The rocks seen in this segment of the field trip range in age from Middle Ordovician to Middle Devonian and constitute a deep basin-continental-shallow shelf succession. Within this succession, three lithotectonic units, or sequences of rock that were deformed semi-independently of each other, have somewhat different structural characteristics. Both the Alleghenian and Taconic orogenies have left their imprint on the rocks. Wind and water gaps are structurally controlled, thus placing doubt upon the hypothesis of regional superposition. Wisconsinan deposits and erosion effects are common. We will examine these geologic features as well as some of the economic deposits in the area.
Figure 1 is an index map of the field-trip area, showing the trip route and quadrangle coverage. Figure 2 is a generalized geologic map,
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field studies of New Jersey geology and guide to field trips; 52nd annual meeting of the New York State Geological Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"New York State Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Epstein, J.B., 1980, Geology of the Ridge and Valley Province, northwestern New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania, in Field studies of New Jersey geology and guide to field trips; 52nd annual meeting of the New York State Geological Association, no. 52, p. 70-89.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nysga-online.org/guidebooks/by-year/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -74.73312377929688,\n 40.79301881008675\n ],\n [\n -74.73312377929688,\n 41.121780116909356\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 41.121780116909356\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 40.79301881008675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epstein, Jack B. jepstein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Epstein","given":"Jack","email":"jepstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70230762,"text":"pp1124A - 1980 - The Vermilion Granitic Complex — A new name for old rocks in northern Minnesota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70230762,"text":"pp1124A - 1980 - The Vermilion Granitic Complex — A new name for old rocks in northern Minnesota","indexId":"pp1124A","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"The Vermilion Granitic Complex — A new name for old rocks in northern Minnesota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4929,"text":"pp1124AF - 1980 - Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979","indexId":"pp1124AF","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-F","title":"Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":4929,"text":"pp1124AF - 1980 - Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979","indexId":"pp1124AF","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-04T17:50:03.543989","indexId":"pp1124A","displayToPublicDate":"1980-12-31T11:34:34","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1124","chapter":"A","title":"The Vermilion Granitic Complex — A new name for old rocks in northern Minnesota","docAbstract":"The name Vermilion Granitic Complex is introduced for the heterogeneous granitic and migmatitic rocks of Archean (formerly called Precambrian W) age that occur north of the Vermilion district and south of the Kabetogama peninsula in northern Minnesota. The complex consists of the following subdivisions: Lac La Croix Granite, granite-rich migmatite, schist-rich migmatite, quartz-feldspar gneiss, hornblende quartz diorite and diorite, granodiorite and trondhjemite, amphibolite and amphibolite migmatite, older migmatite, biotite schist, Burntside Gneiss, and pegmatite. Because the name Vermilion Granitic Complex is proposed as a more inclusive group term, the more restricted name Vermilion Granite (Grout, 1923) is hereby abandoned. The new name Lac La Croix Granite is proposed for the uniform, light-pink biotite granite that occurs widely in the eastern and central parts of the complex. It is denned as having less than 5 percent of schistose or gneissic inclusions and is therefore more restricted than the Vermilion Granite of Grout (1926), which included substantial amounts of migmatitic rocks. The name Burntside Gneiss is adopted as a replacement for the older term Burntside Granite Gneiss, originally named by Grout (1926). This change is required by the conclusion that the rock is a metamorphosed dacite and not a metamorphosed granite, as formerly interpreted.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorter contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 1979 (Professional Paper 1124)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1124A","usgsCitation":"Southwick, D.L., and Sims, P., 1980, The Vermilion Granitic Complex — A new name for old rocks in northern Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1124, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1124A.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":399590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1124a-f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402900,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4725.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Vermilion Granitic Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.470947265625,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -91.087646484375,\n 46.89023157359399\n ],\n [\n -91.087646484375,\n 48.857487002645485\n ],\n [\n -96.470947265625,\n 48.857487002645485\n ],\n [\n -96.470947265625,\n 46.89023157359399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Southwick, D. L.","contributorId":57130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Southwick","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185555,"text":"70185555 - 1980 - Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Washtenaw County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-17T19:41:47.405329","indexId":"70185555","displayToPublicDate":"1980-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Washtenaw County, Michigan","docAbstract":"Washteaw County is underlain by glacial deposits that range in thickness from about 50 feet to about 450 feet. Underlying the glacial deposits are sedimentary rocks of Mississippian and Devonian age. The youngest of these rocks are the sandstones of the Marshall Formation in the western part of the county; the oldest are the limestones of the Detroit River Group in the southeast corner.
Sand and gravel deposits in some places in the county may yield more than 500 gallons per minute of water. Approximately 50 percent of the wells tapping the Marshall Formation, the most reliable bedrock aquifer, can yield as much as 60 gallons per minute.
Washtenaw County has sand and gravel deposits that are more than 50 feet thick. The deposits are mined in several areas and are of economic importance. In addition, there may be potential for peat production in the western part of the county and for clay production in the eastern part.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/70185555","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fleck, W.B., 1980, Geology and hydrology for environmental planning in Washtenaw County, Michigan: Open-File Report, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70185555.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503231,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70185555/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":338212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70185555/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Washtenaw County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-83.553,42.4351],[-83.5492,42.3486],[-83.5417,42.1744],[-83.5399,42.0853],[-83.6563,42.0833],[-83.7763,42.0823],[-83.8927,42.0797],[-84.0164,42.0789],[-84.0165,42.0749],[-84.1353,42.073],[-84.136,42.1611],[-84.1319,42.2483],[-84.132,42.3356],[-84.1333,42.4238],[-84.0196,42.423],[-83.9065,42.4249],[-83.7864,42.4288],[-83.6669,42.4312],[-83.553,42.4351]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Washtenaw\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d205","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, William B.","contributorId":17587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199537,"text":"70199537 - 1980 - World petroleum resource estimates and production forecasts: Implications for government policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:27:14","indexId":"70199537","displayToPublicDate":"1980-09-03T14:16:10","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2829,"text":"Natural Resources Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"World petroleum resource estimates and production forecasts: Implications for government policy","docAbstract":"Resource estimates alone will not give advance warning of encroaching production difficulties. An analysis of the general stages in the evolution of petroleum production and discovery and of industry statistics provides an estimate of when the stage characterised by increasing production in the market economy countries outside the United States and Canada will end. The analysis indicates that the year of maximum production will be in the 1990s. Economic growth aggravates the difficulties accompanying the production decline by advancing the date of peak production and by increasing the adjustments that must be made as oil production declines.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1477-8947.1980.tb00975.x","usgsCitation":"Root, D.H., and Attanasi, E., 1980, World petroleum resource estimates and production forecasts: Implications for government policy: Natural Resources Forum, v. 4, no. 2, p. 181-196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1980.tb00975.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"196","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Root, David H.","contributorId":92232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Attanasi, Emil D. 0000-0001-6845-7160 attanasi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":198728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"Emil D.","email":"attanasi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200638,"text":"70200638 - 1980 - Late Cenozoic volcanism, geochronology, and structure of the Coso Range, Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T13:28:00","indexId":"70200638","displayToPublicDate":"1980-05-10T13:27:17","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Cenozoic volcanism, geochronology, and structure of the Coso Range, Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"The Coso Range lies at the west edge of the Great Basin, adjacent to the southern part of the Sierra Nevada. A basement complex of pre‐Cenozoic plutonic and metamorphic rocks is partly buried by ∼35 km3 of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks that were erupted during two periods, as defined by K‐Ar dating: (1) 4.0–2.5 m.y., ∼31 km3 of basalt, rhyodacite, dacite, andesite, and rhyolite, in descending order of abundance, and (2) ≤1.1 m.y., nearly equal amounts of basalt and rhyolite, most of the rhyolite being ≤0.3 m.y. old. Vents for the volcanic rocks of the younger period are localized on and near a horst of basement rocks within a concavity defined by the distribution of vents of the older period. The alignment of many vents and the presence of a considerable number of roughly north‐trending normal faults of late Cenozoic age reflect basin and range tectonics dominated by roughly east‐west lithospheric extension. Fumaroles, intermittently active thermal springs, and associated altered rocks occur within and immediately east of the central part of the field of Quaternary rhyolite, in an area characterized by various geophysical anomalies that are evidently related to an active hot‐water geothermal system. This system apparently is heated by a reservoir of silicic magma at ≥8‐km depth, itself produced and sustained through partial melting of crustal rocks by thermal energy contained in mantle‐derived basaltic magma that intrudes the crust in response to lithospheric extension.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB05p02381","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., Bacon, C.R., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1980, Late Cenozoic volcanism, geochronology, and structure of the Coso Range, Inyo County, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B5, p. 2381-2404, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB05p02381.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"2381","endPage":"2404","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Inyo","otherGeospatial":"Coso Range","volume":"85","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bacon, Charles R. 0000-0002-2165-5618 cbacon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":2909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Charles","email":"cbacon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":749799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. Brent","contributorId":54564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208030,"text":"70208030 - 1980 - Organic composition of some Upper Cretaceous shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T14:14:59.675177","indexId":"70208030","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-24T13:17:22","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organic composition of some Upper Cretaceous shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The lower Upper Cretaceous strata in northeastern Wyoming, which have yielded major quantities of oil and gas, were sampled at boreholes in Converse, Johnson, and Weston Counties. Cores of noncalcareous shale of largely nearshore-marine origin were obtained from the Frontier Formation and the overlying Cody Shale at depths of 3,780.6 to 3,879.9 m in Converse County, near the axis of the Powder River basin, and at depths of less than 320 m in Johnson County, on the western flank of the basin. Cores of calcareous and noncalcareous shale representing offshore-marine and nearshore-marine environments were acquired from the Belle Fourche Shale, Greenhorn Formation, and Carlile Shale at depths of less than 270 m in Weston County, on the eastern flank of the Powder River basin. Analyses of the shale for organic carbon content, total pyrolytic hydrocarbon yield, volatile hydrocarbon content, temperature of maximum pyrolytic yield, and vitrinite reflectance indicate that the amount and character of the organic matter in the sampled rocks is related to the content of calcium carbonate, the depositional environment, and the burial depth of the strata. On the east flank of the Powder River basin, calcareous shale of offshore-marine origin contains abundant hydrogen-rich organic matter derived mainly from aquatic plants. Noncalcareous shale of largely nearshore-marine origin, on the west flank of the basin, locally contains significant hydrogen-poor organic matter derived mostly from land plants. The noncalcareous, nearshore-marine shale in the middle of the basin probably contained similar amounts of hydrogendeficient organic matter prior to deep burial and thermal alteration. The calcareous shale in Weston County is a potentially rich source of oil and gas, but it is thermally immature and is in a very early stage of the hydrocarbon-generation process. The noncalcareous shale in Johnson County is a potential source rock for gas, but also is in an early stage of thermal alteration. In Converse County, the sampled beds are thermally mature and have generated hydrocarbons. The extent of this contribution of hydrocarbons to the commercial petroleum occurrences of the area can be inferred from the composition of the original organic matter in the beds. Furthermore, the degree of thermal alteration of the organic matter at these localities indicates that the depth of the sampled strata was never as great on the flanks of the Powder River basin as in the basin center.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F918A68-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Merewether, E.A., and Claypool, G., 1980, Organic composition of some Upper Cretaceous shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 4, p. 488-500, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F918A68-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"488","endPage":"500","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.490234375,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -107.07275390625,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -106.6387939453125,\n 44.08363928284644\n ],\n [\n -106.28173828125,\n 43.57243174740972\n ],\n [\n -106.116943359375,\n 43.27320591705845\n ],\n [\n -106.116943359375,\n 43.000629854450004\n ],\n [\n -106.3201904296875,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -106.2322998046875,\n 42.92827401776912\n ],\n [\n -105.9686279296875,\n 42.82360980730198\n ],\n [\n -104.58984375,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -104.2767333984375,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -104.38110351562499,\n 43.87017822557581\n ],\n [\n -104.5733642578125,\n 44.11125397357155\n ],\n [\n -105.172119140625,\n 44.351350365612326\n ],\n [\n -105.3094482421875,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -105.47973632812499,\n 44.78573392716592\n ],\n [\n -105.3204345703125,\n 44.90646871709883\n ],\n [\n -105.194091796875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -107.490234375,\n 45.02695045318546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merewether, E. Allen merewether@usgs.gov","contributorId":3586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merewether","given":"E.","email":"merewether@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198194,"text":"70198194 - 1980 - Metamorphic infrastructure in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-29T08:28:41","indexId":"70198194","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Metamorphic infrastructure in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada","docAbstract":"The metamorphic complex of the northern Ruby Mountains in northeastern Nevada exposes Paleozoic strata that are metamorphosed to sillimanite grade, migmatized, and recumbently folded. Nappes are variously overturned to the east, north, south, and west. The deeper part of this metamorphic infrastructure is a migmatitic zone pervaded by pegmatitic two-mica granite. A structurally higher transition zone underwent extreme tectonic flattening and some thrusting as the mobile infrastructure rose buoyantly against more rigid suprastructure. Relief by flow and stretching to the west-northwest and east-southeast resulted in a regionally constant lineation in this transition zone. The age of metamorphism is uncertain but may be Jurassic.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM153-p335","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., 1980, Metamorphic infrastructure in the northern Ruby Mountains, Nevada, chap. of Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes, v. 153, p. 335-347, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM153-p335.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"347","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Ruby Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.2847900390625,\n 39.51251701659638\n ],\n [\n -114.62585449218749,\n 39.51251701659638\n ],\n [\n -114.62585449218749,\n 41.23238023874139\n ],\n [\n -116.2847900390625,\n 41.23238023874139\n ],\n [\n -116.2847900390625,\n 39.51251701659638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012387,"text":"70012387 - 1980 - Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas fault zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:35:20.182875","indexId":"70012387","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas fault zone","docAbstract":"Approximately 100 heat flow measurements in the San Andreas fault zone indicate (1) there is no evidence for local factional heating of the main fault trace at any latitude over a 1000-km length from Cape Mendocino to San Bernardino, (2) average heat flow is high (∼2 HFU, ∼80 mW m−2) throughout the 550-km segment of the Coast Ranges that encloses the San Andreas fault zone in central California; this broad anomaly falls off rapidly toward the Great Valley to the east, and over a 200-km distance toward the Mendocino Triple Junction to the northwest. As others have pointed out, a local conductive heat flow anomaly would be detectable unless the frictional resistance allocated to heat production on the main trace were ≲100 bars. Frictional work allocated to surface energy of new fractures is probably unimportant, and hydrologic convection is not likely to invalidate the conduction assumption, since the heat discharge by thermal springs near the fault is negligible. Explanations for the low dynamic friction fall into two intergradational classes: those in which the fault is weak all of the time and those in which it is weak only during earthquakes (possibly just large ones). The first class includes faults containing anomalously weak gouge materials and faults containing materials with normal frictional properties under near-lithostatic steady state fluid pressures. In the second class, weakening is caused by the event (for example, a thermally induced increase in fluid pressure, dehydration of clay minerals, or acoustic fluidization). In this class, unlike the first, the average strength and ambient tectonic shear stress may be large, ∼1 kbar, but the stress allocated to elastic radiation (the apparent stress) must be of similar magnitude, an apparent contradiction with seismic estimates. Unless seismic radiation is underestimated for large earthquakes, it is difficult to justify average tectonic stresses on the main trace of the San Andreas fault in excess of ∼200 bars. The development of the broad Coast Range heat flow anomaly southward from Cape Mendocino suggests that heat flow increases by a factor of 2 within 4 m.y. after the passage of the Mendocino Triple Junction. This passage leaves the San Andreas transform fault zone in its wake; the depth of the anomalous sources cannot be much greater than the depth of the seismogenic layer. Some of the anomalous heat may be supplied by conduction from the warmer mantle that must occur south of the Mendocino transform (where there is no subducting slab), and some might be supplied by shear heating in the fault zone. With no contribution from shear heating, extreme mantle upwelling would be required, and asthenosphere conditions should exist today at depths of only ∼20 km in the northernmost Coast Ranges. If there is an appreciable contribution from shear heating, the heat flow constraint implies that the seismogenic layer is partially decoupled at its base and that the basal traction is in the sense that resists right lateral motion on the fault(s). As a result of these basal tractions, the average shearing stress in the seismogenic layer would increase with distance from the main fault, and the seismogenic layer would offer substantial resistance to plate motion even though resistance on the main fault might be negligible. These speculative models have testable consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06185","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lachenbruch, A., and Sass, J., 1980, Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas fault zone: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6185-6223, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06185.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"6185","endPage":"6223","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2ff7e4b0c8380cd5d26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lachenbruch, A.H.","contributorId":76737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lachenbruch","given":"A.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003603,"text":"1003603 - 1980 - Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T16:35:06","indexId":"1003603","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":948,"text":"Avian Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)","title":"Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup (Aythya affinis)","docAbstract":"A coccidiosis epizootic has occurred in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) at Bluestem Reservoir in eastern Nebraska during the spring in each of three recent years: 1976-1978. Losses peaked during the period from mid-March through April. As much as 29% of the peak population of scaup using the reservoir died. Necropsies of 72 of the nearly 1390 scaup that died revealed destruction and sloughing of the intestinal mucosa and associated hemorrhaging. Fibrinonecrotic cores were frequently found in the intestinal lumens. Scrapings from the intestinal mucosal contained massive numbers of oocysts of the coccidian Eimeria aythyae. This is the first report of recurrent epizootics of coccidiosis in freeflying waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Avian Pathologists","doi":"10.2307/1589981","usgsCitation":"Windingstad, R.M., McDonald, M., Locke, L.N., Kerr, S., and Sinn, J., 1980, Epizootic of coccidiosis in free-flying lesser scaup (Aythya affinis): Avian Diseases, v. 24, no. 4, p. 1044-1049, https://doi.org/10.2307/1589981.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1044","endPage":"1049","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130357,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Bluestem reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.80336952209473,\n 40.64137713901667\n ],\n [\n -96.80448532104492,\n 40.639227866411176\n ],\n [\n -96.80508613586426,\n 40.63714365719172\n ],\n [\n -96.80439949035645,\n 40.63545018928846\n ],\n [\n -96.80148124694824,\n 40.63414749244045\n ],\n [\n -96.79976463317871,\n 40.63245394853916\n ],\n [\n -96.79779052734375,\n 40.63082550043328\n ],\n [\n -96.79684638977051,\n 40.63023924939319\n ],\n [\n -96.7979621887207,\n 40.62900159140642\n ],\n [\n -96.80027961730957,\n 40.6283501832525\n ],\n [\n -96.79985046386719,\n 40.62620049126207\n ],\n [\n -96.79839134216309,\n 40.62509304717129\n ],\n [\n -96.79684638977051,\n 40.62463703544358\n ],\n [\n -96.79032325744629,\n 40.626005061286286\n ],\n [\n -96.78689002990723,\n 40.62659134949805\n ],\n [\n -96.78551673889159,\n 40.628480465391625\n ],\n [\n -96.78525924682617,\n 40.630760361683\n ],\n [\n -96.78706169128418,\n 40.63369154253879\n ],\n [\n -96.79058074951172,\n 40.63655746162478\n ],\n [\n -96.79238319396973,\n 40.6377949795627\n ],\n [\n -96.79512977600098,\n 40.63864168914507\n ],\n [\n -96.7961597442627,\n 40.640139687483234\n ],\n [\n -96.79633140563965,\n 40.64320070998967\n ],\n [\n -96.79924964904785,\n 40.64587084902795\n ],\n [\n -96.80036544799805,\n 40.64600109698023\n ],\n [\n -96.80191040039062,\n 40.64548010364599\n ],\n [\n -96.80336952209473,\n 40.64137713901667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efd0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Windingstad, R. M.","contributorId":71124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windingstad","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, M.E.","contributorId":33661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Locke, Louis N.","contributorId":71233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kerr, S.M.","contributorId":16358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kerr","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sinn, J.A.","contributorId":15970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinn","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":46216,"text":"ofr80441 - 1980 - Maps showing hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco River area, Greenlee County, Arizona, 1978: A reconnaissance study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:01:32.102478","indexId":"ofr80441","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-441","title":"Maps showing hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco River area, Greenlee County, Arizona, 1978: A reconnaissance study","docAbstract":"The San Francisco River area includes about 950 square miles in Greenlee County in east-central Arizona. Water-resources development has been slight compared with that in many areas in Arizona. In 1978 about 500 acre-feet of water was diverted for irrigation from the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and about 550 acre-feet of ground water was withdrawn from wells for municipal use at Clifton. Surface water and ground water generally contained less than 500 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids; however, in the San Francisco River the dissolved-solids concentration increased from 263 to 885 milligrams per liter as the water moved downstream. The increase in dissolved solids was caused by inflow from springs near Clifton, one of which contained 11,700 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Information shown on the maps includes altitude of the water level, depth to water, well depth, streamflow characteristics of the San Francisco and Blue Rivers, and dissolved-solids and fluoride concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr80441","usgsCitation":"Mann, L.J., 1980, Maps showing hydrologic conditions in the San Francisco River area, Greenlee County, Arizona, 1978: A reconnaissance study (WRI/OFR): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-441, 2 Plate: 27.50 × 33.00 inches and 27.92 × 33.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr80441.","productDescription":"2 Plate: 27.50 × 33.00 inches and 27.92 × 33.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410221,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11635.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":83191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0441/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":83190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1980/0441/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Greenlee county","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco River area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.464,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -109.464,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109.05,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -109.05,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -109.464,\n 33.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"WRI/OFR","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605ad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mann, Larry J.","contributorId":48531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29280,"text":"wri8058 - 1980 - Effects of the rate of releases from Sam Rayburn Reservoir on the aeration capacity of the Angelina River, eastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:03:41.313138","indexId":"wri8058","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"80-58","title":"Effects of the rate of releases from Sam Rayburn Reservoir on the aeration capacity of the Angelina River, eastern Texas","docAbstract":"A three-phase study was conducted during July and August 1979 to determine the effects of varying release rates through the power-outlet works at Sam Rayburn Reservoir, eastern Texas, on aeration capacity of a 14-mile reach of the Angelina River below Sam Rayburn Dam. The dominant factors that affected the aeration capacity during the study time were time of travel and the dissolved-oxygen deficit of the releases. Aeration was low throughout the study but increased in response to increases in the dissolved-oxygen deficit and the duration of time that the releases were exposed to the atmosphere (time of travel). The average concentration of dissolved oxygen sustained by release of 8,800 cubic feet per second decreased from 5.0 milligrams per liter at a site near the power outlet to 4.8 milligrams per liter at a site about 14 miles downstream; the time of travel averaged about 8 hours. The average concentration of dissolved oxygen in flow sustained by releases of 2,200 cubic feet per second increased from 5.2 to 5.5 milligrams per liter; the time of travel averaged about 20 hours.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri8058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rawson, J., Goss, R.L., and Rathbun, I.G., 1980, Effects of the rate of releases from Sam Rayburn Reservoir on the aeration capacity of the Angelina River, eastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-58, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri8058.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415472,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35423.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":258643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258642,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1980/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Angelina River, Sam Rayburn Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.083,\n 30.8\n ],\n [\n -94.083,\n 31.113\n ],\n [\n -94.2,\n 31.113\n ],\n [\n -94.2,\n 30.8\n ],\n [\n -94.083,\n 30.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ec01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawson, Jack","contributorId":18345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawson","given":"Jack","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goss, Richard L.","contributorId":50178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goss","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rathbun, Ira G.","contributorId":78368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"Ira","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012216,"text":"70012216 - 1980 - Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T09:55:50","indexId":"70012216","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England","docAbstract":"Basal till was identified in two sediment cores collected about 69 kilometers southeast of Nantucket Island on the east and west sides of Great South Channel. These are the first samples of till collected on the outer continental shelf off the northeastern United States. The carbon-14 age of the total organic carbon in the tills provides a \"no older than\" age of about 20,000 years before present and suggests that the tills were deposited during the late Wisconsinan glaciation. This conclusion is in support of the hypothesis of an extensive Laurentide ice sheet that extended to the northern side of Georges Bank.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.210.4468.423","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., and Spiker, E.C., 1980, Upper Wisconsinan till recovered on the continental shelf southeast of New England: Science, v. 210, no. 4468, p. 423-425, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.210.4468.423.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"425","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"210","issue":"4468","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd4fe4b08c986b328f5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spiker, Elliott C.","contributorId":50174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"Elliott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169270,"text":"70169270 - 1980 - The Southern California uplift revisited","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-07T16:02:39","indexId":"70169270","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Southern California uplift revisited","docAbstract":"The earthquake that struck Livermore, east of San Francisco, on January 24 was the second moderate earthquake to have occurred in the San Francisco Bay area in 5 months. It raised familiar questions. Does this mean that the \"Big One\" is coming? Is the theater of heightened concern now in northern California.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kerr, R.A., 1980, The Southern California uplift revisited: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 12, no. 3, p. 98-103.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"103","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 35.146862906756304\n ],\n [\n -117.53173828125,\n 34.35250666867596\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -114.97192382812499,\n 33.201924189778936\n ],\n [\n -115.00488281250001,\n 33.6420625047537\n ],\n [\n -118.927001953125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -120.838623046875,\n 36.90597988519294\n ],\n [\n -119.410400390625,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 35.146862906756304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be53e4b0f59b85e02f34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kerr, R. A.","contributorId":152674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012354,"text":"70012354 - 1980 - Multiple ice flow directions during the Fraser Glaciation in the lower Skagit River drainage, northern Cascade Range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:40:44","indexId":"70012354","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple ice flow directions during the Fraser Glaciation in the lower Skagit River drainage, northern Cascade Range, Washington","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic mapping and pebble-count data suggest that ice flowed in three different directions in the lower Skagit drainage of the northern Cascade Range during the Fraser Glaciation (∼ 10K to 20K BP). Glacier reconstructions suggest that till exposed at one site in the lower Skagit Valley was deposited by a Baker Valley glacier that flowed westward down the Skagit Valley during the early part of the Fraser Glaciation (Evans Creek Stade). Stratigraphic relations show that the Cordilleran Ice Sheet subsequently advanced up the Skagit Valley and into the Baker Valley during the Vashon Stade. Flow-direction indicators, as well as clast compositional variations in till and recessional deposits of Vashon age, indicate that this upvalley, eastward-advancing glacier was later overwhelmed by southeast-flowing ice of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet which entered the Baker Valley across the valley divide to the northwest.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1550716","usgsCitation":"Heller, P.L., 1980, Multiple ice flow directions during the Fraser Glaciation in the lower Skagit River drainage, northern Cascade Range, Washington: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 299-308, https://doi.org/10.2307/1550716.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"308","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221944,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range, Skagit River drainage","volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606be4b0c8380cd71445","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heller, Paul L.","contributorId":83924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32553,"text":"pp1089 - 1980 - Preliminary correlation of post-Erie interstadial events (16,000-10,000 radiocarbon years before present), central and eastern Great Lakes region, and Hudson, Champlain, and St. Lawrence Lowlands, United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-08T21:37:20.681613","indexId":"pp1089","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1089","title":"Preliminary correlation of post-Erie interstadial events (16,000-10,000 radiocarbon years before present), central and eastern Great Lakes region, and Hudson, Champlain, and St. Lawrence Lowlands, United States and Canada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1089","usgsCitation":"Fullerton, D.S., 1980, Preliminary correlation of post-Erie interstadial events (16,000-10,000 radiocarbon years before present), central and eastern Great Lakes region, and Hudson, Champlain, and St. Lawrence Lowlands, United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1089, Report: iv, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 49.50 x 39.50 inches and 44.50 x 39.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1089.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 49.50 x 39.50 inches and 44.50 x 39.50 inches","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416829,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93009.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60386,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1089/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60387,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":164372,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60385,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89,\n 47.6469\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 39.5933\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 39.5933\n ],\n [\n -69,\n 47.6469\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 47.6469\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fullerton, David S. fullerton@usgs.gov","contributorId":448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fullerton","given":"David","email":"fullerton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":208669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047444,"text":"70047444 - 1979 - Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8222,"text":"ofr79414 - 1979 - Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr79414","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047444,"text":"70047444 - 1979 - Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047444","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T14:38:32.722352","indexId":"70047444","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:07:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":143,"text":"Water Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"47","title":"Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Monroe County is on the eastern border of Pennsylvania and includes much of the area popularly called the Poconos. It is an area long used for outdoor recreation and includes a part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Water resources in the county are derived from precipitation. The Lehigh and Delaware Rivers, bordering the northwestern and southeastern parts, respectively, are the drains for surface-water and groundwater discharge and are essentially unused for water supply.","language":"English","publisher":"Pennsylvania Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Harrisburg, PA","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lloyd, O.B., and Carswell, L.D., 1979, Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania: Water Resource Report 47, Report: vii, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 54.25 x 42.00 inches.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 61 p.; 1 Plate: 54.25 x 42.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276113,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047444.PNG"},{"id":276110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://maps.dcnr.pa.gov/publications/Default.aspx?id=144","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.647438,40.813526 ], [ -75.647438,41.253632 ], [ -74.966704,41.253632 ], [ -74.966704,40.813526 ], [ -75.647438,40.813526 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae4e4b0e21cafa49c4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lloyd, Orville B. Jr.","contributorId":47639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Orville","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carswell, Louis D.","contributorId":17259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221460,"text":"5221460 - 1979 - Recovery of breeding success in a population of brown pelicans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T17:39:52","indexId":"5221460","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:56","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recovery of breeding success in a population of brown pelicans","docAbstract":"Breeding populations of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) declined during the 1960's on both east and west coasts of the United States. In 1969, colonies in South Carolina fledged an average of 0.78 young per nest (Blus et al. 1974b), and those in California only 0.004 (Anderson et al. 1975). The minimum production for population stability has been estimated to be 1.0 to 1.2 fledglings per nest (Henny 1972, Anderson et al. 1977). The South Carolina population may have decreased by as much as 80% during the previous decade (Blus 1970).
Organochlorine pesticides were implicated as a cause of population decline. Eggs from South Carolina contained an average of 5.4 parts per million (ppm) of DDE (wet weight basis) in 1969, and those from California about 70 ppm wet weight (Blus et al. 1974a, Anderson et al. 1975). Shells of South Carolina brown pelican eggs were,17% thinner than normal, and those from California were 30% thinner, compared with shells of eggs laid before DDE was introduced in 1947 (Blus et al. 1974a, Anderson et al. 1975); crushed eggs were common in the colonies. DDE was the primary cause of shell thinning (Blus et al. 1971), but dieldrin was also associated with breeding failure, and both may be embryotoxic (Porter and Wiemeyer 1969, Longcore et al. 1971, Blus et al. 1974b).
Brown pelicans also declined in Louisiana and Texas during this period, in association with shell thinning and relatively high organochlorine levels (Anderson and Hickey 1970, Blus et al. 1975, King et al. 1977). Eggs of pelicans in Florida, however, contained lower residues, and numbers have remained stable (Williams and Martin 1970). In 1969, the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center and Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge initiated an intensive study of the South Carolina population. Size of the breeding colonies, production, eggshell thickness, and organochlorine residues were monitored each year. Between 1969 and 1976 organochlorines in the eggs declined gradually, reproductive success improved, and the breeding population doubled (Blus et al. 1979).
We have continued to monitor the South Carolina brown pelican population. Results for 1977 and 1978 are presented here, with an evaluation of the significance and possible causes of current breeding success.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1978 conference of the colonial waterbird group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1978 conference of the colonial waterbird group","conferenceDate":"October 20-23, 1978","conferenceLocation":"New York, NY","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1520936","usgsCitation":"Mendenhall, V.M., and Prouty, R.M., 1979, Recovery of breeding success in a population of brown pelicans, in Proceedings of the 1978 conference of the colonial waterbird group, v. 2, New York, NY, October 20-23, 1978, p. 65-70, https://doi.org/10.2307/1520936.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"70","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a37e4b07f02db61c399","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Southern, William E.","contributorId":68919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Southern","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729783,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mendenhall, Vivian M.","contributorId":98405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendenhall","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":333901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prouty, Richard M.","contributorId":79121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prouty","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012515,"text":"70012515 - 1979 - Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:29:03.341509","indexId":"70012515","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","docAbstract":"Analyses of 24 high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that were collected during local and regional surveys show that small-scale slump deposite are ubiquitous whthin the intercanyon areas of the Continental Slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight. The deposits involve the upper 10-90 m of sediments, extend downslops for 1.8-7.2 km, and are present at water depths ranging from 545 to 1500 m. The characteristics of the deposits vary from thin, homogeneous or fairly regularly bedded lenses of sediment, to masses of intermediate thickness with contorted bedding, to relatively large slump blocks. A detailed survey of one slump mass just south of Hudson Canyon (by means of close-spaced Minisparker profiles and sediment cores) showed that it had a thickness of about 30 m and a volume of at least 0.4 km3 and consisted of homogeneous clay which accumulated rapidly during the late Pleistocene or Holocene. Although some of the slump deposits undoubtedly are relict, stemming from sediment instability porduced by rapid deposition during Pleistocene sea-level regressions, others were formed relatively recently. Possible causes of modern slumps include gas generation in the sediments, bottom-water turbulence on the upper slope, and shallow faulting. This study indicates that small-scale slumping in the intercanyon areas may be an important process in transporting sediments to the deep sea and suggests that recent mass movements may constitute a geologic hazard to future economic development of this part of the Continental Slope.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebes, H., and Carson, B., 1979, Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Middle Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.88771708896576,\n 40.263326615601756\n ],\n [\n -74.45922882846764,\n 38.633058616550365\n ],\n [\n -75.58169389106907,\n 37.103688088321874\n ],\n [\n -72.89701653441095,\n 36.7128742895589\n ],\n [\n -71.92570445520803,\n 40.263326615601756\n ],\n [\n -73.88771708896576,\n 40.263326615601756\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b919ae4b08c986b3199c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebes, H.J.","contributorId":19291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebes","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carson, Bobb","contributorId":38285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Bobb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012504,"text":"70012504 - 1979 - Two areas of probable holocene deformation in southwestern Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T16:18:27.471378","indexId":"70012504","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Two areas of probable holocene deformation in southwestern Utah","docAbstract":"Recent geologic studies in southwestern Utah indicate two areas of probable Holocene ground deformation.
1. (1) A narrow arm of Lake Bonneville is known to have extended southward into Escalante Valley as far as Lund, Utah. Remnants of weakly developed shoreline features, which we have recently found, suggest that Lake Bonnevile covered an area of about 800 km2 beyond its previously recognized limits near Lund. Shoreline elevations show a gradual increase from 1553 m near Lund to 1584 m at a point 50 km further southwest, representing a reversal of the pattern that would result from isostatic rebound. The conspicuously flat floor of Escalante Valley covers an additional 100 km2 southward toward Enterprise, where its elevation is greater than 1610 m, but no shoreline features are recognizable; therefore, the former presence of the lake is only suspected. The measured 31-m rise over 50 km and the suspected 57-m rise in elevation over 70 km apparently occurred after Lake Bonnevile abandoned this area. The abandonment could have occurred as recently as 13,000 years ago, in which case the uplift is mainly of Holocene age. It probably has a deep-seated tectonic origin because it is situated above an inferred 9-km upwarp of the mantle that has been reported beneath the southern part of Escalante Valley on the basis of teleseismic P-wave residuals.
2. (2) Numerous closed topographic basins, ranging from a few hundred square meters to 1 km2 in area, are found at various elevations along the west margin of the Colorado Plateau northeast of Cedar City. Geologic mapping in that area indicates that the basins are located over complex structural depressions in which the rocks are faulted and folded. Several of the depressions are perched along the walls of the West Fork of Braffits Creek, one of a few north-draining creeks that have incised deeply into the plateau margin. Extremely active modern erosion by the creek has produced a 6-km-long gorge along which excellent exposures provide good evidence that the topographic depressions, as well as the entire valley, are located over a north-trending structural graben in which rocks of Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary age are complexly deformed. The trough appears to be actively subsiding, as evidenced by inward-dipping youthful scarps and V-shaped trenches found along both walls of the valley. The scarp on the east side is continuous for 1.5 km, and that on the west is discontinuous for the same distance. Charcoal-bearing alluvium from a sequence of faulted sedimentary debris in the inner gorge has yielded discordant dates by the 14C technique, but the dates suggest that at least 6 m of fault displacement occurred during the Late Holocene.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90257-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Anderson, R., and Bucknam, R., 1979, Two areas of probable holocene deformation in southwestern Utah: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 417-430, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90257-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"430","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"southwestern Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.13988686177788,\n 38.76852920061029\n ],\n [\n -112.13988686177788,\n 36.95389428410948\n ],\n [\n -109.0304136471782,\n 36.95389428410948\n ],\n [\n -109.0304136471782,\n 38.76852920061029\n ],\n [\n -112.13988686177788,\n 38.76852920061029\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb94be4b08c986b327baf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, R.E.","contributorId":91479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bucknam, R.C.","contributorId":35744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucknam","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012412,"text":"70012412 - 1979 - Vertical crustal movements in the Charleston, South Carolina-Savannah, Georgia area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T16:31:15.061746","indexId":"70012412","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical crustal movements in the Charleston, South Carolina-Savannah, Georgia area","docAbstract":"First-order vertical level surveys (National Geodetic Survey) repeated between 1955 and 1975 suggest that modern vertical crustal movements have taken place in the Atlantic Coastal Plain between Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia. The relative sense of these movements correlates with the sense of displacement of Tertiary strata on known geologic structures. Whereas regional dip of strata in most of the Atlantic Coastal Plain is southeasterly, the regional dip of Tertiary strata in this part of the Coastal Plain averages 2 m/km to the south or southwest. Positive structural features disturb this regional dip along a poorly defined zone, about 25 km wide, parallel to the coast between Savannah and Charleston. Structural relief on these features is as much as 20 m. Repeated level lines that cross the Atlantic Coastal Plain elsewhere generally show an increase in modern relative subsidence from west to east. However, in the Charleston—Savannah area, the amount of relative subsidence remains fairly constant or decreases from west to east across the structural highs. At two localities near Charleston, where Tertiary beds are offset by faults roughly on strike with one another, an abrupt break in a repeated level line occurs where the level line crosses the probable extensions of these faults. The average modern rates of relative uplift and subsidence (assuming they are constant) are compatible with rates noted throughout the Coastal Plain. Long-term extrapolation of modern rates appears unreasonable; episodic or oscillatory movements are much more likely.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90223-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Lyttle, P.T., Gohn, G., Higgins, B., and Wright, D., 1979, Vertical crustal movements in the Charleston, South Carolina-Savannah, Georgia area: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90223-3.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.89939091011503,\n 33.56449440727431\n ],\n [\n -81.89939091011503,\n 31.94598797126214\n ],\n [\n -79.42308747915132,\n 31.94598797126214\n ],\n [\n -79.42308747915132,\n 33.56449440727431\n ],\n [\n -81.89939091011503,\n 33.56449440727431\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc22fe4b08c986b32a9a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyttle, Peter T.","contributorId":244786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyttle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":363478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S. ggohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":147414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgins, Brenda","contributorId":106106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"Brenda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, D.S.","contributorId":56799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70010424,"text":"70010424 - 1979 - Quaternary crustal deformation along a major branch of the San Andreas fault in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T16:47:46.74958","indexId":"70010424","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary crustal deformation along a major branch of the San Andreas fault in central California","docAbstract":"Deformed marine terraces and alluvial deposits record Quaternary crustal deformation along segments of a major, seismically active branch of the San Andreas fault which extends 190 km SSE roughly parallel to the California coastline from Bolinas Lagoon to the Point Sur area. Most of this complex fault zone lies offshore (mapped by others using acoustical techniques), but a 4-km segment (Seal Cove fault) near Half Moon Bay and a 26-km segment (San Gregorio fault) between San Gregorio and Point Ano Nuevo lie onshore.
At Half Moon Bay, right-lateral slip and N—S horizontal compression are expressed by a broad, synclinal warp in the first (lowest: 125 ka?) and second marine terraces on the NE side of the Seal Cove fault. This structure plunges to the west at an oblique angle into the fault plane. Linear, joint0controlled stream courses draining the coastal uplands are deflected toward the topographic depression along the synclinal axis where they emerge from the hills to cross the lowest terrace. Streams crossing the downwarped part of this terrace adjacent to Half Moon Bay are depositing alluvial fans, whereas streams crossing the uplifted southern limb of the syncline southwest of the bay are deeply incised. Minimum crustal shortening across this syncline parallel to the fault is 0.7% over the past 125 ka, based on deformation of the shoreline angle of the first terrace.
Between San Gregorio and Point Ano Nuevo the entire fault zone is 2.5–3.0 km wide and has three primary traces or zones of faulting consisting of numerous en-echelon and anastomozing secondary fault traces. Lateral discontinuities and variable deformation of well-preserved marine terrace sequences help define major structural blocks and document differential motions in this area and south to Santa Cruz. Vertical displacement occurs on all of the fault traces, but is small compared to horizontal displacement. Some blocks within the fault zone are intensely faulted and steeply tilted. One major block 0.8 km wide east of Point Ano Nuevo is downdropped as much as 20 m between two primary traces to form a graben presently filling with Holocene deposits. Where exposed in the sea cliff, these deposits are folded into a vertical attitude adjacent to the fault plane forming the south-west margin of the graben. Near Point Ano Nuevo sedimentary deposits and fault rubble beneath a secondary high-angle reverse fault record three and possibly six distinct offset events in the past 125 ka.
The three primary fault traces offset in a right-lateral sense the shoreline angles of the two lowest terraces east of Point Ano Nuevo. The rates of displacement on the three traces are similar. The average rate of horizontal offset across the entire zone is between 0.63 and 1.30 cm/yr, based on an amino-acid age estimate of 125 ka for the first terrace, and a reasonable guess of 200–400 ka for the second terrace. Rates of this magnitude make up a significant part of the deficit between long-term relative plate motions (estimated by others to be about 6 cm/yr) and present displacement rates along other parts of the San Andreas fault system (about 3.2 cm/yr).
Northwestward tilt and convergence of six marine terraces northeast of Ano Nuevo (southwest side of the fault zone) indicate continuous gentle warping associated with right-lateral displacement since early or middle Pleistocene time. Minimum local crustal shortening of this block parallel to the fault is 0.2% based on tilt of the highest terrace. Five major, evenly spaced terraces southeast of Ano Nuevo on the southwest flank of Mt. Ben Lomond (northeast side of the fault zone) rise to an elevation of 240 m, indicating relatively constant uplift (about 0.19 m/ka and southwestward tilt since Early or Middle Pleistocene time (Bradley and Griggs, 1976).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90250-6","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Weber, G.E., Lajoie, K.R., and Wehmiller, J., 1979, Quaternary crustal deformation along a major branch of the San Andreas fault in central California: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 378-379, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90250-6.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"378","endPage":"379","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.5194629235352,\n 37.973169375002726\n ],\n [\n -120.05133073107262,\n 35.654205501747015\n ],\n [\n -118.17267019978546,\n 33.17708096559648\n ],\n [\n -117.02307974497106,\n 33.24006195557827\n ],\n [\n -120.19211617365147,\n 38.46789540600368\n ],\n [\n -121.5194629235352,\n 37.973169375002726\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a928ce4b0c8380cd8090a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weber, G. E.","contributorId":28612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lajoie, K. R.","contributorId":6828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lajoie","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wehmiller, J.F.","contributorId":37891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehmiller","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010272,"text":"70010272 - 1979 - Initiation and development of the southern California uplift along its northern margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-05T16:14:37.25027","indexId":"70010272","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initiation and development of the southern California uplift along its northern margin","docAbstract":"Analysis of three first-order leveling lines that traverse the White Wolf fault (site of the 1952 M = 7.7 earthquake), each resurveyed nine times between 1926 and 1974, reveals probable preseismic tilting, major coseismic movements, and a spatial association between these movements and the subsequently recognized southern California uplift. In examining the vertical control record, we have both searched for evidence of systematic errors and excluded from consideration portions of the lines contaminated by subsurface fluid and gas extraction. Movements have been referred to an invariant datum based on the 1926 position of tidal BM 8 in San Pedro, corrected for subsequent eustatic sea-level change.
An 8 μrad up-to-the-north preseismic tilt (6 cm/7.5 km) was apparently recorded on two adjacent line segments within 10 km of the 1952 epicenter between 1942 and 1947. It is possible, however, that this tilt was in part caused by extraction-induced subsidence at one of the six releveled benchmarks. Data also show evidence of episodic tilts that are not earthquake related. At the junction of the Garlock and San Andreas faults, for example, an ≥5 μrad up-to-the-north tilt (7.2 cm/≤16 km) took place between Lebec and Grapevine within three months during 1964.
Comparison of the 1947 and 1953 surveys, which includes the coseismic interval, shows that the SW-fault end (nearest the epicenter) and the central fault reach sustained four times the uplift recorded at the NE end of the fault (+72 cm SW, +53 cm Central, +16 cm NE). A regional postseismic uplift of 4 cm extended ≥25 km to either side of the fault after the main event, from 1953 to 1956. An interval of relative quiescence followed at least through 1959, in which the elevation change did not exceed ±3 cm.
The detailed pattern of aseismic uplift demonstrates that movement proceeded in space—time pulses: one half of the uplift at the SW-fault end and extending southward occurred between 1959 and 1961, one half of the uplift at the NE-fault end and extending eastward occurred between 1961 and 1965, while the central fault reach sustained successive pulses of subsidence, uplift, and collapse (−4 cm, 1953–1960; +7 cm, 1960–1965; −2 cm, 1965–1970). In addition, the number of aftershocks concentrated near the fault ends increased in the NE relative to the SW from 1952 to 1974. These observations suggest that the aseismic uplift may have migrated northeastward from 1959 to 1965 at an approximate rate of 7–16 km/yr.
Evidence for a mechanical coupling between the earthquake and the subsequent aseismic uplift is equivocal. At both fault ends, the major NWbounding flexure or tilted front of the southern California uplift is spatially coincident with the coseismic flexure that preceded it. In addition, the postulated migration of vertical deformation is similar to the 1952 seismic event in which the rupture initiated at the SW end of the fault and then propagated to the NE-fault end. However, the spatial distribution of aseismic uplift, nearly identical at both fault ends and to the south and east, and near zero in the central fault reach, is distinctly different from the nonuniform and localized coseismic deformation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90234-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., Thatcher, W., and Castle, R.O., 1979, Initiation and development of the southern California uplift along its northern margin: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 301-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90234-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"301","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.7291858900493,\n 35.46353030675584\n ],\n [\n -120.7291858900493,\n 32.603965801918534\n ],\n [\n -114.22074772045107,\n 32.603965801918534\n ],\n [\n -114.22074772045107,\n 35.46353030675584\n ],\n [\n -120.7291858900493,\n 35.46353030675584\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3befe4b0c8380cd62948","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castle, R. O.","contributorId":79880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castle","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70010335,"text":"70010335 - 1979 - Earthquake recurrence on the Calaveras fault east of San Jose, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T16:51:14.982934","indexId":"70010335","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake recurrence on the Calaveras fault east of San Jose, California","docAbstract":"Occurrence of small (3 ⩽ ML < 4) earthquakes on two 10-km segments of the Calaveras fault between Calaveras and Anderson reservoirs follows a simple linear pattern of elastic strain accumulation and release. The centers of these independent patches of earthquake activity are 20 km apart. Each region is characterized by a constant rate of seismic slip as computed from earthquake magnitudes, and is assumed to be an isolated locked patch on a creeping fault surface. By calculating seismic slip rates and the amount of seismic slip since the time of the last significant (M ⩾ 3) earthquake, it is possible to estimate the most likely date of the next (M ⩾- 3) event on each patch. The larger the last significant event, the longer the time until the next one. The recurrence time also appears to be increased according to the moment of smaller (2 < ML < 3) events in the interim. The anticipated times of future larger events on each patch, on the basis of preliminary location data through May 1977 and estimates of interim activity, are tabulated below with standard errors. The occurrence time for the southern zone is based on eight recurrent events since 1969, the northern zone on only three. The 95% confidence limits can be estimated as twice the standard error of the projected least-squares line. Events of M ⩾ 3 should not occur in the specified zones at times outside these limits. The central region between the two zones was the locus of two events (M = 3.6, 3.3) on July 3, 1977. These events occurred prior to a window based on the three point, post-1969 slip-time line for the central region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90277-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C.G., Harsh, P., and Burford, R.O., 1979, Earthquake recurrence on the Calaveras fault east of San Jose, California: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 603-603, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90277-4.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"603","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Jose","otherGeospatial":"Calaveras fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.86532830653152,\n 37.52332164696976\n ],\n [\n -121.86532830653152,\n 37.42278769737207\n ],\n [\n -121.73138190198938,\n 37.42278769737207\n ],\n [\n -121.73138190198938,\n 37.52332164696976\n ],\n [\n -121.86532830653152,\n 37.52332164696976\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a04ffe4b0c8380cd50bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, Charles G. cbufe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"Charles","email":"cbufe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":358663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harsh, Philip W.","contributorId":18028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"Philip W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012471,"text":"70012471 - 1979 - Seismic refraction study of the continental edge off the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T16:15:04.836002","indexId":"70012471","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic refraction study of the continental edge off the eastern United States","docAbstract":"Three long, strike-parallel, seismic-refraction profiles were made on the continental shelf edge, slope and upper rise off New Jersey during 1975. The shelf edge line lies along the axis of the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA), while the continental rise line lies 80 km seaward of the shelf edge. Below the unconsolidated sediments (1.7–3.6 km/sec), high-velocity sedimentary rocks (4.2–6.2 km/sec) were found at depths of 2.6–8.2 km and are inferred to be cemented carbonates. Although multichannel seismic-reflection profiles and magnetic depth-to-source data predicted the top of oceanic basement at 6–8 km beneath the shelf edge and 10–11 km beneath the rise, no refracted events occurred as first arrivals from either oceanic basement (layer 2, approximately 5.5 km/ sec) or the upper oceanic crust (layer 3A, approximately 6.8 km/sec). Second arrivals from 10.5 km depth beneath the shelf edge are interpreted as events from a 5.9 km/sec refractor within igneous basement. Other refracted events from either layers 2 or 3A could not be resolved within the complex second arrivals. A well-defined crustal layer with a compressional velocity of 7.1–7.2 km/sec, which can be interpreted as oceanic layer 3B, occurred at 15.8 km depth beneath the shelf and 12.9 km beneath the upper rise. A well-reversed mantle velocity of 8.3 km/sec was measured at 18–22 km depth beneath the upper continental rise. Comparison with other deep-crustal profiles along the continental edge of the Atlantic margin off the United States, specifically in the inner magnetically quiet zone, indicates that the compressional wave velocities and layer depths determined on the U.S.G.S. profiles are very similar to those of nearby profiles. This suggests that the layers are continuous and that the interpretation of the oceanic layer 3B under the shelf edge east of New Jersey implies progradation of the shelf outward over the oceanic crust in that area. This agrees with magnetic anomaly evidence which shows the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly landward of the shelf edge off New Jersey and with previous seismic reflection data which reveal extensive outbuilding of the shelf edge during the Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous, probably by carbonate bank-margin accretion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90036-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Sheridan, R.E., Grow, J.A., Behrendt, J.C., and Bayer, K., 1979, Seismic refraction study of the continental edge off the eastern United States: Tectonophysics, v. 59, no. 1-4, p. 1-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90036-2.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast Magnetic Anomaly","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.77259955569362,\n 40.78284966218726\n ],\n [\n -75.34403545620954,\n 38.81839660657491\n ],\n [\n -75.14664333581237,\n 38.07265831030233\n ],\n [\n -73.57301878414793,\n 40.01936299572219\n ],\n [\n -73.77259955569362,\n 40.78284966218726\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"59","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b52e4b08c986b31774e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheridan, R. E.","contributorId":36681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheridan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bayer, K.C.","contributorId":45714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":36801,"text":"fwsobs78_81A - 1979 - Surface mining and fish/wildlife needs in the eastern United States: addendum to proceedings of a symposium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T17:37:53","indexId":"fwsobs78_81A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"78/81A","title":"Surface mining and fish/wildlife needs in the eastern United States: addendum to proceedings of a symposium","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Stauffer, J.R., Hocutt, C.H., and Mason, W., 1979, Surface mining and fish/wildlife needs in the eastern United States: addendum to proceedings of a symposium: FWS/OBS 78/81A, 125 p. : ill.; 26 cm.","productDescription":"125 p. : ill.; 26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":94100,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015000763469?urlappend=%3Bseq=7"},{"id":165693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d6a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Samuel, David E.","contributorId":56284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749501,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stauffer, Jay R.","contributorId":51816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hocutt, Charles H.","contributorId":41493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hocutt","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mason, William T.","contributorId":27516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"William T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}