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This evaluation of the water resources on the Prairie Island Indian Reservation includes data collected from 8 surface-water sites and 22 wells during 1994–97 and historical data. The Mississippi River and the lakes and wetlands connected to it are separated from the Vermillion River and the lakes and wetlands connected to it by the surficial aquifer on Prairie Island and by Lock and Dam Number 3. These surface-water groups form hydrologic boundaries of the surficial aquifer. The aquifer is 130–200 feet thick, extends to bedrock (the Franconia Formation, which is also an aquifer), and is composed primarily of sand and gravel, but also contains thin, isolated lenses of finer-grained material. Flow in the surficial aquifer is normally from the Mississippi River to the Vermillion River (southwest). During spring snowmelt or heavy rains, a ground-water mound forms in the center of the study area and causes radial ground-water flow toward the surrounding surface waters.

\n

Surface- and ground-water quality was generally similar, but the median ground-water nitrate concentration was 3.6-times greater than that for surface water. Water samples were dominated by calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions, were usually oxygenated, and had a median dissolved solids concentration of 250 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Thirty-nine percent of groundwater samples showed evidence of anthropogenic nitrate. Most samples contained low concentrations of ammonia (less than 0.04 milligrams per liter as nitrogen). All 15 surface-water samples contained coliform or fecal streptococci bacteria, with 33 percent exceeding 100 colonies per milliliter. Two ground-water and two surface-water samples analyzed for trace metals contained natural concentrations except for one ground-water sample that contained 30 mg/L of lead (probably from a bullet). No volatile organic compounds were detected in 3 ground-water and 3 surface-water samples. Triazine herbicides and their degradation products were detected in one-half of the ground-water samples at concentrations below 1 microgram per liter (µg/L) except for one sample at 3 µg/L. Wells with initially high concentrations of nitrate or triazines continued to have high concentrations throughout the study. Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and monoaromatic chemicals were detected at low concentration (less than 89 micrograms per kilogram) in 4 samples of 1993 Mississippi River flood sediments deposited in the study area.

\n

Ground-water recharge dates based on chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations indicate that sampled ground water was young (less than 2 decades old) and that all tritium contained in samples from this study can be explained by atmospheric sources. Most historical tritium concentrations can also be explained by atmospheric sources through recharge from spatially and temporally constant precipitation and snowmelt. However, samples from three wells within 800 feet of the Prairie Island Nuclear Power Plant contained tritium at concentrations that cannot be explained by such atmospheric sources. These concentrations decline to that explainable by atmospheric sources within 800 feet of the wells. Many samples contained CFC-113 concentrations higher than that possible from equilibrium with the atmosphere. This CFC-113 contamination is presumably from Mississippi River recharge and complicated the recharge date estimates.

\n

The only surface-water constituents exceeding U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water standards was coliform or fecal streptococci bacteria, which was exceeded in all samples. Thirteen percent of ground-water samples exceeded the nitrate maximum contaminant level (MCL), but this is probably higher than the percentage of the aquifer exceeding the nitrate MCL because most of the wells sampled were shallow. Surface-water recharge to and ground-water discharge from the surficial aquifer influence the water quality in both the aquifer and the surrounding surface water. However, surface water probably influences ground-water quality more because of the greater amount of surface water flowing through the study area.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri994069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Prairie Island Dakota Community","usgsCitation":"Cowdery, T.K., 1999, Water resources of the Prairie Island Indian Reservation, Minnesota, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4069, Document: iv, 36 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994069.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 36 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_99_4069.jpg"},{"id":12248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/99-4069.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/Appendixes.xls"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Island Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.658333\n ],\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -92.6,\n 44.6\n ],\n [\n -92.6,\n 44.658333\n ],\n [\n -92.683333,\n 44.658333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f03e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowdery, Timothy K. 0000-0001-9402-6575 cowdery@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-6575","contributorId":456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"Timothy","email":"cowdery@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175472,"text":"wri994018CB - 1999 - Ground-water contamination by crude oil: Section B in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018CB","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","subchapterNumber":"B","title":"Ground-water contamination by crude oil: Section B in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70194891,"text":"70194891 - 1999 - Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","indexId":"70194891","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Overview of research on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":70194892,"text":"70194892 - 1999 - Tritium in water vapor in the shallow unsaturated zone at the Amargosa Desert Research Site","indexId":"70194892","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Tritium in water vapor in the shallow unsaturated zone at the Amargosa Desert Research Site"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":70194919,"text":"70194919 - 1999 - Isotopic composition of water in a deep unsaturated zone beside a radioactive-waste disposal area near Beatty, Nevada","indexId":"70194919","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Isotopic composition of water in a deep unsaturated zone beside a radioactive-waste disposal area near Beatty, Nevada"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":70194937,"text":"70194937 - 1999 - Soil respiration at the Amargosa Desert Research site: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","indexId":"70194937","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"title":"Soil respiration at the Amargosa Desert Research site: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":5},{"subject":{"id":70194938,"text":"70194938 - 1999 - Tritium and 14C concentrations in unsaturated-zone gases at test hole UZB-2, Amargosa Desert Research Site, 1994-98: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)>","indexId":"70194938","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Tritium and 14C concentrations in unsaturated-zone gases at test hole UZB-2, Amargosa Desert Research Site, 1994-98: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)","title":"Tritium and 14C concentrations in unsaturated-zone gases at test hole UZB-2, Amargosa Desert Research Site, 1994-98: A section in U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C) (WRI 99-4018C)>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":31024,"text":"wri994018C - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","indexId":"wri994018C","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)"},"id":6}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T22:04:21.937166","indexId":"wri994018C","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4018","chapter":"C","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C)","docAbstract":"

This report contains papers presented at the seventh Technical Meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Toxic Substances Hydrology (Toxics) Program. The meeting was held March 8-12, 1999, in Charleston, South Carolina. Toxics Program Technical Meetings are held periodically to provide a forum for presentation and discussion of results of recent research activities.

The objectives of these meetings are to:

The Proceedings is published in three volumes. Volume 1 contains papers that report on results of research on contamination from hard-rock mining. Results include research on contamination from hard rock mining in arid southwest alluvial basins, research on hard rock mining in mountainous terrain, and progress from the USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative. This Initiative is designed to develop a watershed-based approach to characterize and remediate contamination from abandoned mine lands and transfer technologies to Federal land management agencies and stakeholders.

Volume 2 contains papers on contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems. The papers discuss research on the response of estuarine ecosystems to contamination from human activities. They include research on San Francisco Bay; mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems; and investigation of the occurrence, distribution, and fate of agricultural chemicals in the Mississippi River Basin. This volume also contains results on development and reconnaissance testing of new methods to detect emerging contaminants in environmental samples.

Volume 3 contains papers on subsurface contamination from point sources. The papers discuss research on: hydrocarbons and fuel oxygenates at gasoline release sites; ground-water contamination by crude oil; complex contaminant mixtures from treated wastewater discharges; waste disposal and subsurface transport of contaminants in arid environments; ground water and surface water affected by municipal landfill leachate; natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents; and characterizing flow and transport in fractured rock aquifers.

In all, the more than 175 papers contained in this proceedings reflect the contributions of more than 350 scientists who are co-authors. These scientists are from across the USGS, as well as from universities, other Federal and State agencies, and industry.

","conferenceTitle":"Seventh Technical Meeting of the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","conferenceDate":"March 8-12, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri994018C","usgsCitation":"1999, U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program: Proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999: Volume 3 (Part C): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018, xvi, 845 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994018C.","productDescription":"xvi, 845 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466176,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22570.htm","text":"Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160774,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4018c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":350676,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wri994018A","text":"Volume 1 (Part A)"},{"id":369345,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4018c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":350677,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/wri994018B","text":"Volume 2 (Part B)"},{"id":421215,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22568.htm","text":"Natural restoration of a sewage plume in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466175,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22569.htm","text":"Determination of temporal and spatial variability of hydraulic gradients in an unconfined aquifer using three-point triangulation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db6234ed","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Morganwalp, David W. dwmorgan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morganwalp","given":"David","email":"dwmorgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725920,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725921,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":68693,"text":"ha743 - 1999 - Distribution of hydrogeologic units in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:07:48","indexId":"ha743","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"743","title":"Distribution of hydrogeologic units in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"

This report is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, which represents various local and county cooperators. The map in this report is part of a series of 1:100,000-scale maps that are being produced for the study. Other maps include structure-contour maps (altitudes of the tops of formations) for five formations that contain major aquifers in the study area, and potentiometric maps for these five major aquifers (the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers).
The study area consists of the topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas located in western South Dakota. The Black Hills area is an elongated, dome-shaped feature, about 125 miles long and 60 miles wide, which was uplifted during the Laramide orogeny (Feldman and Heimlich, 1980). The oldest geologic units in the study area are Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are exposed in the central core of the Black Hills. Surrounding the Precambrian core is a layered series of sedimentary rocks including limestones, sandstones, and shales that are exposed in roughly concentric rings around the uplifted flanks of the Black Hills. The bedrock sedimentary units typically dip away from the uplifted Black Hills at angles that approach or exceed 10 degrees near the outcrops, and decrease with distance from the uplift. Many of the sedimentary units contain aquifers, both within and beyond the study area. Recharge to these aquifers occurs from infiltration of precipitation upon the outcrops and, in some cases, from infiltration of streamflow (Hortness and Driscoll, 1998). Artesian conditions generally exist within these aquifers where an upper confining layer is present. Flowing wells and artesian springs that originate from confined aquifers are common around the periphery of the Black Hills.

","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha743","isbn":"0607930284","usgsCitation":"Strobel, M., Jarrell, G., Sawyer, J.F., Schleicher, J.R., and Fahrenbach, M.D., 1999, Distribution of hydrogeologic units in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 743, 2 maps :col. ;87 x 85 cm. and 97 x 86 cm., on sheets 122 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 data sheet (122 x 94 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ha743.","productDescription":"2 maps :col. ;87 x 85 cm. and 97 x 86 cm., on sheets 122 x 94 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. +1 data sheet (122 x 94 cm.)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ha743","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110135,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34269.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"34269"}],"scale":"100000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10.666666666666666,44 ], [ -10.666666666666666,44.75 ], [ -10.5,44.75 ], [ -10.5,44 ], [ -10.666666666666666,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strobel, Michael L.","contributorId":53002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobel","given":"Michael L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jarrell, Gregory J.","contributorId":27899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarrell","given":"Gregory J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, J. Foster","contributorId":80344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Foster","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schleicher, John R.","contributorId":84456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fahrenbach, Mark D.","contributorId":41087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahrenbach","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26537,"text":"wri984136 - 1999 - Hydrogeology of, water withdrawal from, and water levels and chloride concentrations in the major Coastal Plain aquifers of Gloucester and Salem Counties, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri984136","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4136","title":"Hydrogeology of, water withdrawal from, and water levels and chloride concentrations in the major Coastal Plain aquifers of Gloucester and Salem Counties, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Eight aquifers underlying Gloucester and Salem Counties in the southwestern Coastal Plain of New Jersey provide nearly all the drinking water for the 295,000 people who live in the area. Ground-water withdrawals in the two-county area and adjoining counties have affected water levels in several of these aquifers. Ground-water withdrawals in the two-county area also have affected the quality of water, increasing the chloride concentration in several of the aquifers as a result of saltwater intrusion. This report contains hydrologic data from the two-county area, including geometry and extent of hydrogeologic units, thickness and altitude of each aquifer, withdrawals from and water levels in major aquifers, and chloride concentrations in water from each aquifer.\r\n\r\nReported ground-water withdrawals in Gloucester and Salem Counties during 1975-95 averaged 7,800 Mgal/yr (million gallons per year) for public supply, 4,900 Mgal/yr for industrial use, 700 Mgal/yr for irrigation, 500 Mgal/yr for power plants, 50 Mgal/yr for commercial use, and about 40 Mgal/yr for mining. Withdrawals for domestic self-supply in 1994 are estimated to be about 2,600 Mgal/yr, but only about 20 percent (520 Mgal/yr) is thought to be consumptive use; the remainder is returned to the aquifer through septic systems. The most heavily used aquifer in Salem and Gloucester Counties is the Upper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, followed by, in decreasing order of use, the Middle Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer, the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, and the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer. Reported withdrawals from these aquifers during 1975-95 averaged 5,000, 3,700, 3,200, and 330 Mgal/yr, respectively. \r\n\r\nWithdrawals from the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in Gloucester County increased during 1993-96 because of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection restrictions on new withdrawals from the deeper Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system. Because of the increased rate of withdrawal, water-level altitudes in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in some parts of the two counties in 1996 were from 5 to 40 ft lower than water levels measured in 1993 and previous years, reaching a low of almost 40 ft below sea level in Washington Township, Gloucester County. Ground water in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers in the study area is withdrawn from the outcrop areas near the Delaware River downdip to the Glassboro vicinity. Water-level altitudes in 1993 in the three aquifers were near sea level in the outcrop areas near the Delaware River, but were as low as 80 ft below sea level in parts of Gloucester County that were affected by withdrawals in Camden County and were 20 to 60 ft below sea level near major withdrawal centers in the study area.\r\n\r\nChloride concentrations in water samples from selected wells in seven aquifers throughout Gloucester and Salem Counties have been monitored since 1949. These aquifers include the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system, the Vincentown and Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifers, the Englishtown aquifer system, and the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers. The results of chloride analyses of 4,221 samples from 496 wells indicate the extent and magnitude of saltwater intrusion in these aquifers, six of which have been affected to varying degrees by saltwater intrusion. The confined Piney Point aquifer and the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system show no measurable effects of saltwater intrusion in the study area. Chloride concentrations in water from selected public-supply wells screened in the Upper, Middle, and Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifers have increased over time in communities along the Delaware River and further inland in both Gloucester and Salem Counties. Elevated chloride concentrations in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system are widespread in this area but rarely exceed the drinking-water standard of 250 milligrams per liter.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984136","usgsCitation":"Cauller, S., Carleton, G., and Storck, M., 1999, Hydrogeology of, water withdrawal from, and water levels and chloride concentrations in the major Coastal Plain aquifers of Gloucester and Salem Counties, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4136, vii, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984136.","productDescription":"vii, 123 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_98_4136.bmp"},{"id":14482,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4136/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cauller, S.J. 0000-0002-1823-8813","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-8813","contributorId":79494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cauller","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carleton, G.B.","contributorId":107729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carleton","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storck, M.J.","contributorId":99187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storck","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23026,"text":"ofr99537 - 1999 - Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T19:43:02","indexId":"ofr99537","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-537","displayTitle":"Analytical Results for 35 Mine-Waste Tailings Cores and Six Bed-Sediment Samples, and An Estimate of the Volume of Contaminated Material at Buckeye Meadow on Upper Basin Creek, Northern Jefferson County, Montana","title":"Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana","docAbstract":"

Metal-mining related wastes in the Boulder River basin study area in northern Jefferson County, Montana have been implicated in their detrimental effects on water quality with regard to acid-generation and toxic-metal solubilization. Flotation-mill tailings in the meadow below the Buckeye mine, hereafter referred to as the Buckeye mill-tailings site, have been identified as significant contributors to water quality degradation of Basin Creek, Montana. Basin Creek is one of three tributaries to the Boulder River in the study area; bed sediments and waters draining from the Buckeye mine have also been implicated. Geochemical analysis of 35 tailings cores and six bed-sediment samples was undertaken to determine the concentrations of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Pb,and Zn present in these materials. These elements are environmentally significant, in that they can be toxic to fish and/or the invertebrate organisms that constitute their food. A suite of one-inch cores of dispersed flotation-mill tailings and underlying premining material was taken from a large, flat area north of Basin Creek near the site of the Buckeye mine. Thirty-five core samples were taken and divided into 204 subsamples. The samples were analyzed by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy) using a mixed-acid digestion. Results of the core analyses show that the elements listed above are present at moderate to very high concentrations (arsenic to 63,000 ppm, silver to 290 ppm, cadmium to 370 ppm, copper to 4,800 ppm, lead to 93,000 ppm, and zinc to 23,000 ppm). Volume calculations indicate that an estimated 8,400 metric tons of contaminated material are present at the site. Six bed-sediment samples were also subjected to the mixed-acid total digestion, and a warm (50°C) 2M HCl-1% H2O2 leach and analyzed by ICP-AES. Results indicate that bed sediments of Basin Creek are only slightly impacted by past mining above the Buckeye-Enterprise complex, moderately impacted at the upper (eastern) end of the tailings area, and heavily impacted at the lower (western) end of the area and downstream. The metals are mostly contained in the 2M HCl-1% H2O2 leachable phase, which are the hydrous amorphous iron- and manganese-hydroxide coatings on detrital sediment particles.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/ofr99537","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Fey, D.L., Church, S.E., and Finney, C.J., 1999, Analytical results for 35 mine-waste tailings cores and six bed sediment samples, and an estimate of the volume of contaminated materials at Buckeye meadow on upper Basin Creek, northern Jefferson County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-537, Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99537.","productDescription":"Report: 59 p.; 5 Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340624,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table8.xls","text":"Table 8","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8","linkHelpText":"- Total-digestion from residues following 2M HCl-1%H2O2 leach of bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340620,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table4.xls","text":"Table 4","size":"46 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 4","linkHelpText":"- Field Numbers, depths to midpoints of intervals, and interval sample descriptions for cores from Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":341919,"rank":8,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0537/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340623,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table7.xls","text":"Table 7","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 7","linkHelpText":"- Partial-digestion (2M HCl-1% H2O2) concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":340622,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table6.xls","text":"Table 6","size":"16.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 6","linkHelpText":"- Total-digestion concentration data from bed-sediment samples near Buckeye flotation tailings, upper Basin Creek, Montana"},{"id":52407,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":155319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340621,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0537/ofr19990537_table5.xls","text":"Table 5","size":"77.5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 5","linkHelpText":"- Concentration data for total digestions of tailings core samples by ICP-AES, upper Basin Creek, Montana"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Basin Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.34313560260196\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.34313560260196\n ],\n [\n -111.79412841796875,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.5720787149159\n ],\n [\n -112.4066162109375,\n 46.34313560260196\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Center Director, Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 973
Denver, CO 80225

","tableOfContents":"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67caac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fey, David L. dfey@usgs.gov","contributorId":713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fey","given":"David","email":"dfey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":189303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Church, Stan E. schurch@usgs.gov","contributorId":803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Stan","email":"schurch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finney, Christopher J.","contributorId":61853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finney","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22977,"text":"ofr99534 - 1999 - pick_xwell, a program for interactive picking of crosswell seismic and radar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T19:38:35","indexId":"ofr99534","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-534","title":"pick_xwell, a program for interactive picking of crosswell seismic and radar data","docAbstract":"
Program 'pick_xwell' is used to interactively pick travel times in \ncrosswell seismic and radar data. In addition, the traces and the\ntravel times can be plotted on the computer screen or printed to a \nfile in postscript format. The program is written in the IDL \nprogramming language, and it is executed, in command-line mode, within \nthe IDL program. The IDL program must be run from an X-window \nterminal that is connected to a computer with the Unix operating \nsystem. The data must be in the SU format.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr99534","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ellefsen, K., 1999, pick_xwell, a program for interactive picking of crosswell seismic and radar data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-534, HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99534.","productDescription":"HTML","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1411,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0534/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478be4b07f02db487f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefsen, K.J. 0000-0003-3075-4703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":12061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22304,"text":"ofr99271 - 1999 - Geologic and hydrologic data for the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T20:39:14.063982","indexId":"ofr99271","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-271","title":"Geologic and hydrologic data for the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas","docAbstract":"Geologic and hydrologic data for the Municipal Solid Waste \r\nLandfill Facility on the U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and \r\nFort Bliss in El Paso County, Texas, were collected by the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the \r\nArmy. The 106.03-acre landfill has been in operation since January \r\n1974. The landfill contains household refuse, Post solid \r\nwastes, bulky items, grass and tree trimmings from family \r\nhousing, refuse from litter cans, construction debris, classified \r\nwaste (dry), dead animals, asbestos, and empty oil cans. The \r\ndepth of the filled areas is about 30 feet and the cover, consisting \r\nof locally derived material, is 2 to 3 feet thick.\r\n\r\nGeologic and hydrologic data were collected at or adjacent to \r\nthe landfill during (1) drilling of 10 30- to 31-foot boreholes \r\nthat were completed with gas-monitoring probes, (2) drilling of \r\na 59-foot borehole, (3) drilling of a 355-foot borehole that was \r\ncompleted as a ground-water monitoring well, and (4) in situ \r\nmeasurements made on the landfill cover. After completion, the gas-\r\nmonitoring probes were monitored on a quarterly basis (1 year \r\ntotal) for gases generated by the landfill. Water samples were \r\ncollected from the ground-water monitoring well for chemical \r\nanalysis.\r\n\r\nData collection is divided into two elements: geologic data \r\nand hydrologic data. Geologic data include lithologic \r\ndescriptions of cores and cuttings, geophysical logs, soil-\r\ngas and ambient-air analyses, and chemical analyses of soil. \r\nHydrologic data include physical properties, total organic carbon, \r\nand pH of soil and sediment samples; soil-water chloride and \r\nsoil-moisture analyses; physical properties of the landfill cover; \r\nmeasurements of depth to ground water; and ground-water chemical \r\nanalyses. Interpretation of data is not included in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99271","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., and Frenzel, P.F., 1999, Geologic and hydrologic data for the municipal solid waste landfill facility, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso County, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-271, v, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99271.","productDescription":"v, 76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403101,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51721,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":51720,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0271/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","otherGeospatial":"Fort Bliss","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.397,\n 31.876\n ],\n [\n -106.388,\n 31.876\n ],\n [\n -106.388,\n 31.885\n ],\n [\n -106.397,\n 31.885\n ],\n [\n -106.397,\n 31.876\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a81d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frenzel, P. F.","contributorId":98726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29306,"text":"wri984152 - 1999 - Vulnerability of ground water in the Tokio and Warwick aquifers to surface contamination, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T19:26:42.097529","indexId":"wri984152","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4152","title":"Vulnerability of ground water in the Tokio and Warwick aquifers to surface contamination, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota","docAbstract":"

The vulnerability of ground water in the Tokio and Warwick aquifers to surface contamination was evaluated using existing hydrologic, climatic, geologic, topographic, and land-use/land-cover data and geographic information system procedures. The aquifers underlie parts of the Fort Totten Indian Reservation in northeastern North Dakota. The vulnerability was evaluated using vertical hydraulic leakance, depth to water, hydraulic conductivity, land use/land cover, land-surface slope, hydrologic sinks, and drainage basin areas. Data were discretized using a land-surface altitude grid divided into 50-foot-square cells. Vertical hydraulic leakance was determined by combining data from ring-permeameter and slug tests, land-use/land-cover data were obtained from data sets, and land-surface slope and hydrologic sinks were calculated from land-surface altitude data.

The vulnerability of ground water in the Tokio and Warwick aquifers to surface contamination is high in terms of land use/land cover and land-surface slope. The land surface of the Warwick aquifer also has numerous hydrologic sinks that result in areas of increased vulnerability of ground water to surface contamination.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984152","usgsCitation":"Reed, T., 1999, Vulnerability of ground water in the Tokio and Warwick aquifers to surface contamination, Fort Totten Indian Reservation, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4152, iii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984152.","productDescription":"iii, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406171,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19410.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159265,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4152/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95757,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4152/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Fort Totten Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.526,\n 47.782\n ],\n [\n -98.949,\n 47.782\n ],\n [\n -98.949,\n 47.95\n ],\n [\n -98.526,\n 47.95\n ],\n [\n -98.526,\n 47.782\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Thomas B.","contributorId":76704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24111,"text":"ofr99243 - 1999 - Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T20:30:11.944529","indexId":"ofr99243","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-243","title":"Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97","docAbstract":"

This report summarizes in table format 32 aquatic vertebrate (primarily fish), 54 aquatic invertebrate, and 13 aquatic plant studies available for the area of the South-Central Texas study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment. The studies, published mostly during 1973–97, pertain to the Guadalupe, San Antonio, and Nueces River Basins, the San Antonio-Nueces and Nueces-Rio Grande Coastal Basins, and the Edwards aquifer where it underlies the upper parts of the three river basins. The biology of the study-unit streams is determined mostly by the characteristics of the ecoregions they transect—the Edwards Plateau, Texas Blackland Prairies, East Central Texas Plains, Western Gulf Coastal Plain, and Southern Texas Plains.

About 20 percent of the previous fish and invertebrate studies and about 75 percent of the aquatic plant surveys have centered on Comal Springs in Comal County and San Marcos Springs in Hays County. Although several important studies are available for the San Antonio region, documentation of aquatic biology for the remainder of the study unit is relatively sparse. The streams in the study unit, particularly in the Edwards Plateau, support three dominant biological groups—fish, aquatic invertebrates, and plants. Potential threats to these organisms include impoundments and flood-control projects, siltation from erosion, ground-water pumping, recreational activities, wastewater discharge, and introduction of non-native species. More than 30 non-native fish, invertebrate, and plant species have been introduced into the region. Of the 19 aquatic species Federally listed as endangered or threatened in Texas, 8 are associated with springs and spring runs in the study unit. All of the endangered species in the study unit are associated with springs and spring runs.

A large number of endemic species in the study unit are associated with subterranean aquatic ecosystems, most likely a consequence of the unique proximity of the varied topographic and hydrologic conditions of the area and of the geological development of the Edwards aquifer. Ninety-one endemics, including 44 species found solely underground, are associated with the aquatic ecosystems (including springs) of the Edwards aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99243","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ourso, R.T., and Hornig, C., 1999, Stream and aquifer biology of south-central Texas — A literature review, 1973-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-243, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99243.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1772,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-243","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392880,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22916.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.5,\n 27.567\n ],\n [\n -98.617,\n 27.567\n ],\n [\n -98.617,\n 30.183\n ],\n [\n -102.5,\n 30.183\n ],\n [\n -102.5,\n 27.567\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a51db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornig, C. E.","contributorId":100423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornig","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23490,"text":"ofr9969 - 1999 - Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T13:43:38.522197","indexId":"ofr9969","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-69","title":"Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices","docAbstract":"

The Gillespie Lakes system serves as a drinking water source for the town of Gillespie, Illinois, and is a major recreational focus for the area. As part of an investigation of a concern that the lakes are being adversely affected by excessive sediment and nutrient in flows, this report presents hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient budgets for Old Gillespie Lake and New Gillespie Lake, calculated by the U.S. Geological Survey with data collected during May 1996-April 1997 in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and the city of Gillespie, Illinois. Bathymetric data also were collected in the two lakes to produce maps of the lake bed elevations. The influx of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into Old Gillespie Lake during the study period was 4,063, 6.02, and 52.3 tons, respectively. Old Gillespie Lake retained 92 percent of the inflowing sediment (which agrees with theoretical calculations of trapping efficiency for Old Gillespie Lake), 84 percent of the inflowing phosphorus, and 87 percent of the inflowing nitrogen. The influx of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into New Gillespie Lake during the study period was 4,792, 7.56, and 64.3 tons, respectively. Old Gillespie Lake retained 95 percent of the inflowing sediment (which agrees with theoretical calculations of trapping efficiency for New Gillespie Lake), 82 percent of the inflowing phosphorus, and 81 percent of the inflowing nitrogen. The loads per area of phosphorus and nitrogen to the Gillespie Lakes were 1.06 tons/mi2 and 9.26 tons/mi2, respectively. For row crops of corn and soybeans, the literature reports ranges of loads per area of phosphorus of 0.15 to 1.43 tons/mi2 and of nitrogen of 0.86 to 11.43 tons/mi2. Therefore, loads to the Gillespie Lakes are relatively high for the given cropping practices, and application of best management practices may substantially reduce the per area loads of these nutrients. Considering these loads and retention of sediment and nutrients, a review of basic lake management practices is presented and discussed. This review is presented to assist lake managers in the achievement of lake water-quality goals.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9969","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Johnson, G.P., 1999, Water sediment, and nutrient budgets, and bathymetric survey of Old and New Gillespie Lakes, Macoupin County, Illinois, May 1996-April 1997; with a discussion of lake-management practices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-69, v, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9969.","productDescription":"v, 62 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":388512,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23157.htm"},{"id":1568,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=OFR&number=99-69","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52790,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0069/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Macoupin County","otherGeospatial":"Old and New Gillespie Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.12992708163278\n ],\n [\n -89.84481811523438,\n 39.12992708163278\n ],\n [\n -89.84481811523438,\n 39.16533890071654\n ],\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.16533890071654\n ],\n [\n -89.90507125854492,\n 39.12992708163278\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f01ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Gary P. 0000-0003-0363-9873 gjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-9873","contributorId":2959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"gjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":190195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68523,"text":"ha744D - 1999 - Altitude of the top of the Madison Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T18:50:49.444513","indexId":"ha744D","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"744","chapter":"D","title":"Altitude of the top of the Madison Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"

This map is a product of the Black Hills Hydrology Study, which was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and groundwater in the Black Hills area of South Dakota (Driscoll, 1992). This long-term study is a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the West Dakota Water Development District, which represents various local and county cooperators. This map is part of a series of 1:100,000-scale maps for the study. The maps include a hydrogeologic map, structure-contour maps (altitudes of the tops of formations) for five formations that contain major aquifers in the study area, and potentiometric maps for these five major aquifers (the Inyan Kara, Minnekahta, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood aquifers).
The study area consists of the topographically defined Black Hills and adjacent areas located in western South Dakota. The Black Hills area is an elongated, dome-shaped feature, about 125 miles long and 60 miles wide, which was uplifted during the Laramide orogeny (Feldman and Heimlich, 1980). The oldest geologic units in the study arca arc Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are exposed in the central core of the Black Hills. Surrounding the Precambrian core is a layered series of sedimentary rocks including limestones, sandstones, and shales that are exposed in roughly concentric rings around the uplifted flanks of the Black Hills. The bedrock sedimentary units typically dip away from the uplifted Black Hills at angles that approach or exceed 10 degrees near the outcrops, and decrease with distance from the uplift. Many of the sedimentary units contain aquifers, both within and beyond the study area. Recharge to these aquifers occurs from infiltration of precipitation upon the outcrops and, in some cases, from infiltration of streamflow (Hortness and Driscoll, 1998). Artesian conditions generally exist within these aquifers where an upper confining layer is present. Flowing wells and artesian springs that originate from confined aquifers are common around the periphery of the Black Hills.
The purpose of this map is to show the altitude of the top (structure contours) of the Madison Limestone within the area of the Black Hills Hydrology Study. The depth to the top of the Madison Limestone can be estimated at a specific site by subtracting the altitude of the top of the formation from the topographic elevation. However, caution is urged in determining the depth to the top of the formation in areas on the map where the contours are approximately located.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha744D","usgsCitation":"Carter, J.M., and Redden, J., 1999, Altitude of the top of the Madison Limestone in the Black Hills area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 744, 2 Plates: 36.50 x 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha744D.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 36.50 x 48.00 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420378,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25584.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":90120,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/744d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":185538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":90121,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/744d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.05,\n 44.778\n ],\n [\n -104.05,\n 43.132\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 43.132\n ],\n [\n -103,\n 44.778\n ],\n [\n -104.05,\n 44.778\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686a5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473 jmcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet","email":"jmcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":278394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redden, Jack A.","contributorId":107347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redden","given":"Jack A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":278395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22899,"text":"ofr99213 - 1999 - Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-02T19:58:06.583871","indexId":"ofr99213","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-213","title":"Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland","docAbstract":"The Gwynns Falls watershed has been selected as the primary study area for the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, as part of the National Science Foundation?s Long-Term Ecological Research program. Because the Baltimore Ecosystem Study will be investigating long-term hydrologic changes in the Gwynns Falls watershed, a compilation of existing data resources for the watershed is necessary. \r\n\r\nThis report discusses hydrologic characteristics and presents a compilation of historical data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed. Tables are presented that list active and discontinued continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations, nontidal crest-stage partial-record stations, low-flow partial-record stations, and water-quality partial-record stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, Maryland-Delaware-D. C. District, in the Gwynns Falls watershed. Statistics regarding the number of inventoried ground-water wellsin or bordering the Gwynns Falls watershed also are presented. A summary of additional data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed is provided. This includes (1) an inventory of selected U.S. Geological Survey studies and reports that contain historical data or basin characteristics for streams in the watershed, (2) a listing of indirect flood-discharge measurements that have been made at several monitoring stations in the watershed, (3) a brief discussion of channel-stability and bridge-scour data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the watershed during 1990?95, (4) a listing of climatological data stations in the watershed and in the surrounding regional area, and (5) a listing of other selected reports that include data or information on the Gwynns Falls watershed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99213","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Doheny, E.J., 1999, Index of hydrologic characteristics and data resources for the Gwynns Falls watershed, Baltimore County and Baltimore City, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-213, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99213.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1362,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr99-213/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":392398,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22763.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Baltimore County","city":"Baltimore","otherGeospatial":"Gwynns Falls watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.193948213963665\n ],\n [\n -76.5802001953125,\n 39.193948213963665\n ],\n [\n -76.5802001953125,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -77.04711914062499,\n 39.193948213963665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0ddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doheny, Edward J. 0000-0002-6043-3241 ejdoheny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-3241","contributorId":4495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doheny","given":"Edward","email":"ejdoheny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":189098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27822,"text":"wri994052 - 1999 - Public Water-Supply Systems and Associated Water Use in Tennessee, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:15","indexId":"wri994052","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4052","title":"Public Water-Supply Systems and Associated Water Use in Tennessee, 1995","docAbstract":"An inventory of public water-supply systems in Tennessee in 1995 indicated that 530 public water-supply systems supplied water to 4.42 million people, or 84 percent of Tennessee's population. Public-supply water withdrawals totaled 779 million gallons per day, 64 percent (500 million gallons per day) of which was from surface-water sources. All of the surface-water withdrawals for public-water supply took place within the Tennessee (279 million gallons per day) and the Ohio (221 million gallons per day) hydrologic regions. Ground-water withdrawals statewide accounted for 36 percent (279 million gallons per day) of the total public-supply water withdrawal. Ground water is the sole source of public-supply water in the Lower Mississippi hydrologic region of western Tennessee. Public water-supply systems in western Tennessee withdrew 216 million gallons per day, or 77 percent, of the 279 million gallons per day of ground water withdrawn for public supply statewide.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri994052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Supply","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., 1999, Public Water-Supply Systems and Associated Water Use in Tennessee, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4052, iv, 91 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994052.","productDescription":"iv, 91 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95672,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4052/report.pdf","size":"5050","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1999/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":10566,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri99-4052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,35 ], [ -90,37 ], [ -81,37 ], [ -81,35 ], [ -90,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db656008","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24889,"text":"ofr99184 - 1999 - Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T19:06:04","indexId":"ofr99184","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-184","title":"Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface","docAbstract":"

This report describes enhancements to a Graphical-User Interface (GUI) for MODFLOW-96, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) modular, three-dimensional, finitedifference ground-water flow model, and MOC3D, the USGS three-dimensional, method-ofcharacteristics solute-transport model. The GUI is a plug-in extension (PIE) for the commercial program Argus ONEe. The GUI has been modified to support MODPATH (a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW), ZONEBDGT (a computer program for calculating subregional water budgets), and the Stream, Horizontal-Flow Barrier, and Flow and Head Boundary packages in MODFLOW. Context-sensitive help has been added to make the GUI easier to use and to understand. In large part, the help consists of quotations from the relevant sections of this report and its predecessors. The revised interface includes automatic creation of geospatial information layers required for the added programs and packages, and menus and dialog boxes for input of parameters for simulation control. The GUI creates formatted ASCII files that can be read by MODFLOW-96, MOC3D, MODPATH, and ZONEBDGT. All four programs can be executed within the Argus ONEe application (Argus Interware, Inc., 1997). Spatial results of MODFLOW-96, MOC3D, and MODPATH can be visualized within Argus ONEe. Results from ZONEBDGT can be visualized in an independent program that can also be used to view budget data from MODFLOW, MOC3D, and SUTRA. Another independent program extracts hydrographs of head or drawdown at individual cells from formatted MODFLOW head and drawdown files. A web-based tutorial on the use of MODFLOW with Argus ONE has also been updated. The internal structure of the GUI has been modified to make it possible for advanced users to easily customize the GUI. Two additional, independent PIEs were developed to allow users to edit the positions of nodes and to facilitate exporting the grid geometry to external programs.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99184","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Winston, R., 1999, Upgrade to MODFLOW-GUI; addition of MODPATH, ZONEBDGT, and additional MODFLOW packages to the U.S. Geological Survey MODFLOW-96 Graphical-User Interface: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-184, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99184.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0184/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow-gui/mfgui_30.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60e6b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winston, R.B.","contributorId":32950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winston","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1102,"text":"wsp2498 - 1999 - Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens counties, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T19:25:21","indexId":"wsp2498","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2498","title":"Ground-water resources of Kings and Queens counties, Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"From 1981 through 1986, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the ground-water system of western Long Island, New York, including Kings and Queens counties. This report describes the structure and operation of the western part of the Long Island ground-water system, and the hydrologic effects associated with human development from 1900 to the early 1980's. 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Jr.","contributorId":20367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whiteman","given":"C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21676,"text":"ofr98635 - 1999 - The climatic and hydrologic history of southern Nevada during the Late Quaternary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr98635","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-635","title":"The climatic and hydrologic history of southern Nevada during the Late Quaternary","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98635","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Forester, R.M., Bradbury, J., Carter, C., Elvidge-Tuma, A.B., Hemphill, M., Lundstrom, S., Mahan, S., Marshall, B., Neymark, L., Paces, J., Sharpe, S., Whelan, J.F., and Wigand, P., 1999, The climatic and hydrologic history of southern Nevada during the Late Quaternary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-635, vi, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98635.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0635/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51217,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0635/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668bcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forester, R. M.","contributorId":76332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forester","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, C.","contributorId":96293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elvidge-Tuma, A. B.","contributorId":42992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elvidge-Tuma","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hemphill, M.L.","contributorId":98351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemphill","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lundstrom, S.C.","contributorId":53410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lundstrom","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mahan, S. A. 0000-0001-5214-7774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":94333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marshall, B.D.","contributorId":19581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Neymark, L.A. 0000-0003-4190-0278","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-0278","contributorId":56673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neymark","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Paces, J.B. 0000-0002-9809-8493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":27482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sharpe, S.E.","contributorId":25190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wigand, P.E.","contributorId":83151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigand","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":22890,"text":"ofr99251 - 1999 - Water-quality, bed-sediment and biological data (October 1997 through September 1998) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T18:51:49.790258","indexId":"ofr99251","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-251","title":"Water-quality, bed-sediment and biological data (October 1997 through September 1998) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99251","usgsCitation":"Dodge, K.A., Hornberger, M.I., and Bouse, R.M., 1999, Water-quality, bed-sediment and biological data (October 1997 through September 1998) and statistical summaries of data for streams in the upper Clark Fork basin, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-251, iv, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99251.","productDescription":"iv, 102 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154215,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52296,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":406995,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22687.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Clark Fork basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -112.4764,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -112.4764,\n 46.9028\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46.9028\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodge, K. A.","contributorId":40615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22711,"text":"ofr99255 - 1999 - Basic Requirements for Collecting, Documenting, and Reporting Precipitation and Stormwater-Flow Measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:14","indexId":"ofr99255","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-255","title":"Basic Requirements for Collecting, Documenting, and Reporting Precipitation and Stormwater-Flow Measurements","docAbstract":"Accurate and representative precipitation and stormwater-flow data are crucial for use of highway- or urban-runoff study results, either individually or in a regional or national synthesis of stormwater-runoff data. Equally important is information on the level of accuracy and representativeness of this precipitation and stormwaterflow data. Accurate and representative measurements of precipitation and stormwater flow, however, are difficult to obtain because of the rapidly changing spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and flows during a storm. Many hydrologic and hydraulic factors must be considered in performing the following: selecting sites for measuring precipitation and stormwater flow that will provide data that adequately meet the objectives and goals of the study, determining frequencies and durations of data collection to fully characterize the storm and the rapidly changing stormwater flows, and selecting methods that will yield accurate data over the full range of both rainfall intensities and stormwater flows.\r\n\r\nTo ensure that the accuracy and representativeness of precipitation and stormwater-flow data can be evaluated, decisions as to (1) where in the drainage system precipitation and stormwater flows are measured, (2) how frequently precipitation and stormwater flows are measured, (3) what methods are used to measure precipitation and stormwater flows, and (4) on what basis are these decisions made, must all be documented and communicated in an accessible format, such as a project description report, a data report or an appendix to a technical report, and (or) archived in a State or national records center.\r\n\r\nA quality assurance/quality control program must be established to ensure that this information is documented and reported, and that decisions made in the design phase of a study are continually reviewed, internally and externally, throughout the study. Without the supporting data needed to evaluate the accuracy and representativeness of the precipitation and stormwater-flow measurements, the data collected and interpretations made may have little meaning.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr99255","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (A Contribution to the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis)","usgsCitation":"Church, P.E., Granato, G., and Owens, D., 1999, Basic Requirements for Collecting, Documenting, and Reporting Precipitation and Stormwater-Flow Measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-255, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99255.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9506,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648797","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Peter E.","contributorId":99178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, David W. dwowens@usgs.gov","contributorId":3745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"David W.","email":"dwowens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":676,"text":"Wisconsin Water Resource Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70069335,"text":"70069335 - 1999 - Water professionals and water policy in the Black Hills region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:24:17","indexId":"70069335","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T16:07:54","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Water professionals and water policy in the Black Hills region","docAbstract":"A case study approach based on examples from the Black Hills region is used to evaluate the role of water professionals in developing feasible and fair public policy involving water resources. Examples presented include a long-term hydrologic investigation in the Black Hills, a local wellhead protection program, issues being addressed by a local flood management commission, coordination of definitions of beneficial stream uses by two state agencies, water-quality problems related to rapid population increase in a rural area, and impacts of potential climate change on water resources. In some of these examples, the hydrologic work was separated from policy making to ensure neutrality. In other examples, involvement of the hydrologists and water resource engineers directly benefited policy development. Opportunities for increased effectiveness were observed in most of the examples.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science into policy: water in the public realm: proceedings, specialty conference, June 30-July 2, 1999, Bozeman, Montana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Science into policy: water in the public realm","conferenceDate":"June 30-July 2, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Bozeman, MT","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Fontaine, T., Driscoll, D., Erickson, J., Kenner, S., and Sawyer, J., 1999, Water professionals and water policy in the Black Hills region, in Science into policy: water in the public realm: proceedings, specialty conference, June 30-July 2, 1999, Bozeman, Montana, Bozeman, MT, June 30-July 2, 1999, p. 15-20.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":280929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.7766,43.2492 ], [ -104.7766,44.8013 ], [ -103.244,44.8013 ], [ -103.244,43.2492 ], [ -104.7766,43.2492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7c1fe4b0b2908510e89b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kendy, Eloise","contributorId":18676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendy","given":"Eloise","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509693,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fontaine, T.A.","contributorId":81795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, D.G.","contributorId":27081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Erickson, J.W.","contributorId":55739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kenner, S.J.","contributorId":54882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sawyer, J.F.","contributorId":38363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70164483,"text":"70164483 - 1999 - Sediment chronology in San Francisco Bay, California, defined by 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 239,340Pu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-04T14:39:56","indexId":"70164483","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment chronology in San Francisco Bay, California, defined by 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 239,340Pu","docAbstract":"

Sediment chronologies based on radioisotope depth profiles were developed at two sites in the San Francisco Bay estuary to provide a framework for interpreting historical trends in organic compound and metal contaminant inputs. At Richardson Bay near the estuary mouth, sediments are highly mixed by biological and/or physical processes. Excess \"Full-size penetration ranged from 2 to more than 10 cm at eight coring sites, yielding surface sediment mixing coefficients ranging from 12 to 170 cm2/year. At the site chosen for contaminant analyses, excess \"Full-size activity was essentially constant over the upper 25 cm of the core with an exponential decrease below to the supported activity between 70 and 90 cm. Both \"Full-size and \"Full-size penetrated to 57-cm depth and have broad subsurface maxima between 33 and 41 cm. The best fit of the excess \"Full-size profile to a steady state sediment accumulation and mixing model yielded an accumulation rate of 0.825 g/cm2/year (0.89 cm/year at sediment surface), surface mixing coefficient of 71 cm2/year, and 33-cm mixed zone with a half-Gaussian depth dependence parameter of 9 cm. Simulations of \"Full-size and \"Full-size profiles using these parameters successfully predicted the maximum depth of penetration and the depth of maximum \"Full-size and \"Full-size activity. Profiles of successive 1-year hypothetical contaminant pulses were generated using this parameter set to determine the age distribution of sediments at any depth horizon. Because of mixing, sediment particles with a wide range of deposition dates occur at each depth. A sediment chronology was derived from this age distribution to assign the minimum age of deposition and a date of maximum deposition to a depth horizon. The minimum age of sediments in a given horizon is used to estimate the date of first appearance of a contaminant from its maximum depth of penetration. The date of maximum deposition is used to estimate the peak year of input for a contaminant from the depth interval with the highest concentration of that contaminant. Because of the extensive mixing, sediment-bound constituents are rapidly diluted with older material after deposition. In addition, contaminants persist in the mixed zone for many years after deposition. More than 75 years are required to bury 90% of a deposited contaminant below the mixed zone. Reconstructing contaminant inputs is limited to changes occurring on a 20-year time scale. In contrast, mixing is much lower relative to accumulation at a site in San Pablo Bay. Instead, periods of rapid deposition and/or erosion occurred as indicated by frequent sand-silt laminae in the X-radiograph. \"Full-size, \"Full-size, and excess \"Full-size activity all penetrated to about 120 cm. The distinct maxima in the fallout radionuclides at 105–110 cm yielded overall linear sedimentation rates of 3.9 to 4.1 cm/year, which are comparable to a rate of 4.5±1.5 cm/year derived from the excess \"Full-size profile.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00081-4","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., van Geen, A., Baskaran, M., and Anima, R., 1999, Sediment chronology in San Francisco Bay, California, defined by 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 239,340Pu: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 7-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00081-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.82605669492651\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.88786039168385\n ],\n [\n -122.42752075195314,\n 37.88786039168385\n ],\n [\n -122.42752075195314,\n 37.82605669492651\n ],\n [\n -122.508544921875,\n 37.82605669492651\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b9ca8ee4b08d617f63a868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Geen, Alexander","contributorId":36876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Geen","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baskaran, M.","contributorId":96627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baskaran","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70206830,"text":"70206830 - 1999 - The ecological condition of estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-22T17:52:46","indexId":"70206830","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-31T17:40:53","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5883,"text":"Cooperator Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"620-R-98-004","title":"The ecological condition of estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"

The Gulf of Mexico is a vast natural resource encompassing the coastal areas of western Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, as well as a portion of Mexico. Many estuaries flow into the Gulf of Mexico and serve as nursery grounds for fish, habitat for a wide variety of wildlife, shipping routes, and a source of recreation. Estuarine-dependent species constitute more than 95 percent of the commercial fishery harvests from the Gulf of Mexico, and many important recreational fishery species depend on estuaries during some part of their life cycle. Gulf estuaries are diverse and productive ecosystems that provide a variety of valuable resources, including fish and shellfish, recreation, transportation, and water supply.

Assessing the overall condition of Gulf of Mexico estuaries required incorporating data from other federal, state, and local monitoring programs to augment the information on ecological indicators collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). The resulting document would provide a synthesis of the available knowledge about the condition of Gulf of Mexico estuaries. This document is intended for use by scientists and other citizens concerned with the ecological condition of estuaries, as well as by managers and lawmakers interested in the sustained use of estuaries for commercial and recreational purposes. It also addresses public concerns about the aesthetic quality of coastal areas vital to tourism and recreation. By producing this report on the ecological condition of estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico, we have taken one step in assessing the health of this environmental resource. We have produced an environmental “report card” to be used as a guide in the evaluation of management decisions and research directions.

This report is organized in three parts: (1) an introduction that gives background information on the Gulf of Mexico, estuarine ecology, and the factors that impact estuaries in the gulf, (2) the main section on priority ecological indicators used to measure the condition of estuaries in the gulf and (3) an ecological report card that summarizes the data on ecological indicators and provides a rating of the condition of estuaries in each gulf state and for gulf estuaries overall. Many of the ratings were based on the percent area of estuaries in each state exhibiting degraded or adverse levels of an indicator.

Eutrophication, a condition of high nutrients often resulting in low oxygen levels and other adverse effects, is an important water quality concern for estuaries along the gulf coast. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has compared the Gulf of Mexico to other coastal regions like the middle Atlantic and has ranked the Gulf of Mexico as having the highest number of point sources of nutrients and the highest percentage of land use devoted to agriculture. We evaluated monitoring data for nitrogen, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen as indicators of eutrophication. Although most of the estuaries exhibited high nitrogen or chlorophyll or low dissolved oxygen concentrations at least once during a survey, many times these conditions were observed in small rivers or bayous rather than in the entire estuary. Often, the percent area affected was low. The gulf estuaries had moderate conditions overall for nutrients and dissolved oxygen. Definite nutrient problems were observed in >25% of the estuarine area in Louisiana and Texas and definite dissolved oxygen problems were observed in Alabama.

Contaminants in estuarine sediments provide evidence of the accumulation of chemicals from anthropogenic sources. We compared the concentrations of sediment contaminants to established guideline values to determine the proportion of estuarine area that could have potential adverse effects on living organisms. Although detectable levels of contaminants were measured in almost every estuary in the Gulf of Mexico, <25% of the estuarine area in all states had contaminant concentrations that exceeded these guidelines.

Wetlands are integral parts of estuarine systems. Declining acreage means habitat loss that may be the result of commercial and residential development, hydrologic alterations, or dredge and fill operations. The Gulf of Mexico region contains more than 50% of the coastal wetland acreage in the U.S. and yet it also has the highest rate of coastal wetland loss. Nine of the top ten estuarine drainage areas ranked by total wetland area are in the Gulf of Mexico region. The most current estimates of total wetland loss over the past 200 years range from 41% to 54% for the gulf states. Although coastal wetlands continue to be altered or destroyed, some estimates indicate that the rate of loss has slowed. All gulf states were rated as having severe problems with wetland loss.

The condition of benthic (bottom-dwelling) invertebrates, fish and shellfish, birds, and threatened and endangered species was used to evaluate the health of estuarine fauna. Degraded benthic communities inhabited <25% of the estuarine area in all gulf states except for Texas. Commercial fish and shellfish landings may be used as an indicator of population stability while fish biomarkers are used to measure the health of individuals in the population. Commercial landings of the top four fisheries (shrimp, menhaden, blue crab, and oyster) are stable in the gulf states while fish biomarkers indicate fair to poor fish health in Alabama and Texas and good fish health elsewhere. Coastal and marine bird populations appear to be in good condition throughout the gulf. Four threatened or endangered species inhabit coastal areas in the Gulf of Mexico: brown pelican, Gulf sturgeon, manatee, and Kemp’s ridley sea turtle. In general, populations of these species are in good to fair condition in the gulf states.

Public health indicators include shellfish bed closures and chemicals found in edible fish tissue. Harvest of shellfish (primarily oyster in the Gulf of Mexico) is restricted or prohibited when concentrations of bacteria or other pathogens reach levels that could impair human health. The gulf states contain the most acreage of shellfish-growing waters in the U.S. but also have the most acreage restricted for harvest. All gulf states except Mississippi have >25% of their shellfish-growing waters restricted for harvest, mostly due to pollution from wastewater treatment plants or other upstream sources. Advisories may be issued that limit consumption when the concentrations of chemicals in fish tissue exceed levels known to be harmful to humans. Although seafood consumption advisories have been issued in all gulf states, the percent of the fish population with high concentrations of contaminants is relatively low in the gulf overall.

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No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dynamics of Fluids in Fractured Rocks : Concepts and Recent Advances","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Dynamics of Fluids in Fractured Rocks: Concepts and Recent Advances,","conferenceDate":"Feb 10-12, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Berkeley, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Paces, J.B., and Peterman, Z.E., 1999, Isotope hydrology of ground-water flow systems, southern Nevada, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Dynamics of Fluids in Fractured Rocks : Concepts and Recent Advances, Berkeley, CA, Feb 10-12, 1999, p. 134-138.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":374367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/760293/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.3614501953125,\n 35.90684930677121\n ],\n [\n -115.5706787109375,\n 35.90684930677121\n ],\n [\n -115.5706787109375,\n 37.70555348721583\n ],\n [\n -117.3614501953125,\n 37.70555348721583\n ],\n [\n -117.3614501953125,\n 35.90684930677121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paces, James B. 0000-0002-9809-8493 jbpaces@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-8493","contributorId":2514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paces","given":"James","email":"jbpaces@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, Zell E. 0000-0002-5694-8082 peterman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8082","contributorId":167699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Zell","email":"peterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195491,"text":"70195491 - 1999 - Modern accumulation rates and a sediment budget for the Eel shelf: a flood-dominated depositional environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-16T14:14:52","indexId":"70195491","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modern accumulation rates and a sediment budget for the Eel shelf: a flood-dominated depositional environment","docAbstract":"

The northern California continental margin is periodically impacted by geologically significant storms, which have a marked influence on terrigenous sediment supply, flood deposition, and long-term accumulation of fine-grained sediment on the Eel shelf. Accumulation of Eel River muds on the adjacent shelf was investigated using 210Pb and 137Cs geochronologies, in order to understand the fate of sediment discharged by the Eel River and to relate patterns of net sediment accumulation (100-yr time scale) to sediment dynamics. 210Pb data demonstrate that modern accumulation of river mud occurs from the 50-m isobath seaward. Across-shelf accumulation rates decrease from maximum mid-shelf values of 0.6–1.7 g cm2 yr1 to values of 0.2–0.4 g cm2 yr1 at the shelf break, with a spatially weighted mean of 0.5 g cm2 yr1 (0.4 cm=yr) for the entire shelf. 210Pbxs sediment-depth profiles from the region of highest accumulation rate are characterized by subsurface intervals of low and uniform activity, which are produced by flood deposition. In some cores, particular 210Pbxs activity intervals may be associated with major Eel River floods of 1955, 1964, and 1974. It is postulated that, because of the coincidence of high-river-flow events and southerly winds during cyclonic winter storms, net northward transport allows for preferential deposition of fine-grained sediment north of the river mouth. Over the past ¾100 years, fluvial sediment input combined with marine dispersal processes have produced a mid-shelf depocenter, evident by both the spatial distribution of 210Pb accumulation rates and by clay-rich flood layers partially preserved in shelf deposits. A fine-grained sediment budget for the dispersal system, based on hydrological data and 210Pb geochronologies, demonstrates that a maximum of ¾20% (3 ð 109 kg=yr) of the mean annual supply of fluvial mud (14 ð 109 kg=yr) is trapped on the shelf. The results of this study demonstrate that: (1) short-term sedimentation processes associated with floods can influence sediment accumulation on longer time scales; and (2) a major fraction of fine-grained sediment supplied to tectonically active margins by flood-prone mountainous rivers bypasses narrow continental shelves.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00115-7","usgsCitation":"Sommerfield, C.K., and Nittrouer, C.A., 1999, Modern accumulation rates and a sediment budget for the Eel shelf: a flood-dominated depositional environment: Marine Geology, v. 154, p. 227-241, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00115-7.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff12bbe4b0da30c1bfd317","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommerfield, Christopher K.","contributorId":9820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nittrouer, Charles A.","contributorId":51218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13553,"text":"University of Washington-Seattle","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":728881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}