{"pageNumber":"3678","pageRowStart":"91925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185278,"records":[{"id":70019945,"text":"70019945 - 1997 - Inverse models: A necessary next step in ground-water modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-08T01:09:08.216874","indexId":"70019945","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inverse models: A necessary next step in ground-water modeling","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Inverse models using, for example, nonlinear least-squares regression, provide capabilities that help modelers take full advantage of the insight available from ground-water models. However, lack of information about the requirements and benefits of inverse models is an obstacle to their widespread use. This paper presents a simple ground-water flow problem to illustrate the requirements and benefits of the nonlinear least-squares regression method of inverse modeling and discusses how these attributes apply to field problems. The benefits of inverse modeling include: (1) expedited determination of best fit parameter values; (2) quantification of the (a) quality of calibration, (b) data shortcomings and needs, and (c) confidence limits on parameter estimates and predictions; and (3) identification of issues that are easily overlooked during nonautomated calibration.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00082.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Poeter, E.P., and Hill, M.C., 1997, Inverse models: A necessary next step in ground-water modeling: Groundwater, v. 35, no. 2, p. 250-260, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00082.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3e4fe4b0c8380cd63c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poeter, E. P.","contributorId":63851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poeter","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019814,"text":"70019814 - 1997 - Multiphase groundwater flow near cooling plutons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T15:52:36.941352","indexId":"70019814","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiphase groundwater flow near cooling plutons","docAbstract":"<p><span>We investigate groundwater flow near cooling plutons with a computer program that can model multiphase flow, temperatures up to 1200°C, thermal pressurization, and temperature‐dependent rock properties. A series of experiments examines the effects of host‐rock permeability, size and depth of pluton emplacement, single versus multiple intrusions, the influence of a caprock, and the impact of topographically driven groundwater flow. We also reproduce and evaluate some of the pioneering numerical experiments on flow around plutons. Host‐rock permeability is the principal factor influencing fluid circulation and heat transfer in hydrothermal systems. The hottest and most steam‐rich systems develop where permeability is of the order of 10</span><sup>−15</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Temperatures and life spans of systems decrease with increasing permeability. Conduction‐dominated systems, in which permeabilities are ≤10</span><sup>−16</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, persist longer but exhibit relatively modest increases in near‐surface temperatures relative to ambient conditions. Pluton size, emplacement depth, and initial thermal conditions have less influence on hydrothermal circulation patterns but affect the extent of boiling and duration of hydrothermal systems. Topographically driven groundwater flow can significantly alter hydrothermal circulation; however, a low‐permeability caprock effectively decouples the topographically and density‐driven systems and stabilizes the mixing interface between them thereby defining a likely ore‐forming environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97JB00552","usgsCitation":"Hayba, D.O., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 1997, Multiphase groundwater flow near cooling plutons: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 102, no. 6, p. 12235-12252, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JB00552.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"12235","endPage":"12252","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97jb00552","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"102","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6059e4b0c8380cd713ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayba, Daniel O. 0000-0003-4092-1894 dhayba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"Daniel","email":"dhayba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":383995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":383994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019936,"text":"70019936 - 1997 - Matrix-enhanced degradation of p,p'-DDT during gas chromatographic analysis: A consideration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T15:57:28.43609","indexId":"70019936","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Matrix-enhanced degradation of p,p'-DDT during gas chromatographic analysis: A consideration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDT in environmental samples requires monitoring the GC-derived breakdown of this insecticide, which produces&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDD and/or&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDE, both also primary environmental degradation products. A performance evaluation standard (PES) containing&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDT but not</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDD or&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDE can be injected at regular intervals throughout an analytical sequence to monitor GC degradation. Some U.S. EPA methods limit GC breakdown of DDT in the PES to &le;20%. GC/MS analysis of large-volume natural water samples fortified with deuterium- and&nbsp;</span><span>13</span><span>C-labeled&nbsp;</span><i>p,p</i><span>&lsquo;-DDT exhibited up to 65% DDT breakdown by the GC inlet. These matrix-enhanced GC degradation amounts substantially exceeded the &lt;20% breakdown levels indicated by bracketing injections of the PES containing unlabeled and labeled DDT. Substantial matrix-enhanced GC degradation was not observed during analysis of a limited number of fractionated bed-sediment extracts containing labeled DDT. Use of isotopically labeled DDT seems to provide an effective tool for monitoring sample-specific DDT breakdown during GC/MS analysis. However, analyte co-elutions render impractical their use in GC/ECD analysis. The oc currence of matrix-enhanced GC degradation might have important implications on data quality and the resultant interpretations of the environmental degradation of DDT and other thermolabile contaminants.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es960671q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Foreman, W., and Gates, P.M., 1997, Matrix-enhanced degradation of p,p'-DDT during gas chromatographic analysis: A consideration: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 905-910, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960671q.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"905","endPage":"910","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206021,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960671q"},{"id":227899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5291e4b0c8380cd6c4f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foreman, W.T.","contributorId":94684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019885,"text":"70019885 - 1997 - Variation in thermal tolerance and routine metabolism among spring- and stream dwelling freshwater sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:38:47.86717","indexId":"70019885","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variation in thermal tolerance and routine metabolism among spring- and stream dwelling freshwater sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evolutionary theory predicts that some aquatic organisms may adapt by directional selection to limiting physical environmental conditions, yet empirical data are conflicting. We sought to test the assumption that sculpins (family Cottidae) inhabiting thermally stable springs of the southeastern United States differ in temperature tolerance and metabolism from populations inhabiting more thermally labile stream habitats. Spring populations of pygmy sculpins (</span><i>Cottus pygmaeus</i><span>) and Ozark sculpins (</span><i>C. hypselurus</i><span>) differed interspecifically in thermal tolerance from populations of stream-dwelling mottled (</span><i>C. bairdi</i><span>) and Tallapoosa sculpins (</span><i>C. tallapoosae</i><span>), and both stream and spring populations of banded sculpins (</span><i>C. carolinae</i><span>). No intra- or interspecific differences in thermal tolerance were found among populations of&nbsp;</span><i>C. bairdi, C. talla poosae</i><span>, or&nbsp;</span><i>C. carolinae</i><span>.&nbsp;</span><i>Cottus pygmaeus</i><span>&nbsp;acclimated to 15°C differed intraspecifically in routine metabolism from fish acclimated to 20° and 25°C.&nbsp;</span><i>Cottus pygmaeus</i><span>&nbsp;and stream-dwelling&nbsp;</span><i>C. bairdi</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>C. carolinae</i><span>&nbsp;acclimated to temperatures of 20° and 25°C showed no interspecific differences in routine metabolism. Our results suggest that some spring-adapted populations or species may be more stenothermal than stream-dwelling congeners, but a greater understanding of the interactions of other physical and biological factors is required to better explain micro- and macro habitat distributions of eastern North American sculpins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.1997.tb00148.x","usgsCitation":"Walsh, S., Haney, D.C., and Timmerman, C.M., 1997, Variation in thermal tolerance and routine metabolism among spring- and stream dwelling freshwater sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the southeastern United States: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 6, no. 2, p. 84-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1997.tb00148.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227732,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc16ae4b08c986b32a56e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, S. J. 0000-0002-1009-8537","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-8537","contributorId":62171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, D. C.","contributorId":97854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Timmerman, C. M.","contributorId":98898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timmerman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019808,"text":"70019808 - 1997 - Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part I: Three-dimensional strains and rotations recorded on a seismic array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T13:42:39.511417","indexId":"70019808","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part I: Three-dimensional strains and rotations recorded on a seismic array","docAbstract":"<div id=\"136116140\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>We study the spatial variation in earthquake ground motions, or equivalently the dynamic displacement gradient field, using a novel analysis procedure borrowed from geodesy. Seismic data recorded in the Valley of Mexico by a microarray of three three-component surface accelerographs and two three-component accelerographs at depths of 30 m and 102 m constrain our estimates of the dynamic displacement gradient field (from which strains and rotations derive) for four moderate earthquakes at distances of 250 to 300 km. Our study focuses on the effects of low-velocity surface materials on the deformation. At the surface, the gradients corresponding to deformation across vertical planes dominate, and vertical-axis rotations are of similar magnitudes as strains. The greatest peak surface gradient we observed was 206<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i>strain for the 14 September 1995<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>W</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>7.5 earthquake at a distance of ∼300 km. However, much larger gradients occur across horizontal planes (<i>∂u/∂z</i>, where<span>&nbsp;</span><i>u</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is a horizontal displacement and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><span>&nbsp;</span>is depth) at some depth between 0 and 30 m. These values are about a factor 10 greater than the corresponding gradient components at the surface.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>∂u/∂z</i><span>&nbsp;</span>for the 14 September earthquake equaled or exceeded 665<span>&nbsp;</span><i>μ</i>strain at depth. The dynamic deformations experienced in Mexico City undoubtedly have occurred before and will occur again in other densely populated areas. However, in many other regions, the sediment response will not remain linear and elastic, resulting instead in liquefaction and ground failure.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0870030528","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bodin, P., Gomberg, J., Singh, S., and Santoyo, M., 1997, Dynamic deformations of shallow sediments in the Valley of Mexico, Part I: Three-dimensional strains and rotations recorded on a seismic array: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 87, no. 3, p. 528-539, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0870030528.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"528","endPage":"539","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Valley of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              22.056586804438297\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90919510317728,\n              22.056586804438297\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.90919510317728,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.73585525942752,\n              16.184568824110528\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"87","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0424e4b0c8380cd507ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodin, P.","contributorId":29554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gomberg, J.","contributorId":95994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singh, S.K.","contributorId":104234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santoyo, M.","contributorId":33073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santoyo","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":383973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019894,"text":"70019894 - 1997 - Mixed-mode sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to sell: A mechanism for bound residue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:54:44","indexId":"70019894","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mixed-mode sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to sell: A mechanism for bound residue","docAbstract":"This study tested the hypothesis that sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products (HADPs: hydroxyatrazine, HA; deethylhydroxyatrazine, DEHA; and deisopropylhydroxyatrazine, DIHA) to soils occurs by mixed-mode binding resulting from two simultaneous mechanisms: (1) cation exchange and (2) hydrophobic interaction. The objective was to use liquid chromatography and soil extraction experiments to show that mixed-mode binding is the mechanism controlling HADP sorption to soils and is also a mechanism for bound residue. Overall, HADP binding to solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents occurred in the order: cation exchange >> octadecyl (C18) >> cyanopropyl. Binding to cation exchange SPE and to a high-performance liquid chromatograph octyl (C8) column showed evidence for mixed-mode binding. Comparison of soil extracted by 0.5 M KH2P04, pH 7.5, or 25% aqueous CH3CN showed that, for HA and DIHA, cation exchange was a more important binding mechanism to soils than hydrophobic interaction. Based on differences between several extractants, the extent of HADP mixed-mode binding to soil occurred in the following order: HA > DIHA > DEHA. Mixed-mode extraction recovered 42.8% of bound atrazine residues from aged soil, and 88% of this fraction was identified as HADPs. Thus, a significant portion of bound atrazine residues in soils is sorbed by the mixed-mode binding mechanisms.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960811w","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Lerch, R., Thurman, E., and Kruger, E., 1997, Mixed-mode sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to sell: A mechanism for bound residue: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1539-1546, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960811w.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206009,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960811w"},{"id":227852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b82e4b0c8380cd6f5da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerch, R.N.","contributorId":88504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kruger, E.L.","contributorId":61586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruger","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1015856,"text":"1015856 - 1997 - Methods for evaluating crown area profiles of forest stands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:46","indexId":"1015856","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for evaluating crown area profiles of forest stands","docAbstract":"Canopy architectures of five structurally complex forest stands and three structurally simple forest stands in southwest Oregon and the Willamette Valley, Oregon, were evaluated and quantified through crown area profiles. Mixed conifer and mixed conifer hardwood stands across a range of sites were sampled for crown widths and heights. Crown width and shape equations were derived and used to quantify the stand crown area at incremental heights above the forest floor. Crown area profiles describe the spatial arrangement of aboveground forest vegetation and the total pore spaces between crowns. Plot by plot profiles were combined to produce vertical and horizontal displays of the stand crown area distribution. In complex stands, the forest space was moderately occupied by crowns from the forest floor up to heights over 30 m,\r\nproducing uniform distributions of between-crown porosity. The structurally complex stands had between-crown porosity values of 70% to 90% for more than 23 vertical metres of canopy, and they had total between-crown porosities of 86% to 91%. The structurally simple stands had between-crown porosity values of 70% to 90% for less than 8 vertical metres of canopy, and they had total between-crown porosities of 69% to 85%. Variances in crown area indicate that variation in horizontal crown area (within heights) was larger in complex stands than in simple stands, but vertical crown areas (between heights) varied less in complex stands. The study provides a basis for discriminating between canopy architectures and for quantifying the porosity of forest canopies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dubrasich, M.E., Hann, D., and Tappeiner, J.C., 1997, Methods for evaluating crown area profiles of forest stands: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 385-392.","productDescription":"p. 385-392","startPage":"385","endPage":"392","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b87f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dubrasich, Michael E.","contributorId":76702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrasich","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hann, D.W.","contributorId":106451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hann","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappeiner, J. C. II","contributorId":103235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tappeiner","given":"J.","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187676,"text":"70187676 - 1997 - Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T13:44:47","indexId":"70187676","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Before radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data can be done accurately, it is necessary to minimize the effects of artifacts present in the data that originate in the instrument's signal processing path. These artifacts have been observed in downlinked image data since shortly after launch of Landsat 4 and 5. However, no comprehensive work has been done to characterize all the artifacts and develop methods for their correction. In this paper, the most problematic artifact is discussed: memory effect (ME). Characterization of this artifact is presented, including the parameters necessary for its correction. In addition, a correction algorithm is described that removes the artifact from TM imagery. It will be shown that this artifact causes significant radiometry errors, but the effect can be removed in a straightforward manner.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07038992.1997.10855215","usgsCitation":"Helder, D., Boncyk, W., and Morfitt, R., 1997, Landsat TM memory effect characterization and correction: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 23, no. 4, p. 299-308, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1997.10855215.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"308","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bde4b044b359e486c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helder, D. 0000-0002-7379-4679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-4679","contributorId":15490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helder","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boncyk, W.","contributorId":59190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boncyk","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morfitt, R. 0000-0002-4777-4877","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":103858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70178173,"text":"70178173 - 1997 - Comment on “Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and <i>Mytilus edulis</i> in New Bedford Harbor”","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:39:21","indexId":"70178173","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and <i>Mytilus edulis</i> in New Bedford Harbor”","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es9704287","usgsCitation":"Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Lebo, J.A., and Orazio, C.E., 1997, Comment on “Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs by semipermeable membrane devices and <i>Mytilus edulis</i> in New Bedford Harbor”: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3732-3733, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9704287.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3732","endPage":"3733","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330766,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lebo, Jon A.","contributorId":176696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebo","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70164300,"text":"70164300 - 1997 - Histological analysis of gonad development in zebra mussels (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) from the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T08:56:29","indexId":"70164300","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Histological analysis of gonad development in zebra mussels (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) from the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys","conferenceDate":"February 28 - March 1, 1997","conferenceLocation":"Dover, TN","language":"English","publisher":"Austin Peay State University","publisherLocation":"Proceedings of the seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys","usgsCitation":"Brinkley, K.J., Sickel, J., Duobinis-Gray, L., and Herod, J., 1997, Histological analysis of gonad development in zebra mussels (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) from the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers, Seventh symposium on the natural history of Lower Tennessee and Cumberland River Valleys, Dover, TN, February 28 - March 1, 1997, p. 67-73.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316348,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fdce4b010e2af2a5db0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Scott, A.F.","contributorId":20284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596886,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamilton, Steven W.","contributorId":111955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596887,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chester, E. W.","contributorId":156222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chester","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596888,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, D. S.","contributorId":156223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596889,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Brinkley, K. J.","contributorId":156218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brinkley","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickel, J.","contributorId":156219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sickel","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duobinis-Gray, L.","contributorId":156220,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duobinis-Gray","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herod, J.","contributorId":156221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herod","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":596885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162656,"text":"70162656 - 1997 - Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-28T13:46:15","indexId":"70162656","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2179,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many wetlands undergo seasonal cycles in precipitation and water depth.This environmental seasonality is echoed in patterns of production of fishbiomass, which, in turn, influence the phenology of other components of thefood web, including wading birds. Human activities, such as drainage orother alterations of the hydrology, can exacerbate these natural cycles andresult in detrimental stresses on fish production and the higher trophic levels dependent on this production. In this paper we model theseasonal pattern of fish production in a freshwater marsh, with specialreference to the Everglades/Big Cypress region of southern Florida.The model illustrates the temporal pattern of production through theyear, which can result in very high densities of fish at the end of ahydroperiod (period of flooding), aswell as the importance of ponds and other deep depressions, both as refugia and sinks during dry periods. The model predicts that: (1) there is an effective threshold in the length of the hydroperiod that must beexceeded for high fish-population densities to be produced, (2) large,piscivorous fishes do not appear tohave a major impact on smaller fishes in the marsh habitat, and (3) therecovery of small-fish populations in the marsh following a major droughtmay require up to a year. The last of these results is relevant toassessing anthropogenic impacts on marsh production, as these effectsmay increase the severity and frequency of droughts.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1008228706210","usgsCitation":"DeAngelis, D., Loftus, W., Trexler, J.C., and Ulanowicz, R.E., 1997, Modeling fish dynamics and effects of stress in a hydrologically pulsed ecosystem: Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery, v. 6, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008228706210.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ab49cde4b07ca61bfea58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":2860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, William F.","contributorId":48628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, Joel C.","contributorId":36267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trexler","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":590081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ulanowicz, Robert E.","contributorId":34879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulanowicz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020086,"text":"70020086 - 1997 - Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:31:41","indexId":"70020086","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p><span>Data from a string of instrumented wells located on an upland of 55 m width between two wetlands in central North Dakota, USA, indicated frequent changes in water-table configuration following wet and dry periods during 5 years of investigation. A seasonal wetland is situated about 1.5 m higher than a nearby semipermanent wetland, suggesting an average ground water-table gradient of 0.02. However, water had the potential to flow as ground water from the upper to the lower wetland during only a few instances. A water-table trough adjacent to the lower semipermanent wetland was the most common water-table configuration during the first 4 years of the study, but it is likely that severe drought during those years contributed to the longevity and extent of the water-table trough. Water-table mounds that formed in response to rainfall events caused reversals of direction of flow that frequently modified the more dominant water-table trough during the severe drought. Rapid and large water-table rise to near land surface in response to intense rainfall was aided by the thick capillary fringe. One of the wettest summers on record ended the severe drought during the last year of the study, and caused a larger-scale water-table mound to form between the two wetlands. The mound was short in duration because it was overwhelmed by rising stage of the higher seasonal wetland which spilled into the lower wetland. Evapotranspiration was responsible for generating the water-table trough that formed between the two wetlands. Estimation of evapotranspiration based on diurnal fluctuations in wells yielded rates that averaged 3–5 mm day</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. On many occasions water levels in wells closer to the semipermanent wetland indicated a direction of flow that was different from the direction indicated by water levels in wells farther from the wetland. Misinterpretation of direction and magnitude of gradients between ground water and wetlands could result from poorly placed or too few observation wells, and also from infrequent measurement of water levels in wells.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03050-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D.O., and Winter, T.C., 1997, Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota: Journal of Hydrology, v. 191, no. 1-4, p. 266-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03050-8.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"266","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205992,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03050-8"}],"volume":"191","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a043be4b0c8380cd5087a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019862,"text":"70019862 - 1997 - Inhibition of methane oxidation by Methylococcus capsulatus with hydrochlorofluorocarbons and fluorinated methanes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T21:51:23.172452","indexId":"70019862","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Inhibition of methane oxidation by <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> with hydrochlorofluorocarbons and fluorinated methanes","title":"Inhibition of methane oxidation by Methylococcus capsulatus with hydrochlorofluorocarbons and fluorinated methanes","docAbstract":"<p>The inhibition of methane oxidation by cell suspensions of <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath) exposed to hydrochlorofluorocarbon 21 (HCFC-21; difluorochloromethane [CHF<sub>2</sub>Cl]), HCFC-22 (fluorodichloromethane [CHFCl<sub>2</sub>]), and various fluorinated methanes was investigated. HCFC-21 inhibited methane oxidation to a greater extent than HCFC-22, for both the particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases. Among the fluorinated methanes, both methyl fluoride (CH<sub>3</sub>F) and difluoromethane (CH<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) were inhibitory while fluoroform (CHF<sub>3</sub>) and carbon tetrafluoride (CF<sub>4</sub>) were not. The inhibition of methane oxidation by HCFC-21 and HCFC-22 was irreversible, while that by methyl fluoride was reversible. The HCFCs also proved inhibitory to methanol dehydrogenase, which suggests that they disrupt other aspects of C1 catabolism in addition to methane monooxygenase activity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.63.7.2952-2956.1997","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Matheson, L., Jahnke, L., and Oremland, R., 1997, Inhibition of methane oxidation by Methylococcus capsulatus with hydrochlorofluorocarbons and fluorinated methanes: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 63, no. 7, p. 2952-2956, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.7.2952-2956.1997.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2952","endPage":"2956","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489712,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.7.2952-2956.1997","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bd9e4b0c8380cd62893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matheson, L.J.","contributorId":21567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matheson","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahnke, L.L.","contributorId":57321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019997,"text":"70019997 - 1997 - Seasonal migration of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T11:16:55","indexId":"70019997","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal migration of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>The movements of 67 Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi equipped with radio transmitters were monitored in the Suwannee River, Florida, from March 1989 through August 1992. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the seasonal movement patterns and distribution of Gulf sturgeon while in freshwater, (2) to document relationships between water temperature and Gulf sturgeon movement, and (3) to determine whether springs were used as thermal refugia by these fish. Gulf sturgeon were detected entering the river from mid-February through April; they moved upstream at an average speed of 3.5 km/d to areas where they remained until October or November. Gulf sturgeon moved no more than 0,6 river km (on average) upstream or downstream from their established summer area. Gulf sturgeon began leaving the Suwannee River from mid-September through early November and moved downstream at an average speed of 6.2 km/d; all fish returned to the Gulf of Mexico by early December. Water temperatures associated with spring and fall migrations averaged 22.1 ??C (range, 16.0-28.0??C) and 21.3??C (range, 16.9-26.8??C), respectively. Gulf sturgeon were frequently close to springs throughout the warmest period, but none were located within a spring or the thermal plume emanating from a spring.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0302:SMOGSI>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00028487","usgsCitation":"Foster, A., and Clugston, J.P., 1997, Seasonal migration of Gulf sturgeon in the Suwannee River, Florida: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 126, no. 2, p. 302-308, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0302:SMOGSI>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"302","endPage":"308","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88b8e4b08c986b316b21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foster, A.M.","contributorId":10385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clugston, James P.","contributorId":11156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":384641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019852,"text":"70019852 - 1997 - Regional delineation of North America for the assessment of freshwater ecosystems and climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T23:05:15.699961","indexId":"70019852","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional delineation of North America for the assessment of freshwater ecosystems and climate change","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<819::AID-HYP508>3.0.CO;2-8","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., Turner, K.L., D’Agnese, F.A., and McKnight, D., 1997, Regional delineation of North America for the assessment of freshwater ecosystems and climate change: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, no. 8, p. 819-824, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19970630)11:8<819::AID-HYP508>3.0.CO;2-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"819","endPage":"824","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227895,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a4bae4b0e8fec6cdbc30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.H.","contributorId":93895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Katie L.","contributorId":63552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Katie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020084,"text":"70020084 - 1997 - A diatom record of climate and hydrology for the past 200 KA from Owens Lake, California with comparison to other Breat Basin records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020084","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A diatom record of climate and hydrology for the past 200 KA from Owens Lake, California with comparison to other Breat Basin records","docAbstract":"Diatoms from lake sediments beneath Owens Lake playa, Inyo County, California, document a nearly continuous paleolimnological record of climate and hydrologic change since the penultimate glacial-interglacial cycle based on a chronology established by radiocarbon, tephrochronology, and paleomagnetic control. Freshwater planktic diatoms (especially species of Stephanodiscus), plagioclase feldspar-rich sediments with high magnetic susceptibility, and Juniperus-type pollen characterized the penultimate glaciation at Owens Lake. Saline diatoms dominated in the following interglacial period, and there are several episodes during which freshwater planktic diatoms became abundant between 100 and 50 ka that may represent interstadial climatic conditions. Saline diatoms fell to low values after 50 ka, but warm-season Aulacoseira species indicate episodes of significant summer precipitation in the hydrologic balance of Owens Lake prior to the last glacial maximum. By 25 ka, glacial environments were again characterized by abundant Juniperus, plagioclase feldspar, and Stephanodiscus species. Generally and Holocene climates were recorded in Owens Lake by short-term fluctuations of saline and freshwater diatoms, desiccation, and oolitic sediments barren of diatoms. Comparison to paleoclimate records both north and south of Owens Lake suggest a southerly displacement of storm tracks originating from the Aleutian Low during glacial episodes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00054-6","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Bradbury, J., 1997, A diatom record of climate and hydrology for the past 200 KA from Owens Lake, California with comparison to other Breat Basin records: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 16, no. 2, p. 203-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00054-6.","startPage":"203","endPage":"219","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205981,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00054-6"},{"id":227749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3b4e4b0c8380cd461b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019854,"text":"70019854 - 1997 - Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:56:45.311782","indexId":"70019854","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River","docAbstract":"<p><span>A mass balance model was developed and applied to the Sacramento River in northern California during the July 1991 Sacramento River metam-sodium spill. The transport and reactions of metam-sodium, a soil fumigant, and the volatile and toxic methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) were simulated during the two-and-a-half days of movement along a 68-km stretch of river. Results from modeling were compared with field data for MITC, which is the only product measured downriver after the spill. Agreement between the simulated and measured values of MITC concentrations were found at Doney Creek (65.9 km downstream). Results illuminated the complexities and unique characteristics associated with the multiple kinetic processes of the chemical plume in the river. In particular, the photolysis of metam-sodium followed zero-order kinetics for high concentrations and first-order kinetics for low concentrations, a unique phenomenon consistent with the finding reported in a laboratory study. Concentrations of metam-sodium for transition from zeroto first-order, obtained by calibration and model sensitivity analyses, were in the same range as those in the reported laboratory results.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(704)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Wang, P., Mill, T., Martin, J., and Wool, T., 1997, Fate and transport of metam spill in Sacramento River: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 123, no. 7, p. 704-712, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(704).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"712","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227939,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f0ae4b0c8380cd53728","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mill, T.","contributorId":100133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mill","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, J.L.","contributorId":71328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wool, T.A.","contributorId":75289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wool","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019996,"text":"70019996 - 1997 - Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-08T16:47:34","indexId":"70019996","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div id=\"abstractBox\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The effect of tributary inflows on metal concentrations in &lt;63-μm sediments and benthic insects was examined on two scales (380 km and &lt;2 km) in a river impacted by mining. A dilution−mixing model effectively described large-scale dispersion of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the sediments of the river. Input of metal from contaminated flood plains may introduce additional contamination in the middle reaches of the river. Intensive sampling around the confluences of two tributaries showed that there were significant, localized decreases in some metal concentrations immediately downstream of the inflows. Sediment metal concentrations 1 km below the inflows returned to values within the range predicted by the dilution−mixing model. Metal concentrations in benthic insects exhibited spatial patterns similar to those of the sediments, indicating that biological exposures to metals are at least partially dependent on the physical processes controlling the dispersion of sediment-bound metals. Tributary inflows introduce variability in metal contamination on different spatial scales that must be considered when assessing ecological risks in contaminated rivers. In addition to large-scale dilution of contaminants, smaller areas of reduced metal exposure occur near tributary inflows. These may shelter metal-sensitive taxa from severe metal contamination in the mainstem.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960417y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Axtmann, E., Cain, D., and Luoma, S., 1997, Effect of tributary inflows on the distribution of trace metals in fine- grained bed sediments and benthic insects of the Clark Fork River, Montana: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 750-758, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960417y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"750","endPage":"758","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206091,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960417y"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0629e4b0c8380cd5111f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Axtmann, E.V.","contributorId":30652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Axtmann","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019994,"text":"70019994 - 1997 - Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T15:57:31.152428","indexId":"70019994","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Time-series animation is a visually intuitive way to display urban growth. Animations of landuse change for the Baltimore-Washington region were generated by showing a series of images one after the other in sequential order. Before creating an animation, various issues which will affect the appearance of the animation should be considered, including the number of original data frames to use, the optimal animation display speed, the number of intermediate frames to create between the known frames, and the output media on which the animations will be displayed. To create new frames between the known years of data, the change in each theme (i.e. urban development, water bodies, transportation routes) must be characterized and an algorithm developed to create the in-between frames.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Example time-series animations were created using a temporal GIS database of the Baltimore-Washington area. Creating the animations involved generating raster images of the urban development, water bodies, and principal transportation routes; overlaying the raster images on a background image; and importing the frames to a movie file. Three-dimensional perspective animations were created by draping each image over digital elevation data prior to importing the frames to a movie file.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00006-X","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Acevedo, W., and Masuoka, P., 1997, Time-series animation techniques for visualizing urban growth: Computers & Geosciences, v. 23, no. 4, p. 423-435, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00006-X.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3d7e4b08c986b326002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Masuoka, P.","contributorId":7586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masuoka","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020083,"text":"70020083 - 1997 - Late quaternary temporal and event classifications, Great Lakes region, North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T13:33:06","indexId":"70020083","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late quaternary temporal and event classifications, Great Lakes region, North America","docAbstract":"Several temporal and event classifications are used for the Quaternary glacial and interglacial record in the Great Lakes region of North America. Although based on contrasting principles, the classifications, as practiced, are similar to one another in most respects and they differ little from the classification proposed by Chamberlin a century ago. All are based on stratigraphic units having time-transgressive boundaries; thus the associated time spans and events are diachronous. Where application of geochronologic classification based on isochronous boundaries is not practical or useful, we advocate the use of diachronic principles to establish local and regional temporal and event classifications. Diachronic and event classifications based on such principles are proposed herein for the Great Lakes region. Well-established names, including Wisconsin, Sangamon, and Illinois, are used at the episode (or glaciation/interglaciation) rank without significant redefinition. The Hudson Episode (Interglaciation) is introduced for postglacial time, the current interglacial interval. The Wisconsin Episode is divided into the Ontario, Elgin, and Michigan Subepisodes in the eastern and northern parts of the Great Lakes region and into the Athens and Michigan Subepisodes in the southern and western parts of the Great Lakes region. ?? 1997 University of Washington.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1006/qres.1996.1870","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W., Hansel, A., Bettis, E., Karrow, P., Larson, G., Lowell, T., and Schneider, A.F., 1997, Late quaternary temporal and event classifications, Great Lakes region, North America: Quaternary Research, v. 47, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1870.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266466,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1996.1870"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a455ae4b0c8380cd6724a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W.H.","contributorId":44297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansel, A.K.","contributorId":89280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karrow, P.F.","contributorId":73761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karrow","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, G.J.","contributorId":89680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowell, T.V.","contributorId":92813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowell","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schneider, Allan F.","contributorId":24937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019925,"text":"70019925 - 1997 - Effects of interaction between ultramafic tectonite and mafic magma on Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic systems in the Neoproterozoic Chaya Massif, Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T12:49:34","indexId":"70019925","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of interaction between ultramafic tectonite and mafic magma on Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic systems in the Neoproterozoic Chaya Massif, Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt","docAbstract":"<p>Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr and U-Pb isotopic systems have been studied in minerals and whole rocks of harzburgites and mafic cumulates from the Chaya Massif, Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt, eastern Siberia, in order to determine the relationship between mantle ultramafic and crustal mafic sections. Geological relations in the Chaya Massif indicate that the mafic magmas were emplaced into, and interacted with older solid peridotite. Hand picked, acid-leached, primary rock-forming and accessory minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase) from the two harzburgite samples show coherent behavior and yield&nbsp;<sup>147</sup>Sm/<sup>144</sup>Nd-<sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup>Nd and&nbsp;<sup>238</sup>U/<sup>204</sup>Pb-<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb mineral isochrons, corresponding to ages of 640 ± 58 Ma (95% confidence level) and 620 ± 71 Ma, respectively. These values are indistinguishable from the crystallization age of the Chaya mafic units of 627 ± 25 Ma (a weighted average of internal isochron Sm-Nd ages of four mafic cumulates). The Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic systems in the harzburgite whole-rock samples were disturbed by hydrothermal alteration. These alteration-related isotopic shifts mimic the trend of variations in primary isotopic compositions in the mafic sequence, thus emphasizing that isotopic data for ultramafic rocks should be interpreted with great caution.</p><p>On the basis of initial Sr and Nd values, ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Chaya Massif can be divided into two groups: (1) harzburgites and the lower mafic unit gabbronorites withε<sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= +6.6 to +7.1 andε<sub>Sr</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −11 to −16; and (2) websterite of the lower unit and gabbronorites of the upper mafic unit:ε<sub>Nd</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= +4.6 to +6.1 andε<sub>Sr</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= −8 to −9. Initial Pb isotopic ratios are identical in all rocks studied, with mean values of&nbsp;<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb= 16.994 ± 0.023 and&nbsp;<sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb= 15.363 ± 0.015. The similarity of ages and initial isotopic ratios within the first group indicates that the isotopic systems in the pre-existing depleted peridotite were reset by extensive interaction with basaltic magma during formation of the mafic crustal sequence. The isotopic data agree with a hypothesized formation of the Chaya Massif in a suprasubduction-zone environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00046-0","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Amelin, Y.V., Ritsk, E.Y., and Neymark, L., 1997, Effects of interaction between ultramafic tectonite and mafic magma on Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic systems in the Neoproterozoic Chaya Massif, Baikal-Muya ophiolite belt: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 148, no. 1-2, p. 299-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00046-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","state":"Siberia","otherGeospatial":"Chaya Massif","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              106.6552734375,\n              53.54030739150022\n            ],\n            [\n              116.43310546875,\n              53.54030739150022\n            ],\n            [\n              116.43310546875,\n              59.18718526575666\n            ],\n            [\n              106.6552734375,\n              59.18718526575666\n            ],\n            [\n              106.6552734375,\n              53.54030739150022\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"148","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0728e4b0c8380cd515a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amelin, Y. V.","contributorId":89679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelin","given":"Y.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritsk, E. Yu","contributorId":28385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritsk","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Yu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019855,"text":"70019855 - 1997 - Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T14:05:50","indexId":"70019855","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2075,"text":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment","docAbstract":"A mesophilic, acetate-oxidizing, sulfur-reducing bacterium, strain NZ27(T), was isolated from anoxic mud from a freshwater sulfur spring. The cells were ovoid, motile, and gram negative. In addition to acetate, the strain oxidized pyruvate, succinate, and fumarate. Sulfur flower could be replaced by polysulfide as an electron acceptor. Ferric nitrilotriacetic acid was reduced in the presence of pyruvate; however, this reduction did not sustain growth. These phenotypic characteristics suggested that strain NZ27(T) is affiliated with the genus Desulfuromonas. A phylogenetic analysis based on the results of comparative 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing confirmed that strain NZ27(T) belongs to the Desulfuromonas cluster in the recently proposed family 'Geobacteraceae' in the delta subgroup of the Proteobacteria. In addition, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that strain NZ27(T) represents a novel species. Desulfuromonas thiophila, a name tentatively used in previous publications, is the name proposed for strain NZ27(T) in this paper.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1099/00207713-47-3-754","issn":"00207713","usgsCitation":"Finster, K., Coates, J., Liesack, W., and Pfennig, N., 1997, Desulfuromonas thiophila sp. nov., a new obligately sulfur-reducing bacterium from anoxic freshwater sediment: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 754-758, https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-754.","startPage":"754","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269909,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-3-754"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff4be4b0c8380cd4f0fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finster, K.","contributorId":83683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finster","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, J.D.","contributorId":105451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Liesack, W.","contributorId":95216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liesack","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pfennig, N.","contributorId":16179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pfennig","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019858,"text":"70019858 - 1997 - Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70019858","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York","docAbstract":"Juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed in cages to fluctuating chemical conditions in four Catskill Mountain streams during the spring and fall of 1989 and the spring of 1990. Specific chemical constituents and characteristics of acidic episodes that correlated with increased fish mortality were identified. Mortality increased during acidic episodes in one poorly buffered stream when inorganic monomeric aluminum (Al(im)) concentrations increased; mortality was low in three other streams during acidic episodes of shorter duration and smaller magnitude than measured in the poorly buffered stream. Variation in mortality was attributed primarily to differences in concentrations of both Al(im) and dissolved organic carbon. Linear and logistic regression analyses indicate that either mean or median Al(im) concentrations could account for 73-99% of the variability in mortality. Regression analyses suggest that mortality was highly related (in order of importance) to Al(im), pH, dissolved organic carbon, calcium, and chloride concentration. Brook trout mortality was also highly related to durations of exposure above 0.225 and 0.250 mg/L Al(im) during test periods. Characteristics of acidic-Al(im) episodes that are critical to mortality of caged brook trout appear to be (i) Al(im) concentrations of at least 0.225 ?? 0.025 mg/L and (ii) exposure to these toxic Al(im) concentrations for at least 2 days.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., and Murdoch, P., 1997, Effect of stream acidification and inorganic aluminum on mortality of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the Catskill Mountains, New York: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 54, no. 3, p. 603-615, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603.","startPage":"603","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206030,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-54-3-603"},{"id":227983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060de4b0c8380cd510c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019860,"text":"70019860 - 1997 - Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T17:06:17","indexId":"70019860","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation","docAbstract":"Concentrically zoned phosphatic-enriched concretions were collected at three sites from the Monterey Formation. The following minerals were identified: vivianite, lipscombite, rockbridgeite, leucophosphite, mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite, nontronite, todorokite, and barite. The mineralogy of the concretions was slightly different at each of the three collection sites. None of the concretions contains all of the minerals, but the spatial distribution of minerals in individual concretions, overlapping mineralogies between different concretions, and the geochemical properties of the separate minerals suggest a paragenesis represented by the above order. Eh increased from the precipitation of vivianite to that of rockbridgeite/lipscombite. The precipitation of leucophosphite, then mitridatite, carbonate fluorapatite and todorokite/Fe-oxide indicates increasing pH. Concretion growth culminated with the precipitation of todorokite, a Mn oxide, and minor amounts of barite along microfractures. Conspicuously absent are Fe-sulfide and Mn-phosphate minerals. The concretions are hosted by finely laminated diatomite. The laminations exhibit little to no deformation around the concretions, requiring that the concretions formed after compaction. We interpret this sediment feature and the paragenesis as recording the evolving pore-water chemistry as the formation was uplifted into the fresh-ground-water zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Medrano, M., and Piper, D., 1997, Fe-Ca-phosphate, Fe-silicate, and Mn-oxide minerals in concretions from the Monterey Formation: Chemical Geology, v. 138, no. 1-2, p. 9-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2.","startPage":"9","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266042,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(96)00170-2"},{"id":228024,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f30e4b0c8380cd537f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medrano, M.D.","contributorId":68326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medrano","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019928,"text":"70019928 - 1997 - The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: A convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal Plain evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T14:32:20","indexId":"70019928","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: A convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal Plain evolution","docAbstract":"<p>Until recently, Cenozoic evolution of the Atlantic Coastal Plain has been viewed as a subcyclical continuum of deposition and erosion. Marine transgressions alternated with regressions on a slowly subsiding passive continental margin, their orderly succession modified mainly by isostatic adjustments, occasional Appalachian tectonism, and paleoclimatic change. This passive scenario was dramatically transformed in the late Eocene, however, by a bolide impact on the inner continental shelf. The resultant crater is now buried 400–500 m beneath lower Chesapeake Bay, its surrounding peninsulas, and the continental shelf east of Delmarva Peninsula. This convulsive event, and the giant tsunami it engendered, fundamentally changed the regional geological framework and depositional regime of the Virginia Coastal Plain, and produced the following principal consequences. (1) The impact excavated a roughly circular crater, twice the size of Rhode Island (∼6400 km<sup>2</sup>) and nearly as deep as the Grand Canyon (∼1.3 km deep). (2) The excavation truncated all existing ground-water aquifers in the target area by gouging ∼4300 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of rock from the upper lithosphere, including Proterozoic and Paleozoic crystalline basement rocks and Middle Jurassic to upper Eocene sedimentary rocks. (3) Synimpact depositional processes, including ejecta fallback, massive crater-wall failure, water-column collapse, and tsunami backwash, filled the crater with a porous breccia lens, 600–1200 m thick, at a phenomenal rate of ∼1200 m/hr. The breccia lens replaced the truncated ground-water aquifers with a single 4300 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>reservoir, characterized by ground water ∼1.5 times saltier than normal sea water (chlorinities as high as 25,700 mg/l). (4) A structural and topographic low, created by differential subsidence of the compacting breccia, persisted over the crater at least through the Pleistocene. In the depression are preserved postimpact marine lithofacies and biofacies (upper Eocene, lower Oligocene, lower Miocene) not known elsewhere in the Virginia Coastal Plain. (5) Long-term differential compaction and subsidence of the breccia lens spawned extensive fault systems in the postimpact strata. Many of these faults appear to reach the bay floor, and may be potential hazards for motion-sensitive structures in population centers around Chesapeake Bay. Near-surface fracturing and faulting generated by the impact shock may extend as far as 90 km from the crater rim. (6) Having never completely filled with postimpact sediments, the sea-floor depression over the crater appears to have predetermined the location of Chesapeake Bay. (7) As large impact craters are principal sources for some of the world's precious metals, it is reasonable to expect that metal-enriched sills, dikes, and melt sheets are present in the inner basin of the crater.</p><p>In addition to these specific consequences, the crater and the convulsive event that produced it, have widespread implications for traditional interpretations of certain structural and depositional features of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, particularly in southeastern Virginia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00048-6","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., 1997, The Chesapeake Bay bolide impact: A convulsive event in Atlantic Coastal Plain evolution: Sedimentary Geology, v. 108, no. 1-4, p. 45-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(96)00048-6.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.466552734375,\n              42.69051116998238\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              42.69051116998238\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.67333984375,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba6c8e4b08c986b321288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":384408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}