Heavy rainfall resulted in major flooding in the Meramec River Basin in eastern Missouri during late December 2015 through early January 2016. Cumulative rainfall from December 14 to 29, 2015, ranged from 7.6 to 12.3 inches at selected precipitation stations in the basin with flooding driven by the heaviest precipitation (3.9–9.7 inches) between December 27 and 29, 2015. Financial losses from flooding included damage to homes and other structures, damage to roads, and debris removal. Eight of 11 counties in the basin were declared a Federal Disaster Area.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and St. Louis Metropolitan Sewer District, operates multiple streamgages along the Meramec River and its primary tributaries including the Bourbeuse River and Big River. The period of record for streamflow at streamgages in the basin included in this report ranges from 24 to 102 years. Instrumentation in a streamgage shelter automatically makes observations of stage using a variety of methods (submersible pressure transducer, non-submersible pressure transducer, or non-contact radar). These observations are recorded autonomously at a predetermined programmed frequency (typically either 15 or 30 minutes) dependent on drainage-area size and concomitant flashiness of the stream. Although stage data are important, streamflow data are equally or more important for streamflow forecasting, water-quality constituent loads computation, flood-frequency analysis, and flood mitigation planning. Streamflows are computed from recorded stage data using an empirically determined relation between stage and streamflow termed a “rating.” Development and verification of the rating requires periodic onsite discrete measurements of streamflow throughout time and over the range of stages to define local hydraulic conditions.
The purpose of this report is to examine characteristics of flooding that occurred in the Meramec River Basin in December 2015–January 2016 including peak stages, peak streamflows, and the flood-frequency statistics associated with the peak flows. A comparison between the December 2015–January 2016 flood and a similar flood in December 1982 in the Meramec River Basin also is included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161140","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., Jr., Koenig, T.A., Rydlund, P.H., and Heimann, D.C., 2016, Examination of flood characteristics at selected streamgages in the Meramec River Basin, Eastern Missouri, December 2015–January 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1140, 7 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161140.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p., Tables: 1-3","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077164","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/ofr20161140.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1140"},{"id":328621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328623,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/ofr20161140_tables1-3.xlsx","text":"Tables 1–3","size":"333 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016–1140 Tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Meramec River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.900634765625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -91.900634765625,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -90.2911376953125,\n 37.3002752813443\n ],\n [\n -91.900634765625,\n 37.3002752813443\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Chief, Office of Surface Water
U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
The Wolf Point quadrangle encompasses approximately 16,084 km2 (6,210 mi2). The northern boundary is the Montana/Saskatchewan (U.S.-Canada) boundary. The quadrangle is in the Northern Plains physiographic province and it includes the Peerless Plateau and Flaxville Plain. The primary river is the Missouri River.
The map units are surficial deposits and materials, not landforms. Deposits that comprise some constructional landforms (for example, ground-moraine deposits, end-moraine deposits, and stagnation-moraine deposits, all composed of till) are distinguished for purposes of reconstruction of glacial history. Surficial deposits and materials are assigned to 23 map units on the basis of genesis, age, lithology or composition, texture or particle size, and other physical, chemical, and engineering characteristics. It is not a map of soils that are recognized in pedology or agronomy. Rather, it is a generalized map of soils recognized in engineering geology, or of substrata or parent materials in which pedologic or agronomic soils are formed. Glaciotectonic (ice-thrust) structures and deposits are mapped separately, represented by a symbol. The surficial deposits are glacial, ice-contact, glaciofluvial, alluvial, lacustrine, eolian, colluvial, and mass-movement deposits.
Till of late Wisconsin age is represented by three map units. Till of Illinoian age also is mapped. Till deposited during pre-Illinoian glaciations is not mapped, but is widespread in the subsurface. Linear ice-molded landforms (primarily drumlins), shown by symbol, indicate directions of ice flow during late Wisconsin and Illinoian glaciations. The Quaternary geologic map of the Wolf Point quadrangle, northeastern Montana and North Dakota, was prepared to provide a database for compilation of a Quaternary geologic map of the Regina 4° × 6° quadrangle, United States and Canada, at scale 1:1,000,000, for the U.S. Geological Survey Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series. This map was compiled from data from many sources, at several different map scales. That information was generalized and simplified, and then transferred to a base map at 1:250,000 scale to serve as the base for final reduction to 1:1,000,000, the nominal reading scale of maps in the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series. This map is the generalized and simplified 1:250,000 scale compilation. Letter symbols for the map units are those used for the same units in the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States map series. The map summarizes new, and selected published and unpublished, geologic information for public use and for use by Federal, State, and local governmental agencies for land use planning, including assessment of natural resources, natural hazards, recreation potential, and land use management. It also is a base from which a variety of maps relating to earth surface processes and Quaternary geologic history can be derived.
Center Director, USGS Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
A Presidential disaster was declared in northwestern Massachusetts, following flooding from tropical storm Irene on August 28, 2011. During the storm, 3 to 10 inches of rain fell on soils that were susceptible to flash flooding because of wet antecedent conditions. The gage height at one U.S. Geological Survey streamgage rose nearly 20 feet in less than 4 hours because of the combination of saturated soils and intense rainfall. On August 28, 2011, in the Deerfield and Hoosic River Basins in northwestern Massachusetts, new peaks of record were set at six of eight U.S. Geological Survey long-term streamgages with 46 to 100 years of record. Additionally, high-water marks were surveyed and indirect measurements of peak discharge were calculated at two discontinued streamgages in the Deerfield and Hoosic River Basins with 24 and 61 years of record, respectively. This data resulted in new historic peaks of record at the two discontinued streamgages from tropical storm Irene.
\nPeak flows that resulted from tropical storm Irene (August 28, 2011) were determined at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages by using stage-discharge rating curves and indirect computation methods. For six streamgages, indirect computation methods were used to compute the peak flows. Peak flows from tropical storm Irene had annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) that ranged from 5.4 percent to less than 0.2 percent at 10 streamgages in northwestern Massachusetts.
\nDischarges calculated for select AEPs as a part of this study were compared with discharges published for the same AEPs in the effective Federal Emergency Management Agency flood insurance studies (FISs) for communities in the study area. Discharges estimated for the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs at two streamgages on the main stem of the Deerfield River ranged from about 3 percent lower to 14 percent higher than discharges in the FISs. AEP discharges calculated for two streamgages on tributaries to the Deerfield River were 27 to 89 percent higher than the FISs. For the four streamgages in the Hoosic River Basin, the 10-, 2-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEP discharges calculated ranged from about 33 percent lower to 5 percent higher than the FISs.
\nThe simulated 1-percent AEP discharge water-surface elevations (nonregulatory) from recent (2015–16) hydraulic models for river reaches in the study area, which include the Deerfield, Green, and North Rivers in the Deerfield River Basin and the Hoosic River in the Hoosic River Basin, were compared with water-surface profiles in the FISs. The water-surface elevation comparisons were generally done downstream and upstream from bridges, dams, and major tributaries. The simulated 1-percent AEP discharge water-surface elevations of the recent hydraulic studies averaged 2.2, 2.3, 0.3, and 0.7 ft higher than water-surface elevations in the FISs for the Deerfield, Green, North, and Hoosic Rivers, respectively. The differences in water-surface elevations between the recent (2015–16) hydraulic studies and the FISs likely are because of (1) improved land elevation data from light detection and ranging (lidar) data collected in 2012, (2) detailed surveying of hydraulic structures and cross sections throughout the river reaches in 2012–13 (reflecting structure and cross section changes during the last 30–35 years), (3) updated hydrology analyses (30–35 water years of additional peak flow data at streamgages), and (4) high-water marks from the 2011 tropical storm Irene flood being used for model calibration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Bent, G.C., Olson, S.A., and Massey, A.J., 2016, Tropical storm Irene flood of August 2011 in northwestern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5027, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165027.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-067697","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327912,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5027/sir20165027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5027"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.61688232421875,\n 42.731378652044185\n ],\n [\n -72.60452270507812,\n 42.718263627309774\n ],\n [\n -72.58804321289061,\n 42.693539313660004\n ],\n [\n -72.55989074707031,\n 42.653656930109726\n ],\n [\n -72.55302429199219,\n 42.64153569439977\n ],\n [\n -72.5592041015625,\n 42.628906895633456\n ],\n [\n -72.55851745605469,\n 42.61122227199062\n ],\n [\n -72.56813049316406,\n 42.603641609996586\n ],\n [\n -72.57637023925781,\n 42.59606002548659\n ],\n [\n -72.58049011230469,\n 42.59454359788448\n ],\n [\n -72.57980346679686,\n 42.58493869951935\n ],\n [\n -72.57568359375,\n 42.578871685346364\n ],\n [\n -72.57431030273438,\n 42.560161341916064\n ],\n [\n -72.58323669433594,\n 42.54296310520116\n ],\n [\n -72.59078979492188,\n 42.52677220056902\n ],\n [\n -72.60246276855469,\n 42.50804623455747\n ],\n [\n -72.62718200683594,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -72.652587890625,\n 42.50956476517422\n ],\n [\n -72.6800537109375,\n 42.51766297209017\n ],\n [\n -72.69515991210938,\n 42.52879629320373\n ],\n [\n -72.70683288574219,\n 42.51766297209017\n ],\n [\n -72.71781921386719,\n 42.50754004948742\n ],\n [\n -72.74116516113281,\n 42.49387150323448\n ],\n [\n -72.78923034667969,\n 42.47817430242153\n ],\n [\n -72.80845642089844,\n 42.46753847696729\n ],\n [\n -72.82699584960938,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -72.84347534179688,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -72.85308837890624,\n 42.53638605645048\n ],\n [\n -72.89840698242188,\n 42.55055114674488\n ],\n [\n -72.90252685546875,\n 42.54448078729858\n ],\n [\n -72.90390014648438,\n 42.53739795519656\n ],\n [\n -72.94166564941406,\n 42.53638605645048\n ],\n [\n -72.94647216796874,\n 42.525760129656845\n ],\n [\n -72.96363830566406,\n 42.51968735985934\n ],\n [\n -72.97531127929688,\n 42.53588010092859\n ],\n [\n -72.9876708984375,\n 42.54852775918642\n ],\n [\n -73.00277709960938,\n 42.55560932868032\n ],\n [\n -73.01239013671875,\n 42.562184352321886\n ],\n [\n -73.02200317382812,\n 42.57027573801005\n ],\n [\n -73.02818298339844,\n 42.58645536081647\n ],\n [\n -73.04054260253906,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -73.04672241210938,\n 42.605157816197334\n ],\n [\n -73.06938171386719,\n 42.58696090638245\n ],\n [\n -73.06800842285156,\n 42.5798828953732\n ],\n [\n -73.06869506835938,\n 42.560161341916064\n ],\n [\n -73.05770874023438,\n 42.54144538620976\n ],\n [\n -73.05770874023438,\n 42.53486817758702\n ],\n [\n -73.07212829589844,\n 42.52677220056902\n ],\n [\n -73.10508728027344,\n 42.51158941527828\n ],\n [\n -73.11126708984375,\n 42.49690921618136\n ],\n [\n -73.14628601074219,\n 42.50500906265383\n ],\n [\n -73.15864562988281,\n 42.49944053092116\n ],\n [\n -73.16963195800781,\n 42.489820989777066\n ],\n [\n -73.18954467773438,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -73.21563720703125,\n 42.49032731830467\n ],\n [\n -73.22181701660156,\n 42.50905859240087\n ],\n [\n -73.22181701660156,\n 42.52829027619378\n ],\n [\n -73.21769714355469,\n 42.54448078729858\n ],\n [\n -73.21151733398436,\n 42.553586105099654\n ],\n [\n -73.20533752441406,\n 42.56370156708076\n ],\n [\n -73.19366455078125,\n 42.587971985214814\n ],\n [\n -73.201904296875,\n 42.58594981115061\n ],\n [\n -73.23211669921875,\n 42.58493869951935\n ],\n [\n -73.24928283691406,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -73.25889587402344,\n 42.5995982130586\n ],\n [\n -73.26301574707031,\n 42.58746644784856\n ],\n [\n -73.32069396972655,\n 42.59252163701558\n ],\n [\n -73.26507568359375,\n 42.74600367786244\n ],\n [\n -72.61688232421875,\n 42.731378652044185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey developed flood elevations in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency for a 14.3-mile reach of the Green River in Colrain, Leyden, and Greenfield, Massachusetts, to assist landowners and emergency management workers to prepare for and recover from floods. The river reach extends from the U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage downstream to the confluence with the Deerfield River. A series of seven digital flood inundation maps were developed for the upper 4.4 miles of the river reach downstream from the stream. Flood discharges corresponding to the 50-, 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities were computed for the reach from updated flood-frequency analyses. These peak flows and the flood flows associated with the stages of 10.2, 12.4, and 14.4 feet (ft) at the Green River streamgage were routed through a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic model to obtain the corresponding peak water-surface elevations and to place the Tropical Storm Irene flood of August 28, 2011 (stage 13.97 ft), into historical context. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the current (2015) stage-discharge relation at the U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage and from documented high-water marks from the Tropical Storm Irene flood, which had a flow higher than a 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood discharge.
The hydraulic model was used to compute water-surface profiles for flood stages referenced to the streamgage and ranging from the 50-percent annual exceedance probability (bankfull flow) at 7.6 ft (439.8 ft above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]) to 14.4 ft (446.7 ft NAVD 88), which exceeds the maximum recorded water level of 13.97 ft (Tropical Storm Irene) at the streamgage. The mapped stages of 7.6 to 14.4 ft were selected to match the stages for bankfull; the 50-, 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities; incremental stages of 10.2 and 12.4 ft; and the maximum stage of the stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.5-ft vertical accuracy to create a set of flood-inundation maps.
The availability of the flood-inundation maps, combined with information regarding near real-time stage from U.S. Geological Survey Green River near Colrain, MA (01170100) streamgage, can provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and postflood recovery efforts. The flood-inundation maps are nonregulatory but provide Federal, State, and local agencies and the public with estimates of the potential extent of flooding during selected peak-flow events.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., Bent, G.C., and Lombard, P.J., 2016, Flood-inundation maps for the Green River in Colrain, Leyden, and Greenfield, Massachusetts, from U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 01170100 Green River near Colrain to the confluence with the Deerfield River (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5107, 18 p., appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Appendix 2; Application Site; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-062774","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331081,"rank":8,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":331083,"rank":7,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_flood-inundation_gis.zip","text":"Flood Inundation GIS","size":"4.59 MB"},{"id":327919,"rank":6,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://wimcloud.usgs.gov/apps/FIM/FloodInundationMapper.html","text":"Flood Inundation Mapper ","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":327920,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_appendix2_metadata.xml ","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"13.6 KB xml","description":"SIR 2016-5107","linkHelpText":"metadata"},{"id":327917,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107"},{"id":327918,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_appendix2_gis.zip","text":"Appendix 2 - ","size":"160 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5107 - Spatial Data","linkHelpText":"GIS"},{"id":327916,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":331082,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5107/sir20165107_flood-inundation_metadata.xml","text":"Flood Inundation GIS ","size":"26 KB xml","linkHelpText":"metadata"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Colrain, Greenfield, Leyden","otherGeospatial":"Green River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.55\n ],\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.72\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 42.72\n ],\n [\n -72.7,\n 42.55\n ],\n [\n -72.55,\n 42.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 2, 2016; Version 1.1: November 23, 2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, completed a geomorphic assessment of 51 Duluth-area stream sites in 20 basins to describe and document the stream geomorphic changes associated with the June 2012 flood. Heavy rainfall caused flood peaks with annual exceedance probabilities of less than 0.002 (flood recurrence interval of greater than 500 years) on large and small streams in and surrounding the Duluth area. A geomorphic segment-scale classification previously developed in 2003–4 by the U.S. Geological Survey for Duluth-area streams was used as a framework to characterize the observed flood-related responses along a longitudinal continuum from headwaters to rivermouths at Lake Superior related to drainage network position, slope, geologic setting, and valley type. Field assessments in 2013 followed and expanded on techniques used in 2003–4 at intensive and rapid sites. A third level of assessment was added in 2013 to increase the amount of quantitative data at a subset of 2003–4 rapid sites. Characteristics of channel morphology, channel bed substrate, exposed bars and soft sediment deposition, large wood, pools, and bank erosion were measured; and repeat photographs were taken. Additional measurements in 2013 included identification of Rosgen Level II stream types. The comparative analyses of field data collected in 2003–4 and again in 2013 indicated notable geomorphic changes, some of them expected and others not. As expected, in headwaters with gently sloping wetland segments, geomorphic changes were negligible (little measured or observed change). Downstream, middle main stems generally had bank and bluff erosion and bar formation as expected. Steep bedrock sites along middle and lower main stems had localized bank and bluff erosion in short sections with intermittent bedrock. Lower main stem and alluvial sites had bank erosion, widening, gravel bar deposition, and aggradation. Bar formation and accumulation of gravel was more widespread than expected among all main stems, especially for sites upstream and downstream from channel constrictions from road crossings, or even steep sites with localized, more gently sloping sections. Decreases in large wood and pools also were observed throughout the longitudinal continuum of main-stem sites, with immediate implications for fish and benthic invertebrate aquatic habitat. Whether or not the geomorphic conditions will return to their preflood condition depends on the location along the longitudinal continuum. The amount of large wood and pools may return after more moderate floods, whereas bars with coarse material may remain in place, locally altering flow direction and causing continued bank erosion. Results from this study can be used by local managers in postflood reconstruction efforts and provide baseline information for continued monitoring of geomorphic responses to the June 2012 flood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., Ellison, C.A., Czuba, C.R., Young, B.M., McCool, M.M., and Groten, J.T., 2016, Geomorphic responses of Duluth-area streams to the June 2012 flood, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5104, 53 p. with appendixes, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165104.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 53 p.; Appendixes: 1–4","numberOfPages":"64","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065922","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328169,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix4.xlsx","text":"Appendix 4","size":"990 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 4"},{"id":328168,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix3.zip","text":"Appendix 3","size":"2.36 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 3"},{"id":328167,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 2"},{"id":328166,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104 Appendix 1"},{"id":328164,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328165,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5104/sir20165104.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5104"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Duluth","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.92741394042969,\n 46.87849898215226\n ],\n [\n -92.01805114746094,\n 46.924007100770275\n ],\n [\n -92.0328140258789,\n 46.981891954654735\n ],\n [\n -92.07744598388672,\n 47.003202171774475\n ],\n [\n -92.13890075683594,\n 46.96666516842388\n ],\n [\n -92.14302062988281,\n 46.90806019832023\n ],\n [\n -92.19657897949219,\n 46.81039934792954\n ],\n [\n -92.20756530761719,\n 46.785956378641224\n ],\n [\n -92.35382080078125,\n 46.69301892051677\n ],\n [\n -92.31021881103516,\n 46.66758028334327\n ],\n [\n -92.24292755126953,\n 46.65438516352555\n ],\n [\n -92.20378875732422,\n 46.65532777888051\n ],\n [\n -92.20172882080078,\n 46.703614817813545\n ],\n [\n -92.1866226196289,\n 46.71915170604123\n ],\n [\n -92.1488571166992,\n 46.71891633201399\n ],\n [\n -92.13924407958984,\n 46.739390031317825\n ],\n [\n -92.02869415283203,\n 46.822616668804926\n ],\n [\n -91.92741394042969,\n 46.87849898215226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
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The U.S. Geological Survey developed a groundwater flow model for the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to northeastern North Carolina as part of a detailed assessment of the groundwater availability of the area and included an evaluation of how these resources have changed over time from stresses related to human uses and climate trends. The assessment was necessary because of the substantial dependency on groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs in this area.
The three-dimensional, groundwater flow model developed for this investigation used the numerical code MODFLOW–NWT to represent changes in groundwater pumping and aquifer recharge from predevelopment (before 1900) to future conditions, from 1900 to 2058. The model was constructed using existing hydrogeologic and geospatial information to represent the aquifer system geometry, boundaries, and hydraulic properties of the 19 separate regional aquifers and confining units within the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system and was calibrated using an inverse modeling parameter-estimation (PEST) technique.
The parameter estimation process was achieved through history matching, using observations of heads and flows for both steady-state and transient conditions. A total of 8,868 annual water-level observations from 644 wells from 1986 to 2008 were combined into 29 water-level observation groups that were chosen to focus the history matching on specific hydrogeologic units in geographic areas in which distinct geologic and hydrologic conditions were observed. In addition to absolute water-level elevations, the water-level differences between individual measurements were also included in the parameter estimation process to remove the systematic bias caused by missing hydrologic stresses prior to 1986. The total average residual of –1.7 feet was normally distributed for all head groups, indicating minimal bias. The average absolute residual value of 12.3 feet is about 3 percent of the total observed water-level range throughout the aquifer system.
Streamflow observation data of base flow conditions were derived for 153 sites from the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset Plus and National Water Information System. An average residual of about –8 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 21 cubic feet per second for a range of computed base flows of about 417 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 122 sites from the National Hydrography Dataset Plus. An average residual of about 10 cubic feet per second and an average absolute residual of about 34 cubic feet per second were calculated for the 568 flow measurements in the 31 sites obtained from the National Water Information System for a range in computed base flows of about 1,141 cubic feet per second.
The numerical representation of the hydrogeologic information used in the development of this regional flow model was dependent upon how the aquifer system and simulated hydrologic stresses were discretized in space and time. Lumping hydraulic parameters in space and hydrologic stresses and time-varying observational data in time can limit the capabilities of this tool to simulate how the groundwater flow system responds to changes in hydrologic stresses, particularly at the local scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165076","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J.P., Pope, J.P., Fienen, M.N., Monti, Jack Jr., Nardi, M.R., and Finkelstein, J.S., 2016, Documentation of a groundwater flow model developed to assess groundwater availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system from Long Island, New York, to North Carolina (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5076, 70 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165076.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 70 p.; Data Releases","numberOfPages":"80","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-070585","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20163046","text":"Fact Sheet 2016–3046 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Sustainability of Groundwater Supplies in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System "},{"id":326328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ds996","text":"Data Series 996 -","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Digital Elevations and Extents of Regional Hydrogeologic Units in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326327,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165034","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5034 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Regional Chloride Distribution in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":326330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1829","text":"Professional Paper 1829 - ","description":"SIR 2016-5076","linkHelpText":"Assessment of Groundwater Availability in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York, to North Carolina"},{"id":332513,"rank":10,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":326839,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7MG7MKR","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-NWT model"},{"id":326325,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":327889,"rank":9,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wausp/","text":"USGS Water Availability and Use Science Program","description":"Project Site"},{"id":326840,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70V89WN","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital elevations and extents of hydrogeologic units"},{"id":326326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5076/sir20165076.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -73.93798828125,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.707186656826565\n ],\n [\n -77.080078125,\n 38.94232097947902\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 37.56199695314352\n ],\n [\n -77.5634765625,\n 36.82687474287728\n ],\n [\n -78.02490234375,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -75.6298828125,\n 34.63320791137959\n ],\n [\n -74.4873046875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -71.103515625,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 31, 2016; Version 1.1: December 23, 2016","publicComments":"Version 1.1","contact":"Water Availability and Use Science Program
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The maps and graphs in this summary describe national streamflow conditions for water year 2015 (October 1, 2014, to September 30, 2015) in the context of the 86-year period 1930–2015, unless otherwise noted. The illustrations are based on observed data from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Streamflow Information Program http://water.usgs.gov/nsip). The period 1930–2015 was used because prior to 1930, the number of streamgages was too small to provide representative data for computing statistics for most regions of the country.
In the summary, reference is made to the term “runoff,” which is the depth to which a river basin, State, or other geographic area would be covered with water if all the streamflow within the area during a specified time period was uniformly distributed upon it. Runoff quantifies the magnitude of water flowing through the Nation's rivers and streams in measurement units that can be compared from one area to another.
Each of the maps and graphs can be expanded to a larger view by clicking on the image. In all of the graphics, a rank of 1 indicates the highest flow of all years analyzed. Rankings of streamflow are grouped into much-below normal, below normal, normal, above normal, and much-above normal, based on percentiles of flow (greater than 90 percent, 76–90 percent, 25–75 percent, 10–24 percent, and less than 10 percent, respectively) (http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/?id=ww_current). Some data used to produce maps and graphs are provisional and subject to change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163055","usgsCitation":"Jian, Xiaodong, Wolock, D.M., Lins, H.F., and Brady, S.J., 2016, Streamflow of 2015—Water year national summary: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016–3055, 6 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163055.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075689","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326773,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3055/fs20163055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"609 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2016-3055"},{"id":326772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2016/3055/coverthb1.jpg"}],"country":"United 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U.S. Geological Survey
415 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
http://water.usgs.gov/osw/
A groundwater/surface-water model was constructed and calibrated for the Black Earth Creek watershed in south-central Wisconsin. The model was then run to simulate scenarios representing common societal concerns in the basin, focusing on maintaining a cold-water resource in an urbanizing fringe near its upper stream reaches and minimizing downstream flooding. Although groundwater and surface water are considered a single resource, many hydrologic models simplistically simulate feedback loops between the groundwater system and other hydrologic processes. These feedbacks include timing and rates of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil-zone flow, and interactions with the groundwater system; however, computer models can now routinely and iteratively couple the surface-water and groundwater systems—albeit with longer model run times. In this study, preliminary calibrations of uncoupled transient surface-water and steady-state groundwater models were used to form the starting point for final calibration of one transient computer simulation that iteratively couples groundwater and surface water. The computer code GSFLOW (Groundwater/Surface-water FLOW) was used to simulate the coupled hydrologic system; a surface-water model represented hydrologic processes in the atmosphere, at land surface, and within the soil zone, and a groundwater-flow model represented the unsaturated zone, saturated zone, and streams. The coupled GSFLOW model was run on a daily time step during water years 1985–2007. Early simulation times (1985–2000) were used for spin-up to make the simulation results less sensitive to initial conditions specified; the spin-up period was not included in the model calibration. Model calibration used observed heads, streamflows, solar radiation, and snowpack measurements from 2000 to 2007 for history matching. Calibration was performed by using the PEST parameter estimation software suite.
\nSimulated streamflows from the calibrated GSFLOW model and other basin characteristics were used as input to the one-dimensional SNTEMP (Stream-Network TEMPerature) model. SNTEMP was used to simulate daily stream temperature in selected stream reaches in the watershed. The temperature model was calibrated to high-resolution stream temperature time-series data measured in 2005. The calibrated GSFLOW and SNTEMP models were then used to simulate effects of potential climate change for the years 2010 through 2100. An ensemble of climate models and emission scenarios was evaluated. Downscaled climate drivers for the simulation period showed increases in maximum and minimum air temperature. Scenarios of future precipitation, however, did not show a monotonic trend like temperature. Uncertainty in the climate drivers increased with time for both temperature and precipitation.
\nForecasts of potential climate change scenarios showed growing season length increasing by weeks, and both potential and actual evapotranspiration rates increasing appreciably, in response to increasing air temperature. Simulated actual evapotranspiration rates increased less than simulated potential evapotranspiration rates as a result of water limitation in the root zone during the summer high-evapotranspiration period. The hydrologic-system response to climate change was characterized by a reduction in the importance of the snowmelt pulse and an increase in the importance of fall and winter groundwater recharge. The less dynamic hydrologic regime is likely to result in drier soil conditions, with relatively less drying expected in groundwater-fed systems. Groundwater discharge in the current upper cold-water reaches of Black Earth Creek is expected to decrease; flooding in downstream reaches may appreciably increase. The magnitude of changes in forecasted flow and associated groundwater/surface-water interaction is dependent on the General Circulation Model and emission scenario chosen.
\nPotential future changes in air temperature drivers were consistently upward regardless of General Circulation Model and emission scenario selected; thus, simulated stream temperatures are forecast to increase appreciably with future climate. However, the amount of temperature increase was variable. Such uncertainty is reflected in temperature model results, along with uncertainty in the groundwater/surface-water interaction itself. The estimated increase in annual average temperature ranged from approximately 3 to 6 degrees Celsius by 2100 in the upper reaches of Black Earth Creek and 2 to 4 degrees Celsius in reaches farther downstream. As with all forecasts that rely on projections of an unknowable future, the results are best considered to approximate potential outcomes of climate change given the underlying uncertainty.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165091","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Village of Cross Plains, Village of Black Earth, Town of Black Earth, Town of Vermont, Village of Mazomanie, and City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Hunt, R.J., Westenbroek, S.M., Walker, J.F., Selbig, W.R., Regan, R.S., Leaf, A.T., and Saad, D.A., 2016, Simulation of climate change effects on streamflow, groundwater, and stream temperature using GSFLOW and SNTEMP in the Black Earth Creek Watershed, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5091, 117 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165091.","productDescription":"Report: x, 49 p.; Appendixes: 1–6","startPage":"1","endPage":"117","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072633","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327327,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5091/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":327328,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5091/sir20165091.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.18333333333333 ], [ -89.55,43.06666666666667 ], [ -89.73333333333333,43.06666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Director, Wisconsin Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, Wisconsin 53562
Invasive species such as Asian carps have the potential to travel in the egg, larval, or fry stages from the Des Plaines River (DPR) to the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC) by way of the network of secondary-permeability features in the dolomite aquifer between these water bodies. Such movement would circumvent the electric fish barrier on the canal and allow Asian carps to travel unimpeded into Lake Michigan. This potential pathway for the spread of Asian carps and other invasive species was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The bed of the DPR appears to be in at least partial contact with the exposed bedrock in most of the area from about 1 mile west of Kingery Highway to Romeo Road (the study area). Areas of exposed bedrock are the most likely places for Asian carps to enter the groundwater system from the DPR. Water levels in the DPR typically are about 7–16 feet higher than those in the CSSC in most of the study area. This difference in water level provides the driving force for the potential spread of Asian carps from the DPR to the CSSC by way of groundwater.
Groundwater flow (and potentially invasive-species movement) is through an interconnected network of permeable vertical and horizontal fractures within the Silurian dolomite bedrock. At least some of the fractures are associated with paleo-karst features. Several investigative techniques identified horizontal permeable fractures at about 546–552 feet above the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 within about 55 feet of the CSSC in the focus area between Lemont Road and Interstate 355. The elevation of the bottom of the CSSC in this area is about 551 feet, indicating that a direct conduit for flow of groundwater to the CSSC may be present. Wells further away from the CSSC in this area do not intercept fractures, so the fracture network may not be continuous between the DPR and the CSSC. These data are consistent with field observations of the secondary-permeability network along the CSSC walls, which indicate that the secondary-permeability features are completely filled with Pennsylvanian sediments within a few feet of the canal wall.
Water-level data indicate the potential for flow from the DPR into the Silurian aquifer in the focus area, then from the aquifer to the CSSC. Water-level data also indicate that the fractures within the aquifer in the focus area are hydraulically well connected to the CSSC but not to the DPR, indicating that flow from the DPR to the groundwater system may not be substantial or rapid.
Water-quality data in the CSSC and the DPR show similar values and trends and are affected by diel and longer term variations in climate and precipitation. However, the values and trends in water quality in the groundwater system tended to be substantially different from those in the DPR and the CSSC, indicating that the DPR and the CSSC do not appreciably recharge the groundwater system. Water-quality and flow data do indicate that groundwater discharges to the CSSC in part of the focus area. The absence of substantial hydraulic interaction between the groundwater and the DPR is supported by the absence of detectable concentrations of the dye tracer added to the DPR in groundwater in the focus area, which indicates that water from the DPR requires more than 2 weeks to move into the monitored parts of the groundwater system under approximately typical hydraulic conditions. The totality of the data indicates that there is minimal potential for the inter-basin spread of Asian carps by way of the groundwater pathway between Romeo Road and Stickney, Illinois.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165095","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative ","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Mills, P.C., and Jackson, P.R., 2016, Geology, hydrology, water quality, and potential for interbasin invasive-species spread by way of the groundwater pathway near Lemont, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5095, 91 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165095.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036386","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438562,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7HH6H55","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Spatial distribution of Rhodamine WT dye concentration measured in the Des Plaines River and the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Chicago, IL in November 2011"},{"id":438561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S180KR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Doppler current profiler velocity data collected in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in 2010 and 2011 in support of the interbasin transport study for invasive Asian carp"},{"id":438560,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7N877WG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality distribution in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, USGS towed multiparameter sonde, Daily tow data files (Feb. 25-27, 2010 and March 2-3, 2010)"},{"id":327111,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/sir20165095.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5095"},{"id":327110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5095/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Lemont","otherGeospatial":"Des Plaines River, Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, Illinois Canal and Michigan Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ],\n [\n -88.37677001953125,\n 41.46125371076149\n ],\n [\n -88.37127685546875,\n 42.3179394544685\n ],\n [\n -87.84393310546875,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -87.64068603515625,\n 42.05948945192712\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.75287318430239\n ],\n [\n -87.53082275390625,\n 41.43860847395724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Illinois Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 N Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
Or visit our Web site at:
http://il.water.usgs.gov
This study assessed progress toward achieving sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed of the Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona, through evaluation of 14 indicators of sustainable use. Sustainable use of groundwater in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed requires, at a minimum, a stable rate of groundwater discharge to, and thus base flow in, the San Pedro River. Many of the 14 indicators are therefore related to long-term or short-term effects on base flow and provide us with a means to evaluate groundwater discharge to and base flow in the San Pedro River. The indicators were based primarily on 10 to 20 years of data monitoring in the subwatershed, ending in 2012, and included subwatershedwide indicators, riparian-system indicators, San Pedro River indicators, and springs indicators.
\nGroundwater management actions including voluntary retirement of irrigation pumping in the subwatershed resulted in about a 5,100 acre-feet (acre-ft) reduction in net human use from 2002 to 2012. Subwatershed population increased more than 10,000 during the same period. Most of the reduction occurred during 2002–07 and included reductions in groundwater pumping and increases in managed recharge; net human use varied annually by a few hundred acre-ft during 2007–12. The groundwater budget for 2012 showed a deficit of about 5,000 acre-ft, although the total water-budget uncertainty was about 5,500 acre-ft.
\nIn the vicinity of the U.S. Army’s Fort Huachuca, regional-aquifer water levels were in steady decline beginning in at least the mid-1990s (in older wells since at least the early-1970s), as the cone of depression centered on the Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca pumping centers continued to deepen. This was evident in the individual water levels on Fort Huachuca, as well as from the horizontal hydraulic gradients that extend from the pumping centers toward the San Pedro and Babocomari Rivers. Basin water levels in wells southeast of Sierra Vista, away from the river, were also experiencing declines, while some water levels closer to the river were rising.
\nNear-stream vertical gradients along the San Pedro River showed no clear increasing or decreasing trends that would indicate a shift in the direction of subsurface flow between the riverbed and the alluvial aquifer, or a trend in the magnitude of groundwater/surface-water exchange. Annual streamflow permanence data showed no clear change in streamflow permanence trends in any of the river reaches, other than those related to precipitation trends. Similarly, the single-day, dry-season, wet-dry streamflow analysis of all subwatershed river reaches indicated no change in condition over the past 14 years, with the exception of the Hereford reach, which has seen a statistically significant increase in wetted length. Dry-season, alluvial-aquifer water levels in the Hereford reach also showed a statistically significant increase. These improvements are attributed to the end of irrigation pumping in the area. Although data indicate that the length of the Fairbank North wetted reach may be in decline, it is not yet statistically significant.
\nStable-isotope data indicated reduced groundwater discharge to the Babocomari River in the vicinity of the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station and to the San Pedro River near the San Pedro River at Palominas gaging station and near the Lewis Springs DCP stage recorder. The Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station is downgradient of the major pumping centers. The change in isotopic signature at the Lewis Springs stage recorder could have been the result of alterations in groundwater/surface-water interactions there caused by beaver damming of the river. Base flow in the San Pedro River declined over the periods of record at the three San Pedro River gaging stations in the subwatershed (Palominas, Charleston, and Tombstone), as well as at the Babocomari River near Tombstone gaging station. Precipitation declined slightly from the 1990s to the 2000s, although there is no statistically significant trend in subwatershed precipitation from 1991 to 2012. The occurrence of large winter discharge events appeared to decline and that of large summer discharge events appeared to increase over this same period.
\nData for physical parameters, general chemistry, nutrient species, select trace elements, and suspended sediment were collected at San Pedro River at Charleston stream-gaging station. These data were summarized over time and analyzed in relation to discharge and season as a means to assess trends over the period of analysis. Federal and State of Arizona drinking-water and human-contact standards were all met and few exceedances occurred for the ecological thresholds investigated. Several constituents showed a significant trend over the period of analysis, but only concentration and flux data for total phosphate, orthophosphate, total nitrogen, suspended sediment, and sulfate were suitable to be used in a weighted regression analysis that statistically accounted for time, discharge, and season. Sulfate concentrations and flux showed a significant downward trend over the period of analysis, whereas total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate showed a relatively small magnitude upward trend relative to standards. Suspended sediment concentrations and flux both showed a significant downward trend in the 1980s, an effect attributed to reduction of cattle in the subwatershed at about this time, and (or) increased cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix goodingii) recruitment, and (or) the curtailment of sand and gravel mining adjacent to the San Pedro River with the designation of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area in 1988. A spike in sediment flux in 2006 may be attributable to the more than 100 debris flows in the Huachuca Mountains during the summer monsoon of that year.
\nSpring discharge along the San Pedro River generally increased at three sites proximate to the Sierra Vista treated effluent recharge facility and varied somewhat with climate at two other sites. Median annual discharge at the recharge facility peaked in 2006, and at Murray Springs and Horsethief Spring, downgradient of the recharge facility, in 2009. Sampling for trace organic compounds in flow from springs was carried out using both discrete sampling and passive sampling methods. Spring samples thus collected showed the presence of trace-organic compounds. Lewis Springs (background site) had the least number of detections, whereas Murray Springs, located directly downgradient of the City of Sierra Vista’s treated effluent recharge facility, had the greatest number of detections of all the springs. Discrete samples from the recharge facility had more than twice the detections found in discrete samples from Murray Spring and at much higher concentrations. Few similar trace-organic compounds were detected at both the springs and the treated effluent recharge facility, and the number of detections did not increase during the collection period. Limitations of the study prevented the determination of trace-organic concentration in passive samplers and also prevented linking trace organic compounds detected at the treated effluent recharge facility with compounds detected from the springs. In particular, trace organic compounds could also derive from other sources such as septic systems.
\nLooking at the subwatershed as a whole, base flow was in decline along the entire river reach, but determination of the specific cause of the decline was beyond the scope of this report. Conditions in the area from the municipal pumping center of Sierra Vista and Fort Huachuca northeast to the river (from about the Charleston to Tombstone gaging stations) were more commonly in decline than in regions further south. Both long-term indicators, such as regional aquifer groundwater levels and horizontal gradients, and the isotope analysis indicated that groundwater discharge to the river and thus base flow may continue to decline in that area. South of Charleston, indicators were more mixed. Some indicators in the Hereford reach suggest groundwater discharge to the San Pedro River may be increasing there, whereas some indicators in the Palominas reach suggest groundwater discharge to the river there may be declining.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165114","usgsCitation":"Gungle, Bruce, Callegary, J.B., Paretti, N.V., Kennedy, J.R., Eastoe, C.J., Turner, D.S., Dickinson, J.E., Levick, L.R., and Sugg, Z.P., 2016, Hydrological conditions and evaluation of sustainable groundwater use in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, southeastern Arizona (ver. 1.3, April 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5114, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165114.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 90 p.; 1 Table; Appendixes: Tables A1-A4","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077429","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335906,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_table_4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"24 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Table 4 spreadsheet"},{"id":326183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_v1.3.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Report PDF"},{"id":329328,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/versionHist_.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Version History"},{"id":326185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5114/sir20165114_appendix-tablesA1-4.xlsx","text":"Appendix Tables A1-A4","size":"33 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5114 Appendix Tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.8\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 31.335\n ],\n [\n -110.59,\n 31.335\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted August 18, 2016; Version 1.1: October 2016; Version 1.2: February 21, 2017; Version 1.3: April 15, 2019","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath bathymetry data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow subsurface geology.
The Offshore of Monterey map area in central California is located on the Pacific Coast, about 120 km south of San Francisco. Incorporated cities in the map area include Seaside, Monterey, Marina, Pacific Grove, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Sand City. The local economy receives significant resources from tourism, as well as from the Federal Government. Tourist attractions include the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fisherman’s Wharf, and the many golf courses near Pebble Beach, and the area serves as a gateway to the spectacular scenery and outdoor activities along the Big Sur coast to the south. Federal facilities include the Army’s Defense Language Institute, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (operated by the Navy). In 1994, Fort Ord army base, located between Seaside and Marina, was closed; much of former army base land now makes up the Fort Ord National Monument, managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management as part of the National Landscape Conservation System. In addition, part of the old Fort Ord is now occupied by California State University, Monterey Bay.
The offshore part of the map area lies entirely within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, one of the nation’s largest marine sanctuaries. State beaches and parks within the map area include Fort Ord Dunes State Park and the Marina, Monterey, and Asilomar State Beaches, as well as Carmel River State Beach, which includes the Carmel River Lagoon and Wetland Natural Preserve. The map area also includes all or part of several State Marine Protected Areas, including the Carmel Pinnacles, Asilomar, and Lovers Point–Julia Platt State Marine Reserves, as well as the Carmel Bay, Pacific Grove Marine Gardens, Edward F. Ricketts, and Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Areas.
The coastal zone in the map area is characterized by two distinct physiographies. From Marina to Monterey, sandy beaches are backed by a belt of sand dunes, as much as 30 to 40 m high and as wide as 8 km. The Salinas River supplies the sand for the beaches and dunes. Nearshore sediment transport is primarily to the south, in the southern Monterey littoral cell.
Along the Monterey peninsula, which lies at the north end of the rugged Santa Lucia Range, coastal relief is very different. The peninsula is characterized largely by low marine terraces that formed mostly on hard and relatively stable granitic bedrock. Carmel Beach in Carmel-by-the-Sea is the longest continuous beach in this area; bedrock points and small pocket beaches characterize most of the rest of the peninsula. The Carmel River littoral cell extends along the coast from Point Pinos to Point Lobos (just south of the map area), including Carmel Beach; sediment transport is primarily to the south.
The granitic rocks that crop out so prominently along the Monterey peninsula make up part of the Salinian block, a crustal terrane that in this area lies west of the San Andreas Fault and east of the San Gregorio Fault. The strike-slip San Andreas Fault Zone, which lies just 26 km east of the map area, is the most important structure within the Pacific–North American transform plate boundary. The San Gregorio Fault, a secondary fault within the distributed plate boundary, cuts through (and is roughly aligned with) Carmel Canyon, a submarine canyon in the southwest corner of the map area that is part of the Monterey Canyon system. The San Gregorio Fault Zone is part of a fault system that is present predominantly in the offshore for about 400 km, from Point Conception in the south (where it is known as the Hosgri Fault) to Bolinas and Point Reyes in the north.
The offshore part of the map area primarily consists of relatively flat continental shelf, bounded on the west by the steep flanks of Carmel Canyon. Shelf width varies from 2 to 3 km in the southern part of the map area, near the mouth of Carmel Canyon, to 14 km in Monterey Bay. Bedrock beneath the shelf is overlain in many areas by variable amounts (0 to 16 m) of upper Quaternary shelf and nearshore sediments deposited as sea level fluctuated in the late Pleistocene. “Soft-induration,” unconsolidated sediment is the dominant (about 63 percent) habitat type on the continental shelf, followed by “hard-induration” rock and boulders (about 34 percent) and “mixed-induration” substrate (about 3 percent). At water depths of about 100 to 130 m, the shelf break approximates the shoreline during the sea-level lowstand of the Last Glacial Maximum, about 21,000 years ago.
Carmel Canyon and other parts of the Monterey Canyon system in the map area extend from the shelf break to water depths that reach 1,600 m. Most of the extensive incision of the shelf break and canyon flanks probably occurred during repeated Quaternary sea-level lowstands. The relatively straight floor of Carmel Canyon notably is aligned with the San Gregorio Fault Zone. Mixed hard-soft substrate is the most common (about 51 percent) habitat type in Carmel Canyon; hard bedrock and soft, unconsolidated sediment cover about 40 percent and 9 percent of canyon habitat, respectively.
This part of the central California coast is exposed to large North Pacific swells from the northwest throughout the year. Wave heights range from 2 to 10 m, the larger swells occurring from October to May. During El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, winter storms track farther south than they do in normal (non-ENSO) years, thereby impacting the map area more frequently and with waves of larger heights.
Benthic species observed in the map area are natives of the cold-temperate biogeographic zone that is called either the “Oregonian province” or the “northern California ecoregion.” This biogeographic province is maintained by the long-term stability of the southward-flowing California Current, the eastern limb of the North Pacific subtropical gyre that flows from southern British Columbia to Baja California.
Biological productivity resulting from coastal upwelling supports populations of Sooty Shearwater, Western Gull, Common Murre, Cassin’s Auklet, and many other less populous bird species. An observable recovery of Humpback and Blue Whales has occurred in the area; both species are dependent on coastal upwelling to provide nutrients. The large extent of exposed inner shelf bedrock supports large forests of “bull kelp,” which is well adapted for high-wave-energy environments. The kelp beds are well-known habitat for the population of southern sea otters. Common fish species found in the kelp beds and rocky reefs include lingcod and various species of rockfish and greenling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161110","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Dartnell, P., Hartwell, S.R., Cochrane, G.R., Golden, N.E., Watt, J.T., Davenport, C.W., Kvitek, R.G., Erdey, M.D., Krigsman, L.M., Sliter, R.W., and Maier, K.L. (S.Y. Johnson and S.A. Cochran, eds.), 2016, California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Monterey, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1110, pamphlet 44 p., 10 sheets, scale 1:24,000, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161110.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 44 p. 10 Sheets: 66.00 x 36.00 or smaller; Dataset; Metadata","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-072255","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438573,"rank":23,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog--Offshore of Monterey, California"},{"id":326510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161024","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1024","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Santa Cruz, California, by Guy R. 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Cochrane and others."},{"id":326512,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20161072","text":"Open-File Report 2016–1072","linkHelpText":"California State Waters Map Series—Monterey Canyon and Vicinity, California, by Peter Dartnell and others."},{"id":399110,"rank":22,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_104532.htm"},{"id":326526,"rank":21,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet10.pdf","text":"Sheet 10","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 10 PDF","linkHelpText":"Offshore and Onshore Geology and Geomorphology, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Stephen R. Hartwell, Samuel Y. Johnson, Clifton W. Davenport, and Janet T. Watt"},{"id":326522,"rank":17,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet6.pdf","text":"Sheet 6","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 6 PDF","linkHelpText":"Ground-Truth Studies, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Nadine E. Golden, Guy R. Cochrane, and Lisa M. Krigsman"},{"id":326520,"rank":15,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet4.pdf","text":"Sheet 4","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 4 PDF","linkHelpText":"Data Integration and Visualization, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell"},{"id":326519,"rank":14,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet3.pdf","text":"Sheet 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 3 PDF","linkHelpText":"Acoustic Backscatter, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. Kvitek"},{"id":326518,"rank":13,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 2 PDF","linkHelpText":"Shaded-Relief Bathymetry, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Peter Dartnell and Rikk G. 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Maier"},{"id":326523,"rank":18,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet7.pdf","text":"Sheet 7","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 7 PDF","linkHelpText":"Marine Benthic Habitats from the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Guy R. Cochrane, Stephen R. Hartwell, and Samuel Y. Johnson"},{"id":326521,"rank":16,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_sheet5.pdf","text":"Sheet 5","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1110 Sheet 5 PDF","linkHelpText":"Seafloor Character, Offshore of Monterey Map Area, California By Mercedes D. Erdey and Guy R. 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Cochrane and others."},{"id":326514,"rank":9,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/ofr20161110_metadata.html"},{"id":326516,"rank":11,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326513,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70Z71C8","text":"Data Catalog","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"The GIS data layers for this map are accessible from “California State Waters Map Series—Offshore of Monterey, California” which is part of California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog. Each GIS data file is listed with a brief description, a small image, and links to the metadata files and the downloadable data files."}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Monterey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.69\n ],\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.5319\n ],\n [\n -121.7853,\n 36.5319\n ],\n [\n -121.7853,\n 36.69\n ],\n [\n -122.0628,\n 36.69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
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U.S. Geological Survey
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global navigation satellite system survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T13:49:05","indexId":"sir20165109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-08-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5109","title":"Network global navigation satellite system survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin","docAbstract":"
Continuously recording water-level streamgages in Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir are used to regulate water levels according to rule curves established in 2000 by the International Joint Commission; however, water levels at streamgages were referenced to a variety of vertical datums, confounding efforts to model the flow of water through the system, regulate water levels during periods of high inflow, and evaluate the effectiveness of the rule curves. In October 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada, International Joint Commission, and National Park Service began a joint field study with the goal of obtaining precise elevations referenced to a uniform vertical datum for all reference marks used to set water levels at streamgages throughout Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir. This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, International Joint Commission, and National Park Service.
Three field crews deployed Global Navigation Satellite System receivers statically over 16 reference marks colocated with active and discontinued water-level streamgages throughout Rainy River, Rainy Lake, Namakan Reservoir, and select tributaries of Rainy Lake and Namakan Reservoir. A Global Navigation Satellite System receiver also was deployed statically over a National Geodetic Survey cooperative base network control station for use as a quality-control reference mark. Satellite data were collected simultaneously during a 5-day period and processed independently by the U.S. Geological Survey and Natural Resources Canada to obtain accurate positioning and elevations for the 17 surveyed reference marks. Processed satellite data were used to convert published water levels to elevations above sea level referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013 in order to compare water-surface elevations referenced to a uniform vertical datum throughout the study area. In this report, an “offset” refers to the correction applied to published data from a particular streamgage to produce elevation data referenced to a specified vertical datum.
Offsets were applied to water-level data from surveyed streamgages to further evaluate the accuracy and utility of updated reference mark elevations presented in this report. Daily mean water levels from active streamgages surveyed in this study were converted to water-surface elevations referenced to the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013. Graphical comparisons of water-surface elevations for streamgages in Namakan Reservoir, Rainy Lake, and selected rivers are presented (referencing the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum of 2013). Offsets presented in this report can be used in the evaluation of rule curves and in flood damage curves that fully assess the benefits of one regulation approach over another. In addition, offsets may be used to calibrate hydraulic models developed for four narrows that connect lakes of Namakan Reservoir, refine digital elevation models, and support modeling studies designed to assess the effects of rule curves on aquatic vegetation, benthic invertebrates, northern pike, and walleye.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Natural Resources Canada, the International Joint Commission, and the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Ziegeweid, J.R., Silliker, R.J., Densmore, B.K., and Krahulik, Justin, 2016, Network Global Navigation Satellite System survey to harmonize water-surface elevation data for the Rainy River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5109, 20 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165109.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075640","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326427,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix2","text":"Appendix 2","size":"154 MB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 2"},{"id":326426,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"269 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 1"},{"id":326425,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109"},{"id":326424,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":326428,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5109/sir20165109_appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"22 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5109 Appendix 3"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Minnesota, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Rainy River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.90444878143716\n ],\n [\n -92.20001220703125,\n 48.90444878143716\n ],\n [\n -92.20001220703125,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -93.63372802734375,\n 48.17158081783164\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 49.0306652257167\n ],\n [\n -93.89190673828125,\n 49.0306652257167\n ],\n [\n -93.89190673828125,\n 48.40732607972984\n ],\n [\n -94.82025146484375,\n 48.40732607972984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
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Statistical models were developed to estimate natural streamflow under low-flow conditions for streams with existing streamflow data at measurement sites on the Islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. Streamflow statistics used to describe the low-flow characteristics are flow-duration discharges that are equaled or exceeded between 50 and 95 percent of the time during the 30-year base period 1984–2013. Record-augmentation techniques were applied to develop statistical models relating concurrent streamflow data at the measurement sites and long-term data from nearby continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations that were in operation during the base period and were selected as index stations. Existing data and subsequent low-flow analyses of the available data help to identify streams in under-represented geographic areas and hydrogeologic settings where additional data collection is suggested.
Low-flow duration discharges were estimated for 107 measurement sites (including long-term and short-term continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, and partial-record stations) and 27 index stations. The adequacy of statistical models was evaluated with correlation coefficients and modified Nash-Sutcliff coefficients of efficiency, and a majority of the low-flow duration-discharge estimates are satisfactory based on these regression statistics.
Molokaʻi and Hawaiʻi have the fewest number of measurement sites (that are not located on ephemeral stream reaches) at which flow-duration discharges were estimated, which can be partially explained by the limited number of index stations available on these islands that could be used for record augmentation. At measurement sites on some tributary streams, low-flow duration discharges could not be estimated because no adequate correlations could be developed with the index stations. These measurement sites are located on streams where duration-discharge estimates are available at long-term stations at other locations on the main stream channel to provide at least some definition of low-flow characteristics on that stream. In terms of general natural streamflow data availability, data are scarce in the leeward areas for all five islands as many leeward streams are dry or have minimal flow. Other under-represented areas include central Oʻahu, central Maui, and southeastern Maui.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaiʻi Commission on Water Resource Management, State of Hawaiʻi Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, and Office of Hawaiian Affairs","usgsCitation":"Cheng, C.L., 2016, Low-flow characteristics for streams on the Islands of Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi, State of Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5103, 36 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165103.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; Appendixes 1-2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065440","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science 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U.S. Geological Survey
Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., B176
Honolulu, HI 96818
http://hi.water.usgs.gov/
In 2014 and 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampled water wells in the Los Angeles Basin and southern San Joaquin Valley, California, and oil wells in the San Joaquin Valley for analysis of multiple chemical, isotopic, and groundwater-age tracers. The purpose of this reconnaissance sampling was to evaluate the utility of tracers for assessing the effects of oil and gas production activities on groundwater quality in California. The study was done in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. Results of the study are intended to help design a regional groundwater-monitoring program to be implemented as part of California Senate Bill 4 (SB 4 statutes of 2013). The regional monitoring program plans to assess the effects of oil and gas production activities on groundwater quality and to provide a regional context for local monitoring of the groundwater-quality effects from well-stimulation treatments, which are techniques used to improve oil and gas production by increasing their rate of flow to the well. California SB 4 mandates that this local monitoring is to be done by oil-well operators in accordance with monitoring criteria established by the State Water Board.
\nThis report evaluates the utility of the chemical, isotopic, and groundwater-age tracers for assessing sources of salinity, methane, and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater overlying or near several California oil fields. Tracers of dissolved organic carbon in
oil-field-formation water are also discussed. Tracer data for samples collected from 51 water wells and 4 oil wells are examined.
Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
http://ca.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, conducts baseline and storm-response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms. On September 18–19, 2015, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey from Navarre Beach, Florida, to Breton Island, Louisiana, aboard a Maule MT57 (aircraft) at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore. This mission was conducted to collect baseline data for assessing incremental changes in the beach and nearshore area since the last survey, flown in September 2014. The data can be used in the assessment of future coastal change.
\nThe photographs provided in this report are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photograph: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft at the time the photograph was taken and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the state of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in 5-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photographs and Maps page. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
\nIn addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then the thumbnail or the link below the thumbnail. The KML file was created using the photographic navigation files. This KML file can be found in the kml folder.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1008","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K.L.M., 2016, Baseline coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from Navarre Beach, Florida, to Breton Island, Louisiana, September 18–19, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1008, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1008.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076049","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325613,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1008/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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U.S. Geological Survey
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
The Diamond Valley flow system consists of six hydraulically connected hydrographic areas in central Nevada. The general down-gradient order of the areas are southern and northern Monitor Valleys, Antelope Valley, Kobeh Valley, Stevens Basin, and Diamond Valley. Groundwater flow in the Diamond Valley flow system terminates at a large playa in the northern part of Diamond Valley. Concerns relating to continued water-resources development of the flow system resulted in a phased hydrologic investigation that began in 2005 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with Eureka County. This report presents the culmination of the phased investigation to increase understanding of the groundwater resources of the basin-fill aquifers in the Diamond Valley flow system through evaluations of groundwater chemistry and budgets. Groundwater chemistry was characterized using major ions and stable isotopes from groundwater and precipitation samples. Groundwater budgets accounted for all inflows, outflows, and changes in storage, and were developed for pre-development (pre-1950) and recent (average annual 2011–12) conditions. Major budget components include groundwater discharge by evapotranspiration and groundwater withdrawals; groundwater recharge by precipitation, and interbasin flow; and storage change.
\nGroundwater in the basin-fill aquifer of the Diamond Valley flow system was mostly a calcium or sodium bicarbonate water type and generally within acceptable drinking-water standards. The general water type was similar among the individual hydrographic areas. Stable isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium from precipitation varied seasonally, such that enrichment from evaporation was greater during warmer months than cooler months. The isotopic signature of shallow groundwater was similar to cool season precipitation, indicating recharge was relatively recent (similar to recent climatic conditions) and was derived from cool season precipitation.
\nSite-scale groundwater evapotranspiration was estimated from eddy-covariance and micrometeorological measurements collected at four sites and ranged from 0.15 feet per year in sparse, undisturbed shrubland to 1.13 feet per year in a grassland meadow. Vegetation indices calculated from satellite imagery and field mapping were used to define three evapotranspiration units (shrubland, grassland, and playa) and to extrapolate site-scale groundwater evapotranspiration rates to basin-scale estimates. Annual pre-development groundwater evapotranspiration for individual hydrographic areas ranged from 2,900 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) in northern Monitor Valley to 35,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley. Total groundwater evapotranspiration from the Diamond Valley flow system under pre-development conditions was about 70,000 acre-ft/yr.
\nAreas of irrigated land in the Diamond Valley flow system increased from less than 5,000 acres in the early 1960s to more than 25,000 acres in 2012 and are mostly for growing alfalfa in southern Diamond Valley. Annual (2011–12) net groundwater withdrawals for irrigation, assumed to be the volume of groundwater consumed by crops and pastureland, ranged from about 420 acre-ft/yr in Antelope Valley to 67,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley. Total net groundwater withdrawals for irrigation in the Diamond Valley flow system were about 69,000 acre-ft/yr (2011–12).
\nGroundwater recharge, the largest inflow component to the Diamond Valley flow system, was determined as the sum of groundwater evapotranspiration and net subsurface outflow (subsurface outflow minus subsurface inflow). Annual groundwater recharge estimates ranged from 200 acre-ft/yr in Stevens Basin to 35,000 acre-ft/yr in Diamond Valley.
\nSubsurface flow between hydrographic basins was evaluated using estimated transmissivity, groundwater-flow sections derived from remotely sensed imagery, and hydraulic gradients determined from 2012 water-level data. Subsurface outflow ranged from 0 acre-ft/yr for Diamond Valley to 3,400 acre-ft/yr for northern Monitor Valley into western Kobeh Valley. Subsurface inflow ranged from 0 acre-ft/yr for southern Monitor Valley to 4,200 acre-ft/yr for Kobeh Valley from northern Monitor and Antelope Valleys.
\nThe pre-development, steady state, groundwater budget for the Diamond Valley flow system was estimated at about 70,000 acre-ft/yr of inflow and outflow. During years 2011–12, inflow components of groundwater recharge from precipitation and subsurface inflow from adjacent basins totaled 70,000 acre-ft/yr for the DVFS, whereas outflow components included 64,000 acre-ft/yr of groundwater evapotranspiration and 69,000 acre-ft/yr of net groundwater withdrawals, or net pumpage. Spring discharge in northern Diamond Valley declined about 6,000 acre-ft/yr between pre-development time and years 2011–12. Assuming net groundwater withdrawals minus spring flow decline is equivalent to the storage change, the 2011–12 summation of inflow and storage change was balanced with outflow at about 133,000 acre-ft/yr.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165055","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Eureka County, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Berger, D.L., Mayers, C.J., Garcia, C.A., Buto, S.G., and Huntington, J.M., 2016, Budgets and chemical characterization of groundwater for the Diamond Valley flow system, central Nevada, 2011–12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5055, 83 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165055.","productDescription":"Report: x, 84 p.; Plate: 22 x 33 inches; 5 Datasets","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042275","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325830,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7JM27QV","text":"Irrigated Agricultural Lands and Associated Land Disturbance in the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2011"},{"id":325831,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F75B00K7","text":"Groundwater Discharge Area for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada"},{"id":325832,"rank":8,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7930R9K","text":"Summer Mean Enhanced Vegetation Index for the Diamond Valley Flow System Groundwater Discharge Area, 2010"},{"id":325833,"rank":9,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7DV1H0J","text":"Evapotranspiration Units for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2010"},{"id":325829,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71J97VZ","text":"Water-Level Altitude Contours for the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada, 2012"},{"id":325825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325826,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Report PDF"},{"id":325827,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055_high-res.pdf","text":"Report - Print Resolution","size":"47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Report Print PDF"},{"id":325828,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5055/sir20165055_plate.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5055 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Groundwater Levels in Basin-Fill Deposits, Groundwater-Discharge Areas, and Agricultural Areas of the Diamond Valley Flow System, Central Nevada"},{"id":366584,"rank":10,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":" https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NZ9XSP","text":"Evapotranspiration data, Kobeh Valley, Nevada, 2010–12"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Elko County, Eureka County, Lander County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Diamond Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.33333,\n 38.33333\n ],\n [\n -117.33333,\n 40.33333\n ],\n [\n -115.33333,\n 40.33333\n ],\n [\n -115.33333,\n 38.33333\n ],\n [\n -117.33333,\n 38.33333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Rd.
Carson City, NV 89701
http://nevada.usgs.gov/water/
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-07-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579c7020e4b0589fa1c98a08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayers, C. Justin cjmayers@usgs.gov","contributorId":2306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayers","given":"C. Justin","email":"cjmayers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garcia, C. Amanda 0000-0003-3776-3565 cgarcia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-3565","contributorId":1899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"C.","email":"cgarcia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Amanda","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huntington, Jena M. 0000-0002-9291-1404 jmhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9291-1404","contributorId":2294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Jena","email":"jmhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70174976,"text":"ofr20161114 - 2016 - Catalog of microscopic organisms of the Everglades, Part 1—The cyanobacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T09:51:21","indexId":"ofr20161114","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-27T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1114","title":"Catalog of microscopic organisms of the Everglades, Part 1—The cyanobacteria","docAbstract":"
The microscopic organisms of the Everglades include numerous prokaryotic organisms, including the eubacteria, such as the cyanobacteria and non-photosynthetic bacteria, as well as several eukaryotic algae and protozoa that form the base of the food web. This report is part 1 in a series of reports that describe microscopic organisms encountered during the examination of several hundred samples collected in the southern Everglades. Part 1 describes the cyanobacteria and includes a suite of images and the most current taxonomic treatment of each taxon. The majority of the images are of live organisms, allowing their true color to be represented. A number of potential new species are illustrated; however, corroborating evidence from a genetic analysis of the morphological characteristics is needed to confirm these designations as new species. Part 1 also includes images of eubacteria that resemble cyanobacteria. Additional parts of the report on microscopic organisms of the Everglades are currently underway, such as the green algae and diatoms. The report also serves as the basis for a taxonomic image database that will provide a digital record of the Everglades microscopic flora and fauna. It is anticipated that these images will facilitate current and future ecological studies on the Everglades, such as understanding food-web dynamics, sediment formation and accumulation, the effects of nutrients and flow, and climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161114","usgsCitation":"Rosen, B.H., and Mareš, Jan, Catalog of microscopic organisms of the Everglades, Part 1—The cyanobacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1114, 108 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161114.","productDescription":"Report: x,108 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"108","numberOfPages":"122","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073349","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325624,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1114/ofr20161114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1114"},{"id":325610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1114/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.12539261151203\n ],\n [\n -80.958251953125,\n 25.085598897064777\n ],\n [\n -81.2164306640625,\n 25.199970890386023\n ],\n [\n -81.2274169921875,\n 25.44823489808649\n ],\n [\n -81.375732421875,\n 25.681137335685307\n ],\n [\n -81.7987060546875,\n 25.913585416189797\n ],\n [\n -81.8316650390625,\n 26.091321632191132\n ],\n [\n -81.551513671875,\n 26.254009699865737\n ],\n [\n -81.1614990234375,\n 26.298339726417737\n ],\n [\n -81.0296630859375,\n 26.401710528707707\n ],\n [\n -80.9417724609375,\n 26.519735305660795\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 26.45090222367262\n ],\n [\n -80.5023193359375,\n 26.59343927024179\n ],\n [\n -80.4473876953125,\n 26.672004547729433\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 26.848578525873275\n ],\n [\n -80.5902099609375,\n 27.103143960595734\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 27.108033801463115\n ],\n [\n -80.22766113281249,\n 27.103143960595734\n ],\n [\n -80.0518798828125,\n 27.024877476307523\n ],\n [\n -79.9639892578125,\n 26.632728662035912\n ],\n [\n -79.9749755859375,\n 26.170229047478472\n ],\n [\n -80.09033203125,\n 25.750424835909385\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 25.329131707091477\n ],\n [\n -80.68359375,\n 25.12539261151203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st Street
Gainesville, FL 32653
https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center-warc
During the extended history of mining in the upper Clark Fork Basin in Montana, large amounts of waste materials enriched with metallic contaminants (cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc) and the metalloid trace element arsenic were generated from mining operations near Butte and milling and smelting operations near Anaconda. Extensive deposition of mining wastes in the Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork channels and flood plains had substantial effects on water quality. Federal Superfund remediation activities in the upper Clark Fork Basin began in 1983 and have included substantial remediation near Butte and removal of the former Milltown Dam near Missoula. To aid in evaluating the effects of remediation activities on water quality, the U.S. Geological Survey began collecting streamflow and water-quality data in the upper Clark Fork Basin in the 1980s.
Trend analysis was done on specific conductance, selected trace elements (arsenic, copper, and zinc), and suspended sediment for seven sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site for water years 1996–2015. The most upstream site included in trend analysis is Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs, Montana (sampling site 8), and the most downstream site is Clark Fork above Missoula, Montana (sampling site 22), which is just downstream from the former Milltown Dam. Water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends. Trend analysis was done by using a joint time-series model for concentration and streamflow. To provide temporal resolution of changes in water quality, trend analysis was conducted for four sequential 5-year periods: period 1 (water years 1996–2000), period 2 (water years 2001–5), period 3 (water years 2006–10), and period 4 (water years 2011–15). Because of the substantial effect of the intentional breach of Milltown Dam on March 28, 2008, period 3 was subdivided into period 3A (October 1, 2005–March 27, 2008) and period 3B (March 28, 2008–September 30, 2010) for the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22). Trend results were considered statistically significant when the statistical probability level was less than 0.01.
In conjunction with the trend analysis, estimated normalized constituent loads (hereinafter referred to as “loads”) were calculated and presented within the framework of a constituent-transport analysis to assess the temporal trends in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) in the context of sources and transport. The transport analysis allows assessment of temporal changes in relative contributions from upstream source areas to loads transported past each reach outflow.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper decreased at the sampling sites from the start of period 1 through the end of period 4; the decreases ranged from large for one sampling site (Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs [sampling site 8]) to moderate for two sampling sites (Clark Fork near Galen, Montana [sampling site 11] and Clark Fork above Missoula [sampling site 22]) to small for four sampling sites (Clark Fork at Deer Lodge, Montana [sampling site 14], Clark Fork at Goldcreek, Montana [sampling site 16], Clark Fork near Drummond, Montana [sampling site 18], and Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner, Montana [sampling site 20]). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling sites 8 and 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from minor (sampling sites 8–20) to small (sampling site 22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the most notable changes indicated for the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site were statistically significant decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for sampling site 8 and near statistically significant decreases for sampling site 22. The period 4 changes in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic for all other sampling sites were not statistically significant.
Trend results indicate that FACs of suspended sediment decreased at the sampling sites from period 1 through period 4 (water years 1996–2015); the decreases ranged from moderate (sampling site 8) to small (sampling sites 11–22). For period 4 (water years 2011–15), the changes in FACs of suspended sediment were not statistically significant for any sampling sites.
The reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge is a large source of metallic contaminants and suspended sediment, which strongly affects downstream transport of those constituents. Mobilization of copper and suspended sediment from flood-plain tailings and the streambed of the Clark Fork and its tributaries within the reach results in a contribution of those constituents that is proportionally much larger than the contribution of streamflow from within the reach. Within the reach from Galen to Deer Lodge, unfiltered-recoverable copper loads increased by a factor of about 4 and suspended-sediment loads increased by a factor of about 5, whereas streamflow increased by a factor of slightly less than 2. For period 4 (water years 2011–15), unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended-sediment loads sourced from within the reach accounted for about 41 and 14 percent, respectively, of the loads at Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22), whereas streamflow sourced from within the reach accounted for about 4 percent of the streamflow at sampling site 22. During water years 1996–2015, decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment for the reach generally were proportionally smaller than for most other reaches.
Unfiltered-recoverable copper loads sourced within the reaches of the Clark Fork between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner (just upstream from the former Milltown Dam) were proportionally smaller than contributions of streamflow sourced from within the reaches; these reaches contributed proportionally much less to copper loading in the Clark Fork than the reach between Galen and Deer Lodge. Although substantial decreases in FACs and loads of unfiltered-recoverable copper and suspended sediment were indicated for Silver Bow Creek at Warm Springs (sampling site 8), those substantial decreases were not translated to downstream reaches between Deer Lodge and Turah Bridge near Bonner. The effect of the reach of the Clark Fork from Galen to Deer Lodge as a large source of copper and suspended sediment, in combination with little temporal change in those constituents for the reach, contributes to this pattern.
With the removal of the former Milltown Dam in 2008, substantial amounts of contaminated sediments that remained in the Clark Fork channel and flood plain in reach 9 (downstream from Turah Bridge near Bonner) became more available for mobilization and transport than before the dam removal. After the removal of the former Milltown Dam, the Clark Fork above Missoula (sampling site 22) had statistically significant decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper in period 3B (March 28, 2008, through water year 2010) that continued in period 4 (water years 2011–15). Also, decreases in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable arsenic and suspended sediment were indicated for period 4 at this site. The decrease in FACs of unfiltered-recoverable copper for sampling site 22 during period 4 was proportionally much larger than the decrease for the Clark Fork at Turah Bridge near Bonner (sampling site 20). Net mobilization of unfiltered-recoverable copper and arsenic from sources within reach 9 are smaller for period 4 than for period 1 when the former Milltown Dam was in place, providing evidence that contaminant source materials have been substantially reduced in reach 9.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Vecchia, A.V., 2016, Water-quality trends and constituent-transport analysis for selected sampling sites in the Milltown Reservoir/Clark Fork River Superfund Site in the upper Clark Fork Basin, Montana, water years 1996–2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5100, 82 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165100.","productDescription":"viii, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1996-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-074218","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325352,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5100/sir20165100.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5100"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Upper Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -112.225341796875,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -114.027099609375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Ave
Helena, MT 59601
The Equus Beds aquifer in south-central Kansas is aprimary water source for the city of Wichita. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) project was developed to help the city of Wichita meet increasing current (2016) and future water demands. The Equus Beds ASR project pumps water out of the Little Arkansas River during above-base flow conditions, treats it using drinking-water quality standards as a guideline, and recharges it into the Equus Beds aquifer for later use. Phase II of the Equus Beds ASR project currently (2016) includes a river intake facility and a surface-water treatment facility with a 30 million gallon per day capacity. Water diverted from the Little Arkansas River is delivered to an adjacent presedimentation basin for solids removal. Subsequently, waste from the surface-water treatment facility and the presedimentation basin is returned to the Little Arkansas River through a residuals return line. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, developed and implemented a hydrobiological monitoring program as part of the ASR project to characterize and quantify the effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer water quality.
Data were collected from 2 surface-water sites (one upstream and one downstream from the residuals return line), 1 residuals return line site, and 2 groundwater well sites (each having a shallow and deep part): the Little Arkansas River upstream from the ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (upstream surface-water site 375350097262800), about 0.03 mile (mi) upstream from the residuals return line site; the Little Arkansas River near Sedgwick, Kans. (downstream surface-water site 07144100), about 1.68 mi downstream from the residuals return line site; discharge from the Little Arkansas River ASR facility near Sedgwick, Kansas (residuals return line site 375348097262800); 25S 01 W 07BCCC01 SMW–S11 near CW36 (MW–7 shallow groundwater well site 375327097285401); 25S01 W 07BCCC02 DMW–S10 near CW36 (MW–7 deep groundwater well site 375327097285402); 25S 01W 07BCCA01 SMW–S13 near CW36 (MW–8 shallow groundwater well site 375332097284801); and 25S 01W 07BCCA02 DMW–S14 near CW36 (MW–8 deep groundwater well site 375332097284802). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Wichita, assessed the effects of the ASR Phase II facility residuals return line discharges on stream quality of the Little Arkansas River by measuring continuous physicochemical properties and collecting discrete water-quality and sediment samples for about 2 years pre- (January 2011 through April 2013) and post-ASR (May 2013 through December 2014) Phase II facility operation upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility. Additionally, habitat variables were quantified and macroinvertebrate and fish communities were sampled upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility during the study period. To assess the effects of aquifer recharge on Equus Beds groundwater quality, continuous physicochemical properties were measured and discrete water-quality samples were collected before and during the onset of Phase II aquifer recharge in two (shallow and deep) groundwater wells.
Little Arkansas River streamflow was about 10 times larger after the facility began operating because of greater rainfall. Residuals return line release volumes were a very minimal proportion (0.06 percent) of downstream streamflow volume during the months the ASR facility was operating. Upstream and downstream continuously measured water temperature and dissolved oxygen median differences were smaller post-ASR than pre-ASR. Turbidity generally was smaller at the downstream site throughout the study period and decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging despite a median residuals return line turbidity that was about an order of magnitude larger than the median turbidity at the downstream site. Upstream and downstream continuously measured turbidity median differences were larger post-ASR than pre-ASR. Median post-ASR continuously measured nitrite plus nitrate and continuously computed total suspended solids and suspended-sediment concentrations were smaller than pre-ASR likely because of higher streamflows and dilution; whereas, median continuously computed dissolved and total organic carbon concentrations were larger likely because of higher streamflows and runoff conditions.
None of the discretely measured water-quality constituents (dissolved and suspended solids, primary ions, suspended sediment, nutrients, carbon, trace elements, viral and bacterial indicators, and pesticides) in surface water were significantly different between the upstream and downstream sites after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging; however, pre-ASR calcium, sodium, hardness, manganese, and arsenate concentrations were significantly larger at the upstream site, which indicates that some water-quality conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more similar post-ASR. Most of the primary constituents that make up dissolved solids decreased at both sites after the ASR Phase II facility began operation. Discretely collected total suspended solids concentrations were similar between the upstream and downstream sites before the facility began operating but were about 27 percent smaller at the downstream site after the facility began operating, despite the total suspended solids concentrations in the residuals return line being 15 times larger than the downstream site.
Overall habitat scores were indicative of suboptimal conditions upstream and downstream from the ASR Phase II facility throughout the study period. Substrate fouling and sediment deposition mean scores indicated marginal conditions at the upstream and downstream sites during the study period, demonstrating that sediment deposition was evident pre- and post-ASR and no substantial changes in these habitat characteristics were noted after the ASR Phase II facility began discharging. Macroinvertebrate community composition (evaluated using functional feeding, behavioral, and tolerance metrics) generally was similar between sites during the study period. Fewer macroinvertebrate metrics were significant between the upstream and downstream sites post-ASR (6) than pre-ASR (14), which suggests that macroinvertebate communities were more similar after the ASR facility began discharging. Upstream-downstream comparisons in macroinvertebrate aquatic-life-support metrics had no significant differences for the post-ASR time period and neither site was fully supporting for any of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic-life-support metrics (Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index; Kansas Biotic Index with tolerances for nutrients and oxygen-demanding substances; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera [EPT] richness; and percentage of EPT species). Overall, using macroinvertebrate aquatic life-support criteria from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, upstream and downstream sites were classified as partially supporting before and after the onset of ASR facility operations. Fish community trophic status and tolerance groups generally were similar among sites during the study period. Fish community Little Arkansas River Basin Index of Biotic Integrity scores at the upstream and downstream sites were indicative of fair-to-good conditions before the facility began operating and decreased to fair conditions after the facility began operating.
Groundwater physicochemical changes concurrent with the beginning of recharge operations at the Sedgwick basin were more pronounced in shallow groundwater. No constituent concentrations in the pre-recharge period in comparison to the post-recharge period increased to concentrations exceeding drinking water regulations; however, nitrate decreased significantly from a pre-recharge exceedance of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level to a post recharge nonexceedance. Shallow groundwater chemical concentrations or rates of detection increased after artificial recharge began for the ions potassium, chloride, and fluoride; phosphorus and organic carbon species; trace elements barium, manganese, nickel, arsenate, arsenic, and boron; agricultural pesticides atrazine, metolachlor, metribuzin, and simazine; organic disinfection byproducts bromodichloromethane and trichloromethane; and gross beta levels. Additionally, water temperature, and pH were larger after recharge began; and total solids and slime-forming bacteria concentrations and densities were smaller. Total solids, nitrate, and selenium significantly decreased; and potassium, chloride, nickel, arsenic, fluoride, phosphorus and carbon species, and gross beta levels significantly increased in shallow groundwater after artificial recharge. Results of biological activity reaction tests indicated that water quality microbiology was different before and after artificial recharge began; at times, these differences may lead to changes in dominant bacterial populations that, in turn, may lead to formation and expansion in populations that may cause bioplugging and other unwanted effects. Calcite, iron (II) hydroxide, hydroxyapatite, and similar minerals, had shifts in saturation indices that generally were from undersaturation toward equilibrium and, in some cases, toward oversaturation. These shifts toward neutral saturation indices might suggest reduced weathering of the minerals present in the Equus Beds aquifer. Chemical weathering in the shallow parts of the aquifer may be accelerated because of the increased water temperatures and the system is more vulnerable to clogged pores and mineral dissolution as the equilibrium state is affected by recharge and withdrawal. When oversaturation is indicated for iron minerals, plugging of aquifer materials may happen.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Stone, M.L., Garrett, J.D., Poulton, B.C., and Ziegler, A.C., 2016, Effects of aquifer storage and recovery activities on water quality in the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2011–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5024, 88 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165042.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 88 p.; Appendix Files","numberOfPages":"104","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068666","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024"},{"id":325361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325363,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5042/sir20165042_appendixtables.xlsx","text":"Appendix Files","size":"199 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016–5024 Appendix Files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ],\n [\n -97.57232666015625,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -97.57781982421875,\n 38.08160859009049\n ],\n [\n -97.55035400390625,\n 38.0545795282119\n ],\n [\n -97.525634765625,\n 38.019967758742766\n ],\n [\n -97.48580932617188,\n 38.01239425385966\n ],\n [\n -97.43499755859374,\n 37.94203148678865\n ],\n [\n -97.42813110351562,\n 37.90845010709064\n ],\n [\n -97.36221313476562,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.46520996093749,\n 37.814123701604466\n ],\n [\n -97.47894287109375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -97.50640869140625,\n 37.820632846207864\n ],\n [\n -97.52838134765624,\n 37.83473402375478\n ],\n [\n -97.57095336914062,\n 37.85859141570558\n ],\n [\n -97.61764526367188,\n 37.87702138607635\n ],\n [\n -97.67120361328125,\n 37.88677656291023\n ],\n [\n -97.70278930664062,\n 37.898697801966094\n ],\n [\n -97.70416259765625,\n 38.10106333042556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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The Missouri River Pallid Sturgeon Effects Analysis was designed to carry out three components of an assessment of how Missouri River management has affected, and will affect, population dynamics of endangered Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon): (1) collection of reliable scientific information, (2) critical assessment and synthesis of available data and analyses, and (3) analysis of the effects of actions on listed species and their habitats. This report is a synthesis of the three components emphasizing development of lines of evidence relating potential future management actions to pallid sturgeon population dynamics. We address 21 working management hypotheses that emerged from an expert opinion-based filtering process.
The ability to quantify linkages from abiotic changes to pallid sturgeon population dynamics is compromised by fundamental information gaps. Although a substantial foundation of pallid sturgeon science has been developed during the past 20 years, our efforts attempt to push beyond that understanding to provide predictions of how future management actions may affect pallid sturgeon responses. For some of the 21 hypotheses, lines of evidence are limited to theoretical deduction, inference from sparse empirical datasets, or expert opinion. Useful simulation models have been developed to predict the effects of management actions on survival of drifting pallid sturgeon free embryos in the Yellowstone and Upper Missouri River complex (hereafter referred to as the “upper river”), and to assess the effects of flow and channel reconfigurations on habitat availability in the Lower Missouri River, tributaries, and Mississippi River downstream of Gavins Point Dam (hereafter referred to as the “lower river”). A population model also has been developed that can be used to assess sensitivity of the population to survival of specific life stages, assess some hypotheses related to stocking decisions, and explore a limited number of management scenarios.
Consideration of lines of evidence for each of the 21 hypotheses includes a discussion of how the degree of uncertainty and risk associated with each hypothesis may guide science and implementation strategies. Implementation strategies include full implementation in the field, limited implementations as field-scale experiments, or (in the case of greatest uncertainty) implementation as learning actions, including research and opportunistic experiments or field-based gradient studies. Given the substantive uncertainties associated with pallid sturgeon population dynamics and the need to continually assimilate and assess new information, we proposed that an Effects Analysis-like process should be considered an integral part of ongoing Missouri River adaptive management.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165064","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri River Recovery Program","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, R.B., Annis, M.L., Colvin, M.E., James, D.A., Welker, T.L., and Parsley, M.J., 2016, Missouri River Scaphirhynchus albus (pallid sturgeon) effects analysis—Integrative report 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5064, 154 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165064.","productDescription":"xv, 154 p.","numberOfPages":"174","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064765","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5064/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5064/sir20165064.pdf","text":"Report","size":"18.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5064"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -115.4443359375,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -114.08203125,\n 46.78501604269254\n ],\n [\n -113.5986328125,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 46.51351558059737\n ],\n [\n -112.30224609374999,\n 45.73685954736049\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 43.78695837311561\n ],\n [\n -107.90771484375,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -107.24853515625,\n 42.90816007196054\n ],\n [\n -106.787109375,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -106.98486328124999,\n 42.309815415686664\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -106.962890625,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -107.09472656249999,\n 40.830436877649255\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 40.41349604970198\n ],\n [\n -106.34765625,\n 40.027614437486655\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 40.16208338164619\n ],\n [\n -105.75439453125,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -105.99609375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 39.04478604850143\n ],\n [\n -102.72216796875,\n 38.59970036588819\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -94.24072265625,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 29.401319510041485\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 28.844673680771795\n ],\n [\n -88.59374999999999,\n 29.32472016151103\n ],\n [\n -88.26416015625,\n 33.00866349457558\n ],\n [\n -88.11035156249999,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -88.92333984375,\n 37.03763967977139\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -89.9560546875,\n 38.976492485539424\n ],\n [\n -90.87890625,\n 39.63953756436671\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 40.195659093364654\n ],\n [\n -91.91162109375,\n 41.0130657870063\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 41.09591205639546\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -97.14111328125,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -98.6572265625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -100.74462890625,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -101.88720703125,\n 48.32703913063476\n ],\n [\n -104.47998046875,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 48.922499263758255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center (CERC)
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
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An ongoing understanding of streamflow characteristics of the rivers and streams in South Carolina is important for the protection and preservation of the State’s water resources. Information concerning the low-flow characteristics of streams is especially important during critical flow periods, such as during the historic droughts that South Carolina has experienced in the past few decades.
In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 28 selected streamgaging stations in the Savannah and Salkehatchie River Basins in South Carolina. The low-flow statistics include daily mean flow durations for the 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, and 95-percent probability of exceedance and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day mean flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. The low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2014.
Low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the data were collected, analytical techniques used, and other factors, such as urbanization, diversions, and droughts that may have occurred in the basin. To assess changes in the low-flow statistics from the previously published values, a comparison of the low-flow statistics for the annual minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study was made with the most recently published values. Of the 28 streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, 14 streamgaging stations were suitable for comparing to low-flow statistics that were previously published in U.S. Geological Survey reports. These comparisons indicated that seven of the streamgaging stations had values lower than the previous values, two streamgaging stations had values higher than the previous values, and two streamgaging stations had values that were unchanged from previous values. The remaining three stations for which previous 7Q10 values were computed, which are located on the main stem of the Savannah River, were not compared with current estimates because of differences in the way the pre-regulation and regulated flow data were analyzed.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T.D., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2016, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Savannah and Salkehatchie River Basins through March 2014 (ver. 1.1, November 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1101, 62 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161101.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074376","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325181,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1101/ofr20161101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.77 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 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U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road
Columbia, SC 29210
http://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
Two aeromagnetic surveys were flown to promote further understanding of the geology and structure in northwest Utah and adjacent parts of Nevada and Idaho by serving as a basis for geophysical interpretations and by supporting geological mapping, water and mineral resource investigations, and other topical studies. Although this area is in general sparsely populated, (except for cities and towns along the Wasatch Front such as Ogden and Brigham City), it encompasses metamorphic core complexes in the Grouse Creek and Raft River Mountains (figure 1) of interest to earth scientists studying Cenozoic extension. The region was shaken in 1909 and 1934 by M6+ earthquakes east of the Hansel Mountains (Doser, 1989; Arabasz and others, 1994); damage from the 1934 earthquake occurred as far east as Logan, Utah (http:// www.seis.utah.edu/lqthreat/nehrp_htm/1934hans/n1934ha1. shtml#urbse). The presence of Quaternary shield volcanoes and bimodal Pleistocene volcanism in Curlew Valley (Miller and others, 1995; Felger and others, 2016) as well as relatively high temperature gradients encountered in the Indian Cove drillhole in the north arm of Great Salt Lake (Blackett and others, 2014) may indicate some potential for geothermal energy development in the area (Miller and others, 1995). The area also hosts four significant mining districts, in the northern Pilot Range, the Goose Creek Mountains in the northwest corner of the map, the southern end of the Promontory Mountains, and the southwest part of the Raft River Mountains, although production notably waned after World War II (Doelling, 1980). Other prospects of interest include those in the southern Grouse Creek Mountains, Silver Island, and the northern Newfoundland Mountains.
Large areas of northwest Utah are covered by young, surficial deposits or by Great Salt Lake or are down-dropped into deep Cenozoic basins, making extrapolation of bedrock geology from widely spaced exposures difficult or tenuous (figure 1). Local spatial variations in the Earth's magnetic field (evident as anomalies on aeromagnetic maps) reflect the distribution of magnetic minerals, primarily magnetite, in the underlying rocks. In many cases the volume content of magnetic minerals can be related to rock type, and abrupt spatial changes in the amount of magnetic minerals commonly mark lithologic or structural boundaries. Magnetic data reflect magnetization variations within the crust and are well suited for mapping the distribution of mafic igneous rocks, although felsic igneous rocks, some mineralized zones, and other rock types also can produce measurable magnetic anomalies. For these reasons, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Utah Geological Survey (UGS) contracted for the collection of aeromagnetic data in this area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.34191/MP-16-4","isbn":"978-1-55791-931-1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., 2016, Aeromagnetic map of northwest Utah and adjacent parts of Nevada and Idaho: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 16-4, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.34191/MP-16-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-073411","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342956,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.141667,\n 42.041667\n ],\n [\n -111.916667,\n 42.041667\n ],\n [\n -111.916667,\n 40.858333\n ],\n [\n -114.141667,\n 40.858333\n ],\n [\n -114.141667,\n 42.041667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536ea7e4b062508e3c7a75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":151042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171185,"text":"ofr20161082 - 2016 - Assessing landslide potential on coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington—Geologic site characterization for hydrologic monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-01T11:11:23","indexId":"ofr20161082","displayToPublicDate":"2016-07-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1082","title":"Assessing landslide potential on coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington—Geologic site characterization for hydrologic monitoring","docAbstract":"During the summer 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey collected geologic and geotechnical data for two sites on coastal bluffs along the eastern shore of Puget Sound, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey also installed hydrologic instrumentation at the sites and collected specimens for laboratory testing. The two sites are located on City of Mukilteo open-space land and are about 0.6 kilometers apart. The bluffs at each site are approximately 42 meters high, and rise steeply from the shoreline with 32–35° slopes. The more northerly of the two sites occupies an active landslide and is mostly unvegetated. The other site is forested, and although stable during the preparation of this report, shows evidence of historical and potential landslide activity. The slopes of the bluffs at both sites are mantled by a thin, nonuniform colluvium underlain by clay-rich glacial deposits and tills of the Whidbey Formation or Double Bluff Drift. Till consisting of sand, gravel, and cobbles caps the bluffs and rests on finer grained glacial deposits of sand, silt, and clay. These types of different glacial deposits are dense, vertically fractured, and generally have low permeability, but field observations indicate that locally the deposits are sufficiently permeable to allow lateral flow of water along fractures and subhorizontal boundaries between deposits of different texture. Laboratory tests indicate that many of the deposits are highly plastic, with low hydraulic conductivity, and moderate shear strength. Steep slopes combined with the strength and hydraulic characteristics of the deposits leave the bluffs prone to slope instability, particularly during the wet season when infiltrating rainfall changes moisture content, pore-water pressure, and effective stress within the hillslope. The instrumentation was designed to primarily observe rainfall variability and hydrologic changes in the subsurface that can affect stability of the bluffs, and also to compare the hydrologic response between areas where previous landslides have disturbed vegetation and areas where the bluff is apparently more stable and well vegetated.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161082","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a Technical Assistance Agreement with Sound Transit","usgsCitation":"Mirus, B.B., Smith, J.B., Stark, Benjamin, Lewis, York, Michel, Abigail, and Baum, R.L., 2016, Assessing landslide potential on coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington—Geologic site characterization for hydrologic monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1082, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161082.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p. HTML Document: Data Release","startPage":"1","endPage":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075317","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438597,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13033","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Lab tests for specimens from Mukilteo, WA, 2016"},{"id":324697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1082/ofr20161082.pdf","text":"Report","size":"28.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1082"},{"id":324696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1082/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324698,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7H13033","text":"Laboratory Testing Results: Material strength and hydraulic properties for specimens collected from coastal bluffs near Mukilteo, Washington","description":"OFR 2016-1082 Data"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.66098022460939,\n 48.448333001219005\n ],\n [\n -122.68157958984375,\n 48.448333001219005\n ],\n [\n -122.68844604492186,\n 48.43193420325806\n ],\n [\n -122.67608642578126,\n 48.4164415885222\n ],\n [\n -122.67333984374999,\n 48.37632112598019\n ],\n [\n -122.77084350585938,\n 48.26034139584532\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 48.17158081783164\n ],\n [\n -122.91778564453125,\n 48.09275716032736\n ],\n [\n -122.90679931640624,\n 47.7476346002088\n ],\n [\n -122.90267944335938,\n 47.6441113460123\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 47.646886969413\n ],\n [\n -122.75024414062499,\n 47.666312203609145\n ],\n [\n -122.67745971679688,\n 47.585789182379905\n ],\n [\n -122.56759643554689,\n 47.304378285521565\n ],\n [\n -122.46734619140625,\n 47.280160670764744\n ],\n [\n -122.39730834960938,\n 47.26711582310954\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 47.352780247239586\n ],\n [\n -122.3272705078125,\n 47.525547335516556\n ],\n [\n -122.30804443359375,\n 47.78363463526376\n ],\n [\n -122.20642089843749,\n 47.989002568678686\n ],\n [\n -122.1844482421875,\n 48.060643120324514\n ],\n [\n -122.38632202148438,\n 48.31882083063846\n ],\n [\n -122.66098022460939,\n 48.448333001219005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Digital flood-inundation maps for an approximately100-mile length of Lake Champlain in Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, and Grand Isle Counties in Vermont and northern Clinton County in New York were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the International Joint Commission (IJC). The flood-inundationmaps, which can be accessed through the International Joint Commission (IJC) Web site at http://www.ijc.org/en_/, depict estimates of the areal extent flooding correspondingto selected water levels (stages) at the USGS lake gage on the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. (station number 04295000). In this study, wind and seiche effects (standing oscillating wave with a long wavelength) were not taken into account and the flood-inundation mapsreflect 11 stages (elevations) for Lake Champlain that are static for the study length of the lake. Near-real-time stages at this lake gage, and others on Lake Champlain, may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at the Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point.
Static flood boundary extents were determined for LakeChamplain in Addison, Chittenden, Franklin, and Grand Isle Counties in Vermont and northern Clinton County in New York using recently acquired (2013–2014) lidar (light detection and ranging) and may be referenced to any of the five USGS lake gages on Lake Champlain. Of these five lakgages, USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y., is the only USGS lake gage that is also a National Weather Service prediction location. Flood boundary extents for the Lake Champlain static flood-inundation map corresponding to the May 201 flood(103.2 feet [ft], National Geodetic Vertical Datum [NGVD] 29) were evaluated by comparing these boundary extents against the inundation area extents determined for the May 2011 flood (which incorporated documented high-water marksfrom the flood of May 201) (Bjerklie and others, 2014).
A digital elevation model (DEM) was created by USGS, within a geographic information system (GIS), from the recently flown and processed light detection and ranging(lidar) data (2013–2014) in Vermont and the lake shore area of northern Clinton County in New York. The lidar data have a vertical accuracy of 0.3 to 0.6-ft (9.6 to 18.0-centimeters [cm]) and a horizontal resolution of 2.3 to 4.6 ft (0.7 to 1.4 meters). This DEM was used in determining the floodboundary for 11 flood stages at 0.5-ft intervals from 100.0 to104.0 ft (NGVD 29) and 1-ft intervals from 104.0 to 106.0 ft (NGVD 29) as referenced to the USGS lake gage 04295000, Richelieu River (Lake Champlain) at Rouses Point, N.Y. In addition, the May 2011 flood-inundation area for elevation103.20 ft (NGVD 29) (102.77 ft, North American Vertical Datum [NAVD] 88) was determined from this DEM. The May 2011 flood is the highest recorded lake water level (stage)at the Rouses Point, N.Y., lake gage. Flood stages greater than 101.5 ft (NGVD 29) exceed the “major flood stage”as defined by the NationalWeather Service for USGS lake gage 04295000.
The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS lake gage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NationalWeather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood responseactivities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery eforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the International Joint Commission","usgsCitation":"Flynn, R.H., and Hayes, Laura, 2016, Flood-inundation maps for Lake Champlain in Vermont and in northern Clinton County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5060, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165060.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068359","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323821,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/sir20165060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.54 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5060"},{"id":323820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Champlain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -73.11676025390625,\n 43.614205328810954\n ],\n [\n -73.4600830078125,\n 43.614205328810954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
331 Commerce Way, Suite 2
Pembroke, NH 03275
Or visit our Web site at:
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov
Wildfire can significantly alter the hydrologic response of a watershed to the extent that even modest rainstorms can generate dangerous flash floods and debris flows. To reduce public exposure to hazard, the U.S. Geological Survey produces post-fire debris-flow hazard assessments for select fires in the western United States. We use publicly available geospatial data describing basin morphology, burn severity, soil properties, and rainfall characteristics to estimate the statistical likelihood that debris flows will occur in response to a storm of a given rainfall intensity. Using an empirical database and refined geospatial analysis methods, we defined new equations for the prediction of debris-flow likelihood using logistic regression methods. We showed that the new logistic regression model outperformed previous models used to predict debris-flow likelihood.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161106","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Negri, J.A., Kean, J.W., Laber, J.M., Tillery, A.C., and Youberg, A.M., 2016, Updated logistic regression equations for the calculation of post-fire debris-flow likelihood in the western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1106, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/ofr20161106.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076051","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Report"},{"id":324672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324675,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1106/ofr20161106_appx-1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"268 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1106 Appendix 1"}],"contact":"Center Director, Geologic Hazards Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS 966
Denver, CO 80225-0046