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,{"id":70020320,"text":"70020320 - 1997 - SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:13:31.890188","indexId":"70020320","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.1.190","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P., Fletcher, J.B., Hellweg, M., Boatwright, J., Sullivan, C., Joyner, W.B., Hanks, T.C., Boore, D., McGarr, A., Baker, L., and Lindh, A., 1997, SEA96 - A new predictive relation for earthquake ground motions in extensional tectonic regimes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 190-198, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.190.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf1be4b0c8380cd873c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fletcher, Joe B.","contributorId":8850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hellweg, M.","contributorId":11344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hellweg","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, C.","contributorId":75959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boore, D.M. 0000-0002-8605-9673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-9673","contributorId":64226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baker, L.M.","contributorId":40608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70020165,"text":"70020165 - 1997 - AVHRR imagery used to identify hurricane damage in a forested wetland of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-02T16:46:21","indexId":"70020165","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"AVHRR imagery used to identify hurricane damage in a forested wetland of Louisiana","docAbstract":"Certain events provide a unique opportunity to test the monitoring capability of AVHBR imagery. On 26 August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed through Louisiana, impacting a large area of forested wetlands. One response to the widespread defoliation resulting from the hurricane impact was an abnormal bloom of new leaves and new growth in the underlying vegetation between September and October. To capture this atypical phenology, a time sequence of AVHRR images was transformed into a normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, as an indicator of vegetation changes in the forest impacted by the passage of a hurricane. Using geographic information system functions, three sites in the impacted forest were vectorized as polygons, and the inclusive pixels were extracted for subsequent graphical and univariate statistical analysis. Temporal curves of mean NDVIs for the three sites for before, during, and after the hurricane passage, and aggregate curves of the impacted forest to an undisturbed forest, were compared. These comparisons corroborated the atypical phenology of the impacted forested wetland and directly related the cause to the hurricane passage.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., Chappell, D., and Baldwin, D., 1997, AVHRR imagery used to identify hurricane damage in a forested wetland of Louisiana: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 63, no. 3, p. 293-297.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"297","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"63","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e63de4b0c8380cd47297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah W. III 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":72769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah W.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chappell, D.K.","contributorId":26463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chappell","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, D.G.","contributorId":24939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020333,"text":"70020333 - 1997 - Evidence for retrovirus infections in green turtles Chelonia mydas from the Hawaiian islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T09:47:29","indexId":"70020333","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for retrovirus infections in green turtles Chelonia mydas from the Hawaiian islands","docAbstract":"<p>Apparently normal Hawaiian green turtles Chelonia mydas and those displaying fibropapillomas were analyzed for infection by retroviruses. Strikingly, all samples were positive for polymerase enhanced reverse transcriptase (PERT) with levels high enough to quantitate by the conventional reverse transcriptase (RT) assay. However, samples of skin, even from asymptomatic turtles, were RT positive, although the levels of enzyme activity in healthy turtles hatched and raised in captivity were much lower than those observed in asymptomatic free-ranging turtles. Turtles with fibropapillomas displayed a broad range of reverse transcriptase activity. Skin and eye fibropapillomas and a heart tumor were further analyzed and shown to have reverse transcriptase activity that banded in a sucrose gradient at 1.17 g ml-1. The reverse transcriptase activity purified from the heart tumor displayed a temperature optimum of 37??C and showed a preference for Mn2+ over Mg2+. Sucrose gradient fractions of this sample displaying elevated reverse transcriptase activity contained primarily retrovitalsized particles with prominent envelope spikes, when negatively stained and examined by electron microscopy. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of gradient-purified virions revealed a conserved profile among 4 independent tumors and showed 7 prominent proteins having molecular weights of 116, 83, 51, 43, 40, 20 and 14 kDa. The data suggest that retroviral infections are widespread in Hawaiian green turtles and a comprehensive investigation is warranted to address the possibility that these agents cause green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao031001","issn":"01775103","usgsCitation":"Casey, R., Quackenbush, S., Work, T.M., Balazs, G., Bowser, P., and Casey, J., 1997, Evidence for retrovirus infections in green turtles Chelonia mydas from the Hawaiian islands: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao031001.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao031001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Maui, Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -161.16943359375,\n              21.739091217718574\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.85107421875,\n              22.64443248121717\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.11499023437497,\n              22.471954507739227\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.752685546875,\n              22.004174972902003\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.24755859375,\n              21.330315073431787\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.489501953125,\n              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S.L.","contributorId":87889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quackenbush","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balazs, G.H.","contributorId":45254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balazs","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowser, P.R.","contributorId":17935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casey, J.W.","contributorId":11987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70020155,"text":"70020155 - 1997 - Diatoms in sediments of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, and implications for interpreting lake history in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70020155","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diatoms in sediments of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, and implications for interpreting lake history in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica","docAbstract":"Diatom assemblages in surficial sediments, sediment cores, sediment traps, and inflowing streams of perennially ice-covered Lake Hore, South Victorialand, Antarctica were examined to determine the distribution of diatom taxa, and to ascertain if diatom species composition has changed over time. Lake Hoare is a closed-basin lake with an area of 1.8 km2, maximum depth of 34 m, and mean depth of 14 m, although lake level has been rising at a rate of 0.09 m yr-1 in recent decades. The lake has an unusual regime of sediment deposition: coarse grained sediments accumulate on the ice surface and are deposited episodically on the lake bottom. Benthic microbial mats are covered in situ by the coarse episodic deposits, and the new surfaces are recolonized. Ice cover prevents wind-induced mixing, creating the unique depositional environment in which sediment cores record the history of a particular site, rather than a lake=wide integration. Shallow-water (<1 m) diatom assemblages (Stauroneis anceps, Navicula molesta, Diadesmis contenta var. parallela, Navicula peraustralis) were distinct from mid-depth (4-16 m) assemblages (Diadesmis contenta, Luticola muticopsis fo. reducta, Stauroneis anceps, Diadesmis contenta var. parallela, Luticola murrayi) and deep-water (2-31 m) assemblages (Luticola murrayi, Luticola muticopsis fo. reducta, Navicula molesta. Analysis of a sediment core (30 cm long, from 11 m water depth) from Lake Hoare revealed two abrupt changes in diatom assemblages. The upper section of the sediment core contained the greatest biomass of benthic microbial mat, as well as the greatest total abundance and diversity of diatoms. Relative abundances of diatoms in this section are similar to the surficial samples from mid-depths. An intermediate zone contained less organic material and lower densities of diatoms. The bottom section of core contained the least amount of microbial mat and organic material, and the lowest density of diatoms. The dominant process influencing species composition and abundance of diatom assemblages in the benthic microbial mats is episodic deposition of coarse sediment from the ice surface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007931329881","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Spaulding, S., McKnight, D.M., Stoermer, E.F., and Doran, P., 1997, Diatoms in sediments of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, and implications for interpreting lake history in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 403-420, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007931329881.","startPage":"403","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206096,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007931329881"},{"id":228275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a00aee4b0c8380cd4f86d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spaulding, S. A. 0000-0002-9787-7743","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-7743","contributorId":74390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":385222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoermer, E. F.","contributorId":17773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoermer","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, P.T.","contributorId":52347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020304,"text":"70020304 - 1997 - Upper campanian (upper cretaceous) ammonites from the Marshalltown Formation-Mount laurel boundary beds in Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T00:10:18.989442","indexId":"70020304","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper campanian (upper cretaceous) ammonites from the Marshalltown Formation-Mount laurel boundary beds in Delaware","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>New collections from the Marshalltown Formation and basal Mount Laurel Sand along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal in Delaware clarify the ammonite dating of the interval. The Marshalltown Formation yields<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Pachydiscus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">Pachydiscus</span>) sp.,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Menuites portlocki</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Sharpe, 1855)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">complexus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Hall and Meek, 1856), a subspecies restricted to the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Baculites gregoryensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Baculites scotti</span><span>&nbsp;</span>zones in the Western Interior of the United States, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Didymoceras binodosum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a) known only from the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">B. scotti</span><span>&nbsp;</span>zone of the Western Interior and correlatives in Arkansas and Texas. The basal part of the Mount Laurel Sand contains a complex assemblage preserved as phosphatic molds:<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Nostoceras</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(<span class=\"italic\">Nostoceras</span>)<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">monotuberculatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Kennedy and Cobban, 1993a,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Nostoceras</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(N.) sp.,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Didymoceras platycostatum</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Kennedy and Cobban, 1993b),<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">D. stevensoni</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Whitfield, 1877) (previously thought to be from the Marshalltown) and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Exiteloceras jenneyi</span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Whitfield, 1877). The last two are index species of their eponymous zones in the Western Interior. This sequence is compatible with ammonites from the Wenonah Formation, which lies between the Marshalltown and Mount Laurel to the north and contains ammonites indicative of the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Baculites scotti</span><span>&nbsp;</span>zone, and the fauna from higher in the Mount Laurel Sand, which includes elements of the<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Didymoceras cheyennense</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Baculites compressus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>zones of the Western Interior sequence.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontology Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000038968","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, W.J., and Cobban, W.A., 1997, Upper campanian (upper cretaceous) ammonites from the Marshalltown Formation-Mount laurel boundary beds in Delaware: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 62-73, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000038968.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231130,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd4fe4b08c986b328f67","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, W. J.","contributorId":81873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobban, W. A.","contributorId":21577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70181830,"text":"70181830 - 1997 - A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-14T14:50:17","indexId":"70181830","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Twenty-four Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanni) from 12 litters were anesthetized with either inhaled sevoflurane or isoflurane. With 7% delivered sevoflurane and 5% delivered isoflurane, time to loss of righting reflex (mean +/- SE) with sevoflurane (1.9 +/- 0.1 min) was significantly shorter compared with isoflurane (2.6 +/- 0.1 min). During maintenance at a light plane of anesthesia, systolic arterial pressure was significantly higher with sevoflurane (83 +/- 2 mm Hg) compared with isoflurane (66 +/- 2 mm Hg), and heart rate was significantly lower with sevoflurane (191 +/- 3 beats/min) compared with isoflurane (204 +/- 3 beats/min). There was no difference in respiratory rate jugular venous pH, pCO3, HCO3-, base excess, or recovery of righting reflex. Induction of anesthesia is more rapid and blood pressure is better maintained with sevoflurane compared with isoflurane; therefore, sevoflurane may be less stressful and safer. Inhaled sevoflurane should be an appropriate anesthetic for black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) in laboratory and field conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Gaynor, J.S., Wimsatt, J., Mallinckrodt, C., and Biggins, D.E., 1997, A comparison of sevoflurane and isoflurane for short-term anesthesia in polecats (Mustela eversmanni): Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 28, no. 3, p. 274-282.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"274","endPage":"282","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a42547e4b0c825128ad4c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaynor, J. S.","contributorId":181588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaynor","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wimsatt, J.","contributorId":78289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wimsatt","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mallinckrodt, C.","contributorId":181589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mallinckrodt","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, D. E.","contributorId":8781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180420,"text":"70180420 - 1997 - Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180420,"text":"70180420 - 1997 - Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>","indexId":"70180420","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":25002,"text":"pp1574 - 1997 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","indexId":"pp1574","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":25002,"text":"pp1574 - 1997 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995","indexId":"pp1574","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:13:15","indexId":"70180420","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"title":"Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Calcareous rocks of Kinderhookian (early Early Mississippian) age are widely distributed across the Howard Pass quadrangle in the western Brooks Range. Most occur in the lower part of the Lisburne Group (herein called the Rough Mountain Creek unit) and the upper part of the Endicott Group (Kayak Shale) in two sequences (Key Creek and Aniuk River) of the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Kinderhookian strata are also found in the Kelly River allochthon (Utukok Formation?) and in sections of uncertain stratigraphic affinity and structural level spatially associated with mafic volcanic rocks.</span></p><p><span>Predominant Kinderhookian lithologies in the Lisburne Group are skeletal supportstone (rich in pelmatozoans, bryozoans, and brachiopods) and lesser spiculite; skeletal supportstone and calcarenite are the chief calcareous rock types in the Kayak Shale. Conodont and brachiopod faunas indicate that all of the Rough Mountain Creek unit and much of the Kayak Shale in the study area are of late Kinderhookian age. Lithologic and paleontologic data suggest that Kinderhookian strata in the Howard Pass quadrangle were deposited largely in inner- and middle-shelf settings with normal marine salinity and locally high energy. Overall, calcareous beds in the Rough Mountain Creek unit accumulated in a wider range of environments, less subject to siliciclastic input, than did calcareous beds in the Kayak, and Kinderhookian beds of both units in the Key Creek sequence formed in less diverse, somewhat shallower environments than correlative rocks in the Aniuk River sequence. Lithofacies patterns and contact relations imply that decreased siliciclastic influx, perhaps accompanied by relative sea-level rise, initiated deposition of the Rough Mountain Creek unit; relative sea-level rise and concurrent circulatory restriction most likely ended its deposition.</span></p><p><span>Kinderhookian calcareous rocks in the Howard Pass quadrangle have several implications for middle Paleozoic paleogeography of the western Brooks Range. First, sequences of the Endicott Mountains allochthon that contain the Rough Mountain Creek unit contrast sharply with other sequences included in this allochthon that contain thicker and younger Carboniferous platform carbonate successions. These differences in stratigraphic succession suggest significant shortening within the Endicott Mountains allochthon. Second, Kinderhookian calcareous rocks in the Howard Pass quadrangle may have been a secondary source for carbonate turbidites of the Rim Butte unit (Ipnavik allochthon).</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995 (Professional Paper 1574)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70180420","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Harris, A.G., 1997, Kinderhookian (Lower Mississippian) calcareous rocks of the Howard Pass quadrangle, western Brooks Range: A section in <i>Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1995</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180420.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"268","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1574/pp1574_report.pdf#page=249","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range, Howard Pass quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -159,\n              68\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef5e4b072a7ac0cad5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Anita G.","contributorId":50162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Anita","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020200,"text":"70020200 - 1997 - Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:23:18","indexId":"70020200","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply","docAbstract":"Reserve growth is a major component of the remaining U.S. natural gas resources. Historical data support this premise, as do estimates of technically recoverable and of economically recoverable gas resources remaining in the U.S. However, reserve growth is still poorly understood. Hence, much work remains to be done on the phenomenon of reserve growth.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J.W., and Attanasi, E.D., 1997, Reserve growth important to U.S. gas supply: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 95, no. 4, p. 95-96.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"96","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351791,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-95/issue-4/in-this-issue/exploration/reserve-growth-important-to-us-gas-supply.html"}],"country":"United States","volume":"95","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa94ae4b0c8380cd85d0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, James W.","contributorId":52171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":193092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020187,"text":"70020187 - 1997 - Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:19","indexId":"70020187","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3086,"text":"Plant Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history","docAbstract":"Three subpopulations of Ferocactus cylindraceus, a short-columnar cactus of the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, were sampled in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, at sites representing a range of substrate ages and different grazing histories. Age-height relations were determined from annual growth, then used to estimate probable year of establishment for each cohort. Eight years between 1944 and 1992 were especially favorable for establishment. Six of these 8 years coincided with El Nino-Southern Oscillation conditions, indicating that as for many woody plants in arid regions, somewhat unusual climatic conditions are necessary if populations are to replace themselves. Comparison of age structures showed that established and developing populations have somewhat different dynamics in that the rate of population increase was slowest on the youngest terrace. On the ancient terraces, about half the plants were less than 25 years old. Plants older than 40 years were few; however the oldest plants in the study (about 49 years) grew on the ancient terraces. On the recent terrace, 76% of the subpopulation was 25 years or younger, and the oldest living plant was about 36 years of age. The age structures of subpopulations on grazed and ungrazed sites also differed markedly. On ungrazed sites, subpopulations were more or less at equilibrium, with enough young plants to replace old ones as they died. In contrast, the subpopulation on the grazed site was in a state of marked disequilibrium. Grazing before 1981 largely extirpated a palatable subshrub that was probably an important nurse plant. Until the shrub population at Indian Canyon recovers from decades of burro grazing, a rebound in E cylindraceus establishment is not to be expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Plant Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1009767621391","issn":"13850237","usgsCitation":"Bowers, J.E., 1997, Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history: Plant Ecology, v. 133, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009767621391.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206947,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009767621391"},{"id":231318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe82e4b0c8380cd4ed7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Janice E.","contributorId":18119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020134,"text":"70020134 - 1997 - Models and methods to characterize site amplification from a pair of records","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-28T16:00:07.148868","indexId":"70020134","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models and methods to characterize site amplification from a pair of records","docAbstract":"The paper presents a tutorial review of the models and methods that are used to characterize site amplification from the pairs of rock- and soil-site records, and introduces some new techniques with better theoretical foundations. The models and methods discussed include spectral and cross-spectral ratios, spectral ratios for downhole records, response spectral ratios, constant amplification factors, parametric models, physical models, and time-varying filters. An extensive analytical and numerical error analysis of spectral and cross-spectral ratios shows that probabilistically cross-spectral ratios give more reliable estimates of site amplification. Spectral ratios should not be used to determine site amplification from downhole-surface recording pairs because of the feedback in the downhole sensor. Response spectral ratios are appropriate for low frequencies, but overestimate the amplification at high frequencies. The best method to be used depends on how much precision is required in the estimates.","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/1.1585934","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1997, Models and methods to characterize site amplification from a pair of records: Earthquake Spectra, v. 13, no. 1, p. 97-129, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585934.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227957,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c7ae4b0c8380cd6fd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182062,"text":"70182062 - 1997 - Maps of the shallow shelf off the Florida Keys (subsurface bedrock topography, overlying reefs and sediments, benthic habitats)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-12T14:57:41","indexId":"70182062","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Maps of the shallow shelf off the Florida Keys (subsurface bedrock topography, overlying reefs and sediments, benthic habitats)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"SeaCamp Association","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., 1997, Maps of the shallow shelf off the Florida Keys (subsurface bedrock topography, overlying reefs and sediments, benthic habitats), p. 71-73.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-022405","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":7,"text":"Ft. Lauderdale PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dade4b0eed1ab8e3bec","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gallagher, D.","contributorId":42803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallagher","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690779,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":669432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184291,"text":"70184291 - 1997 - Survival of spectacled eider adult females and ducklings during brood rearing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T17:55:01","indexId":"70184291","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of spectacled eider adult females and ducklings during brood rearing","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied survival of adult female and duckling spectacled eiders (<i>Somateria fischeri</i>) during brood rearing on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska from 1993 to 1995. Duckling survival to 30 days of age averaged 34% with a 95% confidence interval from 25 to 47%. Half (49%) of radiomarked adult females had lost all their ducklings by 30 days after hatch. Most (74%) duckling mortality occurred in the first 10 days. Adult female survival during the first 30 days of brood rearing was 93 ± 3% (SE). Females died from lead poisoning, as a result of ingesting lead shot, and predation. Mortality of adult females during brood rearing is probably higher than during other times of the year. Low adult female survival during the breeding season may be contributing to the overall population decline of spectacled eiders.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802430","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1997, Survival of spectacled eider adult females and ducklings during brood rearing: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 61, no. 1, p. 217-221, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802430.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"221","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802430","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336911,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"61","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020140,"text":"70020140 - 1997 - Carbon isotopes in biological carbonates: Respiration and photosynthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T23:20:30.71411","indexId":"70020140","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotopes in biological carbonates: Respiration and photosynthesis","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>Respired carbon dioxide is an important constituent in the carbonates of most air breathing animals but is much less important in the carbonates of most aquatic animals. This difference is illustrated using carbon isotope data from freshwater and terrestrial snails, ahermatypic corals, and chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic pelecypods. Literature data from fish otoliths and bird and mammal shell and bone carbonates are also considered.</p><p>Environmental CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios appear to be the major controlling variable. Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios are about thirty times lower than in most natural waters, hence air breathing animals absorb less environmental CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in the course of obtaining 0<sub>2</sub>. Tissue CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>therefore, does not isotopically equilibrate with environmental CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>as thoroughly in air breathers as in aquatic animals, and this is reflected in skeletal carbonates. Animals having efficient oxygen transport systems, such as vertebrates, also accumulate more respired CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in their tissues.</p><p>Photosynthetic corals calcify mainly during the daytime when photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>uptake is several times faster than respiratory CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>release. Photosynthesis, therefore, affects skeletal<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C more strongly than does respiration. Corals also illustrate how “metabolic” effects on skeletal isotopic composition can be estimated, despite the presence of much larger “kinetic” isotope effects.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00361-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"McConnaughey, T., Burdett, J., Whelan, J.F., and Paull, C.K., 1997, Carbon isotopes in biological carbonates: Respiration and photosynthesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 3, p. 611-622, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00361-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"622","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ash Meadows, Spring Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  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T.A.","contributorId":105444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConnaughey","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdett, J.","contributorId":103019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdett","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020117,"text":"70020117 - 1997 - Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T23:38:51.894114","indexId":"70020117","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds","docAbstract":"<p>Ten carbonados from Central Africa were studied for U-Th-Pb systematics. To extract U, Th, and Pb from the samples, we developed a cold combustion technique wherein diamond was burnt in liquid oxygen. The technique gave low blanks; 25–50 pg for Pb, 3 pg for U, and 5 pg for Th. After very thorough acid treatments of the carbonados with hot HNO<sub>3</sub>, HF, and HCl over one week, most of U, Th, and Pb were removed from the samples. Lead in the acid-leached diamonds was highly radiogenic (<sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb up to 470). However, the amounts of U and Th in the acid-leached diamonds are too low to account for the radiogenic Pb even if we assume 4.5 Ga for the age of the diamonds. Therefore, we conclude that the radiogenic Pb was implanted into the diamonds from surroundings by means of recoil energy of radioactive decays of U and Th. From the radiogenic lead isotopic composition, we estimate a minimum age of 2.6 Ga and a maximum age of 3.8 Ga for the formation of the carbonados.</p><p>The above findings of the implantation of recoiled radiogenic Pb into carbonados is consistent with the process of radiation-induced crystallization which was proposed for carbonado by Kaminsky (1987). We show from some theoretical considerations that when highly energetic particles, such as those emitted from radioactive decay of U and Th, interact with carbonaceous materials, they give rise to cascades of atomic disturbance (over regions of about a few nanometer), and the disturbed atoms are likely to recrystallize to form micro-diamonds because of increasing surface energy due to small size.</p><p>The radiation-induced diamond formation mechanism may be relevant to the origin of nano-diamonds in primitive meteorites.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Ozima, M., and Tatsumoto, M., 1997, Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nano-diamonds: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, no. 2, p. 369-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00346-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              8.72365452743216,\n              15.21192179474727\n            ],\n            [\n              8.72365452743216,\n              -10.179197368424113\n            ],\n            [\n              34.729452578299686,\n              -10.179197368424113\n            ],\n            [\n              34.729452578299686,\n              15.21192179474727\n            ],\n            [\n              8.72365452743216,\n              15.21192179474727\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9396e4b0c8380cd80eff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ozima, M.","contributorId":49539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozima","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020141,"text":"70020141 - 1997 - A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:19","indexId":"70020141","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2990,"text":"Pacific Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts","docAbstract":"An approach for calculating bird densities from variable circular-plot counts is described. The approach differs from previous methods in that data from several surveys are pooled and detection distances are adjusted as if all distances were recorded by a single observer under a given set of field conditions. Adjustments for covariates that affect detection distances such as observer, weather, time of day, and vegetation type are made using coefficients calculated by multiple linear regression. The effective area surveyed under standard conditions is calculated from the pooled data set and then used to determine the effective area surveyed at each sampling station under the actual conditions when the station was sampled. The method was validated in two field studies where the density of birds could be determined by independent methods. Computer software for entering and analyzing data by this method is described.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00308870","usgsCitation":"Fancy, S., 1997, A new approach for analyzing bird densities from variable circular-plot counts: Pacific Science, v. 51, no. 1, p. 107-114.","startPage":"107","endPage":"114","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228041,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e49be4b0c8380cd4676c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fancy, S.G.","contributorId":8957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fancy","given":"S.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020166,"text":"70020166 - 1997 - Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020166","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?","docAbstract":"Velocity observations from a vertical stack of three-component Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADVs) within the energetic surf-zone are presented. Rapid temporal sampling and small sampling volume provide observations suitable for investigation of the role of turbulent fluctuations in surf-zone dynamics. While sensor performance was good, failure to recover reliable measures of tilt from the vertical compromise the data value. We will present some cursory observations supporting the ADV performance, and examine the sensitivity of stress estimates to uncertainty in the sensor orientation. It is well known that turbulent stress estimates are highly sensitive to orientation relative to vertical when wave motions are dominant. Analyses presented examine the potential to use observed flow-field characteristics to constrain sensor orientation. Results show that such an approach may provide a consistent orientation to a fraction of a degree, but the inherent sensitivity of stress estimates requires a still more restrictive constraint. Regardless, the observations indicate the degree to which stress estimates are dependent on orientation, and provide some indication of the temporal variability in time-averaged stress estimates.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1996 25th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. Part 1 (of 4)","conferenceDate":"2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996","conferenceLocation":"Orlando, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","usgsCitation":"Haines, J.W., and Gelfenbaum, G., 1997, Turbulent stresses in the surf-zone: Which way is up?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 3, Orlando, FL, USA, 2 September 1996 through 6 September 1996, p. 3453-3466.","startPage":"3453","endPage":"3466","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb8f5e4b08c986b327b3e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, B.L","contributorId":111972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"B.L","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508691,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Haines, John W. 0000-0002-6475-8924 jhaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8924","contributorId":509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"John","email":"jhaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy","contributorId":79844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020271,"text":"70020271 - 1997 - Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:15","indexId":"70020271","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA","docAbstract":"The stable isotopic records of ostracode valves deposited during the last interglaciation in Raymond Basin, Illinois, have ??13C and ??18O values as high as +16.5??? and +9.2??? respectively, the highest values yet reported from continental ostracodal calcite. Located in south-central Illinois, Raymond, Pittsburgh, Bald Knob, and Hopwood Farm basins collectively have yielded important long pollen and ostracode records that date from about 130 000 years ago to the present. Although fossils from the present-day interglaciation are not well preserved, these records constitute the only described, conformable, fossiliferous successions of this age from the interior of glaciated North America. The high ??13C values from Raymond Basin are attributed to the residual effects of methane loss either by ebullition or by emission through the stems of senescent emergent aquatic vegetation. A mass balance model suggests that an increase in ??13C of dissolved inorganic carbon on the order of +15??? is possible within a few hours given modest rates of methanogenesis of about 0.02 mol m-2 d-1. The ??13C records from other studies of ostracode valves have values approaching, but not exceeding about +14??? suggesting a limiting value to ???13C enrichment due to simultaneous inputs and outputs of dissolved inorganic carbon. Values of ??18O in ostracodal calcite are quite variable (-4 to +9???) in sediment from the late Sangamon subepisode. A model of isotopic enrichment in a desiccating water body implies that a reduction in reservoir volume of 20% could produce this range of isotopic values. High humidity and evaporation probably account for most of the ??18O variability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007964917875","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Curry, B.B., Anderson, T., and Lohmann, K., 1997, Unusual carbon and oxygen isotropic ratios of ostracodal calcite from last interglacial (Sangamon episode) lacustrine sediment in Raymond Basin, Illinois, USA: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 421-435, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007964917875.","startPage":"421","endPage":"435","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206922,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007964917875"},{"id":231247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbcfae4b08c986b328e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curry, B. Brandon","contributorId":104224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brandon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T.F.","contributorId":71345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lohmann, K.C.","contributorId":20472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohmann","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020132,"text":"70020132 - 1997 - Long-period seismicity at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, 1989-1990 related to magma degassing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020132","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-period seismicity at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, 1989-1990 related to magma degassing","docAbstract":"The mass of exsolved magmatic H2O is estimated and compared to the mass of superheated steam (25-50 Mtons) released through the resonating crack producing the December 13-14, 1989 swarm of long-period seismic events at Redoubt Volcano. Results indicate degassing of a H2O-CO2-SO2-saturated magma upon ascending from at least 12 km to 3-4 km beneath the crater as the source of the superheated steam. The mass of exsolved H2O (3.2-250 Mtons) is estimated from solubility diagrams of H2O-CO2-saturated silicate melts for the ascent history of the Redoubt magmas. Crystal size distribution, seismological, petrological, and geochemical data are used to constrain the ascent history of the two andesitic magmas prior to the eruption. Two stages of crystallization are inferred from crystal size distributions of plagioclase crystals in andesites erupted in December 1989. The first stage occurred 30-150 years before the eruption in both magmas and the second stage occurred at least 8 years and 15 years before the eruption in the dacitic andesite and rhyolitic andesite, respectively. The depths of crystallization are constrained from the spatial and temporal variations of volcano-tectonic earthquakes locations (Lahr et al., 1994) and from the P-wave and S-wave velocity structures (Benz et al., 1996). These data suggest that the rhyolitic andesite magma ascended to a depth of 7-8 km within at least 15 years of the eruption. Within at least 8 years of the eruption, the dacitic andesite magma migrated to a depth just below the other magma body where it resided until hours to days of the eruption. At this time, the dacitic andesite magma mixed with the rhyolitic andesite magma and established the reservoir for the eruption. Near the top of the reservoir, some of the mixed magma was displaced into fractures which extended 4-5 km toward the surface. This displaced magma created the eruption conduit and released the fluids related to the resonating crack. This scenario is consistent with the trends in major-and trace-element chemistry, and the stability of hornblende in the pre-eruption Redoubt magmas. It also provides a source for the SO2 and CO2 emissions measured during the eruption.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Morrissey, M., 1997, Long-period seismicity at Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, 1989-1990 related to magma degassing: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 75, no. 3-4, p. 321-335.","startPage":"321","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a496fe4b0c8380cd685db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morrissey, M.M.","contributorId":41477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020125,"text":"70020125 - 1997 - Strontium isotopic geochemistry of the Devils Lake drainage system, North Dakota: A preliminary study and potential paleoclimatic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T12:51:34","indexId":"70020125","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2411,"text":"Journal of Paleolimnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium isotopic geochemistry of the Devils Lake drainage system, North Dakota: A preliminary study and potential paleoclimatic implications","docAbstract":"A series of water samples (precipitation, surface water and ground water) from the Devils Lake drainage basin in central North Dakota have been analyzed for their ??180 and ??D and 87Sr/86Sr. The ??180 and ??D of snow and most ground water samples fall near the meteoric water line, with the ground water being isotopically heavier than the snow, indicating that a portion of the recharge must come from non-winter precipitation events. One ground water and all the surface water samples fall below the meteoric water line, demonstrating extensive evaporation. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the snow is more radiogenic than those of the ground water samples, indicating that the ground water has increased its 86Sr content by the dissolution of mafic rock in the aquifer. Stump Lake has a much inure radiogenic Sr isotopic ratio than the waters of Devils Lake suggesting a source of water different from that of Devils Lake. The East Stump Lake water, on the other hand, appears to be either a mix of Devils Lake and Stump Lake waters, or Devils Lake water diluted with precipitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Paleolimnology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1007913718664","issn":"09212728","usgsCitation":"Lent, R., Gaudette, H., and Lyons, W., 1997, Strontium isotopic geochemistry of the Devils Lake drainage system, North Dakota: A preliminary study and potential paleoclimatic implications: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 147-154, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007913718664.","startPage":"147","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205993,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007913718664"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9bb7e4b08c986b31d050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaudette, H.E.","contributorId":84932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaudette","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020139,"text":"70020139 - 1997 - Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:20","indexId":"70020139","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas","docAbstract":"Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and Asiatic clams, Corbicula fluminea (MuLLER), were deployed at stream sites in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area to assess the presence of bioavailable, dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twenty-four PAHs were detected in SPMDs, 20 of which occurred at all sites. Only three PAHs were detected in the co-deployed clams. Throughout all sites, non-alkylated PAHs were found at greater levels in SPMDs than alkylated forms. Nine of 16 Priority Pollutant PAHs were detected in SPMDs. Estimated concentrations of PAHs in water were generally two to three orders of magnitude less than standard minimum analytical reporting levels; however, for bent (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene, and chrysene, estimated concentrations in water exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's human health criteria for these carcinogens in water and aquatic organisms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8","issn":"00456535","usgsCitation":"Moring, J., and Rose, D., 1997, Occurrence and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas: Chemosphere, v. 34, no. 3, p. 551-566, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8.","startPage":"551","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206037,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00391-8"},{"id":228003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b2de4b0c8380cd74567","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moring, J.B.","contributorId":89165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, D.R.","contributorId":62771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020109,"text":"70020109 - 1997 - Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-28T16:29:42.241608","indexId":"70020109","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region","docAbstract":"A stochastic model is used to develop preliminary ground motion relations for the Cascadia region for rock sites. The model parameters are derived from empirical analyses of seismographic data from the Cascadia region. The model is based on a Brune point-source characterized by a stress parameter of 50 bars. The model predictions are compared to ground-motion data from the Cascadia region and to data from large earthquakes in other subduction zones. The point-source simulations match the observations from moderate events (M < 7) in the Cascadia region. The simulations predict a steeper attenuation than observed for very large subduction events (M ??? 7.5) in other regions; motions are overpredicted near the earthquake source and underpredicted at large distances (>100 km). The discrepancy at large magnitudes suggests further work on modeling finite-fault effects and regional attenuation is warranted. In the meantime, the preliminary equations are satisfactory for predicting motions from events of M < 7 and provide conservative estimates of motions from larger events at distances less than 100 km.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.68.1.74","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D.M., 1997, Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region: Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 74-85, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.68.1.74.","productDescription":"12 p,","startPage":"74","endPage":"85","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              42.202387991274804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.759124118769,\n              42.202387991274804\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.759124118769,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.4115268298872,\n              54.611818856599086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b984de4b08c986b31bf70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, G. M.","contributorId":69283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":385055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020150,"text":"70020150 - 1997 - Assessing hydrogeochemical heterogeneity in natural and constructed wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T06:49:06","indexId":"70020150","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing hydrogeochemical heterogeneity in natural and constructed wetlands","docAbstract":"While 'water quality function' is cited as an important wetland function to design for and preserve, we demonstrate that the scale at which hydrochemical samples are collected can significantly influence interpretations of biogeochemical processes in wetlands. Subsurface, chemical profiles for both nutrients and major ions were determined at a site in southwestern Wisconsin that contained areas of both natural and constructed wetlands. Sampling was conducted on three different scales: (1) a large scale (3 m between sampling points), (2) an intermediate scale (0.15 m between sampling points), and (3) a small scale (1.5 cm between sampling points). In most cases, significant vertical heterogeneity was observed at the 0.15 m scale, which was much larger than previously reported for freshwater wetlands and not detected by sampling water table wells screened over the same interval. However, profiles of ammonia and total phosphorus showed tenfold changes in the upper 0.2 meters of the saturated zone when sampled at the small (1.5 cm) scale, that was not depicted by sampling at the intermediate scale. At the intermediate scale of observation, one constructed wetland site differed geochemically from the natural wetlands and the other constructed wetland site due to application of off-site salvaged marsh surface and downward infiltration of rain. While important differences in dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations existed between the constructed wetland and the natural wetlands, we also observed substantial differences between the natural wetland sites for these constituents. A median-polishing analysis of our data showed that temporal variations in constituent concentrations within profiles, although extensively recognized in the literature, were not as important as spatial variability.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1005889319205","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Krabbenhoft, D., and Anderson, M.P., 1997, Assessing hydrogeochemical heterogeneity in natural and constructed wetlands: Biogeochemistry, v. 39, no. 3, p. 271-293, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005889319205.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"293","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206074,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005889319205"},{"id":228194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edd8e4b0c8380cd49a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, R. J.","contributorId":40164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Marilyn P.","contributorId":102970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020156,"text":"70020156 - 1997 - Streptognathodus isolatus new species (Conodonta): Proposed index for the Carboniferous-Permian boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-07T00:13:13.235057","indexId":"70020156","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streptognathodus isolatus new species (Conodonta): Proposed index for the Carboniferous-Permian boundary","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"text-abstract\"><p>Davydov et al. (1995) recently proposed the Aidaralash Creek section in northern Kazakhstan (Figures 2 and 3) as the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Permian System. The proposed boundary is the level in an evolutionary sequence where<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Streptognathodus wabaunsensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Gunnell gives rise to a descendent with an isolated node field on the inside of the upper platform surface. This morphotype constitutes a new and distinct species for which we propose the name<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Streptognathodus isolatus</span><span>&nbsp;</span>new species.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000039068","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Chernykh, V., Ritter, S., and Wardlaw, B.R., 1997, Streptognathodus isolatus new species (Conodonta): Proposed index for the Carboniferous-Permian boundary: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 162-164, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000039068.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b4be4b08c986b31cdae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chernykh, V.V.","contributorId":106275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chernykh","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ritter, S.M.","contributorId":41167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritter","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wardlaw, B. R.","contributorId":9269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020149,"text":"70020149 - 1997 - Mapping the radon potential of the united states: Examples from the Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:17","indexId":"70020149","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1997","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping the radon potential of the united states: Examples from the Appalachians","docAbstract":"The geologic radon potential of the United States was recently assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Results indicate that approximately 33% of the U.S. population lives within geologic provinces where the average indoor radon levels have the potential to be greater than 4 pCi/L (147 Bq/m3). Rock types most commonly associated with high indoor radon include: 1) Uraniferous metamorphosed sediments, volcanics, and granite intrusives, especially those that are highly deformed or sheared. 2) Glacial deposits derived from uranium-bearing rocks and sediments. 3) Carboniferous, black shales. 4) Soils derived from carbonate rock, especially in karstic terrain. 5) Uraniferous fluvial, deltaic, marine, and lacustrine deposits. Different geologic terrains of the eastern United States illustrate some of the problems inherent in correlating indoor radon with geology. The Central and Southern Appalachian Highlands of the eastern United States have not been glaciated and most soils there are saprolitic, derived directly from the underlying bedrock. Regression analyses of bedrock geologic and radon parameters yield positive correlations (R > 0.5 to 0.9) and indicate that bedrock geology can account for a significant portion of the indoor radon variation. In glaciated areas of the United States such as the northern Appalachian Highlands and Appalachian Plateau, the correlation of bedrock geology to indoor radon is obscured or is positive only in certain cases. In these glaciated areas of the country, it is the type, composition, thickness, and permeability of glacial deposits, rather than the bedrock geology, that controls the radon source.","largerWorkTitle":"Environment International","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 6th International Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment, NRE","conferenceDate":"5 June 1995 through 9 June 1995","conferenceLocation":"Montreal, Can","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Ltd","publisherLocation":"Oxford, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00190-0","issn":"01604120","usgsCitation":"Gundersen, L., and Schumann, R., 1997, Mapping the radon potential of the united states: Examples from the Appalachians, <i>in</i> Environment International, v. 22, no. SUPPL. 1, Montreal, Can, 5 June 1995 through 9 June 1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00190-0.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":499892,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/b023d5d046414367ac5c9cfedddfb12a","text":"External Repository"},{"id":206065,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(96)00190-0"},{"id":228159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"SUPPL. 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5086e4b0c8380cd6b742","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hopke P.K.","contributorId":128435,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hopke P.K.","id":536460,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gundersen, L.C.S.","contributorId":24501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gundersen","given":"L.C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumann, R.R.","contributorId":14429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}