{"pageNumber":"3698","pageRowStart":"92425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70162695,"text":"70162695 - 1996 - Incidence of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infections in juvenile hatchery spring chinook salmon in the Columbia and Snake Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T09:41:23","indexId":"70162695","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidence of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infections in juvenile hatchery spring chinook salmon in the Columbia and Snake Rivers","docAbstract":"<p><span>From 1988 through 1992, we assessed the prevalence (frequency of occurrence) and severity (degree of infection) of </span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span> (RS) among fish in marked groups of Columbia River basin and Snake River basin hatchery spring chinook salmon&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span> before release and during their seaward migration. During the study, prevalence of RS infection decreased (from &gt;90% to &lt;65%) in six of the eight hatchery groups. We attributed this decrease to changes in hatchery practices that reduced vertical and horizontal transmission. Fish from Snake River hatcheries had a higher prevalence of infection when sampled at dams (mean &gt;90%) than in the hatchery (mean &lt;70%), but there were no differences in similar comparisons of Columbia River fish. Although prevalence and severity of RS infection were not correlated in the groups studied, it appears that fish from the Snake River were more severely infected than those from the Columbia River. Some groups of Snake River fish had higher severity of infection at dams than in the hatchery, but infection in fish from Columbia River hatcheries did not change. These differences between Snake River and Columbia River fish might have resulted from differences in river conditions and the distances from hatcheries to dams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0037:IORSII>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Rondorf, D., Beeman, J., and Haner, P., 1996, Incidence of <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> infections in juvenile hatchery spring chinook salmon in the Columbia and Snake Rivers: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 8, no. 1, p. 37-46, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0037:IORSII>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River, Snake River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b68e4b0403299f53a7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rondorf, D.W.","contributorId":80789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":590177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beeman, J.W.","contributorId":32646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haner, P.V.","contributorId":63912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"P.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70162701,"text":"70162701 - 1996 -  First record predation on white sturgeon eggs by sympatric fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T10:25:09","indexId":"70162701","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":" First record predation on white sturgeon eggs by sympatric fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>We report the occurrence of white sturgeon </span><i>Acipenser transmontanus</i><span> eggs in guts of four species of fish from the Columbia River. Three of the species—northern squawfish&nbsp;</span><i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i><span>, largescale sucker </span><i>Catostomus macrocheilus</i><span>, and prickly sentpin&nbsp;</span><i>Cottus asper</i><span>—are native to the river and one, common carp </span><i>Cvprinus carpio</i><span>, is exotic.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0338:FROPOW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Miller, A.I., and Beckman, L., 1996,  First record predation on white sturgeon eggs by sympatric fishes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 2, p. 338-340, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0338:FROPOW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"338","endPage":"340","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315036,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89453125,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.8154296875,\n              41.918628865183045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b3ce4b0403299f53970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beckman, L.G.","contributorId":46375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beckman","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162646,"text":"70162646 - 1996 - The glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: Analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-01T15:53:34","indexId":"70162646","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3699,"text":"Virus Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: Analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses","docAbstract":"<p><span>The nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein genes and all of the internal gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) have been determined from cDNA clones generated from viral genomic RNA. The SVCV glycoprotein gene sequence is 1588 nucleotides (nt) long and encodes a 509 amino acid (aa) protein. The HIRRV glycoprotein gene sequence comprises 1612 nt, coding for a 508 aa protein. In sequence comparisons of 15 rhabdovirus glycoproteins, the SVCV glycoprotein gene showed the highest amino acid sequence identity (31.2-33.2%) with vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), Chandipura virus (CHPV) and vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV). The HIRRV glycoprotein gene showed a very high amino acid sequence identity (74.3%) with the glycoprotein gene of another fish pathogenic rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), but no significant similarity with glycoproteins of VSIV or rabies virus (RABV). In phylogenetic analyses SVCV was grouped consistently with VSIV, VSNJV and CHPV in the Vesiculovirus genus of Rhabdoviridae. The fish rhabdoviruses HIRRV, IHNV and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) showed close relationships with each other, but only very distant relationships with mammalian rhabdoviruses. The gene junctions are highly conserved between SVCV and VSIV, well conserved between IHNV and HIRRV, but not conserved between HIRRV/IHNV and RABV. Based on the combined results we suggest that the fish lyssa-type rhabdoviruses HIRRV, IHNV and VHSV may be grouped in their own genus within the family Rhabdoviridae. Aquarhabdovirus has been proposed for the name of this new genus.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":" Elsevier Science ","doi":"10.1016/0168-1702(96)01300-7","usgsCitation":"Bjorklund, H., Higman, K., and Kurath, G., 1996, The glycoprotein genes and gene junctions of the fish rhabdoviruses spring viremia of carp virus and hirame rhabdovirus: Analysis of relationships with other rhabdoviruses: Virus Research, v. 42, no. 1-2, p. 65-80, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1702(96)01300-7.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08fefe4b010e2af2a5e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjorklund, H.V.","contributorId":152581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorklund","given":"H.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Higman, K.H.","contributorId":152580,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higman","given":"K.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162690,"text":"70162690 - 1996 - Effects of temperature on the development and survival of eggs of four coastal California fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T18:10:50","indexId":"70162690","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1663,"text":"Fishery Bulletin","printIssn":"0090-0656","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of temperature on the development and survival of eggs of four coastal California fishes","docAbstract":"<p>Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on egg development and survival of four fish species found off southern California. Our objectives were to further understanding ofnatural spawning patterns and to aid in identifying and ageing field-collected specimens. An egg-staging procedure was devised and eggs were observed every two hours during development at a range of temperatures (8-28°Cl. Barred sand bass, Parolabrax nebulifer, eggs survived to hatching and produced viable embryos at the highest temperature range (l6-28°C), reflecting this species'summerspawning season. Fantail sole, Xystreurys liolepis, eggs also hatched at a higher temperature range (l6-24°C). This species spawns primarily from summer through fall. Eggs of the two species with winter-spring spawning peaks, white croaker, Genyonemuslineatus, and California halibut, Paralichthys californicus, had lower temperature-tolerance ranges (12- 2O\"C). Developmental rate at a specific temperature did not significantly differ between species, whereas within tolerance limits, temperature strongly affected rate of development for all species. Time to hatching for all species was inversely related to temperature, and the relationship was approximately exponential. Species-specific differences in egg-stage sequence were observed; embryonic organogenesisin relation to germ-ring migration and blastopore closure was faster for barred sand bass and fantail sole than for white croaker and California halibut.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Marine Fisheries Service","usgsCitation":"Gadomski, D., and Caddell, S., 1996, Effects of temperature on the development and survival of eggs of four coastal California fishes: Fishery Bulletin, v. 94, no. 1, p. 41-48.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315018,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/941/gadomski.pdf","text":"pdf"},{"id":352111,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/spo/FishBull/941/941toc.htm"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b4de4b0403299f539d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gadomski, D.M.","contributorId":37101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadomski","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caddell, S.M.","contributorId":152681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caddell","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70162704,"text":"70162704 - 1996 - Feeding response by northern squawfish to a hatchery release of juvenile salmonids in the Clearwater River, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T10:43:52","indexId":"70162704","displayToPublicDate":"2015-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding response by northern squawfish to a hatchery release of juvenile salmonids in the Clearwater River, Idaho","docAbstract":"<p class=\"last\">We collected gut contents from northern squawfish <i>Ptychocheilus oregonensis</i> captured in the Clearwater River, Idaho, 0–6 km from its confluence with the Snake River, following the release of 1.1 million yearling chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> from the Dworshak National Fish Hatchery. Before the hatchery release, northern squawfish gut contents (by weight) in the study area were 38% crayfish <i>Pacifastacus</i> spp., 26% insects, 19% nonsalmonid fish, and 16% wheat kernels <i>Triticum</i> spp. Juvenile salmonids constituted 54% of gut contents about 24 h after the hatchery release, 78% after 5 d, and 86% after 7 d. The mean number of salmonids per gut (1.2) after release was higher than typically seen in guts from northern squawfish collected in mid-reservoir areas away from hydroelectric dams on the Snake and Columbia rivers. Length-frequency distributions of juvenile salmonids eaten and those captured in a scoop trap 4 km upstream of the study area indicated that northern squawfish were selectively feeding on the smaller individuals. We attribute the high rates of predation in the study area to the artificially high density of juvenile salmonids resulting from the hatchery release and to the physical characteristics of the study area in which the river changed from free flowing to impounded. Our results suggest that northern squawfish can quickly exploit hatchery releases of juvenile salmonids away from release sites in the Columbia River basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0230:FRBNST>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Shively, R., Poe, T., and Sauter, S., 1996, Feeding response by northern squawfish to a hatchery release of juvenile salmonids in the Clearwater River, Idaho: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 2, p. 230-236, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0230:FRBNST>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Clearwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.64459228515625,\n              46.53619267489863\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.79222106933592,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92268371582033,\n              46.458200503067104\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03254699707033,\n              46.44495436541506\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03666687011719,\n              46.438330088481734\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03529357910156,\n              46.39288477777805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.87255859374999,\n              46.41040464340645\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75445556640625,\n              46.449212403852584\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.63772583007811,\n              46.48941079543941\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62124633789061,\n              46.5002829039397\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.64459228515625,\n              46.53619267489863\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b4fe4b0403299f539e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shively, R.S.","contributorId":79642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauter, S.T.","contributorId":13203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70162698,"text":"70162698 - 1996 - Immune and endocrine responses of adult spring Chinook salmon during freshwater migration and sexual maturation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T10:10:18","indexId":"70162698","displayToPublicDate":"2015-08-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Immune and endocrine responses of adult spring Chinook salmon during freshwater migration and sexual maturation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The immune –endocrine responses in spring chinook salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>) were examined during their freshwater migration and final maturation. In 1990, migrating fish had high plasma cortisol titres (means 200 ng ml</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and generated relatively few antibody-producing cells (APC) from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) (100 –200 per culture). After three weeks acclimation in constant environmental conditions, plasma cortisol was reduced and APC increased. There were no changes in number or affinity of glucocorticoid receptors. Concentrations of several sex steroids correlated with APC in females, but there were no such correlations in males. In 1993, fish in a hatchery had significantly greater cortisol concentrations in primary circulation than in secondary circulation, but sex steroid concentrations did not differ between circulations. Mean lysozyme activity in the primary and secondary circulation did not differ in June. In August, activity in the primary circulation was significantly less than that of the secondary, perhaps the result of acute stress associated with sampling. While some sex steroids correlated with lysozyme activity, the fact that in both years all endocrine and immune variables that correlated with each other also correlated with the date of sample, raises the question as to whether or not these are cause-and-effect relations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1006/fsim.1996.0022","usgsCitation":"Maule, A., Schrock, R., Slater, C., Fitzpatrick, M., and Schreck, C.B., 1996, Immune and endocrine responses of adult spring Chinook salmon during freshwater migration and sexual maturation: Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 221-233, https://doi.org/10.1006/fsim.1996.0022.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":315032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b67e4b0403299f53a77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maule, A.G.","contributorId":45067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maule","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schrock, R. M.","contributorId":27218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrock","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slater, C.","contributorId":152686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, M.S.","contributorId":16194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schreck, C. B.","contributorId":116862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreck","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70157481,"text":"70157481 - 1996 - The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T17:05:30","indexId":"70157481","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Pretty Lake is a 64 acre, sandy-bottomed groundwater flow-through lake that has a history of hydrologic disturbance. Residents and regulators require a better understanding of lake-groundwater interaction to develop measures to protect the lake's hydrologic system and water quality. A groundwater flow model was constructed as a tool to synthesize field data collected at the site, delineate recharge areas that supply groundwater to the lake, and predict die effect of dredging an adjacent drainage ditch. The one layer, two-dimensional steady-state areal model used analytic element (AE) methods because they are quick to apply and include sophisticated simulation of groundwater-surface water interaction. The model calibrated well to groundwater heads (mean absolute difference = 0.05 m), lake stage (within 0.05 m) and ditch fluxes (mean absolute difference = 0.0023 m<sup>3</sup>&middot;s<sup>&minus;1</sup>). Model results showed that a single 1000 m wide recharge area supplies all the groundwater inflow to the lake. In addition, the model predicted that dredging an adjacent ditch by 3.0 m would lower the lake level by 0.31 m. The analytic element model was verified using a widely accepted finite-difference (FD) code; differences were less than &plusmn;0.015 m near die lake area and reached a maximum of 0.08 m at far corners of the FD grid. These differences are likely a result of die nodal interpolation inherent to FD techniques and error associated with applying a discrete boundary to die AE infinite aquifer. Although developed recently, AE methods have great potential to aid characterizations of groundwater-lake systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149609354289","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytic element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 12, no. 4, p. 487-495, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354289.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"495","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354289","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha","otherGeospatial":"Pretty Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.5333251953125,\n              42.93770016964464\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5333251953125,\n              42.97827897704351\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.46620559692383,\n              42.97827897704351\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.46620559692383,\n              42.93770016964464\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.5333251953125,\n              42.93770016964464\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ee8e4b058f706e51320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018577,"text":"70018577 - 1996 - A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-17T16:42:19.770427","indexId":"70018577","displayToPublicDate":"2013-05-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3059,"text":"Physical Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">Sediment</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sorting</span><span>&nbsp;processes related to varying channel-bed morphology were investigated from April to November 1993 along a 1-km&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pool</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">riffle</span><span>&nbsp;and step-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pool</span><span>&nbsp;reach of North Saint Vrain Creek, a small mountain&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">stream</span><span>&nbsp;in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado. Measured cross-sectional areas of flow were used to suggest higher&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">velocities</span><span>&nbsp;in&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pools</span><span>&nbsp;than in&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">riffles</span><span>&nbsp;at&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">high</span><span>&nbsp;flow. Three hundred and sixteen tracer particles, ranging in size from 16 mm to 256 mm, were placed in two separate&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pool</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">riffle</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pool</span><span>&nbsp;sequences and used to assess&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sediment</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sorting</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">patterns</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sediment</span><span>-transport competence variations. Tracer-particle depositional evidence indicated higher&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sediment</span><span>-transport competence in&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pools</span><span>&nbsp;than in&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">riffles</span><span>&nbsp;at&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">high</span><span>&nbsp;flow.&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">Pool</span><span>-</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">riffle</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sediment</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sorting</span><span>&nbsp;may be created by&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">velocity</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">reversals</span><span>, and more localized&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sorting</span><span>&nbsp;results from gravitational forces along the upstream&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">sloping</span><span>&nbsp;portion of the channel bed located at the downstream end of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"single_highlight_class\">pools</span><span>.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.1996.10642578","issn":"02723646","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D., Wohl, E., and Jarrett, R., 1996, A revised velocity-reversal and sediment-sorting model for a high-gradient, pool-riffle stream: Physical Geography, v. 17, no. 2, p. 142-156, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1996.10642578.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"North Saint Vrain Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.3539452645733,\n              40.248905660494955\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3539452645733,\n              40.198481404270666\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.27498002517267,\n              40.198481404270666\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.27498002517267,\n              40.248905660494955\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.3539452645733,\n              40.248905660494955\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e563e4b0c8380cd46d1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, D.M.","contributorId":16570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wohl, E.E. 0000-0001-7435-5013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5013","contributorId":28753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wohl","given":"E.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarrett, R.D.","contributorId":36551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrett","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018473,"text":"70018473 - 1996 - Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T14:40:45.457068","indexId":"70018473","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3106,"text":"Powder Diffraction","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hanawaltite, Hg<sup>1+</sup><sub>6</sub>Hg<sup>2+</sup>[Cl,(OH)]<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","title":"Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure","docAbstract":"<p>Hanawaltite, ideally Hg<span style=\"font-size: 11.6667px;\">1+</span><sub><span class=\"sub\">6</span></sub>Hg<sup><span class=\"sup\">2+</span></sup>O<sub><span class=\"sub\">3</span></sub>Cl<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>, is orthorhombic,&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">Pbma</span></i>&nbsp;(57), with unit-cell parameters refined from powder data:&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">a</span></i>=11.790(3),&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">b</span></i>=13.881(4),&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">c</span></i>=6.450(2) Å,&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">V</span></i>=1055.7(6) Å<sup><span class=\"sup\">3</span></sup>,&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">a</span></i>:<i><span class=\"italic\">b</span></i>:<i><span class=\"italic\">c</span>&nbsp;</i>=0.8494:1:0.4647,&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">Z</span></i>=4. The strongest six lines of the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [<i><span class=\"italic\">d</span></i>&nbsp;in Å (<i><span class=\"italic\">I</span></i>)(<i><span class=\"italic\">hkl</span></i>)] are: 5.25 (80)(111), 3.164 (60)(231), 3.053 (100)(041), 2.954 (70)(141), 2.681 (50)(401), and 2.411 (50)(232,341). The mineral is an extremely rare constituent in a small prospect pit near the long-abandoned Clear Creek mercury mine, New Idria district, San Benito County, California. It was found on a single-fracture surface where it is intimately associated with calomel, native mercury, cinnabar, montroydite, and quartz. Individual crystals are subhedral to anhedral, platy to somewhat bladed, and average about 50 μm in longest dimension. The largest known crystal is approximately 0.3×0.3 mm in size and is striated parallel [001]. Hanawaltite is opaque to translucent (on very thin edges), black to very dark brown–black in color, with a black to dark red–brown streak. Other physical properties include: metallic luster; cleavage {001} good; uneven fracture; brittle; nonfluorescent;&nbsp;<i><span class=\"italic\">H</span></i>&lt;5; calculated density (for the empirical formula) 9.51 g/cm<i><span class=\"sup\">3</span></i>.</p><p>In polished section, hanawaltite is moderately to strongly bireflectant and is pleochroic white (<i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><sub><span class=\"sub\"><span class=\"italic\">I</span></span></sub>) to blue–white (<i><span class=\"italic\">R</span></i><sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>). In reflected plane-polarized light, it is white with orange–red internal reflections in very thin grains and at grain margins. The anisotropy is strong with bright metallic blue rotation tints. Measured reflectance values, in air and in oil, are tabulated. Electron-microprobe analysis yielded Hg<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>O 82.46, HgO 14.27, Cl 3.33, H<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>O [0.34], sum [100.40], less O=Cl 0.75, total [99.65] wt. %, corresponding to Hg<sup><span class=\"sup\">1+</span></sup><sub><span class=\"sub\">6.00</span></sub>Hg<sup><span class=\"sup\">2+</span></sup><sub><span class=\"sub\">1.00</span></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>[Cl<sub><span class=\"sub\">1.43</span></sub>(OH)<sub><span class=\"sub\">0.57</span></sub>]<sub><span class=\"sub\">Σ2.00</span></sub>O<sub><span class=\"sub\">3.00</span></sub>, based on O+Cl=5. After the crystal structure was determined, the original microprobe value for Hg<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>O, 96.2, was partitioned in a ratio of 6Hg<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>O:HgO and (OH) was calculated, such that Cl+(OH)=2. The hanawaltite structure consists of undulatory [Hg–Hg]<sup><span class=\"sup\">2+</span></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ribbons which roughly parallel (100). The diatomic [Hg–Hg]<sup><span class=\"sup\">2+</span></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>groups have anion tails which, in turn, serve as cross linkages between dimer ribbons through [Hg<sup><span class=\"sup\">2+</span></sup>O<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>Cl<sub><span class=\"sub\">2</span></sub>] planar rhombs. The structure is compared to that of other mercury oxychlorides and each is found to have its own unique structural features. This structural diversity is attributed to the inherent ability of mercury to adopt either metallic or ionic types of bonds. The mineral name honors the late Dr. J. D. (Don) Hanawalt (1903–1987), who was a pioneer in the field of X-ray powder diffraction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0885715600008915","issn":"08857156","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A.C., Grice, J.D., Gault, R.A., Criddle, A., and Erd, R.C., 1996, Hanawaltite, Hg1+6Hg2+[Cl,(OH)]2O3 - A new mineral from the Clear Creek claim, San Benito County, California: Description and crystal structure: Powder Diffraction, v. 11, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715600008915.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227385,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Benito County","otherGeospatial":"Clear Creek claim","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.4095042907666,\n              36.89344794896937\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4095042907666,\n              36.566916223958586\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.05048867468497,\n              36.566916223958586\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.05048867468497,\n              36.89344794896937\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4095042907666,\n              36.89344794896937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2f61e4b0c8380cd5cd35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Andrew C.","contributorId":85733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grice, Joel D.","contributorId":102210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grice","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gault, Robert A.","contributorId":105064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gault","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Criddle, A.J.","contributorId":42279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criddle","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Erd, Richard C.","contributorId":89899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erd","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047720,"text":"70047720 - 1996 - Coastal hazards: hurricanes, tsunamis, coastal erosion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T10:33:36","indexId":"70047720","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T13:15:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Coastal hazards: hurricanes, tsunamis, coastal erosion","docAbstract":"Oceans are the largest geographic feature on the surface of the Earth, covering approximately 70% of the planet's surface. As a result, oceans have a tremendous impact on the Earth, its climate, and its inhabitants. The coast or shoreline is the boundary between ocean environments and land habitats. By the year 2025, it is estimated that approximately two-thirds of the world's population will be living within 200 kilometers of a coast. In many ways, we treat the coast just like any other type of land area, as a safe and stable place to live and play. However, coastal environments are dynamic, and they constantly change in response to natural processes and to human activities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047720","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., Mersfelder, L., Farrar, F., France, R.G., Yajimovich, O.E., Munoz, A.R., and Rivera, M.D., 1996, Coastal hazards: hurricanes, tsunamis, coastal erosion: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047720.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276813,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/coastal_hazards/coastalhaz_bw.pdf","text":"Poster in black and white- for coloring by children grades K-2"},{"id":276814,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/coastal_hazards/spanish.html","text":"Poster in Spanish"},{"id":276811,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/coastal_hazards/coastalhaz_es.pdf","text":"Poster for grades 3-5"},{"id":276812,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/coastal_hazards/coastalhaz_ms.pdf","text":"Poster for grades 6-8"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52148fe0e4b06d85e08fb4e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mersfelder, Lynne","contributorId":69465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mersfelder","given":"Lynne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"France, Rigoberto Guardado (translator)","contributorId":79392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"France","given":"Rigoberto","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","middleInitial":"Guardado","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yajimovich, Oscar Efrain Gonzalez","contributorId":41324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yajimovich","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"Efrain Gonzalez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Munoz, Aurora R.","contributorId":102375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munoz","given":"Aurora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rivera, Maria del C.","contributorId":39689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"del C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047745,"text":"70047745 - 1996 - Water quality . . . potential sources of pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T11:26:44","indexId":"70047745","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:21:10","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water quality . . . potential sources of pollution","docAbstract":"What is water quality? To most students, water quality may suggest only \"clean\" water for drinking, swimming, and fishing. But to the farmer or manufacturer, water quality may have an entirely different meaning. One of the most important issues concerning the quality of water is how that water will be used. Water that is perfectly fine for irrigation might not be suitable for drinking or swimming.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047745","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., and Farrar, F., 1996, Water quality . . . potential sources of pollution: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047745.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276868,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_quality/waterquality_ms.pdf"},{"id":276869,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_quality/waterquality_bw.pdf"},{"id":276867,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_quality/waterquality_es.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e166e4b02034073ad426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047744,"text":"70047744 - 1996 - Ground water: the hidden resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T11:19:16","indexId":"70047744","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:13:19","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Ground water: the hidden resource","docAbstract":"Ground water is water underground in saturated zones beneath the land surface. Contrary to popular belief, ground water does not form underground \"rivers.\" It fills the pores and fractures in underground materials such as sand, gravel, and other rock. If ground water flows from rock materials or can be removed by pumping from the saturated rock materials In useful amounts, the rock materials are called aquifers. Ground water moves slowly, typically at rates of 7 to 60 centimeters per day in an aquifer. As a result, water could remain in an aquifer for hundreds or thousands of years. Ground water is the source of about 40 percent of water used for public supplies and about 38 percent of water used for agriculture in the United States.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047744","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., and Farrar, F., 1996, Ground water: the hidden resource: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047744.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276865,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/groundwater/groundwater_bw.pdf"},{"id":276863,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/groundwater/groundwater_es.pdf"},{"id":276864,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/groundwater/groundwater_ms.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e161e4b02034073ad3fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047743,"text":"70047743 - 1996 - Navigation: traveling the water highways!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T11:10:24","indexId":"70047743","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T11:01:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Navigation: traveling the water highways!","docAbstract":"NAVIGATION is travel or transportation over water. Many different kinds of boats and ships are used on rivers and oceans to move people and products from one place to another. Navigation was extremely important for foreign and domestic trade and travel in the early days of our country before cars, trucks, trains, and airplanes were invented. In those days, rivers were used as \"roads\" to connect inland settlements to river and coastal ports. Communities established at these commercial ports became important economic, cultural, and social hubs in the development of our Nation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047743","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M., Vandas, S., and Farrar, F., 1996, Navigation: traveling the water highways!: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047743.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276859,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/navigation/navigation_es.pdf"},{"id":276860,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/navigation/navigation_ms.pdf"},{"id":276861,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/navigation/navigation_bw.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e163e4b02034073ad40c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Marion","contributorId":19871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047740,"text":"70047740 - 1996 - How do we treat our wastewater?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T10:59:03","indexId":"70047740","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:40:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"How do we treat our wastewater?","docAbstract":"Water used in homes, schools, businesses, and industries must be cleaned or treated before it can be used again or returned to the environment. No matter where you live, in an urban or rural setting, the water you use does not just disappear: it is piped to a treatment system. The treatment of wastewater is important to keeping our water clean. This poster depicts what happens to\nthe water we all use and how wastewater is treated so that it can be used again. The poster is folded Into 8-1/2 by 11-inch panels; front and back panels can easily be photocopied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047740","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., White, C., and Farrar, F., 1996, How do we treat our wastewater?: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047740.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276858,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276855,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wastewater/wastewater_es.pdf"},{"id":276856,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wastewater/wastewater_ms.pdf"},{"id":276857,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wastewater/wastewater_bw.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e163e4b02034073ad408","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Carmelita","contributorId":50812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Carmelita","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047739,"text":"70047739 - 1996 - Water: the resource that gets used & used & used for everything!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T10:35:39","indexId":"70047739","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T10:18:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water: the resource that gets used & used & used for everything!","docAbstract":"Water truly Is a resource that gets used and used for everything. The same Water can be utilized many times. This poster depicts 12 water uses which ere labeled in bold red letters, beginning with mining end ending with transportation. Withdrawals (water removed from the river or ground), distribution, and returns (water returned to the river or ground) are depicted by the blue arrows. The poster is folded Into 8 1/2\" x 11\" panels; front and back panels can easily be photocopied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047739","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., Farrar, F., and Ramos-Gines, O., 1996, Water: the resource that gets used & used & used for everything!: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047739.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276852,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_use/wateruse_bw.pdf"},{"id":276853,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_use/aguawateruse.pdf"},{"id":276850,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_use/wateruse_es.pdf"},{"id":276851,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/water_use/wateruse_ms.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e166e4b02034073ad42a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramos-Gines, Orlando (translator)","contributorId":27779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramos-Gines","given":"Orlando","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047735,"text":"70047735 - 1996 - Wetlands: water, wildlife, plants, & people","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T10:12:55","indexId":"70047735","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:58:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Wetlands: water, wildlife, plants, & people","docAbstract":"Wetlands are part of all our lives. They can generally be described as transitional areas between land and deepwater habitats. There are many different kinds of wetlands, and they can be found in many different habitat types, from forests to deserts; some are maintained by saltwater, others by freshwater. This poster shows general types of diverse wetlands and demonstrates how people and wetlands can benefit by living together. The diversity of plants and animals is shown in cartooned pictures. As with plants and animals, there are many different common names for the various wetland types. The common names used on this poster were used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the publication \"Wetlands-Status and Trends in the Conterminous United States, Mid-1970's to Mid-1980's.\" Estuarine wetland types--salt marshes and mangrove swamps--are labeled in red letters. The estuary is where ocean saltwater and river freshwater mix. The estuary is labeled in orange letters. The inland wetland types-inland marshes and wet meadows, forested wetlands, and shrub wetlands-are labeled in yellow. Other wetlands are present in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. The water bodies associated with these wetlands are labeled in black. The poster is folded into 8.5\" x 11\" panels; front and back panels can easily be photocopied.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047735","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., and Farrar, F., 1996, Wetlands: water, wildlife, plants, & people: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047735.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276849,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047735.png"},{"id":276848,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wetlands/wetlands_bw.pdf"},{"id":276846,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wetlands/wetlands_es.pdf"},{"id":276847,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/wetlands/wetlands_ms.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e167e4b02034073ad432","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047734,"text":"70047734 - 1996 - Hazardous waste: cleanup and prevention","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T10:11:44","indexId":"70047734","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:42:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Hazardous waste: cleanup and prevention","docAbstract":"Our lifestyles are supported by complex Industrial activities that produce many different chemicals and chemical wastes. The Industries that produce our clothing, cars, medicines, paper, food, fuels, steel, plastics, and electric components use and discard thousands of chemicals every year. At home we may use lawn chemicals, solvents, disinfectants, cleaners, and auto products to Improve our quality of life. A chemical that presents a threat or unreasonable risk to people or the environment Is a hazardous material. When a hazardous material can no longer be used, It becomes a hazardous waste. Hazardous wastes come from a variety of sources, from both present and past activities. Impacts to human health and the environment can result from Improper handling and disposal of hazardous waste.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047734","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., Cronin, N.L., Farrar, F., Serrano, G.E., Yajimovich, O.E., Munoz, A.R., and Rivera, M.D., 1996, Hazardous waste: cleanup and prevention: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047734.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster; Spanish Translation","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276841,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/hazardous_waste/hazwaste_es.pdf"},{"id":276842,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/hazardous_waste/hazwaste_ms.pdf"},{"id":276843,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/hazardous_waste/hazwaste_bw.pdf"},{"id":276844,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/hazardous_waste/peligrosohazwaste.pdf"},{"id":276845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047734.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e162e4b02034073ad400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Nancy L.","contributorId":86678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serrano, Guillermo Eliezer Avila (translator)","contributorId":90205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serrano","given":"Guillermo","suffix":"(translator)","email":"","middleInitial":"Eliezer Avila","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yajimovich, Oscar Efrain Gonzalez","contributorId":41324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yajimovich","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"Efrain Gonzalez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Munoz, Aurora R.","contributorId":102375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munoz","given":"Aurora","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rivera, Maria del C.","contributorId":39689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rivera","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"del C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70047733,"text":"70047733 - 1996 - Watersheds: where we live","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-21T10:11:04","indexId":"70047733","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T09:20:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Watersheds: where we live","docAbstract":"We all live in a watershed. Animals and plants all live there with us. Everyone affects what happens in a watershed by how we treat the natural resources. So what is a watershed? It is the land area that drains water to a stream, river, lake, or ocean. Water travels over the Earth's surface across forest land, farm fields, pastures, suburban lawns, and city streets, or it seeps into the soil and makes its way to a stream as local ground water. Watersheds come in many different shapes and sizes. Some contain mountains and hills, and others are nearly flat. A watershed can be affected by many different activities and events. Construction of cities and towns, farming, logging, and the application and disposal of many garden and household chemicals can affect the quantity and quality of water flowing from a watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047733","usgsCitation":"Vandas, S., and Farrar, F., 1996, Watersheds: where we live: General Information Product, Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster, https://doi.org/10.3133/70047733.","productDescription":"Elementary School Poster; Middle School Poster; Black and White Poster","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276837,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/watersheds/watersheds_es.pdf"},{"id":276838,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/watersheds/watersheds_ms.pdf"},{"id":276839,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/outreach/Posters/watersheds/watersheds_bw.pdf"},{"id":276840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70047733.png"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5215e167e4b02034073ad42e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vandas, Stephen","contributorId":92156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandas","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrar, Frank (artist)","contributorId":37235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Frank","suffix":"(artist)","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70045788,"text":"70045788 - 1996 - Construction aggregates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-05T18:00:17","indexId":"70045788","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Construction aggregates","docAbstract":"Part of the Annual Commodities Review 1995. Production of construction aggregates such as crushed stone and construction sand and gravel showed a marginal increase in 1995. Most of the 1995 increases were due to funding for highway construction work. The major areas of concern to the industry included issues relating to wetlands classification and the classification of crystalline silica as a probable human carcinogen. Despite this, an increase in demand is anticipated for 1996.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Tepordei, V., 1996, Construction aggregates: Mining Engineering, v. 48, p. 19-20.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"20","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271846,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51877f65e4b078fc9c244b86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepordei, V.V.","contributorId":34406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepordei","given":"V.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045630,"text":"70045630 - 1996 - Fluorspar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-27T15:48:50","indexId":"70045630","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluorspar","docAbstract":"The U.S. consumed about 525 kt of fluorspar in 1995, with more than 70 percent being used for the production of hydrofluoric acid. Fluorspar is also used for the production of aluminum and steel. About 558 kt of fluorspar was imported in 1995, with a further 186 kt made available from the National Defense Stockpile. The market in the U.S. is expected to grow as increasing use is made of fluorocarbons to replace chlorofluorocarbons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., 1996, Fluorspar: Mining Engineering, v. 48, no. 6, p. 23-24.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"517cf36ae4b0d8907b2881d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.","contributorId":13178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045813,"text":"70045813 - 1996 - Strontium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-06T13:17:03","indexId":"70045813","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strontium","docAbstract":"Part of the Annual Commodities Review 1995. In 1995, U.S. strontium imports and consumption increased nearly 30 percent due to increased domestic production of color television picture tube glass. However, strontium compound exports fell during 1995. Strontium is also used in the production of permanent ceramic ferrite magnets. Strontium nitrate, strontium chromate, and strontium chloride are also commonly used materials. Although the development of an affordable flatscreen display could eliminate the need for strontium in television production, this technology is not expected to be perfected in the immediate future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mining Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Ober, J., 1996, Strontium: Mining Engineering, v. 48, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":271892,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5188d4eae4b023d2d75b9ac1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, J.A.","contributorId":76351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72570,"text":"ofr96327 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:21","indexId":"ofr96327","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-327","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Flood magnitude and frequency values are presented for Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert at milepost 32.2 of New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, New Jersey. The values were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. A description of the drainage-basin characteristics also is included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 218 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96327","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Franklin Pond tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 23, Franklin Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-327, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96327.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_327.gif"},{"id":204864,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-327/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","city":"Franklin Borough","otherGeospatial":"Franklin Pond","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58416666666666,41.1 ], [ -74.58416666666666,41.13333333333333 ], [ -74.55,41.13333333333333 ], [ -74.55,41.1 ], [ -74.58416666666666,41.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f7e4b0c8380cd53e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72568,"text":"ofr96325 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96325","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-325","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 at milepost 8.3 and at the Conrail culvert 0.21 miles downstream, in West Deptford Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimates are 285 cubic feet per second at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and 345 cubic feet per second at the Conrail culvert.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96325","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Main Ditch at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 and at the Conrail culvert downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-325, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96325.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_325.gif"},{"id":204862,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-325/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester County","city":"West Deptford Township","otherGeospatial":"Main Ditch","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.21666666666667,39.8175 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.85 ], [ -75.18333333333334,39.85 ], [ -75.18333333333334,39.8175 ], [ -75.21666666666667,39.8175 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f9e4b0c8380cd53e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72569,"text":"ofr96326 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96326","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-326","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Little Mantua Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44 at milepost 7.8 and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, in West Deptford Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Flood-magnitude and -frequency estimates, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimates are 249 cubic feet per second at the culvert on New Jersey Route 44, and 243 cubic feet per second at the Conrail culvert.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96326","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Little Mantual Creek at the culvert at milepost 7.8 on New Jersey Route 44, and at the Conrail culvert 0.20 miles downstream, West Deptford Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-326, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96326.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_326.gif"},{"id":204863,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-326/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester County","city":"West Deptford Township","otherGeospatial":"Little Manuta Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.2175,39.801111111111105 ], [ -75.2175,39.85 ], [ -75.16777777777779,39.85 ], [ -75.16777777777779,39.801111111111105 ], [ -75.2175,39.801111111111105 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f8e4b0c8380cd53e92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Thomas","contributorId":19699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":72567,"text":"ofr96324 - 1996 - Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:43","indexId":"ofr96324","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-324","title":"Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"The magnitude and frequency of floods at Black Creek tributary at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94 at milepost 43.0 in Vernon Township, New Jersey, were determined by using the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Special Report 38 method. Estimates of flood magnitude and frequency calculated by the Special Report 38 method, as well as drainage-basin characteristics, are included in this report. The 100-year-flood estimate is 261 cubic feet per second.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96324","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Barringer, T.H., 1996, Flood magnitude and frequency of Black Creek at the culvert on New Jersey Route 94, Vernon Township, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-324, iv, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96324.","productDescription":"iv, 6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_96_324.gif"},{"id":112503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/ofr96-324/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10f5e4b0c8380cd53e85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, T. H.","contributorId":29468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}