The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), on behalf of the Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP), conducted an evaluation of the Fire Science Exchange Network (FSEN), which connects wildland fire scientists and practitioners through 15 individual exchanges across the United States to help address complex wildfire needs and challenges. The study was divided into two phases: The first phase was a literature review and synthesis from materials provided by the JFSP Board. Phase two, informed by the JFSP review, was an online survey sent to more than 16,000 exchange network users compiled from the electronic mailing lists for each exchange. Respondents were asked their opinions on the importance, quality, and delivery of information for 16 key fire science topics, the prioritization of FSEN objectives, and from where and to what extent respondents are gathering information on key topics. Overall, respondents believed that sharing information and building relationships are the most important objectives of the FSEN. Respondents believed the exchange network is successful in delivering information for many of the key science topics (for example, fire behavior, prescribed fire, firefighter safety, and incident management); gaps were identified in scientific resources available for some topics (for example, economic impacts, social science and human dimensions, Indigenous knowledge). Most respondents participated in one to two exchanges and relied heavily on their respondent location (the exchange in which they primarily live and [or] work) for information. Respondents also often relied on external sources outside of the exchange network. Regional patterns emerged in information gathering whereby respondents from exchanges in the western United States (for example, Northern Rockies, Southern Rockies, and Northwest) and respondents from exchanges in the eastern United States (for example, Southern, Oak Woodlands, and Tallgrass) frequently gathered information from each other.
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Cropland products are of great importance in water and food security assessments, especially in South Asia, which is home to nearly 2 billion people and 230 million hectares of net cropland area. In South Asia, croplands account for about 90% of all human water use. Cropland extent, cropping intensity, crop watering methods, and crop types are important factors that have a bearing on the quantity, quality, and location of production. Currently, cropland products are produced using mainly coarse-resolution (250–1000 m) remote sensing data. As multiple cropland products are needed to address food and water security challenges, our study was aimed at producing three distinct products that would be useful overall in South Asia. The first of these, Product 1, was meant to assess irrigated versus rainfed croplands in South Asia using Landsat 30 m data on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The second, Product 2, was tailored for major crop types using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 m data. The third, Product 3, was designed for cropping intensity (single, double, and triple cropping) using MODIS 250 m data. For the kharif season (the main cropping season in South Asia, Jun–Oct), 10 major crops (5 irrigated crops: rice, soybean, maize, sugarcane, cotton; and 5 rainfed crops: pulses, rice, sorghum, millet, groundnut) were mapped. For the rabi season (post-rainy season, Nov–Feb), five major crops (three irrigated crops: rice, wheat, maize; and two rainfed crops: chickpea, pulses) were mapped. The irrigated versus rainfed 30 m product showed an overall accuracy of 79.8% with the irrigated cropland class providing a producer’s accuracy of 79% and the rainfed cropland class 74%. The overall accuracy demonstrated by the cropping intensity product was 85.3% with the producer’s accuracies of 88%, 85%, and 67% for single, double, and triple cropping, respectively. Crop types were mapped to accuracy levels ranging from 72% to 97%. A comparison of the crop-type area statistics with national statistics explained 63–98% variability. The study produced multiple-cropland products that are crucial for food and water security assessments, modeling, mapping, and monitoring using multiple-satellite sensor big-data, and Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithms by coding, processing, and computing on the GEE cloud.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15481603.2022.2088651","usgsCitation":"Gumma, M., Thenkabail, P., Panjala, P., Teluguntla, P., Yamano, T., and Mohammad, I., 2022, Multiple agricultural cropland products of South Asia developed using Landsat-8 30 m and MODIS 250 m data using machine learning on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud and spectral matching techniques (SMTs) in support of food and water security: GIScience & Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 1, p. 1048-1077, https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2022.2088651.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1077","ipdsId":"IP-135578","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15481603.2022.2088651","text":"Publisher Index 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Murali Krishna","contributorId":294754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[{"id":39044,"text":"The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad 0000-0002-2182-8822","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":220239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panjala, Pranay","contributorId":294756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Panjala","given":"Pranay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39044,"text":"The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi","contributorId":294758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teluguntla","given":"Pardhasaradhi","affiliations":[{"id":63639,"text":"Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI) @ USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yamano, Takashi","contributorId":294759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yamano","given":"Takashi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63641,"text":"Asian Development Bank (ADB)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mohammad, Ismail","contributorId":294760,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohammad","given":"Ismail","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7069,"text":"International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70233233,"text":"70233233 - 2022 - Martian gully activity and the gully sediment transport system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T12:01:29.241941","indexId":"70233233","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-13T06:55:17","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Martian gully activity and the gully sediment transport system","docAbstract":"The formation process for Martian gullies is a critical unknown for understanding recent climate conditions. Leading hypotheses include formation by snowmelt in a past climate, or formation via currently active CO2 frost processes. This paper presents an expanded catalog of >300 recent flows in gullies. The results indicate that sediment transport in current gully flows moves the full range of materials needed for gully formation. New flows are more likely to transport boulders in gullies that have pre-existing boulder-covered aprons, indicating that current flows are transporting the same materials required for gully formation overall. The distribution of gully activity frequencies can be described by a power law and indicates that the recurrence intervals for flows in individual gullies are commonly tens to hundreds of Mars years. Over the last ~300 kyr, climate variations have been modest but individual gullies have had tens to thousands of flow events. This could be sufficient to account for the entirety of gully formation in some cases, although the same processes are likely to have occurred further in the past. For any gullies that may have initiated under higher-obliquity conditions, this level of recent activity indicates that the observable morphology has been shaped by CO2-driven flows. These observations of sediment transport and the tempo of gully activity are consistent with gully formation entirely by CO2 frost processes, likely with spatial and temporal variability, but with no role required for liquid water.
Sediment budgets are fundamentally important for planetary science. However, only one primary method, based on remote sensing, is currently available for determining extraterrestrial sediment budgets. For determining sediment budgets on Earth, both in-situ and remote sensing methods are available. Despite the widespread use of the two methods, there has been surprisingly little research on how well the sediment budgets produced by these two approaches reconcile with one another, which highlights the lack of quantitative understanding of errors for sediment budgets measured with remote sensing in planetary research. Therefore, there is a general need to expand our knowledge of sediment budgets. Here we use a background review and analog case study of an aeolian dunefield in Grand Canyon, Earth to frame a path forward for addressing shortcomings of remote sensing sediment budgets on Mars. We estimate a 53% percent difference in the sediment budget determined with remote sensing relative to in-situ methods for a simple endmember scenario of a dunefield within a unimodal wind directional regime and no external sediment supply. However, when we incorporated key sources of uncertainty in remote sensing change detection following methods commonly used by geomorphologists on Earth, the estimates of sediment budget differences relative to the in-situ method spanned a much larger range, from 3% to 138%. Our case study also suggests that sediment budget errors could be much larger under more complex wind direction, sediment supply, and physiographic settings, and that variability in those landscape characteristics might be used to better estimate errors for dunefield sediment budgets. We conclude that by comparing sediment budgets derived from in-situ measurements of sediment fluxes and from remote sensing measurements at many more analog sites on Earth, the aeolian research community, and the geomorphology discipline, could gain an understanding of the errors of the remote sensing method, which is used by investigators on other planetary bodies such as Mars. This could improve the ability to quantify sediment budgets on Mars – and, in the future, other planetary environments where high-resolution topographic data are available – as well as directly improve our ability to interpret extraterrestrial landscape evolution related to climate, weather, and geologic history.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117682","usgsCitation":"Sankey, J., Kasprak, A., Chojnacki, M., Titus, T.N., Caster, J., and DeBenedetto, G., 2022, Can we accurately estimate sediment budgets on Mars?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 593, 117682, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117682.","productDescription":"117682, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137953","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117682","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P971IOAI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Sediment budget data for Lees Ferry dune field, February-May 2019"},{"id":407376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"593","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sankey, Joel B. 0000-0003-3150-4992","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-4992","contributorId":261248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sankey","given":"Joel B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kasprak, Alan 0000-0001-8184-6128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-6128","contributorId":245742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kasprak","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":49307,"text":"Current: Utah State University. Former: Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chojnacki, Matthew 0000-0001-8497-8994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-8994","contributorId":296931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64240,"text":"Planetary Science Institute, Lakewood, CO, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":852910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caster, Joshua 0000-0002-2858-1228 jcaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2858-1228","contributorId":199033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caster","given":"Joshua","email":"jcaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DeBenedetto, Geoffrey 0000-0003-0696-4567 gdebened@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-4567","contributorId":220988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBenedetto","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gdebened@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":852913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232445,"text":"ofr20211125 - 2022 - Characterization of the bathymetry, hydrodynamics, water quality, infrastructure, and channel condition of the Old Erie Canal from DeWitt to its junction with the current Erie Canal in Verona, near Rome, New York, 2018–19","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T17:54:53.444918","indexId":"ofr20211125","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T12:35:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1125","displayTitle":"Characterization of the Bathymetry, Hydrodynamics, Water Quality, Infrastructure, and Channel Condition of the Old Erie Canal from DeWitt to its Junction with the Current Erie Canal in Verona, near Rome, New York, 2018–19","title":"Characterization of the bathymetry, hydrodynamics, water quality, infrastructure, and channel condition of the Old Erie Canal from DeWitt to its junction with the current Erie Canal in Verona, near Rome, New York, 2018–19","docAbstract":"The Old Erie Canal has undergone sedimentation and aquatic growth that have restricted flow and diminished the aesthetic quality of the canal during the nearly 200 years since its construction. During 2018–2019, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Madison County Planning Department and the New York State Canal Corporation conducted a study of the Old Erie Canal between the Town of DeWitt, New York, and its junction with the current Erie Canal of the New York State Canal System near Rome, N.Y. The study comprised bathymetric, velocity, and water-quality surveys and documentation of the canal infrastructure. The USGS established benchmarks and staff gages along the 30.8 miles of the canal study area to reference the water-surface level in the canal to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Bathymetric survey results indicated that during the time of the survey, the canal depths ranged from 1.26 feet (ft) to 7.33 ft between the Butternut and Durhamville aqueducts (with a mean depth of 3.52 ft). Shallow depths are located throughout the canal, but the section north of the Durhamville aqueduct was the shallowest, with depths ranging from 0.68 ft to 2.44 ft (and a mean depth of 1.36 ft). The reach-averaged water velocity was 0.28 feet per second. The system generally flows west to east from the Butternut aqueduct to the entrance to the Erie Canal.
Water-quality data (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, specific conductance, pH, and turbidity) were collected concurrently with the bathymetric survey (spring 2018) to characterize changes in water quality along the length of the canal. Specific-conductance values measured upstream from the hamlet of Kirkville, Manlius, N.Y. may reflect road salts being flushed into the canal through the Butternut and Limestone feeder system (designed to divert water from nearby creeks to supply water for the Old Erie Canal) from recent stormwater runoff. Increases in pH in the downstream direction are possibly caused by increasing amounts of aquatic vegetation. During the time of the survey, turbidity was highest near inflows from the canal feeder system and tributary inputs which were elevated by stormwater runoff that transported sediment into the canal.
The canal infrastructure was documented to provide a baseline assessment. The feeder system, designed to bring water into the canal, does not deliver flow when the creeks supplying water to those feeders are at base flow, but does bring water into the system when flows in the feeder creeks are elevated. A recent report provides an example of repair work completed on the Chittenango feeder to improve flow through the feeder into the canal (Welch and Madison County Planning Department, 1996). Two non-regulated tributaries, Meadow Brook and Pools Brook, consistently delivered flow to the canal. Outfalls where canal water discharges into nearby creeks were sealed in the Butternut and Limestone aqueducts. Outfalls in the Chittenango, Cowaselon, and Durhamville aqueducts were found with flashboards installed at an elevation that allows water to be discharged from the canal. These structures are designed to accept additional flashboards to raise the canal water surface with the potential to convey flow farther down the system. The general condition of the channel was open and navigable between Butternut aqueduct and Chittenago aqueduct. On the segment of the canal east of the Chittenango aqueduct, an increasing number of downed trees and tangled wads of vegetation affected flow and made navigation by boat difficult to the Durhamville aqueduct. North of the Durhamville aqueduct, numerous downed trees and an increased density of aquatic vegetation limited navigation by boat and reduced the flow rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211125","usgsCitation":"Wernly, J.F., 2022, Characterization of the bathymetry, hydrodynamics, water quality, infrastructure, and channel condition of the Old Erie Canal from DeWitt to its junction with the current Erie Canal in Verona, near Rome, New York, 2018–19: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1125, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211125.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 75 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"75","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-118164","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402850,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1125/ofr20211125.XML"},{"id":402848,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1125/ofr20211125.pdf","text":"Report","size":"94.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1125"},{"id":402847,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1125/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":402849,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QRL294","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial dataset of the characterization of the bathymetry, hydrodynamics, water quality, infrastructure, and channel condition of the Old Erie Canal from DeWitt to Rome, New York 2018–2019"},{"id":402851,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1125/images/"},{"id":403542,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211125/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2021-1125"},{"id":501536,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113265.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Old Erie Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.13250732421875,\n 42.974511174899156\n ],\n [\n -76.11328125,\n 42.968984647488014\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 42.96044267380142\n ],\n [\n -75.74798583984375,\n 42.96446257387128\n ],\n [\n -75.57769775390625,\n 43.002638523957906\n ],\n [\n -75.41839599609375,\n 43.1270477646888\n ],\n [\n -75.35522460937499,\n 43.207177786666655\n ],\n [\n -75.42388916015625,\n 43.271206115959785\n ],\n [\n -75.52001953125,\n 43.25920592943639\n ],\n [\n -75.65460205078125,\n 43.23920036180898\n ],\n [\n -75.92926025390625,\n 43.219188223481325\n ],\n [\n -76.09405517578125,\n 43.13105676219153\n ],\n [\n -76.18194580078124,\n 43.07891929985966\n ],\n [\n -76.18743896484375,\n 43.022721607058344\n ],\n [\n -76.13250732421875,\n 42.974511174899156\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
The Upper Geyser Basin at Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) harbors the greatest concentration of geysers worldwide. Research suggests that individual geysers are not isolated but rather are hydraulically connected in the subsurface with other geysers and thermal springs. To quantify such connections, we combined techniques from machine learning, causal inference, and dynamical systems to characterize the collective eruptive behavior of a set of 10 geysers over 18 months (April 2007 – September 2008) focusing on geyser-geyser interactions. Model predictions were up to 15 times more accurate when we sought to predict a geyser's eruption time series based on outflow channel temperatures from the network than based on its own time series alone, suggesting the existence of a complex interconnected subsurface groundwater system. On average, cone-type geysers had larger impacts on other geysers than did fountain-type geysers. Similarly, cone-type geysers were on average more insulated from other geysers. However, substantial unexplained variation remained after considering the cone versus fountain dichotomy. Distance between geysers also affected interactions: nearby geysers had stronger effects on focal geysers than did geysers located farther away. Collectively, results support the hypothesis of geyser interdependence at timescales of 5 min–10 days. Our analyses highlight the existence of quantifiable geyser-to-geyser interactions that can be resolved through pairwise and system-level analyses. These findings emphasize the subsurface interconnectedness of thermal features, provide information relevant to visitor experiences in Yellowstone National Park, and suggest strategies for exploring patterns of interdependence that may exist among other episodic geological phenomena.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2021JB023749","usgsCitation":"Fagan, W., Swain, A., Banerjee, A., Ranade, H., Thompson, P., Staniczenko, P.P., Flynn, B., Hungerford, J., and Hurwitz, S., 2022, Quantifying interdependencies in geyser eruptions at the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 127, no. 8, e2021JB023749, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB023749.","productDescription":"e2021JB023749, 23 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137582","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":405590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.839,\n 44.459\n ],\n [\n -110.823,\n 44.459\n ],\n [\n -110.823,\n 44.467\n ],\n [\n -110.839,\n 44.467\n ],\n [\n -110.839,\n 44.459\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fagan, William F.","contributorId":108239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fagan","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":849649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swain, Anshuman","contributorId":295531,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swain","given":"Anshuman","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banerjee, Amitava","contributorId":295532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banerjee","given":"Amitava","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ranade, Hamir","contributorId":295533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ranade","given":"Hamir","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, Peter","contributorId":295535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staniczenko, Phillip P. A.","contributorId":295537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Staniczenko","given":"Phillip","email":"","middleInitial":"P. A.","affiliations":[{"id":7083,"text":"University of Maryland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flynn, Barrett","contributorId":295539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flynn","given":"Barrett","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hungerford, Jefferson 0000-0003-2651-2285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-2285","contributorId":229552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hungerford","given":"Jefferson","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70256670,"text":"70256670 - 2022 - Trout responses to stocking rates and river discharge within a southeast U.S. hydropeaking tailwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-30T14:09:12.548651","indexId":"70256670","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T09:02:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trout responses to stocking rates and river discharge within a southeast U.S. hydropeaking tailwater","docAbstract":"Freshwater fish populations often exist in systems characterized by novel ecological processes resulting from human alteration. Salmonid populations embedded within coldwater sections of warmwater rivers are spatially constrained by habitat availability. Tailwater fish contend with fluctuating river discharges and density-dependent processes associated with fish stocking and exploitation. Salmonid populations sustained through stocking versus natural reproduction may respond differently to changes in hydrologic patterns (e.g., hydropeaking) as well as declines in fish abundance. We assessed differences between stocked (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) and naturalized (Brown Trout Salmo trutta) trout populations in Greers Ferry tailwater, Arkansas, regarding (1) spatial and temporal patterns of mean length, electrofishing catch rates, and relative condition following reduced number of stocked Rainbow Trout and (2) evidence that hydrologic characteristics and fish stocking intensity influenced relative condition. A 56% reduction in Rainbow Trout stocking did not result in systemwide change in mean length or relative abundance for Rainbow Trout or Brown Trout over the 16-year study period. Hydrologic variability, where river discharge spanned both reduced and elevated levels, positively influenced condition of both Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout. Assessment of survival of stocked Rainbow Trout may aid in further refining the timing and amount of stocking needed to sustain the population at a desired abundance. Further, assessing the influence of stocking fewer but perhaps larger (in terms of mean length) fish to meet management goals may be warranted. The persistent differences in relative abundance among river sections can inform management actions directed at Brown Trout, including harvest regulations. Such regulations may aid in reaching desired management goals, including abundance and mean length targets not observed after reduced stocking.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10779","usgsCitation":"Spurgeon, J.J., Kaiser, J., Graham, C., and Lochmann, S., 2022, Trout responses to stocking rates and river discharge within a southeast U.S. hydropeaking tailwater: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 42, no. 4, p. 926-938, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10779.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"938","ipdsId":"IP-135390","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10779","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Greers Ferry tailwater","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.12227720560406,\n 35.56794921986193\n ],\n [\n -92.12227720560406,\n 35.37950970740478\n ],\n [\n -91.72539494699616,\n 35.37950970740478\n ],\n [\n -91.72539494699616,\n 35.56794921986193\n ],\n [\n -92.12227720560406,\n 35.56794921986193\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-6888-5867","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-5867","contributorId":304259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, Joseph","contributorId":341541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaiser","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Christy","contributorId":341542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Christy","affiliations":[{"id":37007,"text":"Arkansas Game and Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lochmann, Steve","contributorId":341543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lochmann","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":81661,"text":"University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70237720,"text":"70237720 - 2022 - Upper-plate structure and tsunamigenic faults near the Kodiak Islands, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-21T13:37:46.04698","indexId":"70237720","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T08:30:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper-plate structure and tsunamigenic faults near the Kodiak Islands, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"The Kodiak Islands lie near the southern terminus of the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake rupture area and within the Kodiak subduction zone segment. Both local and trans-Pacific tsunamis were generated during this devastating megathrust event, but the local tsunami source region and the causative faults are poorly understood. We provide an updated view of the tsunami and earthquake hazard for the Kodiak Islands region through tsunami modeling and geophysical data analysis. Using seismic and bathymetric data, we characterize a regionally extensive seafloor lineament related to the Kodiak shelf fault zone, with focused uplift along a 50-km-long portion of the newly named Ugak fault as the most likely source of the local Kodiak Islands tsunami in 1964. We present evidence of Holocene motion along the Albatross Banks fault zone, but we suggest that this fault did not produce a tsunami in 1964. We relate major structural boundaries to active forearc splay faults, where tectonic uplift is collocated with gravity lineations. Differences in interseismic locking, seismicity rates, and potential field signatures argue for different stress conditions at depth near presumed segment boundaries. We find that the Kodiak segment boundaries have a clear geophysical expression and are linked to upper-plate structure and splay faulting. The tsunamigenic fault hazard is higher for the Kodiak shelf fault zone when compared to the nearby Albatross Banks fault zone, suggesting short wave travel paths and little tsunami warning time for nearby communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02486.1","usgsCitation":"Ramos, M.D., Liberty, L.M., Haeussler, P., and Humphreys, R.J., 2022, Upper-plate structure and tsunamigenic faults near the Kodiak Islands, Alaska, USA: Geosphere, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1474-1491, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02486.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1474","endPage":"1491","ipdsId":"IP-135286","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02486.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kodiak Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.4037941171657,\n 60.562811262269065\n ],\n [\n -151.83516963619837,\n 61.55980516417185\n ],\n [\n -156.47488362730599,\n 57.79635099382884\n ],\n [\n -154.29366188512998,\n 55.202746146556194\n ],\n [\n -147.4037941171657,\n 60.562811262269065\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramos, Marlon D. 0000-0003-4449-8624","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-8624","contributorId":293255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramos","given":"Marlon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":63266,"text":"Air Force Research Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":855359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liberty, Lee M","contributorId":194078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":855360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":219956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Humphreys, Robert John 0000-0002-6733-6399","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6733-6399","contributorId":298308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphreys","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":855362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251319,"text":"70251319 - 2022 - Virtual special issue of recent advances on gas hydrates scientific drilling in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-03T14:21:43.534432","indexId":"70251319","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T08:19:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17150,"text":"Journal of Energy & Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Virtual special issue of recent advances on gas hydrates scientific drilling in Alaska","docAbstract":"A series of large earthquakes in 1899 affected southeastern Alaska near Yakutat and Disenchantment Bays. The largest of the series, a MW 8.2 event on 10 September 1899, generated an ~12-m-high tsunami and as much as 14.4 m of coseismic uplift in Yakutat Bay, the largest coseismic uplift ever measured. Several complex fault systems in the area are associated with the Yakutat terrane collision with North America and the termination of the Fairweather strike-slip system, but because faults local to Yakutat Bay have been incompletely or poorly mapped, it is unclear which fault system(s) ruptured during the 10 September 1899 event. Using marine geophysical data collected in August 2012, we provide an improved tectonic framework for the Yakutat area, which advances our understanding of earthquake hazards. We combined 153 line km of 2012 high-resolution multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data with compressed high-intensity radar pulse (Chirp) profiles, basin-scale MCS data, 2018 seafloor bathymetry, published geodetic models and thermochronology data, and previous measurements of coseismic uplift to better constrain fault geometry and subsurface structure in the Yakutat Bay area. We did not observe any active or concealed faults crossing Yakutat Bay in our high-resolution data, requiring faults to be located entirely onshore or nearshore. We interpreted onshore faults east of Yakutat Bay to be associated with the transpressional termination of the Fairweather fault system, forming a series of splay faults that exhibit a horsetail geometry. Thrust and reverse faults on the west side of the bay are related to Yakutat terrane underthrusting and collision with North America. Our results include an updated fault map, structural model of Yakutat Bay, and quantitative assessment of uncertainties for legacy geologic coseismic uplift measurements. Additionally, our results indicate the 10 September 1899 rupture was possibly related to stress loading from the earlier Yakutat terrane underthrusting event of 4 September 1899, with the majority of 10 September coseismic slip occurring on the Esker Creek system on the northwest side of Yakutat Bay. Limited (~2 m) coseismic or postseismic slip associated with the 1899 events occurred on faults located east of Yakutat Bay.
We present a response to Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie's (2022) comment on our perspectives on how forage fish fisheries are impacting the endangered African penguin (Sphenicus demersus), and corresponding management options. Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie overstate model uncertainties and downplay the clear ecological and conservation significance of the fisheries closure experiment. We demonstrate that their criticism of “pseudo-replication” is weak, and not in line with their own analyses nor with the interpretations of many international scientific review panels commissioned by the government of South Africa to evaluate experimental results. Their comment does not alter our fundamental conclusions that forage fisheries operating near penguin breeding colonies compete with the birds for food resources, are detrimental to the penguin's population health, and are impeding recovery. Given that sardines are depleted (DFFE, 2021) and the African penguin is approaching a conservation crisis, we reiterate our position that continuing the precautionary approach of closures at the local scale of central-place foraging penguins is warranted to facilitate their population growth under fisheries management goals to conserve and maintain ecosystem functions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsac116","usgsCitation":"Sydeman, B., Hunt, G., Pikitch, E., Parrish, J., Piatt, J., Boersma, D., Kaufman, L., Anderson, D.L., Thompson, S., and Sherley, R.B., 2022, African penguins and localized fisheries management: Response to Butterworth and Ross-Gillespie: ICES Journal of Marine Science, fsac116, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac116.","productDescription":"fsac116, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-141361","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403999,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sydeman, Bill","contributorId":293222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sydeman","given":"Bill","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35859,"text":"Farallon Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Gene","contributorId":178704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"Gene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pikitch, E.K.","contributorId":152152,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pikitch","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parrish, J.","contributorId":149527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parrish","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12640,"text":"California Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":244053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":846807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boersma, D.","contributorId":293225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boersma","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kaufman, L.","contributorId":293227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaufman","given":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13570,"text":"Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Anderson, D. L.","contributorId":274874,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":846810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Thompson, S.","contributorId":77103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sherley, Richard B.","contributorId":198407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sherley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70233496,"text":"70233496 - 2022 - Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T11:56:05.01524","indexId":"70233496","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T06:48:55","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates","docAbstract":"The use of 228Th has seen limited application for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates in coastal and marine environments. Recent analytical advances have enabled rapid, precise measurements of particle-bound 228Th using a radium delayed coincidence counting system (RaDeCC). Herein we review the 228Th cycle in the marine environment and revisit the historical use of 228Th as a tracer for determining sediment vertical accretion and mass accumulation rates in light of new measurement techniques. Case studies comparing accumulation rates from 228Th and 210Pb are presented for a micro-tidal salt marsh and a marginal sea environment. 228Th and 210Pb have been previously measured in mangrove, deltaic, continental shelf and ocean basin environments, and a literature synthesis reveals that 228Th (measured via alpha or gamma spectrometry) derived accumulation rates are generally equal to or greater than estimates derived from 210Pb, reflecting different integration periods. Use of 228Th is well-suited for shallow (<15 cm) cores over decadal timescales. Application is limited to relatively homogenous sediment profiles with minor variations in grain size and minimal bioturbation. When appropriate conditions are met, complimentary use of 228Th and 210Pb can demonstrate that the upper layers of a core are undisturbed and can improve spatial coverage in mapping accumulation rates due to the higher sample throughput for sediment 228Th.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006","usgsCitation":"Tamborski, J., Cai, P., Eagle, M.J., Henderson, P., and Charette, M., 2022, Revisiting 228Th as a tool for determining sedimentation and mass accumulation rates: Chemical Geology, v. 607, 121006, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006.","productDescription":"121006, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-138389","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":404316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.544175782757975\n ],\n [\n -70.48810958862302,\n 41.544175782757975\n ],\n [\n -70.48810958862302,\n 41.60376257053004\n ],\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.60376257053004\n ],\n [\n -70.55986404418944,\n 41.544175782757975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"607","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamborski, Joseph","contributorId":267856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tamborski","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55518,"text":"Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cai, Pinghe","contributorId":293524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cai","given":"Pinghe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63324,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagle, Meagan J. 0000-0001-5072-2755 meagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2755","contributorId":242890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagle","given":"Meagan","email":"meagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henderson, Paul","contributorId":267858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henderson","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55518,"text":"Department of Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Charette, Matthew","contributorId":247619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Charette","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":49599,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70237712,"text":"70237712 - 2022 - The North American tree-ring fire-scar network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-20T11:49:06.295032","indexId":"70237712","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-12T06:45:18","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The North American tree-ring fire-scar network","docAbstract":"Fire regimes in North American forests are diverse and modern fire records are often too short to capture important patterns, trends, feedbacks, and drivers of variability. Tree-ring fire scars provide valuable perspectives on fire regimes, including centuries-long records of fire year, season, frequency, severity, and size. Here, we introduce the newly compiled North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN), which contains 2562 sites, >37,000 fire-scarred trees, and covers large parts of North America. We investigate the NAFSN in terms of geography, sample depth, vegetation, topography, climate, and human land use. Fire scars are found in most ecoregions, from boreal forests in northern Alaska and Canada to subtropical forests in southern Florida and Mexico. The network includes 91 tree species, but is dominated by gymnosperms in the genus Pinus. Fire scars are found from sea level to >4000-m elevation and across a range of topographic settings that vary by ecoregion. Multiple regions are densely sampled (e.g., >1000 fire-scarred trees), enabling new spatial analyses such as reconstructions of area burned. To demonstrate the potential of the network, we compared the climate space of the NAFSN to those of modern fires and forests; the NAFSN spans a climate space largely representative of the forested areas in North America, with notable gaps in warmer tropical climates. Modern fires are burning in similar climate spaces as historical fires, but disproportionately in warmer regions compared to the historical record, possibly related to under-sampling of warm subtropical forests or supporting observations of changing fire regimes. The historical influence of Indigenous and non-Indigenous human land use on fire regimes varies in space and time. A 20th century fire deficit associated with human activities is evident in many regions, yet fire regimes characterized by frequent surface fires are still active in some areas (e.g., Mexico and the southeastern United States). These analyses provide a foundation and framework for future studies using the hundreds of thousands of annually- to sub-annually-resolved tree-ring records of fire spanning centuries, which will further advance our understanding of the interactions among fire, climate, topography, vegetation, and humans across North America.
The grave threat posed by the Enriquillo‐Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ) and other fault systems on the Tiburon Peninsula in southern Haiti was highlighted by the catastrophic M 7.0 Léogâne earthquake on 12 January 2010 and again by the deadly M 7.2 Nippes earthquakes on 14 August 2021. Early Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations suggest the 2021 earthquake broke structures associated with this fault system farther west of the 2010 event, but the rupture zones of both events are separated by a ∼50 km gap. This sequence provided the impetus to reconsider a nineteenth century earthquake that may have occurred within this gap. Though previous studies identified a single moderately large event on 8 April 1860, original sources describe a complex and distributed seismic sequence to the west of Port‐au‐Prince. These provide evidence for an initial event to the west of Les Cayes, on the southern coast of the Tiburon Peninsula. This was followed on the morning of 8 April 1860 by a damaging earthquake near l’Anse‐à‐Veau along the northern coast of the peninsula, which was succeeded 14 hr later by a larger mainshock to the east. Although locations cannot be determined precisely from extant macroseismic data, our preferred scenario includes an intensity magnitude
Forests dominated or co-dominated by ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) are critical to most Hawaiian forest birds, but fungal diseases causing Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death (ROD) threaten ‘ōhi‘a-based food webs that support native bird communities on Hawai‘i Island. Caterpillars are the most frequently consumed arthropod prey of native birds and their young and are especially frequent in the diets of one threatened (T) and three endangered (E) species (“listed” species) at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Hakalau): ‘akiapōlā‘au (Hemignathus wilsoni, E), ‘alawī (Hawai‘i creeper; Loxops mana, E), Hawai‘i ‘ākepa (L. coccineus, E), and ‘i‘iwi (Drepanis coccinea, T). Hakalau harbors the largest and most stable populations of listed forest birds in Hawai‘i, presumably due to the availability of food resources and the extent of suitable, managed habitat above the range of mosquito-borne avian malaria. Because a previous study indicated that only a few caterpillar species were important in the diets of listed birds at Hakalau, we investigated the distribution of caterpillars on common host plants available to foraging birds. Eleven native plant species hosted two or more taxa identified to genus or species, with at least seven from ‘ōhi‘a, six from koa (Acacia koa), and five from ‘ākala (Rubus hawaiensis). We identified 16 taxa to genus or species from 9 families, assigning 11 to species. Leaves, which were the focus of our sampling effort, were the substrate used by 20 caterpillar taxa, and dead wood or bark was used by 7 taxa. In a previous study, we classified 19 morphotypes of caterpillar mandibles in the diets of native and alien birds at Hakalau, and in the present study we dissected mandibles from caterpillars that likely matched 10 of those morphotypes. These 10 morphotypes potentially represented >95% of caterpillar prey found in the earlier diet study and were collected from 11 host plant species, with ‘ōhi‘a hosting 8 morphotypes, 4 of which were exclusive to ‘ōhi‘a. The most widely hosted morphotype was found on all 11 plant species that we sampled, including ‘ōhi‘a, but the other 9 morphotypes were found on 1–7 hosts. As shown by the previous diet study, each of the listed bird species consumed caterpillar prey consisting mostly of combinations of two morphotypes drawn from a pool of only five, indicating a high degree of specialization. In the present study, we collected three of the five key morphotypes only on ‘ōhi‘a, highlighting the importance of this tree to listed bird species. Because ‘ōhi‘a forests in Hakalau remain vulnerable to ROD, measures to mitigate the impacts of reduced ‘ōhi‘a cover are important to consider from the perspective of forest bird food webs and diet. Ongoing reforestation of former pasturelands with koa and common understory species should provide alternative caterpillar prey for forest birds. Our results and information from the literature indicate that koa supports, to varying degrees, nearly all forest birds at Hakalau, while ‘ākala, ‘ōhelo (Vaccinium calycinum), kōlea (Myrsine lessertiana), ‘ōlapa (Cheirodendron trigynum), pūkiawe (Leptecophylla tameiameiae), and māmaki (Pipturus albidus) could benefit bird populations by increasing prey availability and structural complexity in koa-dominated stands. Foraging studies and additional research to identify species and host plant associations of important forest bird prey, including caterpillars and other arthropods, can help managers evaluate the complex interactions between native forest birds and their food webs and habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Banko, P.C., Peck, R., Munstermann, M., and Jaenecke, K., 2022, Host plant associations of Lepidoptera and implications for forest bird management at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge: Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report 104, iv, 39 p.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p.","ipdsId":"IP-136371","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404202,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10790/5387"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Pua Akala section of the Hakalau Unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.77801141632675\n ],\n [\n -155.28934478759766,\n 19.77801141632675\n ],\n [\n -155.28934478759766,\n 19.851170038179486\n ],\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.851170038179486\n ],\n [\n -155.33740997314453,\n 19.77801141632675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banko, Paul C. 0000-0002-6035-9803 pbanko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-9803","contributorId":3179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banko","given":"Paul","email":"pbanko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Robert W. 0000-0002-8739-9493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-9493","contributorId":193088,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munstermann, Maya","contributorId":292199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munstermann","given":"Maya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jaenecke, Kelly 0000-0002-7124-4788","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7124-4788","contributorId":211063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaenecke","given":"Kelly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13341,"text":"Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256650,"text":"70256650 - 2022 - Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-29T14:28:37.692075","indexId":"70256650","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T09:19:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","title":"Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus","docAbstract":"Biological invasions have major environmental and economic impacts, and pose a serious threat to global biodiversity. Invasive crayfish species are one of the greatest threats to native crayfish biodiversity. Additionally, almost 50% of US and Canadian species are considered at risk, making crayfish one of the most imperiled taxonomic groups in the world. Small-scale (extralimital) invasions are often overlooked and may be more common than large-scale (extraregional) invasions. One example of an extraregional and extralimital invader is the Ringed Crayfish (Faxonius neglectus), which has been independently introduced multiple times to drainages throughout the United States, including those adjacent to its native range. Traits related to invasiveness, such as chelae size, are suggested to differ between invasive crayfish from extralimital and extraregional source populations with larger size related to increased invasiveness. We examined morphological traits related to invasion potential for both subspecies of F. neglectus, F. neglectus neglectus and F. neglectus chaenodactylus. We sampled 28 stream sites within the known native range of F. neglectus, including the Neosho and Upper White River drainages in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri. Total carapace length, chelae length and chelae width of 30 adult male F. neglectus were measured from each site. We found significant differences in crayfish morphological characteristics among stream sites. We found significantly greater chelae length:carapace length (ChL:CarL) and chelae width:chelae length (ChW:ChL) in F. neglectus chaenodactylus than F. neglectus neglectus. Even among F. neglectus neglectus populations, there were significant differences in ChL:CarL and ChW:ChL. Morphological characteristics suggest that F. neglectus chaenodactylus and some populations of F. neglectus neglectus may be pre-adapted to the role of invader.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.4024","usgsCitation":"Magoulick, D.D., Wynne, K.C., and Clark, J., 2022, Morphological traits related to potential invasiveness of two subspecies of the crayfish Faxonius neglectus: River Research and Applications, v. 38, no. 8, p. 1510-1518, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4024.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1510","endPage":"1518","ipdsId":"IP-136543","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":433303,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4634291225635,\n 35.39738408561898\n ],\n [\n -90.87225759850219,\n 35.103381115558875\n ],\n [\n -89.80120644220345,\n 37.3036874815335\n ],\n [\n -90.01721675943992,\n 38.13664285022463\n ],\n [\n -92.37532938927478,\n 38.12956330655581\n ],\n [\n -95.00345491565538,\n 37.603774360096\n ],\n [\n -95.4174746903592,\n 36.56267788279787\n ],\n [\n -95.5074789892076,\n 35.887444238464354\n ],\n [\n -95.2374660926619,\n 35.44872489668842\n ],\n [\n -94.4634291225635,\n 35.39738408561898\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynne, K. Carter","contributorId":341482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Carter","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jessica","contributorId":341483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70248937,"text":"70248937 - 2022 - High geomagnetic field intensity recorded by anorthosite xenoliths requires a strongly powered late Mesoproterozoic geodynamo","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T12:28:08.405882","indexId":"70248937","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T07:25:43","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High geomagnetic field intensity recorded by anorthosite xenoliths requires a strongly powered late Mesoproterozoic geodynamo","docAbstract":"Understanding effects of human water use and subsequent return flows on the availability and suitability of water for downstream uses is critical to efficient and effective watershed management. We compared spatially detailed estimates of stream chemistry within three watersheds in diverse settings to available standards to isolate effects of wastewater and irrigation return flows on the suitability of downstream waters for maintaining healthy aquatic ecosystems and for selected human uses. Mean-annual flow-weighted total and source-specific concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in individual stream reaches within the Upper Colorado, Delaware, and Illinois River Basins and of total dissolved solids within stream reaches of the Upper Colorado River Basin were estimated from previously calibrated regional watershed models. Estimated concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus in most stream reaches in all three watersheds (at least 78%, by length) exceed recommended standards for the protection of aquatic ecosystems, although concentrations in relatively few streams exceed such standards due to contributions from wastewater return flows, alone. Consequently, efforts to reduce wastewater nutrient effluent may provide important local downstream benefits but would likely have minimal impact on regional ecological conditions. Similarly, estimated mean-annual flow-weighted total dissolved solids concentrations in the Upper Colorado River Basin exceed standards for agricultural water use and (or) the secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) for drinking water in 52% of streams (by length), but rarely due to effects of irrigation return flows, alone. Dissolved solids in most tributaries of the Upper Colorado River are attributable primarily to natural sources.
Germanium (Ge) is a metal used in emerging energy technologies, communications, and defense, and has been deemed critical by the United States due to its essential applications and scarce supply. Germanium is recovered as a byproduct of zinc (Zn) sulfides, and mining and processing of these materials lead to waste that could act both as a source of extractable Ge and a source for exposure to humans and ecosystems. Yet the distribution, speciation, and mineral hosts of Ge in mining-impacted areas are poorly understood. The Tar Creek Superfund Site, a former Zn mining area and Ge producer, is a natural laboratory to understand the environmental behavior and economic implications of Ge in mine wastes. We studied the distribution and behavior of Ge in solid wastes at the Tar Creek Superfund Site using bulk and microanalytical techniques. In wastes at this site we find that Ge has been redistributed from its original host, sphalerite (ZnS), to the fine-grained weathering product hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O), which impacts germanium's mobility, bioaccessibility, and potential for recovery. We provide chemical and mineralogical evidence of this redistribution, along with an evaluation of the oxidation state and molecular-scale substitution of Ge into sphalerite, hemimorphite, and quartz. Geochemical modeling shows that hemimorphite is more stable than sphalerite in waste piles and provides a stable secondary repository for Ge. However, hemimorphite is fine-grained, and if ingested or inhaled is readily soluble, with the potential to release Ge. Lastly, we discuss other sites internationally where similar behavior may be important. This study shows that weathering can have a significant impact on the distribution, speciation, and mineral hosts of Ge in mine wastes; directly influence mobilization from waste piles and subsequent availability to humans and ecosystems; and dictate metallurgical strategies to target Ge for recovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341","usgsCitation":"White, S.J., Piatak, N.M., McAleer, R.J., Hayes, S.M., Seal,, R., Schaider, L.A., and Shine, J.P., 2022, Germanium redistribution during weathering of Zn mine wastes: Implications for environmental mobility and recovery of a critical mineral: Applied Geochemistry, v. 143, 105341, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341.","productDescription":"105341, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127786","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447162,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ZM36FG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mineral abundances within bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HI7VKH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Molecular speciation of Ge within sphalerite, hemimorphite, and quartz from mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HHH5FL","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geochemical, mineralogical, and molecular scale speciation characterization of mine wastes from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A. "},{"id":435778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ALZZ3E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Electron microprobe analyses of sphalerite and hemimorphite from mine wastes from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":435777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92MXFIQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Elemental concentrations for bulk and size-fractionated mine waste from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, Tri-State Mining District, Oklahoma, U.S.A."},{"id":404206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Tar Creek Superfund Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 36.049098959065645\n ],\n [\n -94.658203125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -96.40502929687499,\n 36.049098959065645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"143","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Sarah Jane 0000-0002-4055-8207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-8207","contributorId":216796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Jane","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":215498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayes, Sarah M. 0000-0001-5887-6492","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-6492","contributorId":208569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schaider, Laurel A.","contributorId":291960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaider","given":"Laurel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shine, James P.","contributorId":178314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shine","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70239303,"text":"70239303 - 2022 - Evidence for fluctuating wind in shaping an ancient Martian dune field: The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment, Gale crater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T13:14:36.209975","indexId":"70239303","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-11T07:13:03","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7353,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for fluctuating wind in shaping an ancient Martian dune field: The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment, Gale crater","docAbstract":"Temporal fluctuations of wind strength and direction can influence aeolian bedform morphology and orientation, which can be encoded into the architecture of aeolian deposits. These strata represent a direct record of atmospheric processes and can be used to understand ancient Martian atmospheric processes as well as those on Earth. The strata can: give insight to ancient atmospheric circulation, how the atmosphere evolved in response to global changes in habitability, and how ancient processes differ from modern processes. The Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment (Gale crater) records evidence of fluctuating wind across multiple temporal scales. The strata can be subdivided into three intervals–Gleann Beag, Ladder, and Edinburgh intervals. Internally, the intervals record changes of dune morphology and orientation, correlatable to wind fluctuations at multiple temporal scales. The basal Gleann Beag interval comprises compound cross-strata, deposited by oblique compound dunes. These dunes record a bimodal wind regime, resulting in net sediment transport toward the north. The Ladder interval records a reversal of sediment transport to the south, where straight-crested simple-dunes shaped by a seasonally variable winds formed. Finally, the Edinburgh interval records sediment transport to the west, where a unimodal wind formed sinuous-crested simple dunes. These observations demonstrate active and variable atmospheric circulation in Gale crater during the accumulation of the Stimson dune field, at multiple temporal scales from seasonally driven winds to much longer time-frames, during the Hesperian. These observations can be used to further understand ancient atmospheric conditions and processes, at a high temporal resolution on Mars.
Lakes are classified by thermal mixing regimes, with shallow waterbodies historically categorized as continuously mixing systems. Yet, recent studies demonstrate extended summertime stratification in ponds, underscoring the need to reassess thermal classifications for shallow waterbodies. In this study, we examined the summertime thermal dynamics of 34 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North America and Europe to categorize and identify the drivers of different mixing regimes. We identified three mixing regimes: rarely (n = 18), intermittently (n = 10), and often (n = 6) mixed, where waterbodies mixed an average of 2%, 26%, and 75% of the study period, respectively. Waterbodies in the often mixed category were larger (≥4.17 ha) and stratification weakened with increased wind shear stress, characteristic of “shallow lakes.” In contrast, smaller waterbodies, or “ponds,” mixed less frequently, and stratification strengthened with increased shortwave radiation. Shallow ponds (<0.74 m) mixed intermittently, with daytime stratification often breaking down overnight due to convective cooling. Ponds ≥0.74 m deep were rarely or never mixed, likely due to limited wind energy relative to the larger density gradients associated with slightly deeper water columns. Precipitation events weakened stratification, even causing short-term mixing (hours to days) in some sites. By examining a broad set of shallow waterbodies, we show that mixing regimes are highly sensitive to very small differences in size and depth, with potential implications for ecological and biogeochemical processes. Ultimately, we propose a new framework to characterize the variable mixing regimes of ponds and shallow lakes.
Advances in multi-species monitoring have prompted an increase in the use of multi-species occupancy analyses to assess patterns of co-occurrence among species, even when data were collected at scales likely violating the assumption that sites were closed to changes in the occupancy state for the target species. Violating the closure assumption may lead to erroneous conclusions related to patterns of co-occurrence among species. Occurrence for two hypothetical species was simulated under patterns of avoidance, aggregation, or independence, when the closure assumption was either met or not. Simulated populations were sampled at two levels (N = 250 or 100 sites) and two scales of temporal resolution for surveys. Sample data were analyzed with conditional two-species occupancy models, and performance was assessed based on the proportion of simulations recovering the true pattern of co-occurrence. Estimates of occupancy were unbiased when closure was met, but biased when closure violations occurred; bias increased when sample size was small and encounter histories were collapsed to a large-scale temporal resolution. When closure was met and patterns of avoidance and aggregation were simulated, conditional two-species models tended to correctly find support for non-independence, and estimated species interaction factors (SIF) aligned with predicted values. By contrast, when closure was violated, models tended to incorrectly infer a pattern of independence and power to detect simulated patterns of avoidance or aggregation that decreased with smaller sample size. Results suggest that when the closure assumption is violated, co-occurrence models often fail to detect underlying patterns of avoidance or aggregation, and incorrectly identify a pattern of independence among species, which could have negative consequences for our understanding of species interactions and conservation efforts. Thus, when closure is violated, inferred patterns of independence from multi-species occupancy should be interpreted cautiously, and evidence of avoidance or aggregation is likely a conservative estimate of true pattern or interaction.
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are a loosely defined group of chemicals whose wide-spread usage or presence in the environment has occurred more recently or for which there has been relatively little research done until recently. Many of these CECs are not currently regulated. The National Toxicology Program within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates that about 2000 CECs are introduced each year (https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/about/). An unknown number may pose a risk to human or animal health. The Phase 1 (2010 – 2014) CEC work in birds, which is the subject of this report, assessed exposure across the Great Lakes to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFASs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and put those exposures into context with data from biologically relevant endpoints such as reproductive success, as well as, physiological response indicators (bioindicators) to assess possible effects. The group of chemicals included in Phase 1 were mainly those chemicals that bioaccumulate in tissues. Phase 2 (2015 – 2019) CEC work with tree swallows was expanded to include CECs whose occurrence in the environment is more temporary or seasonal, and that do not necessarily bioaccumulate. These are often called pseudo-persistent, because, while they are not long-lived in the environment, there are often daily inputs via waste water treatment plants, and run-off from farm fields and storm drainages, thereby making them available to biota year-round. These include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and newer pesticides including herbicides. Tree swallow work on these less persistent CECs will be reported in the future, however see other Appendices in this report for information on some of these types of CECs (Appendices A, B, D).
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