{"pageNumber":"368","pageRowStart":"9175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10450,"records":[{"id":5221522,"text":"5221522 - 1987 - Concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-02T10:44:33.248628","indexId":"5221522","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from Washington and Idaho","docAbstract":"

From 1981 to 1983, concentrations dfof metals were determined in mink Mustela vison, muskrats Ondatra zibethica, and small mammals at one contaminated site in Idaho and at two less contaminated sites in Idaho and Washington. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd occurred in samples from the Coeur d'Alene River system near or downstream from an extensive mining—smelting complex in northern Idaho. Maximum concentrations of Pb in the liver of a mink (22 μg g−1) and in pooled liver samples of both voles (Microtus spp., 5·8 μg g−1) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, 10·5 μg g−1) were higher than those inducing serious problems, including mortality, in experimental mammals on Pb-contaminated diets. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were generally low. Declines in certain mammal populations have probably occurred in northern Idah as a result of direct toxicity of metals and associated secondary effects on cover and food supply.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(87)90206-5","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., and Mulhern, B., 1987, Concentrations of metals in mink and other mammals from Washington and Idaho: Environmental Pollution, v. 44, no. 4, p. 307-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90206-5.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194333,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Coeur d'Alene River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 48.9951277328021\n ],\n [\n -123.32647606906357,\n 48.9951277328021\n ],\n [\n -123.55199498635324,\n 46.8432758892566\n ],\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 47.1451929440245\n ],\n [\n -115.55598654282312,\n 48.9951277328021\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a489a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulhern, B.M.","contributorId":98683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222190,"text":"5222190 - 1987 - Reproduction in mallards fed selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:31:16.928661","indexId":"5222190","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction in mallards fed selenium","docAbstract":"

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed diets containing 1, 5, 10, 25 or 100 ppm selenium as sodium selenite, a diet containing 10 ppm selenium as seleno-DL-methionine or a control diet. There were no effects of 1, 5 or 10 ppm selenium as sodium selenite on either weight or survival of adults or on reproductive success, and there did not appear to be a dose-response relationship at these lower levels. The 100 ppm selenium diet killed 11 of 12 adults; one adult male fed 25 ppm selenium died. Selenium at 25 and 100 ppm caused weight loss in adults. Females fed 25 ppm selenium took longer to begin laying eggs and intervals between eggs were longer than in females in other treatment groups. Hatching success appeared to be reduced in birds fed 10 ppm selenium as selenomethionine, but the reduction was not statistically significant. The survival of ducklings and the mean number of 21-d-old ducklings produced per female were reduced in the 25 ppm selenium as sodium selenite group and the 10 ppm selenium as selenomethionine group. Egg weights were not affected by any selenium treatment, but 25 ppm selenium lowered the Ratcliffe Index. Duckling weights at hatching and at 21 d of age were reduced 28 and 36%, respectively, in birds fed 25 ppm selenium, as compared with controls. Body weights measured on day 21 were lower for ducklings fed 10 ppm selenium as selenomethionine than in some other groups. Selenium in concentrations of 10 and 25 ppm as sodium selenite caused mainly embryotoxic effects, whereas 10 ppm as selenomethionine was more teratogenic, causing hydrocephaly, bill defects, eye defects (microphthalmia and anophthalmia) and foot and toe defects, including ectrodactyly. Selenomethionine was much more readily taken up by mallards and passed into their eggs than was sodium selenite, and a greater proportion of the selenium in the eggs ended up in the white when selenomethionine was fed. Adult males accumulated more selenium than did females, probably because of the females' ability to eliminate selenium in their eggs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620060603","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., Krynitsky, A.J., and Weller, D., 1987, Reproduction in mallards fed selenium: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 6, no. 6, p. 423-433, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620060603.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"433","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4805e4b07f02db4cf825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weller, D.M.G.","contributorId":100099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weller","given":"D.M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222187,"text":"5222187 - 1987 - Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T23:34:53.772755","indexId":"5222187","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"

Known reproductive problems, including congenital malformations and poor hatching success, exist for the state endangered Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Twenty Forster's tern eggs were collected from separate nests at (i) a natural colony with documented reproductive problems, situated at Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and (ii) an inland colony at Lake Poygan (control) where reproduction was documented as normal. Eggs from the two locations were placed in the same laboratory incubator and candled throughout incubation. Hatching success of Green Bay eggs was 52% of that for controls. Several early embryonic deaths occurred, but most mortality occurred close to the time of hatching. Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was elevated approximately threefold in Green Bay hatchlings compared to controls. Green Bay terns that hatched weighed less than controls, had an increased liver to body weight ratio, and had a shorter femur length. Two Green Bay embryos that failed to hatch had anomalies, one with a crossed beak and one with poor ossification of the foot. One Green Bay hatchling had an abnormally ossified ilium. These effects were observed in eggs where there were measureable levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducers including polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80019-1","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B.A., Sileo, L., Docherty, D., and Kubiak, T.J., 1987, Embryotoxicity, teratogenicity, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan: Environmental Research, v. 42, no. 1, p. 176-184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80019-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"184","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Green Bay, Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.42669677734375,\n 45.85176048817254\n ],\n [\n -86.7095947265625,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -87.14355468749999,\n 44.984227835166486\n ],\n [\n -87.44842529296875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -88.01422119140625,\n 44.459270203098846\n ],\n [\n -88.165283203125,\n 44.53959000445632\n ],\n [\n -88.03619384765625,\n 44.78768327030475\n ],\n [\n -87.84942626953125,\n 45.02500920723146\n ],\n [\n -87.6214599609375,\n 45.26135531683856\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 45.60635207711834\n ],\n [\n -87.10784912109375,\n 45.80391388619765\n ],\n [\n -87.0172119140625,\n 45.94542053059532\n ],\n [\n -86.8963623046875,\n 45.95878764035642\n ],\n [\n -86.5338134765625,\n 45.95878764035642\n ],\n [\n -86.4129638671875,\n 45.891919851282076\n ],\n [\n -86.42669677734375,\n 45.85176048817254\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605944","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":335745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":335749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Docherty, Douglas E.","contributorId":58245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Docherty","given":"Douglas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5220618,"text":"5220618 - 1987 - Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T14:05:50","indexId":"5220618","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines","docAbstract":"

1. A variety of biochemical measurements were taken periodically in captive northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus L.), European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.), red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula L.) to determine whether baseline values remain sufficiently stable throughout the year for general clinical use in the absence of concurrent control specimens.

2. Variables included whole blood hemotacrit and hemoglobin, plasma lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alinine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, albumin, total protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides, and brain acetylcholinesterase. Butyrl- and acetylcholinesterase were included because of their specific uses in toxicology.

3. Significant seasonal differences were detected for each of the variables except brain acetylcholinesterase in at least one of the species. Significant species differences were detected during at least one season for all of the variables measured.

4. All species were maintained outdoors, but only northern bobwhites came into reproductive condition and showed sex-differences in the clinical variables during their normal breeding season.

5. It was concluded that reference values for the 18 clinical variables measured could be calculated from our data for adult specimens of the species studied, and that results for one species cannot be extrapolated with certainty to any other species.

6. Estimated normal bounds for each of the 18 variables measured by commonly used clinical procedures are presented for reproductively quiescent northern bobwhites, European starlings, red-winged blackbirds, and common grackles.


","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0305-0491(87)90415-9","usgsCitation":"Hill, E.F., and Murray, H.C., 1987, Seasonal variation in diagnostic enzymes and biochemical constituents of captive northern bobwhites and passerines: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, v. 87, no. 4, p. 933-940, https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(87)90415-9.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"933","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, H. C.","contributorId":30702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221178,"text":"5221178 - 1987 - Antibody response of sandhill and whooping cranes to an eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T11:05:26.115276","indexId":"5221178","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antibody response of sandhill and whooping cranes to an eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine","docAbstract":"As a possible strategy to protect whooping cranes (Grus americana) from fatal eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viral infection, studies were conducted to determine the immune response of this species and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) to a formalin-inactivated EEE viral vaccine. Viral-specific neutralizing antibody was elicited in both species after intramuscular (IM) vaccination. Subcutaneous and intravenous routes of vaccination failed to elicit detectable antibody in sandhill cranes. Among the IM vaccinated cranes, the immune response was characterized by nondetectable or low antibody titers that waned rapidly following primary exposure to the vaccine. However, one or more booster doses consistently elicited detectable antibody and/or increased antibody titers in the whooping cranes. In contrast, cranes with pre-existing EEE viral antibody, apparently induced by natural infection, exhibited a rapid increase and sustained high-antibody titers. Even though EEE virus vaccine induced neutralizing antibody and produced no adverse side effects, further studies will be required to determine the protective efficacy of the antibody.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-23.4.539","usgsCitation":"Clark, G., Dein, F., Crabbs, C., Carpenter, J.W., and Watts, D., 1987, Antibody response of sandhill and whooping cranes to an eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 23, no. 4, p. 539-544, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-23.4.539.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b102d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, G.G.","contributorId":68275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"G.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crabbs, C.L.","contributorId":51265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crabbs","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watts, D.M.","contributorId":72886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5221546,"text":"5221546 - 1987 - Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T15:43:24.646979","indexId":"5221546","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:02","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater","docAbstract":"
In May 1984, 332 mammals of 10 species were collected at Kesterson Reservoir (San Joaquin Valley, Merced Co., CA), which had received selenium-laden irrigation drainwater, and at the nearby Volta Wildlife Area, which had not. The study concentrated on the California vole (Microtus californicus); 88 were taken at Kesterson, 89 at Volta. Mean selenium concentrations in livers were as much as 522 times higher at Kesterson. There were species-to-species differences at Kesterson; higher selenium concentrations occurred in carnivorous species and/or species that feed on foods closely linked to pond water. There were also pond-to-pond differences at Kesterson; drainwater historically was delivered to Ponds 1 and 2, where concentrations in 1984 were higher, with subsequent flow to other ponds, where they were lower.
Whereas none of 50 adult female voles from Kesterson was pregnant, 12 of 41 (29%) from Volta were pregnant. However, this cessation of reproductive activity at Kesterson was probably not due to selenium toxicity but could have resulted because drying conditions at Kesterson forced voles to a seed diet earlier than at Volta. One malformation was found among five embryonic litters of three species from Kesterson. Mammals seem much less susceptible to selenium-induced embryonic abnormalities than birds.
No adverse impacts of selenium on wild mammals were demonstrated; however, some sensitive species might have been extirpated from Kesterson before this study began. In addition, high concentrations in small mammal species at Kesterson may threaten predatory birds and mammals that feed on them, with the endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) of particular concern.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(87)90084-2","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1987, Selenium accumulation in mammals exposed to contaminated California irrigation drainwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 66, no. 1, p. 147-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90084-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8be4b07f02db651b40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224105,"text":"5224105 - 1987 - Improving atlas methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224105","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":640,"text":"Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving atlas methodology","docAbstract":"We are studying a sample of Maryland (2 %) and New Hampshire (4 %) Atlas blocks and a small sample in Maine. These three States used different sampling methods and block sizes. We compare sampling techniques, roadside with off-road coverage, our coverage with that of the volunteers, and different methods of quantifying Atlas results. The 7 1/2' (12-km) blocks used in the Maine Atlas are satisfactory for coarse mapping, but are too large to enable changes to be detected in the future. Most states are subdividing the standard 7 1/2' maps into six 5-km blocks. The random 1/6 sample of 5-km blocks used in New Hampshire, Vermont (published 1985), and many other states has the advantage of permitting detection of some changes in the future, but the disadvantage of leaving important habitats unsampled. The Maryland system of atlasing all 1,200 5-km blocks and covering one out of each six by quarterblocks (2 1/2-km) is far superior if enough observers can be found. A good compromise, not yet attempted, would be to Atlas a 1/6 random sample of 5-km blocks and also one other carefully selected (non-random) block on the same 7 1/2' map--the block that would include the best sample of habitats or elevations not in the random block. In our sample the second block raised the percentage of birds found from 86% of the birds recorded in the 7 1/2' quadrangle to 93%. It was helpful to list the expected species in each block and to revise this list annually. We estimate that 90-100 species could be found with intensive effort in most Maryland blocks; perhaps 95-105 in New Hampshire. It was also helpful to know which species were under-sampled so we could make a special effort to search for these. A total of 75 species per block (or 75% of the expected species in blocks with very restricted habitat diversity) is considered a practical and adequate goal in these States. When fewer than 60 species are found per block, a high proportion of the rarer species are missed, as well as some of the common ones. Similarity indices based on fewer than 60 species per block reflect coverage rather than habitat affinities. Atlas blocks that are ecologically similar should have similarity indices (S) of at least 0.80 to be considered adequately covered. S = 2C/(A + B), where C is the number of species in common and A and B are species totals for each of the two blocks being compared. A series of 15 13-minutes roadside stops yielded more species than 15 off-road stops, but off-road stops always had some species not detected at the roadside stops. A series of timed stops is an excellent way to map relative abundance if the stops are standardized with respect to time of day and weather, and the counts are made by observers of comparable ability. Efforts to estimate Atlas block populations in powers of 10 (as in the French Atlas) have not gained acceptance in U.S.A. Most observers feel unqualified to make estimates. An efficient way to Atlas a block is to make at least 3 early morning visits to 15 or more specific stops. Arrive in the block early enough to check for nocturnal species on at least two days; and after completing the specific stops, search the block for other species and for confirmations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Bird census and atlas studies : Actes de la IXe Conference internationale d'Ornithologie quantitative. Proceedings of the IXth International Conference on Bird Census and Atlas Work, 9th, 1985, Dijon, France / Jacques Blondel, Bernard Frochot, editors.","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., Dowell, B., and O'Brien, J., 1987, Improving atlas methodology: Acta Oecologica Oecologia Generalis, v. 8, no. 2.","productDescription":"314 (poster abstract)","startPage":"314 (poste","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5958","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dowell, B.A.","contributorId":35842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowell","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Brien, J.","contributorId":39910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Brien","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222218,"text":"5222218 - 1987 - Survival of spotted salamander eggs in temporary woodland ponds of coastal Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5222218","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of spotted salamander eggs in temporary woodland ponds of coastal Maryland","docAbstract":"Temporary ponds on the Atlantic Coastal Plain in maryland were characterized according to water chemistry, rain input, phytoplankton, zooplankton and use by the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum during March-October 1983-1984. Neither the number of egg masses per unit of pond surface (abundance) nor the survival of spotted salamander embryos was significantly correlated (P>0.05) with pond pH. Rainfall during May-July significantly increased the hydrogen ion concentration of 5 of 11 ponds evaluated for the impact of rainfall during the previous 48h and the previous week. Survival of egg masses transferred among eight ponds with pH3.66-4.45 and one pond with pH5.18 was significantly reduced (Pof Proceedings of the 2nd Jean Delacour/IFCB Symposium on Breeding Birds in Captivity. , p. 1-8.","productDescription":"xviii, 571","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aead8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gabel, R. R.","contributorId":70500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015140,"text":"70015140 - 1987 - Spectral analysis of topography and gravity in the Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-25T16:00:03.868164","indexId":"70015140","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral analysis of topography and gravity in the Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"

A two-dimensional spectral analysis has been carried out for the topography and the Bouguer gravity anomaly of the Basin and Range Province in western North America. The aim was to investigate the possible presence of dominant wavelengths in the deformation pattern at the surface and at the depth of compensation. The results suggest that a 200-km wavelength in the deep compensating mass distribution has been inherited from an early tectonic phase of extension at an azimuth N65??E. The corresponding surface topography exhibits prominent overtones at wavelength of 100, 75, and possibly 45 km. It is argued that these characterize the non-linear rheology of the upper crust. The short wavelengths in the topography reflect the present phase of deformation, mixed with the results of the older deformations. These results point to a need to extend the physical models of lithospheric stretching beyond the presently available one-phase scenario. However, they show that the boudinage instability concept is consistent with the data. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(87)90262-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Ricard, Y., Froidevaux, C., and Simpson, R., 1987, Spectral analysis of topography and gravity in the Basin and Range Province: Tectonophysics, v. 133, no. 3-4, p. 175-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90262-9.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"187","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.03735943588883,\n 42.00862345299814\n ],\n [\n -120.39806789682876,\n 39.40064412979108\n ],\n [\n -115.38915301377308,\n 31.51632357488282\n ],\n [\n -109.63099281629341,\n 25.94233845042458\n ],\n [\n -108.15733396208881,\n 30.00462232811228\n ],\n [\n -104.29445090260016,\n 29.23368235277063\n ],\n [\n -112.90774565842592,\n 37.0909253903935\n ],\n [\n -110.9828809907067,\n 42.117270492737845\n ],\n [\n -120.03735943588883,\n 42.00862345299814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9536e4b08c986b31add9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ricard, Y.","contributorId":62347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricard","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Froidevaux, C.","contributorId":10933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Froidevaux","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, R.","contributorId":49934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014871,"text":"70014871 - 1987 - A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:23:37.478165","indexId":"70014871","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world","docAbstract":"

The maximum historic rainfall-runoff floods measured in the United States, the People's Republic of China and the world all plot close to a smooth curve of drainage area versus discharge. In the United States, the possibility that flood peaks were overestimated and the closeness of these peaks to the probable maximum floods suggest that this limiting curve of maximum floods will not significantly change position with more data. Data for future floods that plot above this curve need to be examined carefully. The most likely interpretations for new data points above the curve would be the confusion of a mud or debris flow with a water-dominated flood, or the damming of channels by debris or a landslide and subsequent bursting. In the United States, excluding Hawaii, the largest measured historic floods in basins less than about 1000 km2, all occurred in arid and semi-arid areas. In China, the majority of the largest measured historic floods occurred in the east and southeast in basins on the windward side of mountainous areas, and in locations affected by typhoons. One extraordinary flood that exceeds any other recorded flood in the world for the size of the drainage basin in which it occurred is the New Caledonia flood of December 24, 1981 on the Ouaieme River. Worldwide, the largest measured historic floods occurred primarily between 40°N and 40°S latitude on streams and rivers near coastal areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Costa, J.E., 1987, A comparison of the largest rainfall-runoff floods in the United States with those of the People's Republic of China and the world: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 101-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90146-6.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e378e4b0c8380cd4604f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Costa, J. E.","contributorId":28977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costa","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014835,"text":"70014835 - 1987 - Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:33:24.845441","indexId":"70014835","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods","docAbstract":"

It is usually advantageous to use information regarding historical floods, if available, to define the flood-frequency relation for a stream. Peak stages can sometimes be determined for outstanding floods that occurred many years ago before systematic gaging of streams began. In the United States, this information is usually not available for more than 100-200 years, but in countries with long cultural histories, such as China, historical flood data are available at some sites as far back as 2,000 years or more. It is important in flood studies to be able to assign a maximum discharge rate and an associated error range to the historical flood.

This paper describes the significant characteristics and uncertainties of four commonly used methods for estimating the peak discharge of a flood. These methods are: (1) rating curve (stage-discharge relation) extension; (2) slope conveyance; (3) slope area; and (4) step backwater. Logarithmic extensions of rating curves are based on theoretical plotting techniques that results in straight line extensions provided that channel shape and roughness do not change significantly. The slope-conveyance and slope-area methods are based on the Manning equation, which requires specific data on channel size, shape and roughness, as well as the water-surface slope for one or more cross-sections in a relatively straight reach of channel. The slope-conveyance method is used primarily for shaping and extending rating curves, whereas the slope-area method is used for specific floods. The step-backwater method, also based on the Manning equation, requires more cross-section data than the slope-area ethod, but has a water-surface profile convergence characteristic that negates the need for known or estimated water-surface slope.

Uncertainties in calculating peak discharge for historical floods may be quite large. Various investigations have shown that errors in calculating peak discharges by the slope-area method under ideal conditions for recent floods (i.e., when flood elevations, slope and channel characteristics are reasonably certain), may be on the order of 10-25%. Under less than ideal conditions, where streams are hydraulically steep and rough, errors may be much larger. The additional uncertainties for historical floods created by the passage of time may result in even larger errors of peak discharge. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Cook, J., 1987, Quantifying peak discharges for historical floods: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 29-40, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90141-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"40","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91d4e4b0c8380cd804af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, J.L.","contributorId":48323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014821,"text":"70014821 - 1987 - Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-23T16:13:51.042111","indexId":"70014821","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information","docAbstract":"

For purposes of evaluating fitted flood frequency distributions or for purposes of estimating distributions directly from plots of flood peaks versus exceedance probabilities (either by subjective or objective techniques), one needs a probability plotting position formula which can be applied to all of the flood data available: both systematic and historic floods. Some of the formulas in use are simply extensions of existing formulas (such as Hazen and Weibull) used on systematic flood records. New plotting position formulas proposed by Hirsch and Stedinger (1986) and in this paper are based on a recognition that the flood data arises from partially censored sampling of the flood record. The theoretical appropriateness, bias in probability and bias in discharge of the various plotting position formulas are considered. The methods are compared in terms of their effects on flood frequency estimation when an objective curve-fitting method of estimation is employed. Consideration is also given to the correct interpretation of the historical record length and the effect of incorrectly assuming that record length equals the time since the first known historical flood. This assumption is employed in many flood frequency studies and may result in a substantial bias in estimated design flood magnitudes. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R., 1987, Probability plotting position formulas for flood records with historical information: Journal of Hydrology, v. 96, no. 1-4, p. 185-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90152-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"199","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cbae4b0c8380cd7e863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3720,"text":"cir987 - 1987 - The use of surface geophysical techniques to detect fractures in bedrock; an annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T07:45:14","indexId":"cir987","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"987","title":"The use of surface geophysical techniques to detect fractures in bedrock; an annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This annotated bibliography compiles references about the theory and application of surface geophysical techniques to locate fractures or fracture zones within bedrock units. Forty-three publications are referenced, including journal articles, theses, conference proceedings, abstracts, translations, and reports prepared by private contractors and U.S. Government agencies. Thirty-one of the publications are annotated. The remainder are untranslated foreign language articles, which are listed only as bibliographic references. \r\n\r\nMost annotations summarize the location, geologic setting, surface geophysical technique used, and results of a study. A few highly relevant theoretical studies are annotated also. Publications that discuss only the use of borehole geophysical techniques to locate fractures are excluded from this bibliography. Also excluded are highly theoretical works that may have little or no known practical application.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir987","usgsCitation":"Lewis, M.R., and Haeni, F., 1987, The use of surface geophysical techniques to detect fractures in bedrock; an annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 987, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir987.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0987/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1987/0987/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f5f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Mark R.","contributorId":36920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":34750,"text":"b1595 - 1987 - The geologic story of Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-14T10:45:30","indexId":"b1595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1595","title":"The geologic story of Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"

Within 150 years, Yosemite has moved from great obscurity to worldwide fame as one of the most visited of our national parks. As a remarkable place where people can enjoy unparalleled scenes of natural beauty and where many easily observed geologic features are concentrated, the park is rivaled by few other areas on the planet. The majesty and immense variety of these features have inspired artists and photographers, intrigued tourists, and stirred controversy among geologists.

Field studies in the Yosemite area have contributed to the development of our ideas about geologic processes, including the different actions of streams and glaciers in the evolution of the landscape, and the formation of granite, the basic bedrock of much of the Earth's continents. The park's role as a natural laboratory for geologic research cannot be overemphasized, and its investigation has led to many landmark studies by U.S. Geological Survey geologists over the past 70 years. In 1913, the first detailed program of research on the geology of the park and the origin ofYosemite Valley was begun by Francois Matthes and Frank Calkins. Their work, along with that of later generations of Survey geologists, myself included, serves as the basis for our present understanding of the geologic history of Yosemite and of the processes that formed and continue to mold its landscape.

This book, which makes available in one volume a comprehensive summary of the current geologic knowledge of Yosemite National Park, is an excellent example of the Survey's continuing effort to provide earth-science information in the public service.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1595","usgsCitation":"Huber, N.K., 1987, The geologic story of Yosemite National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1595, xi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1595.","productDescription":"xi, 64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1595/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1595/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 37.49011473195046\n ],\n [\n -119.19342041015624,\n 37.49011473195046\n ],\n [\n -119.19342041015624,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 38.22307753495298\n ],\n [\n -119.94873046875,\n 37.49011473195046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, N. King","contributorId":51284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"King","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14700,"text":"ofr87101 - 1987 - Sediment discharge data for the lower reach of Campbell Creek, Anchorage, Alaska; May to October 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:03","indexId":"ofr87101","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-101","title":"Sediment discharge data for the lower reach of Campbell Creek, Anchorage, Alaska; May to October 1986","docAbstract":"Streamflow and suspended sediment data were collected at two sites in Anchorage, Alaska, one upstream and one downstream from the proposed bridge construction site. Immediately downstream from the study reach, the creek enters Campbell Lake, an artificial impoundment in which sedimentation is becoming of concern to recreational users and lakeside residents. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87101","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, S.W., 1987, Sediment discharge data for the lower reach of Campbell Creek, Anchorage, Alaska; May to October 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-101, iv, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87101.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43467,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3a0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, S. W.","contributorId":65083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207383,"text":"70207383 - 1987 - The case for tectonic denudation by the Heart Mountain fault - A response","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-19T07:26:11","indexId":"70207383","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T13:41:32","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The case for tectonic denudation by the Heart Mountain fault - A response","docAbstract":"

T

wo basic concepts pertaining to the history of the Heart Mountain fault of northwestern Wyoming have recently been challenged; one, that there was tectonic denudation, and two, that volcanic rock of the Wapiti Formation was deposited on the exposed fault surface. Tectonic denudation is believed to have occurred as a consequence of the upper plate having broken into numerous blocks that separated as movement progressed along a nearly horizontal fault surface, thus leaving the fault surface exposed between blocks. Volcanic rocks of the Wapiti Formation were then deposited both on the exposed fault surface and against and over the upper-plate blocks. Two formations of Eocene volcanic rocks are involved. The older volcanic unit, the Cathedral Cliffs Formation, and the Paleozoic carbonate rocks are part of the upper plate of the Heart Mountain fault and moved with it, whereas the younger Wapiti Formation was deposited on the fault surface after movement had ceased.

In an alternate interpretation recently advanced by T. A. Hauge, subdivisions of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, of which the Cathedral Cliffs and Wapiti Formations are units, are not recognized. The upper plate of the Heart Mountain detachment is interpreted as having been a single, continuous allochthon composed largely of volcanic rocks with small amounts of Paleozoic rocks. During Heart Mountain faulting, extension of the once-continuous slab of Paleozoic sedimentary rock is alleged to have been accompanied by the formation of ten or more grabens, now filled predominantly by Absaroka volcanic rocks. This interpretation further proposes that the volcanic rocks were emplaced while the separating blocks of Paleozoic strata were still moving and that the basal part of the volcanic rock between these blocks is in fault contact rather than depositional contact with the strata beneath the Heart Mountain fault.

Many lines of geologic field evidence indicate that the Wapiti Formation is younger than the Heart Mountain fault and was deposited on the technically denuded fault surface. (1) Wapiti rocks bury the break-away fault. (2) Fault breccia at the base of the upper-plate carbonate blocks is composed entirely of carbonate fault breccia and has no volcanic component. (3) Small blocks of upper-plate rocks have been displaced by gravity from the upper part of the allochthon to the detachment fault surface. (4) Eocene stream-channel deposits locally cut into the surface of tectonic denudation and also have been displaced on the Heart Mountain fault. (5) The volume of Wapiti Formation filling the spaces between allochthonous blocks in proportion to the volume of those blocks is much too great for the Wapiti to have been allochthonous. (6) Clastic dikes of carbonate fault breccia penetrate Wapiti volcanic rocks. (7) Some of these clastic dikes of fault breccia contain Precambrian xenoliths and wood phenoclasts requiring surface exposures of the fault breccia before injection as dikes. (8) Wapiti volcanic rocks having chilled borders are in tightly bonded contact with upper-plate Paleozoic rocks. (9) Faults present in the upper-plate blocks do not penetrate the overlying Wapiti Formation. (10) Volcanic fault breccia is absent where volcanic rocks overlie carbonate fault breccia. (11) A mound of carbonate fault breccia is not mixed with overlying Wapiti Formation.

The continuous allochthon interpretation is based on several erroneous assumptions that cannot be supported by field observations. (1) Faults to transport and emplace the Wapiti Formation onto and along the Heart Mountain fault do not exist. (2) The contact between volcanic rocks and the allochthon west of Corral Creek at the west end of Cathedral Cliffs, cited by Hauge as a fault in an extending allochthon, is a depositional contact. (3) The volcanic rock adjoining allochthonous Paleozoic rocks north of Pilot Creek cannot be part of an extending allochthon because (a) it is Cathedral Cliffs Formation, which is pre–Heart Mountain fault, and (b) its direction of movement is horizontal rather than down dip, as required in an extending allochthon. (4) Most of the igneous dikes were intruded after the Heart Mountain fault movement ceased, and so they could not accommodate significant extension of the upper plate. (5) Striae reported as indicating fault emplacement of volcanic rock (Wapiti Formation) on the Heart Mountain fault actually lire flow features, formed as the Wapiti Formation was deposited on the exposed fault surface.

Tectonic denudation is the only model that is consistent with evidence observable in the field. Although the process by which tectonic denudation was accomplished remains enigmatic, tectonic denudation remains a constraining fact in any model for the origin of the Heart Mountain fault.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<552:TCFTDB>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Pierce, W.G., 1987, The case for tectonic denudation by the Heart Mountain fault - A response: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 4, p. 552-568, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<552:TCFTDB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"552","endPage":"568","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"99","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, W. G.","contributorId":11267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193875,"text":"70193875 - 1987 - Effects of cover materials on leaching of constituents from dolomitic lead mine tailings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T10:46:10","indexId":"70193875","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of cover materials on leaching of constituents from dolomitic lead mine tailings","docAbstract":"

Five raised-bed test plots were used to study the effects of cover materials on the leaching of constituents from dolomitic Pb mine tailings over a 2-yr period. The cover materials studied were a fertilizer and seed mixture, anaerobically digested sewage sludge, loam and sod, and fallen leaves from silver maples (Acer Saccharinum); one plot was not covered. Fresh leachates and receiving pool waters were analyzed for ten metals, Si, P, inorganic anions, filterable organic carbon (FOC), and alkalinity. The mixture of fertilizer and seed decreased leaching of Pb and Zn during the first year. The leaf cover increased leaching of Pb during both years; this effect decreased as the leaves weathered. Sludge caused some increase in Pb leaching during the first year, and increased Cd leaching during both years. Concentrations of most leachate constituents decreased, and pH increased in the receiving pools. Concentrations of Pb remained higher in the receiving pool for the leaf-covered plot than in the other pools. Increases in leaching of Pb and Cd with a sludge cover were moderate, and the ability of the material to support plant growth on the tailings suggested that it may be a good medium for inducing growth of vegetative cover on the dolomitic tailings. Other organic materials may cause pronounced increase in the concentration of toxic trace metals in leachate from the tailings.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00176865","usgsCitation":"Harwood, J., Koirtyohann, S.R., and Schmitt, C., 1987, Effects of cover materials on leaching of constituents from dolomitic lead mine tailings: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 34, no. 1, p. 31-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00176865.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Desloge","otherGeospatial":"Big River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0826d5e4b09af898c8deff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, J.J.","contributorId":200062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harwood","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koirtyohann, S. R.","contributorId":44287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koirtyohann","given":"S.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C.J.","contributorId":119731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197837,"text":"70197837 - 1987 - In search of the Abrams post office, Trinity County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T11:11:28","indexId":"70197837","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1154,"text":"California Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In search of the Abrams post office, Trinity County","docAbstract":"

An understanding of earth history depends in part on stratigraphy, a division of geology in which the distinctive features of natural units or formations of layered rocks are studied and described and names are assigned to them. The procedures for describing and naming rock units in a uniform way are incorporated in documents known as stratigraphic codes. The North American Stratigraphic Code (1983) is currently used by most geologists in the United States when formation names are selected. Rock unit names consist of a geographic name, generally taken from a natural feature near the locality where the unit was first described, followed by a descriptive feature, usually the dominant rock type in the unit. Although the procedure for naming a rock unit seems straightforward, stratigraphic nomenclature can lead to confusion when the principles outlined in the stratigraphic code are ignored or incorrectly applied. This paper traces the naming of the Abrams Mica Schist, one of the major units of the northern California Klamath Mountains. It describes how uncertainty about the location of the geographic feature after which the unit was named has led to conflicting terminology. The search revealed some interesting history of the early days of mining in the Coffee Creek region of the Trinity Alps in Trinity County. 

","language":"English","publisher":"EurekaMag","usgsCitation":"Lanphere, M.A., and Irwin, W., 1987, In search of the Abrams post office, Trinity County: California Geology, v. 40, no. 5, p. 99-103.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"103","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355263,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1134ebe4b034bf6a827707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lanphere, Marvin A. alder@usgs.gov","contributorId":2696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"Marvin","email":"alder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":738710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, William P.","contributorId":12889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"William P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193876,"text":"70193876 - 1987 - The effects of sample preparation on measured concentrations of eight elements in edible tissues of fish from streams contaminated by lead mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-07T10:50:22","indexId":"70193876","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of sample preparation on measured concentrations of eight elements in edible tissues of fish from streams contaminated by lead mining","docAbstract":"

The influence of sample preparation on measured concentrations of eight elements in the edible tissues of two black basses (Centrarchidae), two catfishes (Ictaluridae), and the black redhorse,Moxostoma duquesnei (Catostomidae) from two rivers in southeastern Missouri contaminated by mining and related activities was investigated. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Ca were measured in two skinless, boneless samples of axial muscle from individual fish prepared in a clean room. One sample (normally-processed) was removed from each fish with a knife in a manner typically used by investigators to process fish for elemental analysis and presumedly representative of methods employed by anglers when preparing fish for home consumption. A second sample (clean-processed) was then prepared from each normally-processed sample by cutting away all surface material with acid-cleaned instruments under ultraclean conditions. The samples were analyzed as a single group by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the elements studied, only Pb regularly exceeded current guidelines for elemental contaminants in foods. Concentrations were high in black redhorse from contaminated sites, regardless of preparation method; for the other fishes, whether or not Pb guidelines were exceeded depended on preparation technique. Except for Mn and Ca, concentrations of all elements measured were significantly lower in cleanthan in normally-processed tissue samples. Absolute differences in measured concentrations between clean- and normally-processed samples were most evident for Pb and Ba in bass and catfish and for Cd and Zn in redhorse. Regardless of preparation method, concentrations of Pb, Ca, Mn, and Ba in individual fish were closely correlated; samples that were high or low in one of these four elements were correspondingly high or low in the other three. In contrast, correlations between Zn, Fe, and Cd occurred only in normallyprocessed samples, suggesting that these correlations resulted from high concentrations on the surfaces of some samples. Concentrations of Pb and Ba in edible tissues of fish from contaminated sites were highly correlated with Ca content, which was probably determined largely by the amount of tissue other than muscle in the sample because fish muscle contains relatively little Ca. Accordingly, variation within a group of similar samples can be reduced by normalizing Pb and Ba concentrations to a standard Ca concentration. When sample size (N) is large, this can be accomplished statistically by analysis of covariance; whenN is small, molar ratios of [Pb]/[Ca] and [Ba]/[Ca] can be computed. Without such adjustments, unrealistically large Ns are required to yield statistically reliable estimates of Pb concentrations in edible tissues. Investigators should acknowledge that reported concentrations of certain elements are only estimates, and that regardless of the care exercised during the collection, preparation, and analysis of samples, results should be interpreted with the awareness that contamination from external sources may have occurred.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055800","usgsCitation":"Schmitt, C.J., and Finger, S.E., 1987, The effects of sample preparation on measured concentrations of eight elements in edible tissues of fish from streams contaminated by lead mining: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 16, no. 2, p. 185-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055800.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Big River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0826d5e4b09af898c8defc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finger, Susan E. sfinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finger","given":"Susan","email":"sfinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":720854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207555,"text":"70207555 - 1987 - The significance of observations at active volcanoes; A review and annotated bibliography of studies at Kilauea and Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T14:55:38.866338","indexId":"70207555","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-24T13:05:11","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5903,"text":"Geochemical Society Special Publication","onlineIssn":" 1073-217","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The significance of observations at active volcanoes; A review and annotated bibliography of studies at Kilauea and Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"

Study of active volcanoes yields information of much broader significance than to only the discipline of volcanology. Some applications are 1) interpretation of lava-flow structures, stratigraphic complexities, and petrologic relations in older volcanic units; 2) interpretation of bulk properties of the mantle and constraints on partial melting and deep magma transport; 3) interpretation of geophysical characteristics of potentially active volcanic systems; 4) direct determination of physical properties of molten and solidified basalt, and of intensive variables (e.g., oxygen fugacity and temperature) accompanying cooling and crystallization; 5) quantitative assessment of crystal fractionation and magma mixing, 6) tests of theoretical and experimental geochemical, geophysical, and rheologic models of volcanic behavior; and 7) confirmation in nature of laboratory experiments related to crystallization in igneous systems. The critical factors that make real-time study of volcanic activity valuable are that the location and timing of events are known, and that molten rock and gases are available for direct observation and sampling for subsequent study. Observations made over a period of time make it possible to calculate rates of magma transport, storage, and crystallization, as well as to quantitatively determine elastic and inelastic deformation and the build up and decay of stress within the active volcanic system. Discussion of these topics is keyed to an annotated bibliography from which quantitative information on properties and processes may be obtained. Emphasis is on Hawaii's active basaltic volcanoes for which the most information is available. Additional references are made to research at Mount St. Helens, one of the first real-time studies of an active volcano of dacitic composition.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geochemical Society","isbn":"0-941-809-005","usgsCitation":"Wright, T., and Swanson, D., 1987, The significance of observations at active volcanoes; A review and annotated bibliography of studies at Kilauea and Mount St. Helens: Geochemical Society Special Publication, v. 1, p. 231-240.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano, Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.31509399414062,\n 19.381113715771875\n ],\n [\n -155.22171020507812,\n 19.381113715771875\n ],\n [\n -155.22171020507812,\n 19.44328437042322\n ],\n [\n -155.31509399414062,\n 19.44328437042322\n ],\n [\n -155.31509399414062,\n 19.381113715771875\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 46.14178273759234\n ],\n [\n -122.02239990234375,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 46.30140615437332\n ],\n [\n -122.36022949218749,\n 46.14178273759234\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207311,"text":"70207311 - 1987 - Dinosaurs, pollen and spores, and the age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:34:40.796569","indexId":"70207311","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-16T15:34:50","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dinosaurs, pollen and spores, and the age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The Ojo Alamo Sandstone of the San Juan Basin of New Mexico is composed of interbedded conglomeratic sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. Conglomerates are found in the western part of the basin; siliceous pebbles diminish in size both southward and eastward across the basin, becoming rare to nonexistent in the eastern part. There is great variation in the internal stratigraphy of the Ojo Alamo: Individual sandstone or mudstone beds thicken, thin, and pinch out laterally. The thickness of the Ojo Alamo varies from 6 m (20 ft) to more than 122 m (400 ft). The formation varies in composition from one to as many as five sandstone beds with interbeds of siltstone or mudstone.

Dinosaur bone has been found within the Ojo Alamo at several sites in the western part of the basin. Paleocene pollen has been found within the Ojo Alamo in the eastern part of the basin. To date, no Cretaceous pollen has been found at or above the stratigraphic level of dinosaur bone within the Ojo Alamo Sandstone. Near Barrel Spring, in the southwest part of the basin, both dinosaur bone and Paleocene pollen have been found. One bone, found at the top of the Ojo Alamo, was loose on the surface, and its significance is therefore equivocal. Dinosaur bone, however, has also been found in place in the upper part of the Ojo Alamo about 1.6 km (1 mi) west of Barrel Spring, at about the same stratigraphic level as Paleocene pollen from a site just east of Barrel Spring. Because there is no apparent unconformity between the highest in-place bone level and the Paleocene pollen level in this area, the Ojo Alamo dinosaurs, if not reworked, are Paleocene in age at this site and probably throughout the San Juan Basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE209-p17","usgsCitation":"Fassett, J.E., Lucas, S.G., and O’Neill, F., 1987, Dinosaurs, pollen and spores, and the age of the Ojo Alamo Sandstone, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: GSA Special Papers, v. 209, p. 17-34, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE209-p17.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.709716796875,\n 35.93354064249312\n ],\n [\n -106.864013671875,\n 35.93354064249312\n ],\n [\n -106.864013671875,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -108.709716796875,\n 37.45741810262938\n ],\n [\n -108.709716796875,\n 35.93354064249312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"209","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fassett, James E. jfassett@usgs.gov","contributorId":73590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fassett","given":"James","email":"jfassett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":777646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lucas, S. G.","contributorId":76934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, F.M.","contributorId":221285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185546,"text":"70185546 - 1987 - Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:59:40","indexId":"70185546","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","docAbstract":"

In this study, laboratory experiments were used to investigate mechanisms that may cause anisotropy in the dispersion coefficient and to investigate the relation between anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy in longitudinal dispersion. Measurements of sodium chloride concentration (used as a tracer) were made at 105 in situ sampling locations in a new type of sand box designed to allow flow in either of two perpendicular directions. Two types of hydraulic anisotropy were examined. The first consisted of structured zones of increased hydraulic conductivity within a lower-conductivity medium. The second type involved low-conductivity platelike inclusions within a homogeneous, isotropic medium. The plates were aligned such that the tortuosity was increased only in one principal direction of permeability. Results using two examples of the first type of media showed that the apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction were greater than those perpendicular to this direction. Two examples of the second type of media produced smaller apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction. The results suggest that the mechanisms causing dispersive anisotropy can be related, conceptually, to the factors causing hydraulic anisotropy.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i011p02145","usgsCitation":"Silliman, S.E., Konikow, L.F., and Voss, C., 1987, Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 11, p. 2145-2151, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i011p02145.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2151","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silliman, Stephen E.","contributorId":72130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221538,"text":"5221538 - 1987 - Winter fasting and refeeding effects on urine characteristics in white-tailed deer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T16:57:22.158411","indexId":"5221538","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter fasting and refeeding effects on urine characteristics in white-tailed deer","docAbstract":"

The effects of dietary protein, fasting, and refeeding on urinary characteristics of 9 captive, female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were studied from 23 February to 3 May 1984. Urinary sodium (na) and potassium (K) were diminished in fasted deer after 2 and 4 weeks. Renal excretion of Na and K were lower, whereas urinary phosphorus (P) was higher in fasted deer compared to deer fed high protein-high energy (HPHE) diets. Urinary P excretion of the fasted deer was also greater than in a low protein-high energy (LPHE)-fed group. Urinary area excretion of fasted deer was similar to that of deer fed low and high protein diets. One fasted deer died during the study and exhibited notably high excretion of urea, Na, K, and calcium (Ca). No effects of the 2 levels of dietary protein on urinary characteristics were detected. Urinary Na:C and K:C ratios wer significantly correlated with Na and K intake. Urinalysis has potential as a sensitive means of monitoring the nutritional status of white-tailed deer. Data are presented as reference values for interpretation of data from deer under less controlled circumstances.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801752","usgsCitation":"DelGiudice, G.D., Mech, L., Seal, U.S., and Karns, P.D., 1987, Winter fasting and refeeding effects on urine characteristics in white-tailed deer: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 51, no. 4, p. 860-864, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801752.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"860","endPage":"864","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193420,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Grand Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.65207428367879,\n 47.31904706489547\n ],\n [\n -93.65207428367879,\n 47.0876606986204\n ],\n [\n -93.35544342430391,\n 47.0876606986204\n ],\n [\n -93.35544342430391,\n 47.31904706489547\n ],\n [\n -93.65207428367879,\n 47.31904706489547\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e1dce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DelGiudice, Glenn D.","contributorId":32849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DelGiudice","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David","contributorId":66609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Ulysses S.","contributorId":25494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Ulysses","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karns, Patrick D.","contributorId":39884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karns","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185538,"text":"70185538 - 1987 - Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:24:09","indexId":"70185538","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","docAbstract":"

Long-term groundwater contamination can result from vapors and solutes emanating from organic liquids spilled in the unsaturated zone. The mathematical modeling analysis presented in this paper demonstrates for gasoline-range hydrocarbons, and other volatile organics commonly spilled, that diffusive transport in the unsaturated zone is a significant transport mechanism which can cause aqueous and vapor plumes to spread away from the immiscible liquid source, resulting in increasing groundwater contaminating potential. An analytical solution to a one-dimensional version of the transport model allows for the definition of a retardation coefficient which is dependent on phase-partitioning coefficients and moisture content. Significant differences in migration rates should be anticipated between hydrocarbons. A numerical solution was developed for a radially symmetric version of the model defining transport for a multiconstituent contaminant like gasoline. Differences in anticipated migration rates between aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons was clearly demonstrated. A simulation based on the composition of an actual gasoline revealed that aromatic constituents, although constituting a fraction of the initial gasoline composition, completely defined the groundwater contaminating potential. This potential changes in time as constituents are selectively removed from the unsaturated zone. Further, the groundwater contaminating potential is quite sensitive to the ground surface boundary characterization.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i010p01926","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., 1987, Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 10, p. 1926-1938, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i010p01926.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1926","endPage":"1938","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}