A combination of bathymetric surveying and bottom-sediment coring was used to investigate sediment deposition and the occurrence of selected nutrients (total ammonia plus organic nitrogen and total phosphorus), 44 metals and trace elements, 15 organochlorine compounds, and 1 radionuclide in bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake, northeast Kansas. The total estimated volume and mass of bottom sediment deposited from 1962 through 1999 in the original conservation-pool area of the lake was 6,170 million cubic feet (142,000 acre-feet) and 292,400 million pounds (133,000 million kilograms), respectively. The volume of sediment occupies about 33 percent of the original conservation-pool, water-storage capacity of the lake. Mean annual net sediment deposition since 1962 was estimated to be 7,900 million pounds (3,600 million kilograms). Mean annual net sediment yield from the Tuttle Creek Lake Basin was estimated to be 821,000 pounds per square mile (1,440 kilograms per hectare).
The estimated mean annual net loads of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen and total phosphorus deposited in the bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake were 6,350,000 pounds per year (2,880,000 kilograms per year) and 3,330,000 pounds per year (1,510,000 kilograms per year), respectively. The estimated mean annual net yields of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen and total phosphorus from the Tuttle Creek Lake Basin were 657 pounds per square mile per year (1.15 kilograms per hectare per year) and 348 pounds per square mile per year (0.61 kilograms per hectare per year), respectively. No statistically significant trend for total phosphorus deposition in the bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake was indicated (trend analysis for total ammonia plus organic nitrogen was not performed).
On the basis of available sediment-quality guidelines, the concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, nickel, silver, and zinc in the bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake frequently or typically exceeded the threshold-effects levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sediment concentrations of metals and trace elements were relatively uniform over time. Organochlorine compounds either were not detected or were detected at concentrations generally less than the threshold-effects levels. Following an initial positive trend, a statistically significant negative depositional trend was indicated for DDE (degradation product of DDT), which was consistent with the history of DDT use. Other organochlorine compounds detected included aldrin, DDD, and dieldrin.
Notable changes in human activity within the basin included a substantial increase in the production of grain corn and soybeans from the 1960s to the 1990s. This increase in production was accompanied by a pronounced increase in the number of irrigated acres. Also, during the same time period, there was an overall increase in hog production. These changes in human activity have not had a discernible effect on the deposition of chemical constituents in the bottom sediment of Tuttle Creek Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024048","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Mau, D.P., 2002, Sediment deposition and occurrence of selected nutrients and other chemical constituents in bottom sediment, Tuttle Creek Lake, Northeast Kansas, 1962–99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4048, vi, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024048.","productDescription":"vi, 73 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400527,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_51619.htm"},{"id":360181,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4048/wrir20024048.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4048"}],"scale":"197000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Tuttle Creek Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.7667,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -96.533,\n 39.25\n ],\n [\n -96.533,\n 39.5667\n ],\n [\n -96.7667,\n 39.5667\n ],\n [\n -96.7667,\n 39.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
The Lake Olathe watershed, located in northeast Kansas, was investigated using bathymetric survey data and reservoir bottom-sediment cores to determine sediment deposition, water-quality trends, and transport of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen species), selected trace elements, selected pesticides, and diatoms as indicators of eutrophic (organic-enriched and depleted oxygen supply) conditions. To determine sediment deposition and loads, bathymetric data from Cedar Lake and Lake Olathe, both located in the Lake Olathe watershed, were collected in 2000 and compared to historical topographic data collected when the lakes were built.
Approximately 338 acre-feet of sediment deposition has occurred in Cedar Lake since dam closure in 1938, and 317 acre-feet has occurred at Lake Olathe since 1956. Mean annual sediment deposition was 5.45 acre-feet per year (0.89 acre-feet per year per square mile) for Cedar Lake and 7.0 acre-feet per year (0.42 acre-feet per year per square mile) for Lake Olathe. Mean annual sediment loads for the two reservoirs were 9.6 million pounds per year for Cedar Lake and 12.6 million pounds per year for Lake Olathe.
Mean concentrations of total phosphorus in bottom-sediment samples from Cedar Lake ranged from 1,370 to 1,810 milligrams per kilogram, and concentrations in bottom-sediment samples from Lake Olathe ranged from 588 to 1,030 milligrams per kilogram. The implication of large total phosphorus concentrations in the bottom sediment of Cedar Lake is that inflow into Cedar Lake is rich in phosphorus and that adverse water-quality conditions could affect water quality in downstream Lake Olathe through discharge of water from Cedar Lake to Lake Olathe via Cedar Creek.
Mean annual phosphorus loads transported from the Lake Olathe watershed were estimated to be 14,700 pounds per year for Cedar Lake and 9,720 pounds per year for Lake Olathe. The mean annual phosphorus yields were estimated to be 3.74 pounds per acre per year for Cedar Lake and 0.91 pound per acre per year for Lake Olathe. Phosphorus yields in the Cedar Lake watershed were largest of the six Kansas impoundment watersheds recently studied.
Concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen in bottom sediment increased from upstream to downstream in both Cedar Lake and Lake Olathe. Mean concentrations of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen (N) ranged from 2,000 to 2,700 milligrams per kilogram in bottom-sediment samples from Cedar Lake and from 1,300 to 2,700 milligrams per kilogram in samples from Lake Olathe. There was no statistical significance between total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen and depth of bottom sediment.
Concentrations of six trace elements in bottom sediment from Cedar Lake and Lake Olathe (arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc) exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Threshold Effects Levels (TELs) sediment-quality guidelines for aquatic organisms in sediment except for one lead concentration. Probable Effects Levels (PELs) for trace elements, however, were not exceeded at either lake.
Organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides were not detected in bottom-sediment samples from either Cedar Lake or Lake Olathe, but the acetanilide herbicides alachlor and metolachlor were detected in sediment from both lakes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has not proposed TEL or PEL guideline concentrations for bottom sediment for any of the organophosphate, acetanilide, or triazine pesticides.
The diatoms (microscopic, single-celled organisms) Cyclotella bodanica, an indicator of low organic-enriched water, and Cyclotella meneghiniana, an indicator of organic-enriched water, were both present in bottom sediment from Lake Olathe. The presence of both of these diatoms suggests varying periods of low and high eutrophication in Lake Olathe from 1956 to 2000. The concentrations of two species in bottom sediment from Cedar Lake, Aulacoseira cf alpigena and Cyclotella meneghiniana, as well as two species in sediment from Lake Olathe, Aulacoseira cf alpigena and Stephanodiscus nigare, increased in sediment cores from the older bottom material to the more recent deposition near the top of the sediment cores. These diatom species indicate eutrophic conditions, and the increased concentration of these diatom species from the bottom of the cores to the sediment/water interface suggests that historically these lakes have been and continue to be eutrophic at times.
Comparison of constituent trends between Cedar Lake and Lake Olathe using reservoir bottom sediment was not possible because sediment from Cedar Lake was suspected of having been disturbed. However, trends that may be reflective of historical changes in water quality were not detected in sediment from either Cedar Lake or Lake Olathe for total phosphorus, trace elements (except lead), and organochlorine or organophosphate pesticides. A slight increasing trend in the concentration of total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen was seen in the sediment profile from Lake Olathe but not in the profile from Cedar Lake. The acetanilide herbicides alachlor and metolachlor were more prevalent in more recently deposited sediment in Cedar Lake and Lake Olathe, as was the triazine herbicide atrazine in Lake Olathe bottom sediment, suggesting a possible increasing trend in lake-inflow water concentrations.
Trends in water-quality characteristics can be used by the Lake Olathe watershed managers to document historical changes in the watershed such as changes in land use, the suspension of the use of chlorinated insecticides, such as DDT and chlordane, and the use of hydrophobic fertilizers. The investigation described in this report provides a baseline of water-quality information to compare future changes in water quality or other watershed activities. With the addition of bathymetric surveys and the inclusion of additional reservoirs, reservoir sediment investigations can be used to estimate historical loads of phosphorus and other constituents in future water-quality assessments throughout Kansas.
Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049
This report is a product of a U.S. Geological Survey investigation that is focused on characterizing the potential environmental impacts of lead-zinc mining within the Doniphan/Eleven Point ranger district of the Mark Twain national forest. The elemental concentrations of iron (Fe), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in acidinsoluble residues are shown for boreholes along two geologic cross sections within Doniphan/Elevan Point ranger district (Figure 1). The purpose of this report is to characterize, in a general sense, the distribution of economically and environmentally important elements within the rocks and aquifers of the Doniphan/Eleven Point ranger district
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr0255","usgsCitation":"Lee, L., and Goldhaber, M.B., 2002, Geologic cross sections showing the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn in acid-insoluble residues of Paleozoic rocks within the Doniphan/Eleven Point Ranger District of the Mark Twain National Forest, Missouri, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-55, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0255.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr0255","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Mark Twain National Forest","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a641c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Lopaka","contributorId":83167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Lopaka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":206455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31577,"text":"ofr0229 - 2002 - Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-27T15:25:03.56907","indexId":"ofr0229","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-29","title":"Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals","docAbstract":"Production figures for selected nonferrous metals-aluminum (including bauxite and alumina), copper, lead, tin, titanium, and zinc-by the United States, as well as other statistics for these commodities, show strong volatility during 20th century. Major shifts were driven by the Great Depression and the two World Wars, but other major temporal changes are also noted that are not directly related to such global crises. For example, the price of tin exhibited a strong maximum in the 1980's, which is unrelated to world production, but rather to failed efforts of the International Tin Council to control price. In the case of copper, U.S. exports have varied throughout the second half of the century, by more than a factor of 5. Such volatility might be explained in part by global economic conditions, at least throughout recent decades. Supporting the interpretation of the importance of foreign pressure on the domestic commodities market is a close correlation between domestic consumption of antimony and its elevated price in the mid 1980's,possibly pushed up mostly by the world dominance in production of this commodity by China. However, only very superficial explanations can be advanced for such relations before we have examined, in concert, information for a much larger suite of commodities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0229","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., and Nokleberg, W.J., 2002, Historical trends in U.S. mineral statistics for selected non-ferrous metals: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-29, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0229.","productDescription":"41 p.","numberOfPages":"41","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283395,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/figsandtabs.htm"},{"id":59808,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/pdf/of02-29.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":2816,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":161148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/0029/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nokleberg, Warren J. 0000-0002-1574-8869 wnokleberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1574-8869","contributorId":2077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nokleberg","given":"Warren","email":"wnokleberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":206439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024438,"text":"70024438 - 2002 - Effects of a coastal golf complex on water quality, periphyton, and seagrass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T12:35:07","indexId":"70024438","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1480,"text":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of a coastal golf complex on water quality, periphyton, and seagrass","docAbstract":"The objective of this study was to provide baseline information on the effects of a golf course complex on water quality, colonized periphyton, and seagrass meadows in adjacent freshwater, near-coastal, and wetland areas. The chemical and biological impacts of the recreational facility, which uses reclaimed municipal wastewater for irrigation, were limited usually to near-field areas and decreased seaward during the 2-year study. Concentrations of chromium, copper, and organochlorine pesticides were below detection in surface water, whereas mercury, lead, arsenic, and atrazine commonly occurred at all locations. Only mercury and lead exceeded water quality criteria. Concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a were greater in fairway ponds and some adjacent coastal areas relative to reference locations and Florida estuaries. Periphyton ash free dry weight and pigment concentrations statistically differed but not between reference and non-reference coastal areas. Biomass of Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) was approximately 43% less in a meadow located adjacent to the golf complex (P < 0.05). The results of the study suggest that the effects of coastal golf courses on water quality may be primarily localized and limited to peripheral near-coastal areas. However, this preliminary conclusion needs additional supporting data. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/eesa.2002.2219","issn":"01476513","usgsCitation":"Lewis, M., Boustany, R., Dantin, D., Quarles, R., Moore, J., and Stanley, R.S., 2002, Effects of a coastal golf complex on water quality, periphyton, and seagrass: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 53, no. 1, p. 154-162, https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2002.2219.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"154","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Gulf Breeze","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.21633911132812,\n 30.341472652403482\n ],\n [\n -87.11883544921875,\n 30.341472652403482\n ],\n [\n -87.11883544921875,\n 30.39064573955672\n ],\n [\n -87.21633911132812,\n 30.39064573955672\n ],\n [\n -87.21633911132812,\n 30.341472652403482\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a066de4b0c8380cd51239","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, M.A.","contributorId":94065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boustany, R.G.","contributorId":27003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boustany","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dantin, D.D.","contributorId":84110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dantin","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Quarles, R.L.","contributorId":60809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quarles","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, J.C.","contributorId":95141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, R. S.","contributorId":16579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70024252,"text":"70024252 - 2002 - Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-28T09:48:49","indexId":"70024252","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3207,"text":"Pure and Applied Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report)","docAbstract":"Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic-weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic-weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope-abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic-weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic-weight uncertainties. This compilation indicates the extent to which the atomic weight of an element in a given material may differ from the standard atomic weight of the element. For most elements given above, data are graphically illustrated by a diagram in which the materials are specified in the ordinate and the compositional ranges are plotted along the abscissa in scales of (1) atomic weight, (2) mole fraction of a selected isotope, and (3) delta value of a selected isotope ratio.","language":"English","publisher":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry","doi":"10.1351/pac200274101987","issn":"00334545","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T., Böhlke, J., De Bievre, P., Ding, T., Holden, N., Hopple, J., Krouse, H., Lamberty, A., Peiser, H., Revesz, K., Rieder, S., Rosman, K., Roth, E., Taylor, P., Vocke, R., and Xiao, Y., 2002, Isotope-abundance variations of selected elements (IUPAC technical report): Pure and Applied Chemistry, v. 74, no. 10, p. 1987-2017, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"2017","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274101987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":231917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f8ee4b0c8380cd645f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Bievre, P.","contributorId":22399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Bievre","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ding, T.","contributorId":70450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ding","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holden, N.E.","contributorId":9032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holden","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hopple, J.A. 0000-0003-3180-2252","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":85235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Krouse, H.R.","contributorId":63067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krouse","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lamberty, A.","contributorId":49414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamberty","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peiser, H.S.","contributorId":64303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peiser","given":"H.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rieder, S.E.","contributorId":66751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieder","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rosman, K.J.R.","contributorId":27903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"K.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Roth, E.","contributorId":90499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Taylor, P.D.P.","contributorId":74164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"P.D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Vocke, R.D. Jr.","contributorId":9310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vocke","given":"R.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Xiao, Y.K.","contributorId":68068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70024219,"text":"70024219 - 2002 - The effect of the new Massachusetts Bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-05T10:21:07","indexId":"70024219","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of the new Massachusetts Bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments","docAbstract":"Since the new outfall for Boston's treated sewage effluent began operation on September 6, 2000, no change has been observed in concentrations of silver or Clostridium perfringens spores (an ecologically benign tracer of sewage), in bottom sediments at a site 2.5 km west of the outfall. In suspended sediment samples collected with a time-series sediment trap located 1.3 km south of the outfall, silver and C. perfringens spores increased by 38% and 103%, respectively, in post-outfall samples while chromium, copper, and zinc showed no change. All metal concentrations in sediments are <50% of warning levels established by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. An 11-year data set of bottom sediment characteristics collected three times per year prior to outfall startup provides perspective for the interpretation of post-outfall data. A greater than twofold increase in concentrations of sewage tracers (silver and C. perfringens) was observed in muddy sediments following the exceptional storm of December 11-16, 1992 that presumably moved contaminated inshore sediment offshore. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00158-3","issn":"0025326X","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Casso, M., Rendigs, R., and Lamothe, P.J., 2002, The effect of the new Massachusetts Bay sewage outfall on the concentrations of metals and bacterial spores in nearby bottom and suspended sediments: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 44, no. 10, p. 1063-1070, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00158-3.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1063","endPage":"1070","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Boston Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n 41.78769700539063\n ],\n [\n -69.9169921875,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -70.99365234375,\n 41.78769700539063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab5ae4b08c986b322daf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":400419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casso, M.A.","contributorId":43131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casso","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024638,"text":"70024638 - 2002 - Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-01T13:53:11","indexId":"70024638","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China","docAbstract":"The late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China provided a favorable geological setting for the formation of lode gold deposits along the sutures between a number of the major Eastern Asia cratonic blocks. These sutures are now represented by the Altay Shan, Tian Shan, and Kunlun Shan ranges, with the former two separated by the Junggar basin and the latter two by the immense Tarim basin. In northernmost Xinjiang, final growth of the Altaid orogen, southward from the Angara craton, is now recorded in the remote mid- to late Paleozoic Altay Shan. Accreted Early to Middle Devonian oceanic rock sequences contain typically small, precious-metal bearing Fe–Cu–Zn VMS deposits (e.g. Ashele). Orogenic gold deposits are widespread along the major Irtysh (e.g. Duyolanasayi, Saidi, Taerde, Kabenbulake, Akexike, Shaerbulake) and Tuergen–Hongshanzui (e.g. Hongshanzui) fault systems, as well as in structurally displaced terrane slivers of the western Junggar (e.g. Hatu) and eastern Junggar areas. Geological and geochronological constraints indicate a generally Late Carboniferous to Early Permian episode of gold deposition, which was coeval with the final stages of Altaid magmatism and large-scale, right-lateral translation along older terrane-bounding faults. The Tian Shan, an exceptionally gold-rich mountain range to the west in the Central Asian republics, is only beginning to be recognized for its gold potential in Xinjiang. In this easternmost part to the range, northerly- and southerly-directed subduction/accretion of early to mid-Paleozoic and mid- to late Paleozoic oceanic terranes, respectively, to the Precambrian Yili block (central Tian Shan) was associated with 400 to 250 Ma arc magmatism and Carboniferous through Early Permian gold-forming hydrothermal events. The more significant resulting deposits in the terranes of the southern Tian Shan include the Sawayaerdun orogenic deposit along the Kyrgyzstan border and the epithermal and replacement deposits of the Kanggurtag belt to the east in the Chol Tagh range. Gold deposits of approximately the same age in the Yili block include the Axi hot springs/epithermal deposit near the Kazakhstan border and a series of small orogenic gold deposits south of Urumqi (e.g. Wangfeng). Gold-rich porphyry copper deposits (e.g. Tuwu) define important new exploration targets in the northern Tian Shan of Xinjiang. The northern foothills of the Kunlun Shan of southern Xinjiang host scattered, small placer gold deposits. Sources for the gold have not been identified, but are hypothesized to be orogenic gold veins beneath the icefields to the south. They are predicted to have formed in the Tianshuihai terrane during its early Mesozoic accretion to the amalgamated Tarim–Qaidam–Kunlun cratonic block.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00126-001-0243-6","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Rui, Z., Goldfarb, R.J., Qiu, Y., Zhou, T., Chen, R., Pirajno, F., and Yun, G., 2002, Paleozoic–early Mesozoic gold deposits of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, northwestern China: Mineralium Deposita, v. 37, no. 3-4, p. 393-418, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-001-0243-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"418","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Xinjiang Autonomous Region","volume":"37","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7476e4b0c8380cd77665","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rui, Zongyao","contributorId":76510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rui","given":"Zongyao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qiu, Yumin","contributorId":70962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qiu","given":"Yumin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhou, T.","contributorId":93248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chen, R.","contributorId":23312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pirajno, Franco","contributorId":199308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pirajno","given":"Franco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35510,"text":"Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":402057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yun, Grace","contributorId":28042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yun","given":"Grace","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70023827,"text":"70023827 - 2002 - Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:32:32","indexId":"70023827","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia","docAbstract":"Mass balances of total arsenic and copper for a suburban lake in densely populated northern Virginia were calculated using data collected during 1998. Mass-balance terms were precipitation; stream inflow, including road runoff; stream outflow; and contributions from leaching of pressure-treated lumber. More mass of arsenic and copper was input to the lake than was output; the 1998 lake-retention rates were 70% for arsenic and 20% for copper. The arsenic mass balance compared well with a calculated annual mass accumulation in the top 1 cm of the lake sediments; however, the calculated contribution of copper to the lake was insufficient to account for the amount of copper in this zone. Leaching experiments were conducted on lumber treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) to quantify approximate amounts of arsenic and copper contributed by this source. Sources to lake sediments included leaching of CCA-treated lumber (arsenic, 50%; copper, 4%), streamwater (arsenic, 50%; copper, 90%), and atmospheric deposition (arsenic, 1%; copper, 3%). Results of this study suggest that CCA-treated lumber and road runoff could be significant nonpoint sources of arsenic and copper, respectively, in suburban catchments.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es025727x","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rice, K.C., Conko, K.M., and Hornberger, G., 2002, Anthropogenic sources of arsenic and copper to sediments in a suburban lake, Northern Virginia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 23, p. 4962-4967, https://doi.org/10.1021/es025727x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4962","endPage":"4967","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","volume":"36","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ce4b0c8380cd49217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conko, Kathryn M. 0000-0001-6361-4921 kmconko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4921","contributorId":2930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conko","given":"Kathryn","email":"kmconko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":398978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024770,"text":"70024770 - 2002 - Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70024770","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap","docAbstract":"In drainage from an inactive ore heap at a former gold mine, the speciation of cyanide and the concentrations of several metals were found to follow diurnal cycles. Concentrations of the hexacyanoferrate complex, iron, manganese, and ammonium were higher at night than during the day, whereas weak-acid-dissociable cyanide, silver, gold, copper, nitrite, and pH displayed the reverse behavior. The changes in cyanide speciation, iron, and trace metals can be explained by photodissociation of iron and cobalt cyanocomplexes as the solutions emerged from the heap into sunlight-exposed channels. At midday, environmentally significant concentrations of free cyanide were produced in a matter of minutes, causing trace copper, silver, and gold to be mobilized as cyanocomplexes from solids. Whether rapid photodissociation is a general phenomenon common to other sites will be important to determine in reaching a general understanding of the environmental risks posed by routine or accidental water discharges from precious metal mining facilities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es011064s","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Leinz, R.W., Grimes, D.J., and Rye, R.O., 2002, Photochemical changes in cyanide speciation in drainage from a precious metal ore heap: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 5, p. 840-845, https://doi.org/10.1021/es011064s.","startPage":"840","endPage":"845","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207695,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es011064s"},{"id":232854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78c4e4b0c8380cd78795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, C. A. 0000-0002-1334-2996","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":27492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leinz, R. W.","contributorId":89885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leinz","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024568,"text":"70024568 - 2002 - A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:06","indexId":"70024568","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes","docAbstract":"The Wells and Coppersmith (1994) M-log A data set for continental earthquakes (where M is moment magnitude and A is fault area) and the regression lines derived from it are widely used in seismic hazard analysis for estimating M, given A. Their relations are well determined, whether for the full data set of all mechanism types or for the subset of strike-slip earthquakes. Because the coefficient of the log A term is essentially 1 in both their relations, they are equivalent to constant stress-drop scaling, at least for M ??? 7, where most of the data lie. For M > 7, however, both relations increasingly underestimate the observations with increasing M. This feature, at least for strike-slip earthquakes, is strongly suggestive of L-model scaling at large M. Using constant stress-drop scaling (???? = 26.7 bars) for M ??? 6.63 and L-model scaling (average fault slip u?? = ??L, where L is fault length and ?? = 2.19 × 10-5) at larger M, we obtain the relations M = log A + 3.98 ?? 0.03, A ??? 537 km2 and M = 4/3 log A + 3.07 ?? 0.04, A > 537 km2. These prediction equations of our bilinear model fit the Wells and Coppersmith (1994) data set well in their respective ranges of validity, the transition magnitude corresponding to A = 537 km2 being M = 6.71.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1785/0120010148","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., and Bakun, W.H., 2002, A bilinear source-scaling model for M-log a observations of continental earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1841-1846, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120010148.","startPage":"1841","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207848,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120010148"},{"id":233090,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e323e4b0c8380cd45e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":401740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024992,"text":"70024992 - 2002 - Flank collapse at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, recorded by volcanic mass-flow deposits in the Copper River lowland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70024992","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flank collapse at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, recorded by volcanic mass-flow deposits in the Copper River lowland","docAbstract":"An areally extensive volcanic mass-flow deposit of Pleistocene age, known as the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, is a prominent and visually striking deposit in the southeastern Copper River lowland of south-central Alaska. The mass-flow deposit consists of a diverse mixture of colorful, variably altered volcanic rocks, lahar deposits, glaciolacustrine diamicton, and till that record a major flank collapse on the southwest flank of Mount Wrangell. The deposit is well exposed near its presumed source, and thick, continuous, stratigraphic exposures have permitted us to study its sedimentary characteristics as a means of better understanding the origin, significance, and evolution of the deposit. Deposits of the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow in the Chetaslina River drainage are primary debris-avalanche deposits and consist of two principal facies types, a near-source block facies and a distal mixed facies. The block facies is composed entirely of block-supported, shattered and fractured blocks with individual blocks up to 40 m in diameter. The mixed facies consists of block-sized particles in a matrix of poorly sorted rock rubble, sand, and silt generated by the comminution of larger blocks. Deposits of the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow exposed along the Copper, Tonsina, and Chitina rivers are debris-flow deposits that evolved from the debris-avalanche component of the flow and from erosion and entrainment of local glacial and glaciolacustrine diamicton in the Copper River lowland. The debris-flow deposits were probably generated through mixing of the distal debris avalanche with the ancestral Copper River, or through breaching of a debris-avalanche dam across the ancestral river. The distribution of facies types and major-element chemistry of clasts in the deposit indicate that its source was an ancestral volcanic edifice, informally known as the Chetaslina vent, on the southwest side of Mount Wrangell. A major sector collapse of the Chetaslina vent initiated the Chetaslina volcanic mass flow forming a debris avalanche of about 4 km3 that subsequently transformed to a debris flow of unknown volume.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/e02-032","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., and Wallace, K., 2002, Flank collapse at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, recorded by volcanic mass-flow deposits in the Copper River lowland: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1257-1279, https://doi.org/10.1139/e02-032.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1279","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207707,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e02-032"},{"id":232868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10d0e4b0c8380cd53dff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, K.L.","contributorId":103457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177915,"text":"70177915 - 2002 - Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-06T15:23:22","indexId":"70177915","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1296,"text":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish","docAbstract":"To date, most researchers have used dietborne metal concentrations rather than daily doses to define metal exposure and this has resulted in contradictory data within and between fish species. It has also resulted in the impression that high concentrations of dietborne Cu and Zn (e.g.>900 mg kg−1 dry diet) are relatively non-toxic to fish. We re-analyzed existing data using rations and dietborne metal concentrations and used daily dose, species and life stage to define the toxicity of dietborne Cu and Zn to fish. Partly because of insufficient information we were unable to find consistent relationships between metal toxicity in laboratory-prepared diets and any other factor including, supplemented metal compound (e.g. CuSO4 or CuCl2), duration of metal exposure, diet type (i.e. practical, purified or live diets), or water quality (flow rates, temperature, hardness, pH, alkalinity). For laboratory-prepared diets, dietborne Cu toxicity occurred at daily doses of >1 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), 1–15 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 (depending on life stage) for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and 35–45 mg kg−1 body weight d−1 for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We found that dietborne Zn toxicity has not yet been demonstrated in rainbow trout or turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) probably because these species have been exposed to relatively low doses of metal (<90 mg kg−1 body weight d−1) and effects on growth and reproduction have not been analyzed. However, daily doses of 9–12 mg Zn kg−1 body weight d−1 in laboratory-prepared diets were toxic to three other species, carp Cyprinus carpio, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and guppy Poecilia reticulata. Limited research indicates that biological incorporation of Cu or Zn into a natural diet can either increase or decrease metal bioavailability, and the relationship between bioavailability and toxicity remains unclear. We have resolved the contradictory data surrounding the effect of organic chelation on metal bioavailability. Increased bioavailability of dietborne Cu and Zn is detectable when the metal is both organically chelated and provided in very low daily doses. We have summarized the information available on the effect of phosphates, phytate and calcium on dietborne Zn bioavailability. We also explored a rationale to understand the relative importance of exposure to waterborne or dietborne Cu and Zn with a view to finding an approach useful to regulatory agencies. Contrary to popular belief, the relative efficiency of Cu uptake from water and diet is very similar when daily doses are compared rather than Cu concentrations in each media. The ratio of dietborne dose:waterborne dose is a good discriminator of the relative importance of exposure to dietborne or waterborne Zn. We discuss gaps in existing data, suggest improvements for experimental design, and indicate directions for future research.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00078-9","usgsCitation":"Clearwater, S.J., Farag, A.M., and Meyer, J., 2002, Bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, v. 132, no. 3, p. 269-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00078-9.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"313","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810f469e4b0f497e797d080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clearwater, Susan J.","contributorId":176307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clearwater","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farag, Aida M. 0000-0003-4247-6763 aida_farag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6763","contributorId":1139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farag","given":"Aida","email":"aida_farag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":652141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, J.S.","contributorId":85741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":652142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024823,"text":"70024823 - 2002 - SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints for relating plutonism and mineralization in the Boulder batholith region, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-07T20:39:22.245015","indexId":"70024823","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints for relating plutonism and mineralization in the Boulder batholith region, Montana","title":"SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints for relating plutonism and mineralization in the Boulder batholith region, Montana","docAbstract":"The composite Boulder batholith, Montana, hosts a variety of mineral deposit types, including important silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein districts in the northern part of the batholith and the giant Butte porphyry copper-molybdenum pre-Main Stage system and crosscutting copper-rich Main Stage vein system in the southern part of the batholith. Previous dating studies have identified ambiguous relationships among igneous and mineralizing events. Mineralizing hydrothermal fluids for these types of deposits and magma for quartz porphyry dikes at Butte have all been considered to be late-stage differentiates of the Boulder batholith. However, previous dating studies indicated that the Boulder batholith plutons cooled from about 78 to 72 Ma, whereas copper-rich Main Stage veins at Butte were dated at about 61 Ma. Recent efforts to date the porphyry copper-molybdenum pre-Main Stage deposits at Butte resulted in conflicting estimates of both 64 and 76 Ma for the mineralizing events. Silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein deposits elsewhere in the batholith have not been dated previously.
To resolve this controversy, we used the U.S. Geological Survey, Stanford, SHRIMP RG ion microprobe to date single-age domains within zircons from plutonic rock samples and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology to date white mica, biotite, and K-feldspar from mineral deposits. U-Pb zircon ages are Rader Creek Granodiorite, 80.4 ± 1.2 Ma; Unionville Granodiorite, 78.2 ± 0.8 Ma; Pulpit Rock granite, 76.5 ± 0.8 Ma; Butte Granite, 74.5 ± 0.9 Ma; altered Steward-type quartz porphyry dike (I-15 roadcut), 66.5 ± 1.0 Ma; altered Steward-type quartz porphyry dike (Continental pit), 65.7 ± 0.9 Ma; and quartz monzodiorite of Boulder Baldy (Big Belt Mountains), 66.2 ± 0.9 Ma. Zircons from Rader Creek Granodiorite and quartz porphyry dike samples contain Archean inheritance. The 40Ar/39Ar ages are muscovite, silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein (Basin district), 74.4 ± 0.3 Ma; muscovite, silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein (Boulder district), 74.4 ± 1.2 Ma; muscovite, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63.6 ± 0.2 Ma; biotite, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63.6 ± 0.2 Ma; potassium feldspar, early dark micaceous vein (Continental pit), 63 to 59 Ma; and biotite, biotite breccia dike (Continental pit), 63.6 ± 0.2 Ma.
Outlying silver-rich polymetallic quartz veins of the Basin and Boulder mining districts probably are directly related to the 74.5 Ma Butte Granite, whereas Steward-type east-west quartz porphyry dikes and Butte pre-Main Stage deposits are parts of a 66 to 64 Ma magmatic-mineralization system unrelated to emplacement of the Boulder batholith. The age of the crosscutting Main Stage veins may be about 61 Ma as originally reported but can only be bracketed as younger than the 64 Ma pre-Main Stage mineralization and older than the about 50 Ma Eocene Lowland Creek intrusions.
The 66 Ma age for the quartz monzodiorite of Boulder Baldy and consideration of previous dating studies in the region indicate that small ca. 66 Ma plutonic systems may be common in the Boulder batholith region and especially to the east. The approximately 64 Ma porphyry copper systems at Butte and gold mineralization at Miller Mountain are indicative of regionally important mineralizing systems of this age in the Boulder batholith region. Resolution of the age and probable magmatic source of the Butte pre-Main Stage porphyry copper-molybdenum system and of the silver-rich polymetallic quartz vein systems in the northern part of the Boulder batholith documents that these deposits formed from two discrete periods of hydrothermal mineralization related to two discrete magmatic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/97.2.241","usgsCitation":"Lund, K., Aleinikoff, J.N., Kunk, M.J., Unruh, D., Zeihen, G.D., Hodges, W.C., du Bray, E.A., and O’Neill, J.M., 2002, SHRIMP U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar age constraints for relating plutonism and mineralization in the Boulder batholith region, Montana: Economic Geology, v. 97, no. 2, p. 241-267, https://doi.org/10.2113/97.2.241.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"241","endPage":"267","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Batholith region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.345947265625,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -111.6595458984375,\n 45.57944511437787\n ],\n [\n -111.6595458984375,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -113.345947265625,\n 46.837649560937464\n ],\n [\n -113.345947265625,\n 45.57944511437787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf43e4b0c8380cd874ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lund, Karen 0000-0002-4249-3582 klund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-3582","contributorId":1235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"Karen","email":"klund@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Unruh, Daniel M.","contributorId":96291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"Daniel M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zeihen, G. D.","contributorId":44325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeihen","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hodges, W. C.","contributorId":92833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"du Bray, Edward A. 0000-0002-4383-8394 edubray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-8394","contributorId":755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"du Bray","given":"Edward","email":"edubray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":402744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"O’Neill, J. Michael jmoneill@usgs.gov","contributorId":99522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"J.","email":"jmoneill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70024776,"text":"70024776 - 2002 - Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T14:50:11","indexId":"70024776","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water","docAbstract":"A stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) is described for potential use as an in situ, passive, integrative sampler for cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in natural waters. The SLMD (patent pending) consists of a 2.5-cm-wide by 15-cm-long strip of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) layflat tubing containing 1 mL of an equal mixture (v/v) of oleic acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and EMO-8Q (7-[4-ethyl-1-methyloctyl]-8-quinolinol). The reagent mixture continuously diffuses to the exterior surface of the LDPE membrane, and provides for sequestration of several divalent metals for up to several weeks. Depending on sampler configuration, concentration factors of several thousand can be realized for these metal ions after just a few days. In addition to in situ deployment, the SLMD may be useful for laboratory determination of labile metal species in grab samples. Methods for minimizing the effects of water flow on the sampling rate are currently under investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1012923529742","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Brumbaugh, W.G., Petty, J.D., Huckins, J., and Manahan, S., 2002, Stabilized liquid membrane device (SLMD) for the passive, integrative sampling of labile metals in water: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 133, no. 1-4, p. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012923529742.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207742,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012923529742"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9660e4b08c986b31b481","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brumbaugh, W. G.","contributorId":106441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petty, J. D.","contributorId":86722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petty","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, J.N.","contributorId":62553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Manahan, S.E.","contributorId":102667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manahan","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70024727,"text":"70024727 - 2002 - Salt deposits in Arizona promise gas-storage opportunities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T16:48:05","indexId":"70024727","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Salt deposits in Arizona promise gas-storage opportunities","docAbstract":"Massive salt formations and their proximity to pipeline systems and power plants make Arizona attractive for natural gas storage. Caverns dissolved in subsurface salt are used to store LPG at Ferrellgas Partners LP facility near Holbrook and the AmeriGas Partners LP facility near Glendale. Three other companies are investigating the feasibility of storing natural gas in Arizona salt: Copper Eagle Gas Storage LLC, Desert Crossing Gas Storage and Transportation System LLC, and Aquila Inc. The most extensive salt deposits are in the Colorado Plateau Province. Marine and nonmarine salt deposits are present in Arizona.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Rauzi, S., 2002, Salt deposits in Arizona promise gas-storage opportunities: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 100, no. 17, p. 68-70.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"68","endPage":"70","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351781,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-100/issue-17/transportation/salt-deposits-in-arizona-promise-gas-storage-opportunities.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","volume":"100","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab017e4b0c8380cd87920","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rauzi, S.L.","contributorId":9426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rauzi","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70024735,"text":"70024735 - 2002 - Tectonics and distribution of gold deposits in China - An overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T14:41:44.358289","indexId":"70024735","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonics and distribution of gold deposits in China - An overview","docAbstract":"Gold exploration in China has expanded rapidly during the last two decades since a modern approach to economic development has become a national priority. China currently produces 180 tonnes (t) of gold annually, which is still significantly less than South Africa, USA, and Australia. However, China is now recognized as possessing significant gold resources in a wide range of mineral deposit types. Present estimates of gold resources in China exceed 4,500 t, which comprise 60% in gold-only deposits, more than 25% in base metal-rich skarn, porphyry, and vein deposits, and more than 10% in placer accumulations. The major gold provinces in China formed during the main episodes of Phanerozoic tectonism. Such tectonism involved interaction of China's three major Precambrian cratons, North China, Tarim, and Yangtze (or South China when combined with Cathaysia block), with the Angara (or Siberian), Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan, and Indian cratons. Resulting collisions included deformation of accreted oceanic sequences between the cratonic blocks. The most important ore-forming orogenies were (1) the late Paleozoic Variscan (405–270 Ma), which led to amalgamation of the Angara, North China and Yangtze cratons, (2) the Indosinian (270–208 Ma), which led to the collision of North China and South China cratons, (3) the Yanshanian (208–90 Ma), which was largely influenced by the subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific plates beneath eastern China, and (4) the Himalayan (<90 Ma) indentation of the Indian continent into Eurasia. No important Precambrian gold systems are recognized in China, mainly because of reworking of exposed Precambrian rocks by these younger orogenies, but there are a few Caledonian (600–405 Ma) gold-bearing systems in northern Xinjiang. Most of China's orogenic, epithermal, and Carlin-like gold deposits are in the reworked margins of major cratonic blocks and in metasedimentary rock-dominated fold belts adjacent to these margins. Accordingly, the major gold provinces are present along the northern, southeastern and southern margins of the North China craton, along the southwestern and northwestern margins of the Yangtze craton, in the Tianshan and Altayshan orogenic belts in northern Xinjiang, and throughout the southeastern China fold belt. Gold-placer deposits derived from these primary deposits are concentrated in the northernmost part of northeastern China and along the northwestern margin of the Yangtze craton. The major provinces with significant gold in porphyry-related copper systems and base metal skarns are present in the Yangtze River area along the northeastern and southeastern margin of the Yangtze craton, in the fold belt in southwestern China, and scattered through northern China. Three-quarters of the Chinese gold-only deposits occur within the North China craton margins. Half are located in the uplifted Precambrian metamorphic rocks and most of the remainder are hosted in the Phanerozoic granitoids that intruded the reworked Precambrian terranes. The abundance of granite-hosted gold contrasts the North China craton with other Precambrian cratons, such as those in Western Australia, central Canada, and Zimbabwe, where gold is mainly hosted in the Archean greenstone belts. This difference may be explained by the multiple episodes of Phanerozoic tectonism along the North China craton margins resulting from the collision of the Angara, North China, and South China cratons, and from subduction of the Izanagi–Pacific oceanic plates underneath the eastern China continent.
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T.","contributorId":93248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":402451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Neil G.","contributorId":295239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024164,"text":"70024164 - 2002 - New Mexico structural zone - An analogue of the Colorado mineral belt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T20:14:44.766269","indexId":"70024164","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2954,"text":"Ore Geology Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New Mexico structural zone - An analogue of the Colorado mineral belt","docAbstract":"Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico.
The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00090-2","issn":"01691368","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., Stein, H.J., and Finn, C.A., 2002, New Mexico structural zone - An analogue of the Colorado mineral belt: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 211-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00090-2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"225","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207097,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00090-2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, USA","otherGeospatial":"New Mexico structural zone","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-104.053249,41.001406],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-103.002247,36.911587],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-106.565142,32.000736],[-106.577244,31.810406],[-106.750547,31.783706],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.722746,32.713071],[-117.118868,32.534706],[-117.50565,33.334063],[-118.088896,33.729817],[-118.428407,33.774715],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.159554,34.119653],[-119.616862,34.420995],[-120.441975,34.451512],[-120.608355,34.556656],[-120.644311,35.139616],[-120.873046,35.225688],[-120.884757,35.430196],[-121.851967,36.277831],[-121.932508,36.559935],[-121.788278,36.803994],[-121.880167,36.950151],[-122.140578,36.97495],[-122.419113,37.24147],[-122.511983,37.77113],[-122.425942,37.810979],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.144396,37.581866],[-122.385908,37.908136],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.484411,38.11496],[-122.492474,37.82484],[-122.972378,38.020247],[-123.103706,38.415541],[-123.725367,38.917438],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.373599,40.392923],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.536073,42.814175],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.962887,45.280218],[-123.996766,46.20399],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.97083,46.47537],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-124.022413,46.708973],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.637425,47.889945],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.425572,48.232887],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.424102,48.334346],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.796887,48.975026],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-104.053249,41.001406]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.5667,34.053452],[-119.795938,33.962929],[-119.916216,34.058351],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.573522,32.969183],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-118.500212,33.449592],[-118.32446,33.348782],[-118.593969,33.467198],[-118.500212,33.449592]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.400628,48.036563],[-122.419274,47.912125],[-122.744612,48.20965],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.883759,48.418793],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.800217,48.60169]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6533e4b0c8380cd72b2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, H. J.","contributorId":98748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":400233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":400232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}