the northwest. The seafloor mimics the attitude of the bedrock platform owing to the lack of appreciable sediment cover and hence also slopes northwest. This accounts for the oblique to shore-normal orientation of isobaths in the Gulf and the northwestward slope of the seafloor. The results of this investigation suggest that eustatic sea level fluctuations in conjunction with local tectonics had a profound effect on the deposition, erosion, and preservation of sediment on the Gulf shelf throughout the Quaternary and that the shallow subsurface greatly influences many aspects of the present surficial morphology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Chin, J.L., Karl, H.A., and Maher, N., 1997, Shallow subsurface geology of the continental shelf, Gulf of the Farallones, California, and its relationship to surficial seafloor characteristics: Marine Geology, v. 137, no. 3-4, p. 251-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6.","startPage":"251","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206020,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00091-6"},{"id":227898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"137","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3fe4b08c986b318806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, J. L.","contributorId":13625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maher, N.M.","contributorId":25312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019551,"text":"70019551 - 1997 - Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T16:59:22","indexId":"70019551","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy","docAbstract":"Gas manifestations in north-central Italy consist of CO2-rich gases with minor N2-rich emissions and discharge either along with thermal springs or into cold and stagnant waters. 'Cold' gases are prevalently CO2-dominated (> 90%) while gases related to the thermal waters have variable composition: from CO2 > 99.5% to N2 > 90%. The variable composition of 'thermal' gases is caused by differences in the thermal regime and lithology of the ascent paths, where there is mixing of gases from multiple sources, such as N2-rich atmospheric and deep CO2-rich metamorphic end-members. Elevated concentrations of CH4 and H2 in these gases are generally related to the presence of active geothermal systems at shallow depth, such as the Larderello-Travale field in Tuscany. The ??13C values between coexisting CH4 and CO2 in all samples analyzed suggest that CH4 originates abiogenically in 200-400??C hydrothermal systems. Far from geothermal areas, where the thermal gradient is lower or the water/gas ratio is high because of large inflow of meteoric waters, H2 and CH4 are usually lower. In some cases, they can be scrubbed or oxidized (especially H2), while the residual rising gas becomes indirectly enriched in N2 and CO2. Carbon dioxide is also enriched in some discharged gases because it is produced at shallow depth in lower temperature conditions (< 150??C). Heavy ??15N values for N2 to near +7.0??? suggest that, for some gas samples that contain excess nitrogen (e.g. where N2/Ar ??? 83), this component probably derives from ammonia-rich feldspars and micas within the Palaeozoic schist basement rocks. However, other samples show evidence of a shallow component of CH4 and N2 from Neogene basin sediments. The areal distribution of the 3He/4He ratio points to a general prevalence of atmospheric and crustal 4He in the gas discharges in central Italy. A significant component of mantle 3He is only found in the geothermal areas of Larderello where the large regional thermal anomaly suggests the presence of a deep magmatic body. ?? 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Minissale, A., Evans, W.C., Magro, G., and Vaselli, O., 1997, Multiple source components in gas manifestations from north-central Italy: Chemical Geology, v. 142, no. 3-4, p. 175-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8.","startPage":"175","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266038,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00081-8"},{"id":228280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a607ae4b0c8380cd714b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minissale, A.","contributorId":94441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minissale","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magro, G.","contributorId":79644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magro","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vaselli, O.","contributorId":93647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaselli","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019607,"text":"70019607 - 1997 - 238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-15T00:09:32.004309","indexId":"70019607","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration?","title":"238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration?","docAbstract":"A detailed TIMS study of (234Uexc/238U), (230Th/232Th), and Th/U ratios have been performed on the outermost margin of ten hydrogenous Fe![\"single](\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\")
Mn crusts from the equatorial Pacific Ocean and west-central Indian Ocean.Th/U concentration ratios generally decrease from the crust's surface down to 0.5-1 mm depth and growth rates estimated by uranium and thorium isotope ratios are significantly different in FeMn crusts from the Peru Basin and the west-central Indian Ocean. FeMn crusts from the same geographical area define a single trend in plots of Ln(234Uexc/238U) vs. Ln(230Th/232Th) and Th/U ratios vs. age of the analysed fractions. Results suggest that (l) hydrogenous FeMn crusts remain closed-systems after formation, and consequently (2) the discrepancy observed between the 230Th and 234U chronometers in FeMn crusts, and the variations of the Th/U ratios through the margin of FeMn crusts, are not due to redistribution of uranium and thorium isotopes after oxyhydroxide precipitation, but rather to temporal variations of both Th/U and initial thorium activity ratios recorded by the FeMn layers. Implications of these observations for determination of FeMn crust growth-rates are discussed. Variations of both Th/U and initial Th activity ratios in FeMn crusts might be related to changes in particle input to seawater and/or changes in ocean circulation during the last 150 ka.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00187-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Chabaux, F., O’Nions, R.K., Cohen, A., and Hein, J., 1997, 238U-234U-230Th disequilibrium in hydrogenous oceanic Fe-Mn crusts: Palaeoceanographic record or diagenetic alteration?: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 17, p. 3619-3632, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00187-7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3619","endPage":"3632","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Peru Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.41243110799503,\n -15.252637333283488\n ],\n [\n -86.41243110799503,\n -26.909578168327208\n ],\n [\n -69.92641100285415,\n -26.909578168327208\n ],\n [\n -69.92641100285415,\n -15.252637333283488\n ],\n [\n -86.41243110799503,\n -15.252637333283488\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 54.55179626950547,\n -1.8526203682659315\n ],\n [\n 54.55179626950547,\n -23.043216076522015\n ],\n [\n 73.38433995476782,\n -23.043216076522015\n ],\n [\n 73.38433995476782,\n -1.8526203682659315\n ],\n [\n 54.55179626950547,\n -1.8526203682659315\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e254e4b0c8380cd45ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chabaux, F.","contributorId":53972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chabaux","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Nions, R. K.","contributorId":29138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Nions","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, A.S.","contributorId":19313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019137,"text":"70019137 - 1997 - Ophiolitic basement to the Great Valley forearc basin, California, from seismic and gravity data: Implications for crustal growth at the North American continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T14:21:14.37421","indexId":"70019137","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ophiolitic basement to the Great Valley forearc basin, California, from seismic and gravity data: Implications for crustal growth at the North American continental margin","docAbstract":"The nature of the Great Valley basement, whether oceanic or continental, has long been a source of controversy. A velocity model (derived from a 200-km-long east-west reflection-refraction profile collected south of the Mendocino triple junction, northern California, in 1993), further constrained by density and magnetic models, reveals an ophiolite underlying the Great Valley (Great Valley ophiolite), which in turn is underlain by a westward extension of lower-density continental crust (Sierran affinity material). We used an integrated modeling philosophy, first modeling the seismic-refraction data to obtain a final velocity model, and then modeling the long-wavelength features of the gravity data to obtain a final density model that is constrained in the upper crust by our velocity model. The crustal section of Great Valley ophiolite is 7-8 km thick, and the Great Valley ophiolite relict oceanic Moho is at 11-16 km depth. The Great Valley ophiolite does not extend west beneath the Coast Ranges, but only as far as the western margin of the Great Valley, where the 5-7-km-thick Great Valley ophiolite mantle section dips west into the present-day mantle. There are 16-18 km of lower-density Sierran affinity material beneath the Great Valley ophiolite mantle section, such that a second, deeper, \"present-day\" continental Moho is at about 34 km depth. At mid-crustal depths, the boundary between the eastern extent of the Great Valley ophiolite and the western extent of Sierran affinity material is a near-vertical velocity and density discontinuity about 80 km east of the western margin of the Great Valley. Our model has important implications for crustal growth at the North American continental margin. We suggest that a thick ophiolite sequence was obducted onto continental material, probably during the Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, so that the Great Valley basement is oceanic crust above oceanic mantle vertically stacked above continental crust and continental mantle.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<1536:OBTTGV>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, N.J., Beaudoin, B.C., Klemperer, S., Levander, A., Luetgert, J., Meltzer, A., Mooney, W.D., and Trehu, A., 1997, Ophiolitic basement to the Great Valley forearc basin, California, from seismic and gravity data: Implications for crustal growth at the North American continental margin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, no. 12, p. 1536-1562, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<1536:OBTTGV>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"1536","endPage":"1562","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":17629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beaudoin","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, S.L.","contributorId":52734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levander, A.","contributorId":91248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levander","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luetgert, J.","contributorId":92807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luetgert","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meltzer, A.","contributorId":55692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meltzer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trehu, A.","contributorId":28372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70020158,"text":"70020158 - 1997 - Thoughts on the birth, evolution, and current state of petroleum geochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-18T08:25:59","indexId":"70020158","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2418,"text":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thoughts on the birth, evolution, and current state of petroleum geochemistry","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-5457.1997.tb00763.x","issn":"01416421","usgsCitation":"Price, L., and McNeil, R., 1997, Thoughts on the birth, evolution, and current state of petroleum geochemistry: Journal of Petroleum Geology, v. 20, no. 1, p. 118-123, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1997.tb00763.x.","startPage":"118","endPage":"123","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269623,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1997.tb00763.x"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2ede4b08c986b325ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, L.C.","contributorId":48575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNeil, R.","contributorId":32698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182027,"text":"70182027 - 1997 - Proximate composition and energy density of some North Pacific forage fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T12:26:16","indexId":"70182027","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1289,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximate composition and energy density of some North Pacific forage fishes","docAbstract":"Mature pelagic forage fish species (capelin, sand lance, squid) had greater lipid concentrations than juvenile age-classes of large demersal and pelagic fish species (walleye pollock, Pacific cod, Atka mackerel, greenling, prowfish, rockfish, sablefish). Myctophids preyed on by puffins have at least twice as much lipid per gram compared to mature capelin, sand lance and squid, and an order of magnitude greater lipid concentrations than juvenile forage fish. Energy density of forage fishes was positively correlated with lipid content, and negatively correlated with water, ash-free lean dry mass (mostly protein), and ash contents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00240-5","usgsCitation":"van Pelt, T.I., Piatt, J.F., Lance, B.K., and Roby, D.D., 1997, Proximate composition and energy density of some North Pacific forage fishes: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, v. 118, no. 4, p. 1393-1398, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9629(97)00240-5.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1398","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57704e4b057081a24ee73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Pelt, Thomas I.","contributorId":13392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Pelt","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lance, Brian K.","contributorId":181743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lance","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008096,"text":"1008096 - 1997 - Rana aurora draytonii (California red-legged frog). Behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:24","indexId":"1008096","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rana aurora draytonii (California red-legged frog). Behavior","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., Scott, N., and Murphey, T., 1997, Rana aurora draytonii (California red-legged frog). Behavior: Herpetological Review, v. 28, p. 85-86.","productDescription":"p. 85-86","startPage":"85","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64968e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphey, T.G.","contributorId":38927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphey","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70182215,"text":"70182215 - 1997 - Echelon approach to areas of concern in synoptic regional monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T12:53:16","indexId":"70182215","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1573,"text":"Environmental and Ecological Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Echelon approach to areas of concern in synoptic regional monitoring","docAbstract":"Echelons provide an objective approach to prospecting for areas of potential concern in synoptic regional monitoring of a surface variable. Echelons can be regarded informally as stacked hill forms. The strategy is to identify regions of the surface which are elevated relative to surroundings (Relative ELEVATIONS or RELEVATIONS). These are areas which would continue to expand as islands with receding (virtual) floodwaters. Levels where islands would merge are critical elevations which delimit echelons in the vertical dimension. Families of echelons consist of surface sectors constituting separate islands for deeper waters that merge as water level declines. Pits which would hold water are disregarded in such a progression, but a complementary analysis of pits is obtained using the surface as a virtual mould to cast a counter-surface (bathymetric analysis). An echelon tree is a family tree of echelons with peaks as terminals and the lowest level as root. An echelon tree thus provides a dendrogram representation of surface topology which enables graph theoretic analysis and comparison of surface structures. Echelon top view maps show echelon cover sectors on the base plane. An echelon table summarizes characteristics of echelons as instances or cases of hill form surface structure. Determination of echelons requires only ordinal strength for the surface variable, and is thus appropriate for environmental indices as well as measurements. Since echelons are inherent in a surface rather than perceptual, they provide a basis for computer-intelligent understanding of surfaces. Echelons are given for broad-scale mammalian species richness in Pennsylvania.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1018518327329","usgsCitation":"Myers, W., Patil, G.P., and Joly, K., 1997, Echelon approach to areas of concern in synoptic regional monitoring: Environmental and Ecological Statistics, v. 4, no. 2, p. 131-152, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018518327329.","productDescription":"22 P.","startPage":"131","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335881,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ad5ff0e4b01ccd54f8b581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, Wayne","contributorId":181920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myers","given":"Wayne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patil, Ganapati P.","contributorId":112564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patil","given":"Ganapati","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Joly, Kyle","contributorId":53117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Joly","given":"Kyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":670016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70181843,"text":"70181843 - 1997 - Winter activity patterns of American martens (Martes americana): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T15:30:29","indexId":"70181843","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter activity patterns of American martens (Martes americana): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization","docAbstract":"Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (Martes americana) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989–1990 and 1990–1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity of 7 martens. A log-linear model suggested that the presence or absence of light was the only factor associated with marten activity patterns (p < 0.001). A regression of the percentage of active fixes on ambient temperature failed to detect an association (b = −4.45, p = 0.084, n = 12). Contents of marten scats suggested that their activity was consistent with the prey-vulnerability hypothesis. While martens must balance multiple life requisites, their activity patterns suggest that they accept increased thermal costs in order to increase foraging efficiency. However, the nocturnal activity of martens during winter was also consistent with the hypothesis that they may be able to limit their own exposure to predation risk. The nocturnal habits of Newfoundland martens in the winter were consistent with the hypothesis of avoidance of predation risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z97-103","usgsCitation":"Drew, G.S., and Bissonette, J.A., 1997, Winter activity patterns of American martens (Martes americana): Rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 812-816, https://doi.org/10.1139/z97-103.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"812","endPage":"816","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","otherGeospatial":"Pine Marten Study Area","volume":"75","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42547e4b0c825128ad4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":668793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bissonette, John A.","contributorId":15503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bissonette","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182194,"text":"70182194 - 1997 - The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:04:09","indexId":"70182194","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots","docAbstract":"The effects on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots from the Vexar® tubes used to protect seedlings from pocket gopher damage were studied in the Targhee National Forest, Idaho and the Deschutes National Forest, Oregon. At each site, Vexar-protected and unprotected seedlings, with and without above-ground gopher damage were examined after six growing seasons for root deformities and growth. Undamaged seedlings exhibited greater growth, reflecting the importance of non-lethal gopher damage as a deterrent to tree growth. Protected seedlings with similar damage history as unprotected seedlings had greater root depth than unprotected seedlings, although unprotected seedlings with no above-ground damage generally had the greatest root weight. In general, the percent of seedlings with root deformities was greater for the unprotected seedlings than for the Vexar-protectd seedlings, although this could be largely due to the greater care required to plant protected seedlings. Acute deformities were more common for unprotected seedlings, whereas root deformities with less severe bending were more common for protected seedlings. The incidence of crossed roots was similar for protected and unprotected seedlings on the Deschutes site, where enough occurrences of this deformity permitted analyses. Protected seedlings were similar in root abundance, root distribution, root size and vigor to the unprotected seedlings, with some indication from the Deshutes study site that root distribution was improved with Vexar protection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00064-6","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Anthony, R.M., Krupa, H.W., and Evans, J., 1997, The effects of Vexar® seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots: Crop Protection, v. 16, no. 1, p. 57-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00064-6.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Targhee National Forest, Deschutes National Forest","volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":54535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evans, James","contributorId":83570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182192,"text":"70182192 - 1997 - Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:05:44","indexId":"70182192","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1347,"text":"Crop Protection","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers","docAbstract":"The effects of vegetation management on northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) activity and damage to lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) seedlings were studied using 2,4-D herbicide to alter the habitat. Treatments were applied to a large (8.1 ha) treatment unit and observed effects were compared with an untreated control unit of the same size. The greatly reduced forb and grass cover on the treated unit was associated with a corresponding decrease in pocket gopher activity that persisted for 6 years after initial treatment. Times until seedlings first incurred gopher damage and overall survival of seedlings were greatly increased on the treated unit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elxevier","doi":"10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00022-7","usgsCitation":"Engeman, R., Barnes, V.G., Anthony, R.M., and Krupa, H.W., 1997, Effect of vegetation management for reducing damage to lodgepole pine seedlings from northern pocket gophers: Crop Protection, v. 16, no. 5, p. 407-410, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00022-7.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"410","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Deschutes National Forest","volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engeman, Richard M.","contributorId":39301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engeman","given":"Richard M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, Victor G. Jr.","contributorId":95113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Victor","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35655,"text":"Kodiak Brown Bear Trust, Westcliffe, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Richard M.","contributorId":181903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krupa, Heather W.","contributorId":181901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krupa","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12749,"text":"USDA APHIS National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180257,"text":"70180257 - 1997 - Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T12:40:56","indexId":"70180257","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Schrock, R., Beeman, J., Haner, P., Hans, K., Hotchkiss, J., Sauter, S., Vanderkooi, S., and Maule, A., 1997, Assessment of smolt condition for travel time analysis. Draft summary report 1987-1997, 69 p. .","productDescription":"69 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1978e4b0ad67323f980a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hans, K.","contributorId":178742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hans","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hotchkiss, J.","contributorId":178743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotchkiss","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sauter, S.","contributorId":178496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sauter","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vanderkooi, S.","contributorId":178744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanderkooi","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":660964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70182198,"text":"70182198 - 1997 - Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:32:08","indexId":"70182198","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles","docAbstract":"We apply stage projection matrices to multiple age and reproductive categories, deriving the stable age - reproductive category distribution for populations with multi-year reproductive cycles and identifying conditions for the existence of a dominant latent root. Given the stable distribution of age and reproductive category and the number of female young for each reproductive category, the age specific fecundity rates can be calculated. For species with multi-year reproductive cycles, the fecundity rate associated with the stable age distribution is often not a smooth function of age, but fluctuates as a larger or smaller fraction of females becomes available to breed. We suggest that fecundity rates for species with multi-year reproductive cycles be defined in terms of litter size and probabilities of conception and successful gestation rather than average fecundity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00073-7","usgsCitation":"Gilbert, J.R., and Udevitz, M.S., 1997, Adaptation of a stage-projection model for species with multiple year reproductive cycles: Ecological Modelling, v. 97, no. 1-2, p. 47-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00073-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d618","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001742,"text":"1001742 - 1997 - A spectrum analysis of wave activities and blocking in the Northern Hemisphere winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:57:39","indexId":"1001742","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":929,"text":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A spectrum analysis of wave activities and blocking in the Northern Hemisphere winter","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Min, W., and Kung, E., 1997, A spectrum analysis of wave activities and blocking in the Northern Hemisphere winter: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, v. 8, p. 69-74.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"74","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6331","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Min, W.","contributorId":25517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kung, E.C.","contributorId":85117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kung","given":"E.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001718,"text":"1001718 - 1997 - On the uniqueness of the singular value decomposition in meterological applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:12","indexId":"1001718","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the uniqueness of the singular value decomposition in meterological applications","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hu, Q., 1997, On the uniqueness of the singular value decomposition in meterological applications: Journal of Climate, v. 10, p. 1762-1766.","productDescription":"p. 1762-1766","startPage":"1762","endPage":"1766","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hu, Q.","contributorId":91439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014746,"text":"1014746 - 1997 - New acid mine drainage treatment technology shows promise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:11","indexId":"1014746","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3579,"text":"The Pine Creek Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New acid mine drainage treatment technology shows promise","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Pine Creek Observer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"97-027/NF","usgsCitation":"Cole, M., Arnold, D., Ross, R., and Watten, B., 1997, New acid mine drainage treatment technology shows promise: The Pine Creek Observer, v. April.","productDescription":"p. 3, 5","startPage":"3, 5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"April","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, M.","contributorId":100784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arnold, D.","contributorId":76683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, R.","contributorId":8410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watten, B. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":83472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":85334,"text":"85334 - 1997 - Effects of fire on bird populations in mixed-grass prairie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-16T14:21:28.07872","indexId":"85334","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Effects of fire on bird populations in mixed-grass prairie","docAbstract":"The mixed-grass prairie is one of the largest ecosystems in North America, originally covering about 69 million ha (Bragg and Steuter 1995). Although much of the natural vegetation has been replaced by cropland and other uses (Samson and Knopf 1994, Bragg and Steuter 1995), significant areas have been preserved in national wildlife refuges, waterfowl production areas, state game management areas, and nature preserves. Mixed-grass prairie evolved with fire (Bragg 1995), and fire is frequently used as a management tool for prairie (Berkey et al. 1993).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of Great Plains vertebrates","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4757-2703-6_8","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1997, Effects of fire on bird populations in mixed-grass prairie, chap. 8 of Ecology and conservation of Great Plains vertebrates, p. 181-206, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2703-6_8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5a8f","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Knopf, F.L.","contributorId":26998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knopf","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504403,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samson, F. B.","contributorId":77880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":295923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81575,"text":"81575 - 1997 - The value of small preserves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:00","indexId":"81575","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The value of small preserves","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chapman and Hall","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, M., and van Mantgem, P., 1997, The value of small preserves, chap. of Conservation in Highly Fragmented Landscapes.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f1c3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schwartz, M.W.","contributorId":68246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, M.W.","contributorId":68246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Mantgem, P.","contributorId":99066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Mantgem","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014883,"text":"1014883 - 1997 - Contaminant exposure, biochemical, and histopathological biomarkers in white suckers from contaminated and reference sites in the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:17:39.235276","indexId":"1014883","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant exposure, biochemical, and histopathological biomarkers in white suckers from contaminated and reference sites in the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Fish populations of the lower Sheboygan River, located in east-central Wisconsin, are considered impaired under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between the United States and Canada. Pollutants in the Sheboygan River system include: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals. This study compared general health and biochemical parameters, histology of selected organs, and contaminant residues and metabolites in a population of white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) from a contaminated reach of the Sheboygan River and an upstream reference site. Fish from the contaminated site had significantly lower hematocrits, significantly induced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity as a measurement of hepatic mixed-function oxygenase activity, higher biliary metabolites of PAHs, and higher tissue concentrations of PCBs and p,p’-DDE relative to an upstream reference population. Analysis of covariance suggests that both PCB and PAH exposure may be influencing EROD activities. Fish from the contaminated site featured more basophilic clusters and developing nephrons in kidney tissue suggesting the presence of a nephro-toxicant. Also, more fish exhibited hepatic lesions including diffuse cellular vacuolation, multifocal coagulative necrosis, bile ductal hyperplasia, and foci of cellular alteration which may be biomarkers for contaminant impacts. This study demonstrates that white suckers residing in the lower reaches of the Sheboygan River absorbed significant amounts of PAHs and PCBs and also exhibited hematological, biochemical and histological alterations some of which suggest impaired fish condition.
At two sites in southwestern Oregon, height, diameter, and crown width of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and sprout-origin tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) were measured 1–11 years after reducing the density of a 2-year-old tanoak stand to 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of its initial cover. Some plots also included suppression of understory vegetation. Tanoak cover developed linearly with time, with steepness of the growth trajectory increasing at a diminishing rate with increasing percentage of initial tanoak cover. Fifth-year cover of understory vegetation declined linearly with increasing percentage of initial tanoak cover (R2 = 0.29). Survival of Douglas-fir (96–100%) differed little among initial abundances of tanoak, while growth trajectories for its size became increasingly exponential with decreasing percentage of initial tanoak cover. Eleventh-year heights of Douglas-fir were similar for 0%, 25%, and 50% of initial tanoak cover; however, diameter increased linearly with decreasing percentage of initial tanoak cover (R2 = 0.73), and the slope of the relationship steepened with understory suppression. Our results indicate that young stands exhibiting a wide range of stand compositions and productivities can be established by early manipulations of tanoak and understory abundance. Complete removal of tanoak plus understory suppression are necessary to maximize Douglas-fir growth, while productive, mixed stands can be achieved by removing 50% or more of tanoak cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00049-2","usgsCitation":"Harrington, T., and Tappeiner, J.C., 1997, Growth responses of young Douglas-fir and tanoak 11 years after various levels of hardwood removal and understory suppression in southwestern Oregon, USA: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 96, no. 1-2, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00049-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af8e4b07f02db6942d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, T.B.","contributorId":66652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tappeiner, John C. II","contributorId":48929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"John","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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,{"id":1001107,"text":"1001107 - 1997 - North Dakota bird life: tracking changes over a quarter century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:56:05","indexId":"1001107","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2891,"text":"North Dakota Outdoors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"North Dakota bird life: tracking changes over a quarter century","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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