The Great Salt Lake Basins (GRSL) study unit of the National Water-Quality Assessment program encompasses the Bear River, Weber River, and Utah Lake/Jordan River systems, all of which discharge to Great Salt Lake in Utah. Data were collected during each month at 10 sites in the GRSL study unit from October 1998 to September 2000 to define spatial and temporal distribution and variability in concentration of nutrients, major ions, trace elements, suspended sediments, and organic compounds.
Water samples collected from rangeland and forest sites in the GRSL study unit generally contained low concentrations of dissolved solids. Median dissolved-solids concentration in water samples was highest at sites with mixed land uses. Dissolved-solids concentration in some parts of the Bear River during low flow exceeded Utah State standards for agricultural use.
Total-nitrogen concentration in water samples from GRSL sites ranged from 0.06 to 11 milligrams per liter. Water samples from predominantly forest and rangeland sites generally had a low total-nitrogen concentration. Many samples from sites with a higher percentage of agricultural and urban land cover had higher concentrations of total nitrogen. Fifty percent of the samples collected at GRSL sites had total phosphorus concentrations that exceeded 0.1 milligram per liter, the recommended limit for the prevention of nuisance aquatic-plant growth in streams not discharging directly into lakes or impoundments.
Concentration of most trace elements in water samples from the fixed sites generally was low; however, arsenic concentrations, as high as 284 micrograms per liter, sometimes exceeded aquatic-life guidelines. Forty-three pesticides and 35 volatile organic compounds were detected in water samples from three GRSL sites; however, the concentration of most was low, less than 1 microgram per liter. The herbicides atrazine and prometon and the insecticides carbaryl and diazinon were the most frequently detected pesticides. Chloroform and toluene were detected in more than 90 percent of the samples and were the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds. The concentration of carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, and toluene in water samples from GRSL sites sometimes exceeded aquatic-life guidelines.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034236","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., 2003, Water quality at fixed sites in the Great Salt Lake basins, Utah, Idaho, and Wyoming, water years 1999-2000 (Online Only): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4236, x, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034236.","productDescription":"x, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4712,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034236/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334632,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034236/pdf/wri034236.pdf","size":"10.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho,Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ],\n [\n -111.87377929687499,\n 39.64799732373418\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 40.019201307686785\n ],\n [\n -111.302490234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -110.753173828125,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n -110.50048828124999,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -110.55541992187499,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 42.771211138625894\n ],\n [\n -112.412109375,\n 42.431565872579185\n ],\n [\n -112.510986328125,\n 41.566141964768384\n ],\n [\n -112.43408203124999,\n 41.15384235711447\n ],\n [\n -112.12646484375,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -112.236328125,\n 39.86758762451019\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Only","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bcca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52670,"text":"ofr03344 - 2003 - Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr03344","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-344","title":"Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001","docAbstract":"Previous investigations have shown that natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are substantial in shallow ground water beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU 1), Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor ground-water geochemistry to assure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation. This report presents the ground-water geochemical and selected CVOC data collected at OU 1 by the USGS during June 11-14, 2001 in support of the long-term monitoring for natural attenuation.\r\n\r\nOverall, the June 2001 data indicate that redox conditions in the upper aquifer remain favorable for reductive dechlorination of CVOCs because strongly reducing conditions persisted beneath much of the former landfill. Redox conditions in the intermediate aquifer down gradient of the landfill appear to have become more favorable for reductive dechlorination because June 2001 dissolved hydrogen concentrations indicated strongly reducing conditions there for the first time. Although changes in redox conditions were observed at certain wells during 2001, a longer monitoring period is needed to ascertain if phytoremediation activities are affecting the ground-water chemistry.\r\n\r\nA minor change to future monitoring is proposed. Filtered organic carbon (previously referred to as dissolved, and defined as that which passes through a 0.45-micrometer membrane filter) should be analyzed in the future rather than unfiltered (previously referred to as total) organic carbon because the filtered analysis may be a better measure of bioavailable organic carbon. Unfiltered and filtered organic carbon data were collected during June 2001 for comparison. Filtered organic carbon data collected in the future could be reasonably compared with historical unfiltered organic carbon data by multiplying the historical data by a factor of about 0.9.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03344","usgsCitation":"Dinico, R.S., 2003, Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-344, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03344.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03344/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a02e4b07f02db5f81de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinico, Richard Steven","contributorId":103735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinico","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Steven","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53269,"text":"ofr03292 - 2003 - Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-05T20:28:15.190592","indexId":"ofr03292","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-292","title":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001","docAbstract":"Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data were collected in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program and are presented in this report. These river basins compose the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins study unit which was selected to include a river system that has a mixture of forested, agricultural, urban, and developing areas. Waterquality samples were collected from 28 surface-water sites and 86 ground-water sites from June 1998 to September 2001. Data collected included measurements of physical properties and chemical analyses of concentrations of major ions, trace elements, nutrients, organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and radiochemical constituents. Streambed-sediment and biological tissue samples were collected from 41 sites and analyzed for trace elements and organochlorine compounds. Benthic algae were collected to determine chlorophyll concentration and areal density.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03292","usgsCitation":"Bowers, C.L., Caldwell, R.R., and Dutton, D., 2003, Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biological data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-292, viii, 203 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03292.","productDescription":"viii, 203 p.","numberOfPages":"213","temporalStart":"1998-06-01","temporalEnd":"2001-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":407996,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67763.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5833,\n 45.8167\n ],\n [\n -113.9333,\n 45.8167\n ],\n [\n -113.9333,\n 48.275\n ],\n [\n -117.5833,\n 48.275\n ],\n [\n -117.5833,\n 45.8167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowers, Craig L.","contributorId":99209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowers","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Rodney R. 0000-0002-2588-715X caldwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-715X","contributorId":2577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Rodney","email":"caldwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":247129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutton, DeAnn M. ddutton@usgs.gov","contributorId":20762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"DeAnn M.","email":"ddutton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":247130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":53236,"text":"ofr03206 - 2003 - Hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data for Belvidere, Illinois, and vicinity, 2001–02","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T18:57:42.523522","indexId":"ofr03206","displayToPublicDate":"2004-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-206","displayTitle":"Hydrogeologic and Ground-Water-Quality Data for Belvidere, Illinois, and Vicinity, 2001–02","title":"Hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data for Belvidere, Illinois, and vicinity, 2001–02","docAbstract":"This report presents miscellaneous geologic, hydrologic, and ground-water-quality data collected in and near Belvidere, Ill. during May 2001–November 2002. The data were collected for two studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1990–2002, but subsequent to publication of the final interpretive reports for the studies. The cooperative studies with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Illinois Environmental Protection Agency evaluated the hydrogeology, ground-water-flow system, and distribution of contaminants in the glacial drift and bedrock (primarily Galena-Platteville) aquifers underlying the vicinity of Belvidere, including the Parson's Casket Hardware Superfund site. Data presented in the report include lithologic descriptions, geophysical logs, water levels, hydraulic characteristics, field-measured characteristics of water quality, and laboratory analyses of volatile organic compounds, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, and herbicides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03206","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Kay, R., 2003, Hydrogeologic and ground-water-quality data for Belvidere, Illinois, and vicinity, 2001–02: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-206, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03206.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"50","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0206/ofr20030206.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":178130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0206/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":388607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67760.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinios","city":"Belvidere","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.9508056640625,\n 42.21326229782065\n ],\n [\n -88.77639770507812,\n 42.21326229782065\n ],\n [\n -88.77639770507812,\n 42.34535034292539\n ],\n [\n -88.9508056640625,\n 42.34535034292539\n ],\n [\n -88.9508056640625,\n 42.21326229782065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program collected water samples from 48 wells in the southern High Plains as part of a larger scientific effort to broadly characterize and understand factors affecting water quality of the High Plains aquifer across the entire High Plains. Water samples were collected primarily from domestic wells in Texas and eastern New Mexico. Depths of wells sampled ranged from 100 to 500 feet, with a median depth of 201 feet. Depths to water ranged from 34 to 445 feet below land surface, with a median depth of 134 feet. Of 240 properties or constituents measured or analyzed, 10 exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standards or guidelines in one or more samples - arsenic, boron, chloride, dissolved solids, fluoride, manganese, nitrate, radon, strontium, and sulfate. Measured dissolved solids concentrations in 29 samples were larger than the public drinking-water guideline of 500 milligrams per liter. Fluoride concentrations in 16 samples, mostly in the southern part of the study area, were larger than the public drinking-water standard of 4 milligrams per liter. Nitrate was detected in all samples, and concentrations in six samples were larger than the public drinking-water standard of 10 milligrams per liter. Arsenic concentrations in 14 samples in the southern part of the study area were larger than the new (2002) public drinking-water standard of 10 micrograms per liter. Radon concentrations in 36 samples were larger than a proposed public drinking-water standard of 300 picocuries per liter. Pesticides were detected at very small concentrations, less than 1 microgram per liter, in less than 20 percent of the samples. The most frequently detected compounds were atrazine and breakdown products of atrazine, a finding similar to those of National Water-Quality Assessment aquifer studies across the Nation. Four volatile organic compounds were detected at small concentrations in six water samples. About 70 percent of the 48 primarily domestic wells sampled contained some fraction of recently (less than about 50 years ago) recharged ground water, as indicated by the presence of one or more pesticides, or tritium or nitrate concentrations greater than threshold levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03345","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fahlquist, L., 2003, Ground-water quality of the southern High Plains aquifer, Texas and New Mexico, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-345, vii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03345.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0345/ofr03345.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 03-345"},{"id":174143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0345/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico, Texas ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.1671142578125,\n 35.49198366469642\n ],\n [\n -103.24951171875,\n 35.545635932499415\n ],\n [\n -103.4857177734375,\n 35.55457449014312\n ],\n [\n -103.64501953125,\n 35.55904339525896\n ],\n [\n -103.88671875,\n 35.44724605551148\n ],\n [\n -104.1119384765625,\n 35.34425514918409\n ],\n [\n -104.183349609375,\n 35.02099970111467\n ],\n [\n -104.3096923828125,\n 34.69194468425019\n ],\n [\n -104.27124023437499,\n 34.35704160076073\n ],\n [\n -104.205322265625,\n 34.02990029603907\n ],\n [\n -104.0899658203125,\n 33.261656767328006\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 32.89803818160521\n ],\n [\n -103.77685546875,\n 32.685619853722\n ],\n [\n -103.3428955078125,\n 32.48659682936049\n ],\n [\n -103.0517578125,\n 32.27320009948135\n ],\n [\n -102.799072265625,\n 32.08257455954592\n ],\n [\n -102.2662353515625,\n 31.732839253650067\n ],\n [\n -102.030029296875,\n 31.62999849900255\n ],\n [\n -101.744384765625,\n 31.74685416292141\n ],\n [\n -101.53564453124999,\n 31.89621446335144\n ],\n [\n -101.4202880859375,\n 32.040676557717454\n ],\n [\n -101.3214111328125,\n 32.16631295696736\n ],\n [\n -101.304931640625,\n 32.25926542645933\n ],\n [\n -101.31591796875,\n 32.43097672054704\n ],\n [\n -101.4532470703125,\n 32.519026027827515\n ],\n [\n -101.590576171875,\n 32.708733368521585\n ],\n [\n -101.4862060546875,\n 32.773419354975175\n ],\n [\n -101.4971923828125,\n 33.0178760185549\n ],\n [\n -101.35986328125,\n 33.05932046347212\n ],\n [\n -101.3214111328125,\n 33.23868752757414\n ],\n [\n -101.3983154296875,\n 33.4039312002347\n ],\n [\n -101.18408203124999,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -101.1016845703125,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -100.92041015625,\n 33.5963189611327\n ],\n [\n -100.87646484375,\n 33.779147331286474\n ],\n [\n -100.909423828125,\n 33.97980872872457\n ],\n [\n -101.10717773437499,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -101.09619140625,\n 34.45674800347809\n ],\n [\n -101.0797119140625,\n 34.56990638085636\n ],\n [\n -101.326904296875,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -101.3818359375,\n 34.84085858477277\n ],\n [\n -101.72241210937499,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -101.8597412109375,\n 35.11990857099681\n ],\n [\n -102.0245361328125,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 35.33977430038646\n ],\n [\n -102.5628662109375,\n 35.411438052435464\n ],\n [\n -102.8594970703125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -103.0902099609375,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -103.1671142578125,\n 35.49198366469642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","tableOfContents":"Residential and commercial development of about 80 square miles that primarily replaced undeveloped and agricultural areas occurred in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, from 1963 to 1994. This study evaluates the occurrence and distribution of natural and anthropogenic compounds in shallow ground water underlying recently developed (post 1963) residential and commercial areas. Monitoring wells from 23 to 153 feet deep were installed at 30 sites. Water-quality data for the monitoring wells consist of analyses of field parameters, major ions, trace elements, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds.
Dissolved-solids concentration ranged from 134 to 2,910 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in water from the 30 monitoring wells. Dissolved arsenic concentration in water from 12 wells exceeded the drinking-water maximum contaminant level of 10 micrograms per liter. Water from monitoring wells in the northwestern part of the valley generally contained higher arsenic concentrations than did water from other areas. Nitrate concentration in water sampled from 26 of the 30 monitoring wells (86.7 percent) was higher than a background level of 2 mg/L, indicating a possible human influence. Nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 13.3 mg/L.
Fifteen of the 104 pesticides and pesticide degradation products analyzed for were detected in 1 or more water samples from the monitoring wells. No pesticides were detected at concentrations that exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards or guidelines for 2002. The high detection frequency of atrazine, a restricted-use pesticide, in residential areas on the west side of Salt Lake Valley may be the result of application in agricultural or industrial areas that have been converted to residential uses or application in areas upgradient from the residential areas that was then transported by ground water.
Fifteen of the 86 volatile organic compounds analyzed for were detected in 1 or more water samples from the monitoring wells. The most frequently detected volatile organic compounds were chloroform (90 percent), bromodichloromethane (56.7 percent), tetrachloroethylene (53.3 percent), and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (50 percent). The widespread occurrence of chloroform and bromodichloromethane in shallow ground water is likely a result of the recharge of chlorinated public-supply water used to irrigate lawns and gardens in residential areas of Salt Lake Valley. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), primarily used as a dry cleaning agent and solvent, was detected in water from 16 wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri034028","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., 2003, Quality and sources of shallow ground water in areas of recent residential development in Salt Lake Valley, Salt Lake County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4028, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034028.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":5015,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034028/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334629,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034028/PDF/WRI034028.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Salt Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake 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Lake\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6552ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":246250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52665,"text":"ofr03212 - 2003 - LakeVOC; A Deterministic Model to Estimate Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Reservoirs and Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:26","indexId":"ofr03212","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-212","title":"LakeVOC; A Deterministic Model to Estimate Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Reservoirs and Lakes","docAbstract":"This report documents LakeVOC, a model to estimate volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in lakes and reservoirs. LakeVOC represents the lake or reservoir as a two-layer system and estimates VOC concentrations in both the epilimnion and hypolimnion. The air-water flux of a VOC is characterized in LakeVOC in terms of the two-film model of air-water exchange. LakeVOC solves the system of coupled differential equations for the VOC concentration in the epilimnion, the VOC concentration in the hypolimnion, the total mass of the VOC in the lake, the volume of the epilimnion, and the volume of the hypolimnion.\r\n\r\nA series of nine simulations were conducted to verify LakeVOC representation of mixing, dilution, and gas exchange characteristics in a hypothetical lake, and two additional estimates of lake volume and MTBE concentrations were done in an actual reservoir under environmental conditions. These 11 simulations showed that LakeVOC correctly handled mixing, dilution, and gas exchange. The model also adequately estimated VOC concentrations within the epilimnion in an actual reservoir with daily input parameters. As the parameter-input time scale increased (from daily to weekly to monthly, for example), the differences between the measured-averaged concentrations and the model-estimated concentrations generally increased, especially for the hypolimnion. This may be because as the time scale is increased from daily to weekly to monthly, the averaging of model inputs may cause a loss of detail in the model estimates.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03212","usgsCitation":"Bender, D.A., Asher, W., and Zogorski, J.S., 2003, LakeVOC; A Deterministic Model to Estimate Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations in Reservoirs and Lakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-212, 283 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03212.","productDescription":"283 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":5163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr03-212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b44d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":245746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asher, William E.","contributorId":44986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher","given":"William E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":245747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":245745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":51257,"text":"wri034175 - 2003 - Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:31","indexId":"wri034175","displayToPublicDate":"2003-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4175","title":"Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002","docAbstract":"From November 2001 to January 2002, a study of the ground-water resources in the Crumpton Creek area of Middle Tennessee was conducted to determine whether volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Arnold Air Force Base (AAFB) have affected local private water supplies and to advance understanding of the ground-water-flow system in this area. VOC samples were collected from private wells that were not included in previous sampling efforts conducted in the Crumpton Creek area near AAFB. Ground-water-flow directions were investigated by measuring water levels in wells and constructing a potentiometric-surface map of the Manchester aquifer in the study area. Data were collected from a total of 68 private wells, 82 monitoring wells, and 1 cave during the period of study. Ground-water levels were determined for 42 of the private wells and for all 82 monitoring wells. Of the 82 monitoring wells, 81 withdraw water from the Manchester aquifer and 1 well withdraws water from the overlying shallow aquifer. The Manchester aquifer wells range in depth from 20 to 150 feet. Water-level altitudes for the Manchester aquifer ranged from 956 to 1,064 feet above the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. Water levels ranged from approximately 6 feet above land surface to 94 feet below land surface. Water-quality samples were collected from all 68 private wells, 8 of the monitoring wells, and the 1 cave. \r\n\r\nOf the 55 VOCs analyzed, 42 were not detected. Thirteen VOCs were detected; however, only tetrachloroethylene (PCE), methylene chloride, and toluene were detected at concentrations equal to or above reporting levels for the analytical method used. PCE was detected in water samples from 15 private wells and was the only VOC that exceeded drinking water maximum contaminant levels for public water systems. PCE concentrations in samples from five of the wells were below the reporting level and ranged from estimated concentrations of 0.46 to 0.80 microgram per liter (?g/L). Samples from 10 wells contained concentrations equal to or greater than the analytical reporting level of 1 ?g/L for PCE. Samples from one of these wells contained PCE concentrations (12 ?g/L and 11 ?g/L) exceeding the drinking water maximum contaminant level of 5 ?g/L for PCE. The spatial distribution of PCE detections and the relative concentrations of PCE and trichloroethylene suggest that the PCE detections are associated with a small and localized ground-water contamination plume unrelated to AAFB ground-water contamination.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri034175","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.D., 2003, Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data for Wells in the Crumpton Creek Area near Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee, November 2001 to January 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4175, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034175.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4631,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ae4b07f02db69d17c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Shannon D. swilliam@usgs.gov","contributorId":4133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Shannon","email":"swilliam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51969,"text":"wri034079 - 2003 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of gasoline oxygenates, selected degradates, and BTEX in water by heated purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-02T14:56:45.998103","indexId":"wri034079","displayToPublicDate":"2003-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4079","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of gasoline oxygenates, selected degradates, and BTEX in water by heated purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"A method for determination of the alkyl ethers u sed as gasoline oxygenates [ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME)], some of their main degradates [acetone, methyl acetate, tert-butyl alcohol (tBA), and tert-amyl alcohol (tAA)], and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) at low concentrations (<5 micrograms per liter) in water samples was developed. The compounds are determined using heated extraction to improve purging of polar compounds in a standard gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for volatile compounds. Volatile compounds in this method are extracted (purged) from the sample b y bubbling helium through a 25-mL (milliliter) sample heated at about 65°C. Volatile compounds are trapped on a sorbent and then thermally desorbed into a GC/MS system for identification and quantitation. The calibration range for this method is 0.1 to 200 μg/L (micrograms per liter). Mean gasoline oxygenate recoveries from volatile-grade blank-water samples analyzed at concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 μg/L were 95 to 105 percent, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.9 to 3.2 percent. Mean oxygenate degradate recoveries ranged from 88 to 107 percent, with RSDs of 3.2 to 7.4 percent, at concentrations from 1 to 50 μg/ L. Mean BTEX recoveries ranged from 91 to 107 percent, with RSDs of 1.1 to 6.6 percent, at concentrations from 0.5 to 10 μg/L . The method detection limits range from 0.035 to 0.052 μg/L for the gasoline oxygenates, 0.216 to 0.62 μg/L for the oxygenate degradates, and 0.005 to 0.036 μg/L for BTEX. Calculated holding times using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) procedure D 4841-88 indicate that all of the analytes are stable for a minimum of 40 days at pH 2 and pH 7, except for methyl acetate, which is only stable for 7 days at pH 2.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034079","usgsCitation":"Rose, D.L., and Sandstrom, M.W., 2003, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of gasoline oxygenates, selected degradates, and BTEX in water by heated purge and trap/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4079, vii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034079.","productDescription":"vii, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423734,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4079/wrir034079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"869 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179534,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4079/coverthb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, Donna L. 0000-0003-1216-9914 dlrose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9914","contributorId":4546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Donna","email":"dlrose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":53121,"text":"wri034159 - 2003 - Aquifer tests and simulation of ground-water flow in Triassic sedimentary rocks near Colmar, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-26T15:37:36","indexId":"wri034159","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4159","title":"Aquifer tests and simulation of ground-water flow in Triassic sedimentary rocks near Colmar, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate ground-water flow in Triassic sedimentary rocks near Colmar, in Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pa. The study was conducted to help the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency evaluate remediation alternatives at the North Penn Area 5 Superfund Site near Colmar, where ground water has been contaminated by volatile organic solvents (primarily trichloroethene). The investigation focused on determining the (1) drawdown caused by separately pumping North PennWater Authority wells NP–21 and NP–87, (2) probable paths of groundwater movement under present-day (2000) conditions (with NP–21 discontinued), and (3) areas contributing recharge to wells if pumping from wells NP-21 or NP–87 were restarted and new recovery wells were installed. Drawdown was calculated from water levels measured in observation wells during aquifer tests of NP–21 and NP–87. The direction of ground-water flow was estimated by use of a three-dimensional ground-water-flow model.
Aquifer tests were conducted by pumping NP–21 for about 7 days at 257 gallons per minute in June 2000 and NP–87 for 3 days at 402 gallons per minute in May 2002. Drawdown was measured in 45 observation wells during the NP–21 test and 35 observation wells during the NP–87 test. Drawdown in observation wells ranged from 0 to 6.8 feet at the end of the NP–21 test and 0.5 to 12 feet at the end of the NP–87 test. The aquifer tests showed that ground-water levels declined mostly in observation wells that were completed in the geologic units penetrated by the pumped wells. Because the geologic units dip about 27 degrees to the northwest, shallow wells up dip to the southeast of the pumped well showed a good hydraulic connection to the geologic units stressed by pumping. Most observation wells down dip from the pumping well penetrated units higher in the stratigraphic section that were not well connected to the units stressed by pumping. The best hydraulic connection to the pumped wells was indicated by large drawdown in observation wells that penetrate the water-bearing unit encountered below 400 feet below land surface in wells NP–21 and NP–87. The hydraulic connection between wells NP–21 (or NP–87) and observation wells in the southern area of ground-water contamination near the BAE Systems facility is good because the observation wells probably penetrate this water-bearing unit.
A 3-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater- flow model was used to simulate flow paths and areas contributing recharge to wells for current (2000) conditions of pumping in the Colmar area and for hypothetical situations of pumping suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that might be used for remediation. Simulations indicate that under current conditions, ground water in the northern area of contamination near the former Stabilus facility moves to the northwest and discharges mostly to West Branch Neshaminy Creek; in the southern area of contamination near BAE Systems facility, ground water probably moves west and discharges to a tributary of West Branch Neshaminy Creek near well NP–21. Model simulations indicate that if NP–21 or NP–87 are pumped at 400 gallons per minute, groundwater recharge is likely captured from the southern area of contamination, but ground-water recharge from the northern area of contamination is less likely to be captured by the pumping. Simulations also indicate that pumping of a new recovery well near BAE Systems facility at 8 gallons per minute and two new recovery wells near the former Stabilus facility at a total of about 30 gallons per minute probably would capture most of the ground-water recharge in the areas where contamination is greatest.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., and Bird, P.H., 2003, Aquifer tests and simulation of ground-water flow in Triassic sedimentary rocks near Colmar, Bucks and Montgomery Counties, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4159, viii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034159.","productDescription":"viii, 73 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4159/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":87114,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2003/4159/wri20034159.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.84 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey
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Defining biodegradation rates and processes is a critical part of assessing the feasibility of monitored natural attenuation as a remediation method for ground water containing organic contaminants. During 1998–2001, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a microbial study at a freshwater tidal wetland along the West Branch Canal Creek, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, as part of an investigation of natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wetland sediments. Geochemical analyses and molecular biology techniques were used to investigate factors controlling anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), and to characterize the microbial communities that potentially are important in its degradation. Rapid TeCA and daughter product degradation observed in laboratory experiments and estimated with field data confirm that natural attenuation is a feasible remediation method at this site. The diverse microbial community that seems to be involved in TeCA degradation in the wetland sediments varies with changing spatial and seasonal conditions, allowing continued effective natural attenuation throughout the year.
Rates of TeCA degradation in anaerobic microcosm experiments conducted with wetland sediment collected from two different sites (WB23 and WB30) and during three different seasons (March–April 1999, July–August 1999, and October–November 2000) showed little spatial variability but high seasonal variability. Initial first-order degradation rate constants for TeCA ranged from 0.10±0.01 to 0.16±0.05 per day (halflives of 4.3 to 6.9 days) for March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosms incubated at 19 degrees Celsius, whereas lower rate constants of 0±0.03 and 0.06±0.03 per day were obtained in July–August 1999 microcosms incubated at 19 degrees Celsius. Microbial community profiles showed that low microbial biomass and microbial diversity in the summer, possibly due to competition for nutrients by the wetland vegetation, could account for these unexpectedly low degradation rates. In microcosms incubated at 5 degrees Celsius, about 50 percent of the initial TeCA in solution was converted to daughter products within a 35-day incubation period, indicating that biodegradation in the wetland sediments can continue during cold winter temperatures.
Initial pathways of TeCA degradation were the same in the wetland sediment microcosms regardless of the season or sediment collection site, the reduction-oxidation conditions, and the previous exposure of the sediment to contamination. Immediate and simultaneous dichloroelimination and hydrogenolysis, producing 1,2-dichloroethene (12DCE) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (112TCA), respectively, were the initial TeCA degradation pathways in all live microcosm experiments. The production and degradation of vinyl chloride (VC), which is the most toxic of the TeCA daughter compounds, was affected by spatial and seasonal variability, reduction-oxidation condition, and pre-exposure of the wetland sediment. TeCA-amended microcosms constructed with WB30 sediment showed approximately twice as much VC production as those constructed with WB23 sediment. Results of 112TCA-amended microcosms indicated that the greater production of VC in the WB30 sediment resulted from a greater predominance of the 112TCA dichloro elimination pathway in these sediments. VC degradation also was substantially higher in microcosms constructed with WB30 sediment than those constructed with WB23 sediment, resulting in lower VC concentrations at the end of WB30 microcosms. Enrichment experiments in which microcosm slurry was amended with high initial VC concentrations showed that the spatial difference in VC degradation was negligible after prolonged incubation under methanogenic conditions. Inhibition of methanogenic activity in microcosms by addition of sulfate or of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid inhibited production and degradation of VC. Inhibition of methanogenesis by addition of ferric iron or of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid also completely inhibited VC degradation in VC-amended enrichment experiments. Pre-exposure to VC substantially increased degradation in VC-amended enrichment experiments.
A microbial consortium, rather than one microbial species or group, likely is involved in the degradation of TeCA, as indicated by the occurrence of multiple degradation pathways and the variability in VC production and degradation. A bacterial peak at 90 base pair (bp) fragment length in terminal- restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) profiles was associated with TeCA hydrogenolysis to 112TCA, and bacterial species represented by 198 and 170 bp fragment lengths were associated with TeCA dichloroelimination to 12DCE. Dichloroelimination of 112TCA to VC was associated with increasing dominance of the 198 bp bacterial peak in March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosms, whereas an 86 bp or the 170 bp bacterial peak was associated with 112TCA dichloroelimination in the summer experiment. Hydrogenolysis of 12DCE to VC was associated with a carbon dioxide-utilizing methanogen at 307 bp in the March–April 1999 and October–November 2000 microcosm experiments, whereas production of VC occurred despite low methanogen biomass and methane production in the July–August 1999 experiments. Production of VC in the absence of methane production also occurred in 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures. The exponential production of VC in the 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures after an initial lag indicated growth of a microbial species or group, possibly one of the known dehalorespiring bacteria. Molecular analyses using specific primers targeting dehalorespiring bacteria of the Dehalococcoides group (Dehalococcoides ethenogenes and Dehalococcoides sp. strain FL2) and of the acetate-oxidizing Desulfuromonas group (Desulfuromonas sp. strain BB1 and Desulfuromonas chloroethenica) showed the presence of these bacteria in microcosm slurry from site WB30 but not from site WB23. Addition of hydrogen, which is the favored substrate of Dehalococcoides, tripled VC production in 12DCE-amended enrichment cultures. VC degradation showed a marked association with an increase in the relative proportion of Methanosarcinaceae, a family of methanogens that includes all those capable of utilizing acetate as a substrate, in the total methanogen community.
Half-lives for TeCA and TCE estimated from field data were in the range of 60 to 100 days, which agrees well with laboratory estimates of degradation rates considering the inherent differences in the laboratory and field systems. Both laboratory microcosm experiments and field data showed that 12DCE and VC are the predominant, persistent daughter compounds from TeCA degradation. In addition, porewater chemistry showed higher accumulation of VC in the wetland sediment at site WB30 than at site WB23, as was observed in the microcosm experiments. Molecular analyses of grab samples of surficial wetland sediment showed that all the microbial species or groups linked to TeCA degradation in the microcosm experiments were present in all sediment samples. Microbial biomass and diversity were lowest in an area of the wetland (transect C-C') where porewater VOC concentrations are highest, indicating that the higher VOC concentrations could result from lower degradation rates. The lower microbial biomass and diversity in this area could be caused by toxic effects of the contaminants, or possibly from differences in frequency and duration of tidal inundation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024157","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., Voytek, M.A., Kirshtein, J.D., and Jones, E.J., 2003, Anaerobic degradation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and association with microbial communities in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Laboratory experiments and comparisons to field data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4157, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024157.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":178581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415373,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54802.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39822152190294\n ],\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39573391671823\n ],\n [\n -76.30887080874729,\n 39.39573391671823\n ],\n [\n -76.30887080874729,\n 39.39822152190294\n ],\n [\n -76.31214399911431,\n 39.39822152190294\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voytek, Mary A.","contributorId":91943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytek","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirshtein, Julie D.","contributorId":26033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirshtein","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Elizabeth J. (Phillips)","contributorId":96957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Elizabeth","suffix":"(Phillips)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44607,"text":"wri024173 - 2003 - Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from the United States: Results from archived chromatograms and water samples, 1989-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-09T15:19:43.478403","indexId":"wri024173","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4173","title":"Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in drinking water from the United States: Results from archived chromatograms and water samples, 1989-2000","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Focazio, M. J.","contributorId":62997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkland, W.","contributorId":87805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirkland","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fernandez, M. Jr.","contributorId":35474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fernandez","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":51470,"text":"ofr200373 - 2003 - Summary of water- and sediment-quality data for Anacostia River well sites sampled in July-August 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T13:21:12.109217","indexId":"ofr200373","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-73","title":"Summary of water- and sediment-quality data for Anacostia River well sites sampled in July-August 2002","docAbstract":"This data report is a summary of chemical analyses conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey on ground water and sediment in the tidal Anacostia River watershed, Washington, D.C. during July-August 2002. Cores were drilled and wells were established at three shoreline sites: two wells at the New York Avenue overpass, two wells at the Kenilworth Aquatic Gardens, and one well at Anacostia Park. Additionally, two cores were collected by hoverprobe in mudflats on the river: one by Benning Road and one in the mouth of Beaverdam Creek. Chemical analyses included volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds or polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, aroclors and total polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, nutrients, biochemical and chemical oxygen demands, total phenols, total cyanide, oil and grease, and total suspended and dissolved solids in aqueous phases.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr200373","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.V., and Klohe, C.A., 2003, Summary of water- and sediment-quality data for Anacostia River well sites sampled in July-August 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-73, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr200373.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","temporalStart":"2002-07-01","temporalEnd":"2002-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":176013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9047,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr03-073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699bee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Cherie V. 0000-0001-7765-5919 cvmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-5919","contributorId":863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Cherie","email":"cvmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":243672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klohe, Cheryl A.","contributorId":54275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klohe","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":243673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44601,"text":"wri024084 - 2003 - Occurrence and temporal variability of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in select sources of drinking water : results of the focused survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T10:41:55","indexId":"wri024084","displayToPublicDate":"2003-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4084","title":"Occurrence and temporal variability of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in select sources of drinking water : results of the focused survey","docAbstract":"The large-scale use of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and its high solubility, low soil adsorption, and low biodegradability, has resulted in its detection in ground water and surface water in many places throughout the United States. Studies by numerous researchers, as well as many State and local environmental agencies, have discovered high levels of MTBE in soils and ground water at leaking underground gasoline-storage-tank sites and frequent occurrence of low to intermediate levels of MTBE in reservoirs used for both public water supply and recreational boating.
In response to these findings, the American Water Works Association Research Foundation sponsored an investigation of MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Nation's sources of drinking water. The goal of the investigation was to provide additional information on the frequency of occurrence, concentration, and temporal variability of MTBE and other VOCs in source water used by community water systems (CWSs). The investigation was completed in two stages: (1) reviews of available literature and (2) the collection of new data. Two surveys were associated with the collection of new data. The first, termed the Random Survey, employed a statistically stratified design for sampling source water from 954 randomly selected CWSs. The second, which is the focus of this report, is termed the Focused Survey, which included samples collected from 134 CWS source waters, including ground water, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and streams, that were suspected or known to contain MTBE. The general intent of the Focused Survey was to compare results with the Random Survey and provide an improved understanding of the occurrence, concentration, temporal variability, and anthropogenic factors associated with frequently detected VOCs.
Each sample collected was analyzed for 66 VOCs, including MTBE and three other ether gasoline oxygenates (hereafter termed gasoline oxygenates). As part of the Focused Survey, 451 source-water samples and 744 field quality-control (QC) samples were collected from 78 ground-water, 39 reservoir and (or) lake, and 17 river and (or) stream source waters at fixed intervals for a period of 1 year.
Using a common assessment level of 0.2 μg/L (micrograms per liter) (2.0 μg/L for methyl ethyl ketone), 37 of the 66 VOCs analyzed were detected in both surveys. However, VOCs, especially MTBE and other gasoline oxygenates, were detected more frequently in the Focused Survey than in the Random Survey. MTBE was detected in 55.5 percent of the CWSs sampled in the Focused Survey and in 8.7 percent of those sampled in the Random Survey. Little difference in occurrence, however, was observed for trihalomethanes (THMs), which were detected in 16.4 and 14.8 percent of Focused Survey and Random Survey CWSs, respectively. This may indicate a pervasive occurrence of THMs in several source-water types, regardless of CWS size or geographic location.
Using data at or above the method detection limit to assess temporal variability and anthropogenic factors associated with frequent detection of select VOCs, concentrations in the Focused Survey in ground-water, reservoir, and river source waters were typically less than 1 μg/L. Also, at a 95-percent confidence interval, no statistically significant differences were observed in comparing concentrations in the first and second ground-water sample. A weak seasonal pattern was observed in samples collected from reservoirs and lakes where gasoline oxygenates and other gasoline compounds were detected more frequently during spring and summer, presumedly a result of increased use of motorized watercraft during these seasons. In contrast, seasonal patterns were not observed in samples collected from rivers and streams. The lack of seasonal differences in river and stream source waters sampled may indicate a common and continuous source of contamination.
The most frequently detected VOC (MTBE) and the two most frequently occurring subgroups of VOCs (gasoline oxygenates and THMs) detected in CWS source waters were further characterized to evaluate some anthropogenic factors that may better explain their frequent occurrence. Gasoline oxygenates were detected in 73.9 percent of all CWSs sampled. The concentration of gasoline oxygenates was slightly correlated with watercraft use on reservoirs inside MTBE high-use areas (r2=0.3783) but not outside of these areas (r2=0.0242). In general, the concentration of gasoline oxygenates increased as watercraft use increased. THMs were detected in 47.8 percent of the CWSs supplied by surface water. The frequent occurrence of THMs in reservoir source waters was determined to be an artifact of disinfection and the recycling of chlorinated water to these reservoirs. All CWSs with frequent occurrence of THMs served by a reservoir indicated that chlorine was added to waters for various reasons and that the chlorinated water was then released back to,
or upstream of, the reservoir or lake that was sampled.
Director, Dakota Water Science Center, South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702
The hydrology and water quality of an urbanized reach of Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, were examined as part of the Great Salt Lake Basins study, part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program. Physical and chemical properties of the stream were referenced to established aquatic-life criteria as available. Two fixed sampling sites were established on Little Cottonwood Creek with the purpose of determining the influence of urbanization on the water quality of the stream. The fixed-site assessment is a component of the National Water-Quality Assessment surface-water study design used to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of selected water-quality constituents.
The occurrence and distribution of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved and suspended organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and suspended sediment were monitored during this study. From October 1998 to September 2000, stream samples were collected at regular intervals at the two fixed sites. Additional samples were collected at these sites during periods of high flow, which included runoff from snowmelt in the headwaters and seasonal thunderstorms in the lower basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/wri024276","usgsCitation":"Gerner, S.J., and Waddell, K.M., 2003, Hydrology and water quality of an urban stream reach in the Great Basin — Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, water years 1999–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4276, viii, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024276.","productDescription":"viii, 46 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394839,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54626.htm"},{"id":4089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024276/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":334636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024276/pdf/WRI024276.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Salt Lake City","otherGeospatial":"Little Cottonwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.55085246740427\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.6504293761137\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.6504293761137\n ],\n [\n -111.76391601562499,\n 40.55085246740427\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 40.55085246740427\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604bf4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerner, Steven J. 0000-0002-5701-1304 sjgerner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5701-1304","contributorId":972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"Steven","email":"sjgerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":236182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddell, Kidd M.","contributorId":20720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddell","given":"Kidd","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69624,"text":"i2763 - 2003 - Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:15:28","indexId":"i2763","displayToPublicDate":"2003-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2763","title":"Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars","docAbstract":"Mars Transverse Mercator (MTM) quadrangles -45252 and -45257 (latitude 42.5° S. to 47.5°S., longitude 250° W. to 260° W.) cover a portion of the highlands of Promethei Terra east of Hellas basin. The map area consists of heavily cratered ancient highland materials having moderate to high relief, isolated knobs and massifs of rugged mountainous material, and extensive tracts of smooth and channeled plains. Part of the ~1,500-km-long Reull Vallis outflow system is within the map area. The area also contains surficial deposits, such as the prominent large debris aprons that commonly surround highland massifs. Regional slopes are to the west, toward the Hellas basin, as indicated by topographic maps of Mars. Approximately 60 percent of the surface of Mars is covered by rugged, heavily cratered terrains believed to represent the effects of heavy bombardment in the inner solar system about 4.0 billion years ago. Much of this terrain, including that within the map area, records a long history of modification by tectonism, fluvial processes, mass wasting, and eolian activity. The presence of fluvial features to the east of Hellas basin, including Reull Vallis and other smaller channels, has significant implications for past environmental conditions. The degraded terrains surrounding Hellas basin provide constraints on the role and timing of volatile-driven activity in the evolution of the highlands. Current photogeologic mapping at 1:500,000 scale (see also Mest and Crown, 2002) from analysis of Viking Orbiter images complements previous geomorphic studies of Reull Vallis and other highland outflow systems, drainage networks, and highland debris aprons, as well as regional geologic mapping studies and geologic mapping of Hellas basin as a whole at 1:5,000,000 scale. Viking Orbiter image coverage of the map area generally ranges from 160 to 220 m/pixel; the central part of the map area is covered by higher resolution images of about 47 m/pixel. Crater size-frequency distributions have been compiled to constrain the relative ages of geologic units and determine the timing and duration of inferred geologic processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2763","isbn":"0607992565","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration","usgsCitation":"Mest, S.C., and Crown, D., 2003, Geologic map of MTM -45252 and-45257 quadrangles, Reull Vallis region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2763, 1 Map: 110 x 99 cm, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2763.","productDescription":"1 Map: 110 x 99 cm","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":188437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2763.jpg"},{"id":6260,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2763/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"Mars Transverse Mercator","otherGeospatial":"Hellas Basin;Promethei Terra;Reull Vallis;Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mest, Scott C.","contributorId":96375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mest","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crown, David A.","contributorId":102582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crown","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199463,"text":"70199463 - 2003 - Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T08:55:42","indexId":"70199463","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T08:53:05","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"12","title":"Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Treatise on geochemistry","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/09054-X","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., and Baehr, A.L., 2003, Volatile fuel hydrocarbons and MTBE in the environment, chap. 12 of Treatise on geochemistry, v. 9, p. 433-474, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/09054-X.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"474","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ed2ce4b034bf6a803b34","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lollar, B.S.","contributorId":24532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, A. L.","contributorId":59831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70024901,"text":"70024901 - 2003 - Concentrations and co-occurrence correlations of 88 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of 13 semi-rural to urban locations in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:08","indexId":"70024901","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and co-occurrence correlations of 88 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of 13 semi-rural to urban locations in the United States","docAbstract":"The ambient air concentrations of 88 volatile organic compounds were determined in samples taken at 13 semi-rural to urban locations in Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Louisiana, and California. The sampling periods ranged from 7 to 29 months, yielding a large data set with a total of 23,191 individual air concentration values, some of which were designated \"ND\" (not detected). For each compound at each sampling site, the air concentrations (ca, ppbV) are reported in terms of means, medians, and means of the detected values. The analytical method utilized adsorption/thermal desorption with air-sampling cartridges. The analytes included numerous halogenated alkanes, halogenated alkenes, ethers, alcohols, nitriles, esters, ketones, aromatics, a disulfide, and a furan. At some sites, the air concentrations of the gasoline-related aromatic compounds and the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether were seasonally dependent, with concentrations that maximized in the winter. For each site studied here, the concentrations of some compounds were highly correlated one with another (e.g., the BTEX group (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and the xylenes). Other aromatic compounds were also all generally correlated with one another, while the concentrations of other compound pairs were not correlated (e.g., benzene was not correlated with CFC-12). The concentrations found for the BTEX group were generally lower than the values that have been previously reported for urbanized and industrialized areas of other nations. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.006","issn":"13522310","usgsCitation":"Pankow, J.F., Luo, W., Bender, D., Isabelle, L., Hollingsworth, J., Chen, C., Asher, W., and Zogorski, J., 2003, Concentrations and co-occurrence correlations of 88 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of 13 semi-rural to urban locations in the United States: Atmospheric Environment, v. 37, no. 36, p. 5023-5046, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.006.","startPage":"5023","endPage":"5046","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207939,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.08.006"},{"id":233254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f984e4b0c8380cd4d655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, W.","contributorId":71331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bender, D.A.","contributorId":49537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isabelle, L.M.","contributorId":54746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isabelle","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollingsworth, J.S.","contributorId":8652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollingsworth","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chen, C.","contributorId":98490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Asher, W.E.","contributorId":99339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asher","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70026103,"text":"70026103 - 2003 - Highly siderophile elements in chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026103","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly siderophile elements in chondrites","docAbstract":"The abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE), Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd, were determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry for bulk samples of 13 carbonaceous chondrites, 13 ordinary chondrites and 9 enstatite chondrites. These data are coupled with corresponding 187Re-187Os isotopic data reported by Walker et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2002] in order to constrain the nature and timing of chemical fractionation relating to these elements in the early solar system. The suite of chondrites examined displays considerable variations in absolute abundances of the HSE, and in the ratios of certain HSE. Absolute abundances of the HSE vary by nearly a factor of 80 among the chondrite groups, although most vary within a factor of only 2. Variations in concentration largely reflect heterogeneities in the sample aliquants. Different aliquants of the same chondrite may contain variable proportions of metal and/or refractory inclusions that are HSE-rich, and sulfides that are HSE-poor. The relatively low concentrations of the HSE in CI1 chondrites likely reflect dilution by the presence of volatile components. Carbonaceous chondrites have Re/Os ratios that are, on average, approximately 8% lower than ratios for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. This is also reflected in 187Os/188Os ratios that are approximately 3% lower for carbonaceous chondrites than for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. Given the similarly refractory natures of Re and Os, this fractionation may have occurred within a narrow range of high temperatures, during condensation of these elements from the solar nebula. Superimposed on this major fractionation are more modest movements of Re or Os that occurred within the last 0-2 Ga, as indicated by minor open-system behavior of the Re-Os isotope systematics of some chondrites. The relative abundances of other HSE can also be used to discriminate among the major classes of chondrites. For example, in comparison to the enstatite chondrites, carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites have distinctly lower ratios of Pd to the more refractory HSE (Re, Os, Ir, Ru and Pt). Differences are particularly well resolved for the EH chondrites that have Pd/Ir ratios that average more than 40% higher than for carbonaceous and ordinary chondrite classes. This fractionation probably occurred at lower temperatures, and may be associated with fractionation processes that also affected the major refractory lithophile elements. Combined, 187Os/188Os ratios and HSE ratios reflect unique early solar system processing of HSE for each major chondrite class. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Horan, M., Walker, R., Morgan, J.W., Grossman, J.N., and Rubin, A., 2003, Highly siderophile elements in chondrites: Chemical Geology, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9.","startPage":"5","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9"},{"id":234553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3149e4b0c8380cd5ddca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, A.E.","contributorId":99308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70026046,"text":"70026046 - 2003 - Atmospheric mercury emissions from mine wastes and surrounding geologically enriched terrains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70026046","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Atmospheric mercury emissions from mine wastes and surrounding geologically enriched terrains","docAbstract":"Waste rock and ore associated with Hg, precious and base metal mining, and their surrounding host rocks are typically enriched in mercury relative to natural background concentrations (<0.1 ??g Hg g-1). Mercury fluxes to the atmosphere from mineralized areas can range from background rates (0-15 ng m-2 h-1) to tens of thousands of ng m-2 h-1. Mercury enriched substrate constitutes a long-term source of mercury to the global atmospheric mercury pool. Mercury emissions from substrate are influenced by light, temperature, precipitation, and substrate mercury concentration, and occur during the day and night. Light-enhanced emissions are driven by two processes: desorption of elemental mercury accumulated at the soil:air interface, and photo reduction of mercury containing phases. To determine the need for and effectiveness of regulatory controls on short-lived anthropogenic point sources the contribution of mercury from geologic non-point sources to the atmospheric mercury pool needs to be quantified. The atmospheric mercury contribution from small areas of mining disturbance with relatively high mercury concentrations are, in general, less than that from surrounding large areas of low levels of mercury enrichment. In the arid to semi-arid west-ern United States volatilization is the primary means by which mercury is released from enriched sites.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","language":"English","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Gustin, M., Coolbaugh, M., Engle, M., Fitzgerald, B., Keislar, R., Lindberg, S., Nacht, D., Quashnick, J., Rytuba, J.J., Sladek, C., Zhang, H., and Zehner, R.E., 2003, Atmospheric mercury emissions from mine wastes and surrounding geologically enriched terrains, in Environmental Geology, v. 43, no. 3, p. 339-351.","startPage":"339","endPage":"351","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec3e4b0c8380cd49f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustin, M.S.","contributorId":101837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gustin","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coolbaugh, M.F.","contributorId":55034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coolbaugh","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engle, M.A. 0000-0001-5258-7374","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":55144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzgerald, B.C.","contributorId":36819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgerald","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keislar, R.E.","contributorId":31643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keislar","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lindberg, S.E.","contributorId":87354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindberg","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nacht, D.M.","contributorId":94561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nacht","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Quashnick, J.","contributorId":81769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quashnick","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rytuba, J. J.","contributorId":83082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sladek, C.","contributorId":25049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladek","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Zhang, H.","contributorId":50311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Zehner, R. E.","contributorId":67933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ]}