{"pageNumber":"3701","pageRowStart":"92500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":5223294,"text":"5223294 - 1996 - Fregata minor, great frigatebird, in Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223294","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1134,"text":"Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fregata minor, great frigatebird, in Oklahoma","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Tomer, J., Clapp, R.B., and Hoffman, J., 1996, Fregata minor, great frigatebird, in Oklahoma: Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society, v. 29, no. 4, p. 34-35.","productDescription":"34-35","startPage":"34","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a85db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tomer, J.S.","contributorId":31873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, J.C.","contributorId":61049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223182,"text":"5223182 - 1996 - Migratory bird hunting: Amended test protocol for nontoxic shot approval procedures for shot and shot coatings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223182","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1626,"text":"Federal Register","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory bird hunting: Amended test protocol for nontoxic shot approval procedures for shot and shot coatings","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Federal Register","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4984_Morehouse.doc","usgsCitation":"Morehouse, K., and Rattner, B., 1996, Migratory bird hunting: Amended test protocol for nontoxic shot approval procedures for shot and shot coatings: Federal Register, v. 61, no. 18, p. 2470-2477.","productDescription":"2470-2477","startPage":"2470","endPage":"2477","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16005,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?dbname=1996_register&position=all&page=2470","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"61","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63559b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morehouse, K.A.","contributorId":50627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morehouse","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223123,"text":"5223123 - 1996 - Prevalence and histopathology of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-09T11:02:42.419943","indexId":"5223123","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prevalence and histopathology of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia","docAbstract":"<div id=\"9951969\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Turtles in Lake Blackshear, Crisp County, Georgia (USA) were evaluated for shell disease during intensive trapping efforts on 8 and 9 May 1990. The disease was most prevalent in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pseudemys concinna</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(74%) and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Trachemys scripta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(35%). The degree of necrosis on the carapace was significantly positively correlated with the degree of necrosis on the plastron in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T. scripta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>r</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.50), but not in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P. concinna</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<i>r</i><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.06). Female<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T. scripta</i><span>&nbsp;</span>with lesions were significantly larger than females without lesions. Lesions were not detected on six other species of turtles. Some areas contained multinucleate osteoclasts that were destroying bone. No tumors were detected in soft tissue samples.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.259","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., Gotte, S., Ernst, C., Harshbarger, J., and Laemmerzahl, A., 1996, Prevalence and histopathology of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 32, no. 2, p. 259-265, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.259.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201819,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668f94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gotte, S.W.","contributorId":69096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotte","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ernst, C.H.","contributorId":9613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ernst","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harshbarger, J.","contributorId":35694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harshbarger","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laemmerzahl, A.F.","contributorId":104597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laemmerzahl","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223425,"text":"5223425 - 1996 - Waterfowl habitat management in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T11:27:47","indexId":"5223425","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2092,"text":"International Waterfowl Symposium","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl habitat management in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Waterfowl Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Reinecke, K.J., and Baxter, C., 1996, Waterfowl habitat management in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: International Waterfowl Symposium, v. 7, p. 159-167.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200043,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.74755859375,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.74755859375,\n              37.31775185163688\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.373046875,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.59277343749999,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reinecke, K. J.","contributorId":54537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinecke","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baxter, C.K.","contributorId":91964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baxter","given":"C.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223405,"text":"5223405 - 1996 - Seed deterioration in flooded agricultural fields during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223405","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed deterioration in flooded agricultural fields during winter","docAbstract":"We determined rate of seed deterioration for 3 crops (corn, rice, and soybean) and 8 weeds commonly found in agricultural fields and moist-soil management units in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). The weeds were broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla), junglerice barnyardgrass (Echinochloa colonum), morningglory (Ipomoea sp.), panic grass (Panicum sp.), bull paspalum (Paspalum boscianum), red rice (Oryza sativa), hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and bristlegrass (Setaria sp.). Weed seeds, except morningglory, deteriorated slower than corn and soybean, whereas rice decomposed slower than all weed seeds except red rice and bull paspalum. For land managers desiring to provide plant food for wintering waterfowl, rice is clearly the most persistent small grain crop in the MAV. Persistence of weed seeds under flooded conditions throughout winter makes them a cost-effective alternative to traditional crops on land managed for waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Nelms, C., and Twedt, D., 1996, Seed deterioration in flooded agricultural fields during winter: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 1, p. 85-88.","productDescription":"85-88","startPage":"85","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16006,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782838","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelms, C.O.","contributorId":41554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223136,"text":"5223136 - 1996 - In memoriam: Robert Earl Stewart, Sr., 1913-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:26:39","indexId":"5223136","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In memoriam: Robert Earl Stewart, Sr., 1913-1993","docAbstract":"<p>Robert Earl Stewart, Sr., our colleague, close friend, and mentor, was born on 16 April 1913 in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from high school in Grimes, Iowa, received his B.S. in Biology from the University of Iowa in 1936, and his M.S. in Zoology from the University of Michigan in 1937. His post-graduate work on the life history of the Common Yellow throat was published in the Wilson Bulletin in 1953. Bob joined the AOU in 1938, was made an Elective Member in 1949, and a Fellow in 1974. During World War II, he served with the U.S. Navy Medical Corps in the Pacific Theater.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088991","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., and Meanley, M., 1996, In memoriam: Robert Earl Stewart, Sr., 1913-1993: The Auk, v. 113, no. 3, p. 680-682, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088991.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"680","endPage":"682","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/auk/vol113/iss3/20","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199839,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meanley, M.B.","contributorId":53493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meanley","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223408,"text":"5223408 - 1996 - Breeding bird census:  Planted cottonwood forest -inside levee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T11:36:53","indexId":"5223408","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding bird census:  Planted cottonwood forest -inside levee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","issn":"1557-9263","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 1996, Breeding bird census:  Planted cottonwood forest -inside levee: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4 Supplement, p. 39-40.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb50a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223406,"text":"5223406 - 1996 - Breeding bird census: Bottomland hardwood forest I-IV","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T11:32:48","indexId":"5223406","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding bird census: Bottomland hardwood forest I-IV","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithology","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 1996, Breeding bird census: Bottomland hardwood forest I-IV: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4 Supplement, p. 33-36.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5220921,"text":"5220921 - 1996 - The proper name of the neotropical tree boa often referred to as <i>Corallus enhydris</i> (Serpentes: Boidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T11:54:38","indexId":"5220921","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The proper name of the neotropical tree boa often referred to as <i>Corallus enhydris</i> (Serpentes: Boidae)","docAbstract":" Confusion regarding the application of the proper scientific name for the common Neotropical tree boa has existed since Linnaeus described Boa enydris and Boa hortulana in 1758. We review the nomenclatural history of the species and point out the misapplication of scientific names that have characterized this form. Our review indicates that the proper scientific name for this highly variable, wide-ranging arboreal boid is Corallus hortulanus, not Corallus enydris, as has been used so frequently in recent years.","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.2307/1565168","usgsCitation":"McDiarmid, R.W., Toure, T., and Savage, J.M., 1996, The proper name of the neotropical tree boa often referred to as <i>Corallus enhydris</i> (Serpentes: Boidae): Journal of Herpetology, v. 30, no. 3, p. 320-326, https://doi.org/10.2307/1565168.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db6419d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDiarmid, Roy W. 0000-0002-7649-1796 rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-1796","contributorId":3603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDiarmid","given":"Roy","email":"rmcdiarmid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toure, T’Shaka","contributorId":174925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Toure","given":"T’Shaka","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savage, Jay M.","contributorId":147506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savage","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5222798,"text":"5222798 - 1996 - Evaluation of 3 radio transmitters and collar designs for Amazona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5222798","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of 3 radio transmitters and collar designs for Amazona","docAbstract":"I evaluated 3 radio transmitter attachments and designs for adult parrots.  Two of the transmitters and attachments were similar to those used previously in the study on fledgling and adult parrots.  I designed, in collaboration with the manufacturer, a third transmitter and attachment that provided protection of key areas from chewing and eventual destruction of the attachment or transmitter.  This design was used successfully to radio-track parrots an average of 43.4 weeks (range = 35.9-51.6 weeks).  It was the only transmitter of the 3 tested to operate without failure (>36 weeks) caused by chewing damage to the transmitter, antenna, collar, or attachment mechanism (Fisher's exact test, 3 df, P = 0.0003).  Its adjustable collar, made from 59 kg-test stainless steel wire covered with plastic heat-shrink tubing, was sturdy and easy to apply.  Transmitters for parrots should be enclosed in a protective metal case (brass) and have metal crimped tubes (brass or copper) protecting key areas, such as the base of the antenna and mechanism for attachment of the collar.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J., 1996, Evaluation of 3 radio transmitters and collar designs for Amazona: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 1, p. 15-20.","productDescription":"15-20","startPage":"15","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16002,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782826","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa18e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J.M.","contributorId":54307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223407,"text":"5223407 - 1996 - Breeding bird census: Coppiced cottonwood forest I & II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T11:34:54","indexId":"5223407","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding bird census: Coppiced cottonwood forest I & II","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","issn":"1557-9263","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 1996, Breeding bird census: Coppiced cottonwood forest I & II: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4 Supplement, p. 38-39.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221062,"text":"5221062 - 1996 - Reproduction in eastern screech-owls fed selenium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:19:21.88842","indexId":"5221062","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction in eastern screech-owls fed selenium","docAbstract":"<p>Raptors are occasionally exposed to excessive selenium from contaminated prey, but the effects of this exposure on reproduction are unknown. Therefore, we fed captive eastern screech-owls (<i>Otus asio</i>) diets containing 0, 4.4, or 13.2 ppm (wet wt) added selenium in the form of seleno-DL-methionine. Adult mass at sacrifice and reproductive success of birds receiving 13.2 ppm selenium were depressed (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) relative to controls. Parents given 4.4 ppm selenium produced no malformed nestlings, but femur lengths of young were shorter (<i>P</i> = 0.015) than those of controls. Liver biochemistries indicative of oxidative stress were affected (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in 5-day-old nestlings from parents fed 4.4 ppm selenium and included a 19% increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, a 43% increase in the ratio of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), and a 17% increase in lipid peroxidation. Based on reproductive effects relative to dietary exposure, sensitivity of eastern screech-owls to selenium was similar to that of black-crowned night-herons (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) but less than that of mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802232","usgsCitation":"Wiemeyer, S.N., and Hoffman, D.J., 1996, Reproduction in eastern screech-owls fed selenium: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 2, p. 332-341, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802232.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"332","endPage":"341","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6067","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiemeyer, Stanley N.","contributorId":78279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiemeyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":332954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223681,"text":"5223681 - 1996 - Survival of breeding male American woodcock in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:13:25.513678","indexId":"5223681","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of breeding male American woodcock in Maine","docAbstract":"The authors investigated the survival of breeding male American woodcock  in Washington County, Maine.  A total of 150 birds were radio-arked during 1987-1989 and relationships were evaluated between survival, body mass, predation, weather, and habitat use.  Survival varied from 0.690 (1989) to  0.924 (1988), with a 3-year mean (95% confidence interval) of 0.789  (0.693-0.885)","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z96-232","usgsCitation":"Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., Sepik, G., and Pendleton, G., 1996, Survival of breeding male American woodcock in Maine: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 74, no. 11, p. 2046-2054, https://doi.org/10.1139/z96-232.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2046","endPage":"2054","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199876,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-70.152589,43.746794],[-70.158456,43.751616],[-70.147646,43.758585],[-70.145911,43.772119],[-70.128271,43.774009],[-70.14089,43.753204],[-70.152589,43.746794]]],[[[-70.135957,43.753219],[-70.129721,43.76408],[-70.117688,43.765693],[-70.135957,43.753219]]],[[[-70.171245,43.663498],[-70.205934,43.633633],[-70.211062,43.641842],[-70.200116,43.662978],[-70.188047,43.673762],[-70.171245,43.663498]]],[[[-70.186213,43.682655],[-70.210825,43.661695],[-70.213948,43.666161],[-70.201893,43.685483],[-70.191041,43.689071],[-70.186213,43.682655]]],[[[-70.163884,43.692404],[-70.146115,43.701635],[-70.135563,43.700658],[-70.154503,43.680933],[-70.168227,43.675136],[-70.173571,43.683734],[-70.163884,43.692404]]],[[[-70.087621,43.699913],[-70.093704,43.6918],[-70.099594,43.695366],[-70.115908,43.682978],[-70.118174,43.686375],[-70.093113,43.710524],[-70.097184,43.700929],[-70.087621,43.699913]]],[[[-70.119671,43.748621],[-70.097318,43.757292],[-70.094986,43.753211],[-70.107812,43.734555],[-70.108978,43.722312],[-70.129383,43.70832],[-70.138128,43.718231],[-70.138711,43.727559],[-70.119671,43.748621]]],[[[-68.499465,44.12419],[-68.491521,44.109833],[-68.502942,44.099722],[-68.51706,44.10341],[-68.518703,44.113222],[-68.511266,44.125082],[-68.499465,44.12419]]],[[[-68.358388,44.125082],[-68.346724,44.127749],[-68.331032,44.10758],[-68.338012,44.101473],[-68.365176,44.101464],[-68.375382,44.11646],[-68.358388,44.125082]]],[[[-68.453236,44.189998],[-68.416434,44.187047],[-68.384903,44.154955],[-68.396634,44.14069],[-68.438518,44.11618],[-68.448646,44.125581],[-68.447505,44.133493],[-68.456813,44.145268],[-68.496639,44.146855],[-68.502096,44.152388],[-68.500817,44.160026],[-68.474365,44.181875],[-68.453236,44.189998]]],[[[-68.680773,44.279242],[-68.623554,44.255622],[-68.605906,44.230772],[-68.612749,44.207722],[-68.624994,44.197637],[-68.618872,44.18107],[-68.643002,44.15766],[-68.670014,44.151537],[-68.675056,44.137131],[-68.681899,44.138212],[-68.692343,44.153698],[-68.713232,44.160541],[-68.720435,44.169185],[-68.714313,44.20376],[-68.722956,44.219607],[-68.718635,44.228611],[-68.700627,44.234013],[-68.680458,44.262105],[-68.680773,44.279242]]],[[[-68.355279,44.199096],[-68.333227,44.207308],[-68.314789,44.197157],[-68.321178,44.199032],[-68.332639,44.192131],[-68.339029,44.171839],[-68.347416,44.169459],[-68.378872,44.184222],[-68.364469,44.197534],[-68.355279,44.199096]]],[[[-68.472831,44.219767],[-68.453843,44.201683],[-68.459182,44.197681],[-68.48452,44.202886],[-68.482726,44.227058],[-68.470323,44.22832],[-68.472831,44.219767]]],[[[-68.792139,44.237819],[-68.769833,44.222787],[-68.769047,44.213351],[-68.780055,44.203129],[-68.829593,44.21689],[-68.839422,44.236547],[-68.827627,44.242838],[-68.792139,44.237819]]],[[[-68.23638,44.266254],[-68.214641,44.263156],[-68.211329,44.257074],[-68.24031,44.251622],[-68.240806,44.239723],[-68.248913,44.235443],[-68.274427,44.237099],[-68.274719,44.258675],[-68.246598,44.257836],[-68.23638,44.266254]]],[[[-68.498637,44.369686],[-68.478785,44.319563],[-68.489641,44.313705],[-68.530394,44.333583],[-68.518573,44.381022],[-68.501364,44.382281],[-68.498637,44.369686]]],[[[-68.618212,44.012367],[-68.635315,44.018886],[-68.657031,44.003823],[-68.659874,44.022758],[-68.650767,44.039908],[-68.661594,44.075837],[-68.627893,44.088128],[-68.6181,44.096706],[-68.609722,44.094674],[-68.584074,44.070578],[-68.590792,44.058662],[-68.601099,44.058362],[-68.610703,44.013422],[-68.618212,44.012367]]],[[[-68.785601,44.053503],[-68.818441,44.032046],[-68.874139,44.025359],[-68.889717,44.032516],[-68.899997,44.06696],[-68.913406,44.08519],[-68.908984,44.110001],[-68.944597,44.11284],[-68.917286,44.148239],[-68.847249,44.183017],[-68.825067,44.186338],[-68.819156,44.180462],[-68.82284,44.173693],[-68.818423,44.160978],[-68.782375,44.14531],[-68.792065,44.136759],[-68.818039,44.136852],[-68.820515,44.130198],[-68.815562,44.115836],[-68.806832,44.116339],[-68.790525,44.09292],[-68.772639,44.078439],[-68.77029,44.069566],[-68.785601,44.053503]]],[[[-67.619761,44.519754],[-67.582113,44.513459],[-67.590627,44.49415],[-67.562651,44.472104],[-67.571774,44.453403],[-67.588346,44.449754],[-67.604919,44.502056],[-67.619211,44.506009],[-67.619761,44.519754]]],[[[-68.942826,44.281073],[-68.919301,44.309872],[-68.919325,44.335392],[-68.90353,44.378613],[-68.87894,44.386584],[-68.868444,44.38144],[-68.860649,44.364425],[-68.87169,44.344662],[-68.89285,44.334653],[-68.896587,44.321986],[-68.88746,44.303094],[-68.904255,44.279889],[-68.916872,44.242866],[-68.95189,44.218719],[-68.94709,44.226792],[-68.955332,44.243873],[-68.965896,44.249754],[-68.965264,44.259332],[-68.942826,44.281073]]],[[[-70.353392,43.535405],[-70.379123,43.507202],[-70.385615,43.487031],[-70.380233,43.46423],[-70.349684,43.442032],[-70.370514,43.434133],[-70.384949,43.418839],[-70.39089,43.402607],[-70.421282,43.395777],[-70.427672,43.389254],[-70.424986,43.375928],[-70.460717,43.34325],[-70.517695,43.344037],[-70.553854,43.321886],[-70.593907,43.249295],[-70.576692,43.217651],[-70.618973,43.163625],[-70.638355,43.114182],[-70.655322,43.098008],[-70.665958,43.076234],[-70.703818,43.059825],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.819146,43.195157],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.817773,43.237408],[-70.837274,43.242321],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.861384,43.263143],[-70.881704,43.272483],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.987249,43.411863],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.963281,43.538929],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.989037,43.792154],[-71.031039,44.655455],[-71.084334,45.305293],[-71.059265,45.313753],[-71.030565,45.312652],[-71.00905,45.319022],[-71.002563,45.327819],[-71.011144,45.334679],[-71.01081,45.34725],[-70.985595,45.332188],[-70.950824,45.33453],[-70.939188,45.320177],[-70.917904,45.311924],[-70.912111,45.296197],[-70.9217,45.279445],[-70.898565,45.258502],[-70.898482,45.244088],[-70.885029,45.234873],[-70.857042,45.22916],[-70.83877,45.237555],[-70.848319,45.244707],[-70.848554,45.263325],[-70.839042,45.269132],[-70.829661,45.290369],[-70.812338,45.302006],[-70.808613,45.311606],[-70.808322,45.325824],[-70.816585,45.330554],[-70.819828,45.340109],[-70.81445,45.356544],[-70.803848,45.364247],[-70.806244,45.376558],[-70.826033,45.398408],[-70.795009,45.428145],[-70.755567,45.428361],[-70.744077,45.421091],[-70.743775,45.411925],[-70.729972,45.399359],[-70.712286,45.390611],[-70.677995,45.394362],[-70.66116,45.386039],[-70.660775,45.378176],[-70.651175,45.377123],[-70.634661,45.383608],[-70.631354,45.41634],[-70.635498,45.427817],[-70.649739,45.442771],[-70.674903,45.452399],[-70.691762,45.471233],[-70.717047,45.487732],[-70.721611,45.515058],[-70.687605,45.549099],[-70.688214,45.563981],[-70.659286,45.58688],[-70.644687,45.607083],[-70.592252,45.629865],[-70.5584,45.666671],[-70.525831,45.666551],[-70.469869,45.701639],[-70.438878,45.704387],[-70.400404,45.719834],[-70.383552,45.734869],[-70.388501,45.749717],[-70.406548,45.761813],[-70.417641,45.79377],[-70.395907,45.798885],[-70.39662,45.808486],[-70.387916,45.819043],[-70.34244,45.852192],[-70.306162,45.85974],[-70.259117,45.890755],[-70.253897,45.906524],[-70.263313,45.923832],[-70.240177,45.943729],[-70.26541,45.962692],[-70.31628,45.963113],[-70.307463,45.982541],[-70.284571,45.995384],[-70.303034,45.998976],[-70.317629,46.01908],[-70.278334,46.057019],[-70.284176,46.062758],[-70.310609,46.064544],[-70.284554,46.098713],[-70.254021,46.0996],[-70.255038,46.108348],[-70.237947,46.147378],[-70.278034,46.175001],[-70.292736,46.191599],[-70.272054,46.209833],[-70.248421,46.267072],[-70.232682,46.284428],[-70.205719,46.299865],[-70.203119,46.31438],[-70.208733,46.328961],[-70.191412,46.348072],[-70.174709,46.358472],[-70.148529,46.358923],[-70.129734,46.369384],[-70.125459,46.381352],[-70.11044,46.38611],[-70.096286,46.40943],[-70.057061,46.415036],[-69.997086,46.69523],[-69.22442,47.459686],[-69.203886,47.452203],[-69.178412,47.456615],[-69.146439,47.44886],[-69.082508,47.423976],[-69.061192,47.433052],[-69.043947,47.427634],[-69.036882,47.407977],[-69.045403,47.39191],[-69.039818,47.386309],[-69.053885,47.377878],[-69.054628,47.315911],[-69.049118,47.306471],[-69.052748,47.294403],[-69.047076,47.267089],[-69.050334,47.256621],[-69.033456,47.240984],[-68.966433,47.212712],[-68.96113,47.205582],[-68.942484,47.206386],[-68.920253,47.195048],[-68.919752,47.189859],[-68.902425,47.178839],[-68.857519,47.19095],[-68.812157,47.215461],[-68.764487,47.222331],[-68.717867,47.240919],[-68.705314,47.238066],[-68.687662,47.244215],[-68.664071,47.236762],[-68.619749,47.243218],[-68.595427,47.257698],[-68.59688,47.271731],[-68.578551,47.287551],[-68.553896,47.28225],[-68.517982,47.296092],[-68.474851,47.297534],[-68.448844,47.282547],[-68.378678,47.287561],[-68.376319,47.294257],[-68.384706,47.305094],[-68.380334,47.340242],[-68.355171,47.35707],[-68.329879,47.36023],[-68.303778,47.355524],[-68.284101,47.360389],[-68.265138,47.352543],[-68.234604,47.355035],[-68.214551,47.339637],[-68.15515,47.32542],[-68.152302,47.309878],[-68.137059,47.296068],[-68.082896,47.271921],[-68.074061,47.259764],[-68.019724,47.238036],[-67.991871,47.212042],[-67.955669,47.199542],[-67.935868,47.164843],[-67.893266,47.129943],[-67.881302,47.103913],[-67.790515,47.067921],[-67.781095,45.943032],[-67.777626,45.934207],[-67.750422,45.917898],[-67.763725,45.91043],[-67.767827,45.898568],[-67.803318,45.883718],[-67.803678,45.869379],[-67.796514,45.859961],[-67.755068,45.82367],[-67.780507,45.817622],[-67.801989,45.803546],[-67.806598,45.794723],[-67.806308,45.755405],[-67.793083,45.750559],[-67.781892,45.731189],[-67.809833,45.729274],[-67.803148,45.696127],[-67.817892,45.693705],[-67.803313,45.677886],[-67.768648,45.677581],[-67.754245,45.667791],[-67.720401,45.662522],[-67.71799,45.665243],[-67.73372,45.684233],[-67.734605,45.688987],[-67.729908,45.689012],[-67.710464,45.679372],[-67.675417,45.630959],[-67.64581,45.613597],[-67.640238,45.616178],[-67.644206,45.62322],[-67.639741,45.624771],[-67.606172,45.606533],[-67.499444,45.587014],[-67.488452,45.594643],[-67.491061,45.598917],[-67.455406,45.604665],[-67.429716,45.583773],[-67.420976,45.550029],[-67.425399,45.540795],[-67.432236,45.541023],[-67.435275,45.530781],[-67.432207,45.519996],[-67.416416,45.503515],[-67.462882,45.508691],[-67.470732,45.500067],[-67.503088,45.489688],[-67.499767,45.47805],[-67.482353,45.460825],[-67.484328,45.451955],[-67.473366,45.425328],[-67.430001,45.392965],[-67.418747,45.37726],[-67.434281,45.365438],[-67.427797,45.355471],[-67.434996,45.340133],[-67.456288,45.32644],[-67.452267,45.316839],[-67.460554,45.300379],[-67.466091,45.29416],[-67.485683,45.291433],[-67.489464,45.282653],[-67.46357,45.244097],[-67.453473,45.241127],[-67.43998,45.227047],[-67.428889,45.193213],[-67.407139,45.179425],[-67.404629,45.159926],[-67.383635,45.152259],[-67.345585,45.126392],[-67.294881,45.149666],[-67.302568,45.161348],[-67.291417,45.17145],[-67.290603,45.187589],[-67.283619,45.192022],[-67.246697,45.180765],[-67.242293,45.17224],[-67.227324,45.163652],[-67.203933,45.171407],[-67.157919,45.161004],[-67.112414,45.112323],[-67.090786,45.068721],[-67.105899,45.065786],[-67.117688,45.05673],[-67.082074,45.029608],[-67.068274,45.001014],[-67.05461,44.986764],[-67.033474,44.939923],[-66.984466,44.912557],[-66.990351,44.882551],[-66.978142,44.856963],[-66.996523,44.844654],[-66.986318,44.820657],[-66.975009,44.815495],[-66.952112,44.82007],[-66.950569,44.814539],[-66.961068,44.807269],[-66.979708,44.80736],[-67.02615,44.768199],[-67.04335,44.765071],[-67.05516,44.771442],[-67.062239,44.769543],[-67.073439,44.741957],[-67.098931,44.741311],[-67.103957,44.717444],[-67.128792,44.695421],[-67.139209,44.693849],[-67.155119,44.66944],[-67.169857,44.662105],[-67.186612,44.66265],[-67.192068,44.655515],[-67.189427,44.645533],[-67.234275,44.637201],[-67.251247,44.640825],[-67.274122,44.626345],[-67.27706,44.61795],[-67.273076,44.610873],[-67.293403,44.599265],[-67.314938,44.598215],[-67.32297,44.609394],[-67.310745,44.613212],[-67.293665,44.634316],[-67.292462,44.648455],[-67.309627,44.659316],[-67.307909,44.691295],[-67.300144,44.696752],[-67.299176,44.705705],[-67.308538,44.707454],[-67.355966,44.69906],[-67.376742,44.681852],[-67.381149,44.66947],[-67.367298,44.652472],[-67.363158,44.631825],[-67.377554,44.619757],[-67.386605,44.626974],[-67.405492,44.594236],[-67.428367,44.609136],[-67.457747,44.598014],[-67.492373,44.61795],[-67.493632,44.628863],[-67.505804,44.636837],[-67.522802,44.63306],[-67.530777,44.621938],[-67.543368,44.626554],[-67.551133,44.621938],[-67.575056,44.560659],[-67.562321,44.539435],[-67.568159,44.531117],[-67.648506,44.525403],[-67.660678,44.537575],[-67.685861,44.537155],[-67.702649,44.527922],[-67.698872,44.51575],[-67.71419,44.495238],[-67.733986,44.496252],[-67.743353,44.497418],[-67.742942,44.526453],[-67.753854,44.543661],[-67.774001,44.547438],[-67.779457,44.543661],[-67.781556,44.520577],[-67.79726,44.520685],[-67.808837,44.544081],[-67.839896,44.558771],[-67.845772,44.551636],[-67.843254,44.542822],[-67.856684,44.523934],[-67.851648,44.484901],[-67.868774,44.465272],[-67.868875,44.456881],[-67.851764,44.428695],[-67.855108,44.419434],[-67.868856,44.424672],[-67.878509,44.435585],[-67.887323,44.433066],[-67.899571,44.394078],[-67.913346,44.430128],[-67.926357,44.431807],[-67.931453,44.411848],[-67.955737,44.416278],[-67.961613,44.4125],[-67.961613,44.39907],[-67.978876,44.387034],[-67.985668,44.386917],[-68.000646,44.406624],[-68.010719,44.407464],[-68.019533,44.396971],[-68.01399,44.390255],[-68.034223,44.360456],[-68.044296,44.357938],[-68.043037,44.343667],[-68.049334,44.33073],[-68.067047,44.335692],[-68.076066,44.347925],[-68.077873,44.373047],[-68.086268,44.376405],[-68.092983,44.370949],[-68.11229,44.401588],[-68.119845,44.445658],[-68.117746,44.475038],[-68.150904,44.482383],[-68.17105,44.470211],[-68.194554,44.47189],[-68.189517,44.478605],[-68.192036,44.487419],[-68.213861,44.492456],[-68.223934,44.487],[-68.224354,44.464335],[-68.22939,44.463496],[-68.2445,44.471051],[-68.252474,44.483222],[-68.261708,44.484062],[-68.270522,44.459718],[-68.281015,44.451324],[-68.298223,44.449225],[-68.299063,44.437893],[-68.294865,44.432857],[-68.268423,44.440411],[-68.247438,44.433276],[-68.24366,44.420685],[-68.249956,44.414809],[-68.21554,44.390466],[-68.20354,44.392365],[-68.184532,44.369145],[-68.173608,44.328397],[-68.191924,44.306675],[-68.233435,44.288578],[-68.275139,44.288895],[-68.289409,44.283858],[-68.298223,44.276303],[-68.298643,44.26665],[-68.290818,44.247673],[-68.317588,44.225101],[-68.339498,44.222893],[-68.343132,44.229505],[-68.377982,44.247563],[-68.401268,44.252244],[-68.430946,44.298624],[-68.430853,44.312609],[-68.409027,44.32562],[-68.421619,44.336113],[-68.409867,44.356259],[-68.396552,44.363941],[-68.398035,44.376191],[-68.3581,44.392337],[-68.359082,44.402847],[-68.3791,44.430049],[-68.387678,44.430936],[-68.392559,44.41807],[-68.416412,44.397973],[-68.427874,44.3968],[-68.433901,44.401534],[-68.429648,44.439136],[-68.439281,44.448043],[-68.455095,44.447498],[-68.46382,44.436592],[-68.458849,44.412141],[-68.464106,44.398078],[-68.461072,44.378504],[-68.466109,44.377245],[-68.47828,44.378084],[-68.483317,44.388157],[-68.472824,44.404106],[-68.480379,44.432647],[-68.485415,44.434326],[-68.494649,44.429709],[-68.499686,44.414179],[-68.51452,44.41334],[-68.529905,44.39907],[-68.555088,44.403687],[-68.565161,44.39907],[-68.564741,44.385219],[-68.559285,44.374307],[-68.550051,44.371788],[-68.545434,44.355],[-68.563209,44.333039],[-68.566203,44.313007],[-68.556236,44.300819],[-68.538595,44.299902],[-68.531532,44.290388],[-68.528611,44.276117],[-68.519516,44.265046],[-68.529802,44.249594],[-68.525302,44.227554],[-68.550802,44.236534],[-68.603385,44.27471],[-68.682979,44.299201],[-68.733004,44.328388],[-68.762021,44.329597],[-68.795063,44.30786],[-68.827197,44.31216],[-68.825419,44.334547],[-68.814811,44.362194],[-68.821767,44.40894],[-68.815325,44.42808],[-68.801634,44.434803],[-68.783679,44.473879],[-68.829153,44.462242],[-68.880271,44.428112],[-68.897104,44.450643],[-68.927452,44.448039],[-68.931934,44.43869],[-68.946582,44.429108],[-68.982449,44.426195],[-68.990767,44.415033],[-68.978815,44.38634],[-68.961111,44.375076],[-68.948164,44.355882],[-68.954465,44.32405],[-68.979005,44.296327],[-69.003682,44.294582],[-69.005071,44.274071],[-69.040193,44.233673],[-69.054546,44.171542],[-69.079835,44.160953],[-69.075667,44.129991],[-69.080331,44.117824],[-69.100863,44.104529],[-69.101107,44.093601],[-69.092,44.085734],[-69.050814,44.094888],[-69.031878,44.079036],[-69.048917,44.062506],[-69.056093,44.06949],[-69.067876,44.067596],[-69.079805,44.055256],[-69.073767,44.046135],[-69.125738,44.019623],[-69.124475,44.007419],[-69.170345,43.995637],[-69.193805,43.975543],[-69.19633,43.950504],[-69.203668,43.941806],[-69.259838,43.921427],[-69.267515,43.943667],[-69.280498,43.95744],[-69.31427,43.942951],[-69.319751,43.94487],[-69.304301,43.962068],[-69.331411,43.974311],[-69.351961,43.974748],[-69.366702,43.964755],[-69.388059,43.96434],[-69.398455,43.971804],[-69.421072,43.938261],[-69.423324,43.915507],[-69.459637,43.903316],[-69.483498,43.88028],[-69.50329,43.837673],[-69.514889,43.831298],[-69.513267,43.84479],[-69.520301,43.868498],[-69.524673,43.875639],[-69.543912,43.881615],[-69.54945,43.880012],[-69.545028,43.861241],[-69.552606,43.841347],[-69.572697,43.844012],[-69.578527,43.823316],[-69.588551,43.81836],[-69.604179,43.813551],[-69.604616,43.825793],[-69.592373,43.830895],[-69.589167,43.851299],[-69.594705,43.858878],[-69.604616,43.858004],[-69.621086,43.826814],[-69.634932,43.845907],[-69.649798,43.836287],[-69.653337,43.79103],[-69.664922,43.791033],[-69.685579,43.820546],[-69.705838,43.823024],[-69.714873,43.810264],[-69.719723,43.786685],[-69.752801,43.75594],[-69.780097,43.755397],[-69.778494,43.747089],[-69.835323,43.721125],[-69.838689,43.70514],[-69.851297,43.703581],[-69.855081,43.704746],[-69.858947,43.740531],[-69.868673,43.742701],[-69.862155,43.758962],[-69.869732,43.775656],[-69.884066,43.778035],[-69.903164,43.77239],[-69.927011,43.780174],[-69.948539,43.765948],[-69.958056,43.767786],[-69.982574,43.750801],[-69.992615,43.724793],[-70.001645,43.717666],[-70.006954,43.717065],[-69.998793,43.740385],[-70.001708,43.744466],[-70.041351,43.738053],[-70.034355,43.759041],[-69.99821,43.798684],[-70.002874,43.812093],[-70.011035,43.810927],[-70.026193,43.822587],[-70.023278,43.834247],[-70.002874,43.848239],[-70.009869,43.859315],[-70.019197,43.858733],[-70.064671,43.813259],[-70.06642,43.819672],[-70.080995,43.819672],[-70.107229,43.809178],[-70.142792,43.791688],[-70.153869,43.781194],[-70.153869,43.774781],[-70.176023,43.76079],[-70.17544,43.777113],[-70.190014,43.771866],[-70.197593,43.753211],[-70.194678,43.742134],[-70.217998,43.71998],[-70.216832,43.704822],[-70.23199,43.704822],[-70.251812,43.683251],[-70.254144,43.676839],[-70.242289,43.669544],[-70.240987,43.659132],[-70.211204,43.625765],[-70.217087,43.596717],[-70.214369,43.590445],[-70.20112,43.586515],[-70.196911,43.565146],[-70.206123,43.557627],[-70.231963,43.561118],[-70.244331,43.551849],[-70.261917,43.553687],[-70.272497,43.562616],[-70.307764,43.544315],[-70.353392,43.535405]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maine\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"74","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, G.F.","contributorId":101348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepik","given":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223409,"text":"5223409 - 1996 - Breeding bird census: Planted cottonwood forest -outside levee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T11:38:50","indexId":"5223409","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding bird census: Planted cottonwood forest -outside levee","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","issn":"1557-9263","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., 1996, Breeding bird census: Planted cottonwood forest -outside levee: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4 Supplement, p. 40-40.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362887,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5221168,"text":"5221168 - 1996 - Habitat associations of birds in the Georgia piedmont during winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:39","indexId":"5221168","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat associations of birds in the Georgia piedmont during winter","docAbstract":"During three winter seasons (1991-1994), we studied the distribution and abundance of birds in three habitat types of the Georgia Piedmont.  Bird densities were calculated using data from 2160 variable circular-plot counts, 720 each in the interiors of the three habitats.  Habitat variables were measured in 135 0.04-ha circles, 45 in each of the three habitats.  The objective was to compare bird densities during winter in the Piedmont?s fragmented mature (60+ yr) pine forests and upland hardwood forests with those in planted pine plantations, a major replacement type.  A total of 49 species was detected: 44 in mature pines, 42 in mature upland hardwoods, and 32 in 20-30-yr old pine plantations.  Twenty-nine species occurred across all habitats. Overall, density estimates were low and variability among counts was high; consequently, significant (P <0.05) habitat preferences were found for only about 25% of the species.  Species richness (S) and diversity (H ) were greatest (P <0.05) in mature pines and lowest (P <0.05) in planted pine plantations.  Also, species evenness (E) was higher (P <0.05) in mature pines and upland hardwoods than in planted pine plantations.  ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Kepler, C.B., Hatfield, J., Sykes, P., and Seginak, J., 1996, Habitat associations of birds in the Georgia piedmont during winter: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 1, p. 159-166.","productDescription":"159-166","startPage":"159","endPage":"166","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16026,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v067n01/p0159-p0166.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":194066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a77c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seginak, J.T.","contributorId":100783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seginak","given":"J.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222873,"text":"5222873 - 1996 - Metal concentrations of tadpoles in experimental ponds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T10:59:50.12955","indexId":"5222873","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal concentrations of tadpoles in experimental ponds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Anuran tadpoles are found in a variety of habitats, many of which are acidified or have high ambient concentrations of metals from anthropogenic sources. A few studies that have been conducted on metals in tadpoles demonstrate that they can contain high concentrations of some metals but have not demonstrated clear relationships between ambient conditions and metal concentrations. This study examines the influence of soil, water treatment, amphibian species, and body portion analyzed on metal concentration in tadpoles. In northern cricket frogs, gray treefrogs, and green frogs, concentrations of Al and Fe exceeded 10 000 μg·g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;and Mg and Mn exceeded 1000 μg g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Body concentrations of Ba, Be, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sr increased with soil concentrations. Acidification reduced body concentrations of Be and Sr, and pH correlated with Be, Mg, and Sr. Gray treefrogs had significantly lower concentrations of most metals compared to northern cricket frogs, possibly because of differences in microhabitats and soil ingestion. More than half of most metals was sequestered in the gut coil of green frog tadpoles, probably mixed with soil. Depending on bioavailablity, many of the metals in gut coils and whole bodies of these tadpoles could be potentially toxic to predators.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(95)00057-7","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., and Lowe, T., 1996, Metal concentrations of tadpoles in experimental ponds: Environmental Pollution, v. 91, no. 2, p. 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)00057-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"159","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-76.048373,38.12055],[-76.061,38.127002],[-76.089018,38.115287],[-76.095548,38.125123],[-76.089017,38.141033],[-76.092334,38.151355],[-76.088639,38.192649],[-76.07147,38.203502],[-76.050511,38.203714],[-76.02217,38.177882],[-76.021941,38.171976],[-76.032767,38.169154],[-76.034038,38.157902],[-76.022515,38.133453],[-76.012487,38.131731],[-76.011916,38.122214],[-76.020496,38.117044],[-76.021305,38.108608],[-76.008168,38.095385],[-76.005904,38.07717],[-76.011544,38.072312],[-76.0233,38.07076],[-76.036676,38.076509],[-76.05831,38.094906],[-76.050156,38.107758],[-76.03962,38.11199],[-76.048373,38.12055]]],[[[-76.022325,37.953878],[-76.045561,37.953669],[-76.049608,37.983628],[-76.048617,38.014843],[-76.041668,38.032148],[-76.013128,38.039762],[-75.991846,38.025497],[-75.973432,38.018841],[-75.970345,38.008222],[-75.98502,38.001855],[-75.99473,37.974694],[-75.988879,37.960337],[-75.993905,37.953489],[-76.022325,37.953878]]],[[[-77.042045,38.720202],[-77.040098,38.789913],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.146601,38.96421],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.228395,38.978404],[-77.231601,38.979917],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.248303,38.992309],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.246003,39.024909],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.46145,39.075151],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.510631,39.178484],[-77.478596,39.189168],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.457943,39.222023],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.675846,39.324192],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.727379,39.321666],[-77.759615,39.337331],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.753389,39.382094],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.740012,39.401694],[-77.75872,39.42681],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.802866,39.439285],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.777815,39.461924],[-77.795634,39.471259],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.825357,39.529177],[-77.836935,39.53217],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.888945,39.55595],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.829753,39.59105],[-77.831813,39.601105],[-77.838008,39.606125],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.944622,39.616772],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-78.009985,39.602893],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.088592,39.671211],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.191107,39.690262],[-78.201081,39.677866],[-78.231564,39.674382],[-78.233012,39.670471],[-78.223864,39.662607],[-78.225075,39.658878],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.262189,39.630464],[-78.265088,39.619274],[-78.283039,39.62047],[-78.355218,39.640576],[-78.358735,39.635589],[-78.353878,39.627722],[-78.358343,39.625581],[-78.380504,39.629359],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.372404,39.612297],[-78.378181,39.608178],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.457187,39.587379],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.433828,39.548953],[-78.436378,39.539302],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.565929,39.519444],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.595603,39.535483],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.655984,39.534695],[-78.675629,39.540371],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.760196,39.582154],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.733759,39.613931],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.824788,39.590233],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.815114,39.571351],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.851016,39.554044],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.916488,39.486544],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.942293,39.480987],[-78.939164,39.475267],[-78.941969,39.469959],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.955483,39.442277],[-78.965484,39.438455],[-78.978826,39.448678],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-79.028159,39.46506],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.05388,39.480094],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.098059,39.472073],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.116369,39.440482],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.145453,39.407767],[-79.16134,39.411895],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.197937,39.386132],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.253891,39.337222],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.343625,39.287148],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.486862,39.205959],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.78745,39.637455],[-75.693521,38.460128],[-75.394786,38.45216],[-75.049268,38.451264],[-75.049365,38.448518],[-75.06137,38.389466],[-75.085171,38.325096],[-75.092142,38.323252],[-75.102947,38.311525],[-75.192925,38.097819],[-75.241817,38.027802],[-75.624341,37.994211],[-75.633833,37.984519],[-75.628855,37.977798],[-75.630992,37.975667],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.671681,37.966576],[-75.71315,37.976623],[-75.737514,37.963705],[-75.759091,37.970663],[-75.783444,37.972565],[-75.843768,37.927297],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.885032,37.911717],[-75.898316,37.925114],[-75.894065,37.93079],[-75.890871,37.954847],[-75.898956,37.974514],[-75.875297,38.011965],[-75.87319,38.034375],[-75.858891,38.03839],[-75.847922,38.03437],[-75.830023,38.042845],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.819415,38.066606],[-75.844265,38.072272],[-75.858944,38.067323],[-75.859005,38.060717],[-75.871503,38.05887],[-75.880515,38.075011],[-75.86381,38.100968],[-75.837563,38.113753],[-75.827993,38.132803],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.868636,38.134381],[-75.900355,38.14115],[-75.936773,38.124355],[-75.936663,38.109956],[-75.945297,38.113091],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.947534,38.168274],[-75.951812,38.176053],[-75.942375,38.187066],[-75.888073,38.203813],[-75.878293,38.198407],[-75.864104,38.200858],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.851396,38.226432],[-75.87031,38.243425],[-75.887409,38.24208],[-75.885676,38.231006],[-75.894583,38.228439],[-75.90845,38.246648],[-75.911143,38.257951],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-75.954483,38.264366],[-75.954582,38.254108],[-75.940697,38.246902],[-75.946414,38.23889],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.964528,38.240692],[-75.963453,38.251793],[-75.984274,38.265155],[-75.990385,38.282915],[-76.007118,38.303994],[-76.016291,38.307206],[-76.009377,38.311997],[-75.983186,38.314952],[-75.964237,38.324285],[-75.961948,38.341431],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.001839,38.374343],[-76.004946,38.372045],[-76.011869,38.360582],[-76.010437,38.352504],[-76.016682,38.332429],[-76.041431,38.322163],[-76.049609,38.309348],[-76.05022,38.304101],[-76.030532,38.28796],[-76.028234,38.282035],[-76.043927,38.249712],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.05801,38.227079],[-76.069502,38.238455],[-76.074491,38.251148],[-76.09972,38.253647],[-76.107592,38.262525],[-76.102549,38.277153],[-76.111296,38.286946],[-76.137238,38.281648],[-76.166154,38.290431],[-76.180115,38.277019],[-76.175783,38.261551],[-76.164388,38.250061],[-76.146297,38.249678],[-76.126623,38.242949],[-76.125856,38.23888],[-76.131332,38.23288],[-76.151035,38.234215],[-76.17335,38.247037],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.190531,38.277139],[-76.211446,38.302656],[-76.226376,38.309988],[-76.243897,38.310313],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.266602,38.339502],[-76.264186,38.346436],[-76.259286,38.341619],[-76.238452,38.347986],[-76.23901,38.350738],[-76.249666,38.364214],[-76.273003,38.366483],[-76.281697,38.39147],[-76.28302,38.413512],[-76.331383,38.473323],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.327257,38.500121],[-76.318054,38.498199],[-76.289507,38.503906],[-76.263968,38.503452],[-76.247894,38.523019],[-76.244396,38.536966],[-76.253624,38.539393],[-76.278106,38.532468],[-76.281047,38.53613],[-76.275913,38.548809],[-76.27964,38.557231],[-76.289017,38.567982],[-76.308321,38.571769],[-76.273496,38.59139],[-76.268633,38.597753],[-76.279589,38.60952],[-76.271827,38.615661],[-76.264155,38.615109],[-76.23665,38.628598],[-76.231187,38.61401],[-76.212427,38.606738],[-76.174969,38.628791],[-76.160148,38.625452],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.154889,38.656268],[-76.174611,38.672811],[-76.199722,38.671127],[-76.212808,38.681892],[-76.237818,38.711762],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.255093,38.736476],[-76.270277,38.724385],[-76.271553,38.713576],[-76.275015,38.712714],[-76.298499,38.718005],[-76.298186,38.726255],[-76.316146,38.729586],[-76.330149,38.714682],[-76.333532,38.705063],[-76.321865,38.689512],[-76.322418,38.679304],[-76.33861,38.672023],[-76.34322,38.67688],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.340543,38.730338],[-76.341288,38.751505],[-76.334619,38.772911],[-76.323768,38.779287],[-76.310743,38.795996],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.301886,38.824595],[-76.277854,38.831256],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.264221,38.851572],[-76.265759,38.847638],[-76.250364,38.825438],[-76.221162,38.813052],[-76.198138,38.81444],[-76.19109,38.82966],[-76.202598,38.862616],[-76.200082,38.882885],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.213731,38.937269],[-76.232038,38.942518],[-76.250157,38.938667],[-76.249163,38.9218],[-76.255819,38.919008],[-76.262226,38.919976],[-76.273022,38.94184],[-76.29558,38.928855],[-76.299431,38.918542],[-76.293255,38.902582],[-76.308425,38.898404],[-76.317947,38.911312],[-76.336104,38.905977],[-76.338501,38.892474],[-76.331103,38.864686],[-76.340587,38.85574],[-76.348826,38.857134],[-76.35996,38.852586],[-76.368164,38.836194],[-76.375086,38.839474],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.364678,38.873831],[-76.365658,38.907477],[-76.361727,38.939175],[-76.353828,38.957234],[-76.323293,38.998767],[-76.320277,39.022998],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.302029,39.039571],[-76.302846,39.025828],[-76.29409,39.004263],[-76.278058,38.983246],[-76.258813,38.983664],[-76.229993,38.977728],[-76.218929,38.970538],[-76.20236,38.973079],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.163616,39.010057],[-76.184207,39.046264],[-76.175284,39.058805],[-76.15896,39.065486],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.183908,39.096344],[-76.203333,39.085654],[-76.212563,39.041641],[-76.208502,39.024818],[-76.200666,39.01452],[-76.209114,39.01001],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.242687,39.028926],[-76.231212,39.060769],[-76.233457,39.091385],[-76.260343,39.142722],[-76.278527,39.145764],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.251032,39.199214],[-76.219338,39.261997],[-76.211306,39.269761],[-76.203031,39.269871],[-76.181496,39.291797],[-76.176804,39.306229],[-76.186024,39.312462],[-76.186001,39.317814],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.159673,39.335909],[-76.145524,39.334399],[-76.133225,39.340491],[-76.136971,39.344414],[-76.13495,39.35107],[-76.116698,39.360744],[-76.110598,39.372119],[-76.049846,39.370644],[-76.02299,39.361896],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-76.002514,39.384805],[-76.035464,39.386176],[-76.040854,39.393594],[-76.035298,39.401609],[-76.00688,39.414527],[-75.996697,39.430549],[-75.982585,39.435287],[-75.976698,39.44569],[-75.990005,39.458646],[-75.998276,39.457182],[-76.002497,39.450231],[-76.009071,39.449256],[-76.01188,39.452524],[-75.99657,39.476658],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-75.976105,39.529876],[-75.966955,39.53865],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-75.992633,39.563098],[-75.999669,39.560488],[-76.006213,39.550546],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.116831,39.496882],[-76.11461,39.488619],[-76.100218,39.476918],[-76.073119,39.475331],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.081176,39.436712],[-76.102232,39.435659],[-76.146373,39.40531],[-76.157108,39.406176],[-76.171134,39.392588],[-76.180057,39.377638],[-76.226976,39.349908],[-76.243377,39.361808],[-76.266365,39.353352],[-76.253928,39.336768],[-76.262008,39.334708],[-76.276078,39.322908],[-76.281578,39.302108],[-76.296546,39.302383],[-76.291078,39.318108],[-76.298778,39.329208],[-76.295678,39.350008],[-76.322687,39.357092],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.334401,39.335222],[-76.338898,39.325783],[-76.327579,39.314108],[-76.339817,39.304216],[-76.355495,39.312155],[-76.36439,39.31184],[-76.380662,39.299161],[-76.384901,39.275928],[-76.395136,39.269293],[-76.402047,39.258783],[-76.386937,39.249216],[-76.38138,39.249508],[-76.38438,39.242708],[-76.393626,39.232012],[-76.41762,39.219838],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.441411,39.196049],[-76.46156,39.204947],[-76.488883,39.202208],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.519804,39.222946],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.533103,39.20763],[-76.534185,39.190608],[-76.525785,39.177908],[-76.508384,39.169408],[-76.500926,39.161286],[-76.484023,39.164407],[-76.475983,39.161109],[-76.471483,39.154709],[-76.428681,39.131709],[-76.432481,39.126709],[-76.432981,39.113209],[-76.42186,39.081442],[-76.423081,39.07421],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.405081,39.033211],[-76.394699,39.0132],[-76.421535,38.989524],[-76.448928,38.982823],[-76.454581,38.974512],[-76.474198,38.972647],[-76.471281,38.956512],[-76.451695,38.94249],[-76.46188,38.924013],[-76.459479,38.907113],[-76.46938,38.907613],[-76.46948,38.911513],[-76.475761,38.914469],[-76.49368,38.910013],[-76.49068,38.884814],[-76.519442,38.863135],[-76.516944,38.851157],[-76.509285,38.848388],[-76.496579,38.853115],[-76.489878,38.838715],[-76.509314,38.802328],[-76.525531,38.794043],[-76.535207,38.778298],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.544561,38.727784],[-76.52718,38.727062],[-76.532409,38.680064],[-76.525007,38.647568],[-76.511278,38.615745],[-76.51634,38.590229],[-76.517506,38.539149],[-76.506023,38.50461],[-76.492699,38.482849],[-76.455799,38.451233],[-76.450937,38.442422],[-76.415384,38.414682],[-76.40271,38.396003],[-76.388348,38.387781],[-76.386229,38.382013],[-76.387408,38.360811],[-76.40494,38.341089],[-76.409291,38.325891],[-76.402894,38.311402],[-76.382163,38.303389],[-76.374517,38.296556],[-76.394171,38.278233],[-76.399313,38.259398],[-76.385244,38.217751],[-76.353799,38.178606],[-76.329711,38.15519],[-76.320492,38.138966],[-76.337342,38.120696],[-76.329165,38.071247],[-76.319476,38.043315],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.332812,38.049938],[-76.350656,38.053277],[-76.361237,38.059542],[-76.370845,38.077771],[-76.393121,38.103142],[-76.405368,38.106974],[-76.421066,38.105989],[-76.439841,38.138933],[-76.459236,38.139471],[-76.469798,38.119264],[-76.46533,38.10583],[-76.473266,38.103035],[-76.501258,38.137744],[-76.514824,38.141219],[-76.52899,38.134708],[-76.54038,38.152991],[-76.552957,38.187209],[-76.588683,38.21295],[-76.673462,38.234401],[-76.740055,38.235227],[-76.752017,38.222409],[-76.778625,38.22847],[-76.79659,38.236531],[-76.811647,38.250129],[-76.805949,38.252275],[-76.802347,38.280743],[-76.824834,38.30113],[-76.845846,38.297783],[-76.846221,38.29196],[-76.841703,38.289768],[-76.834908,38.274299],[-76.842038,38.254657],[-76.864292,38.268945],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-76.922161,38.311086],[-76.929554,38.321088],[-76.975092,38.347067],[-76.983582,38.362999],[-76.98828,38.394975],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.042879,38.443607],[-77.074174,38.425479],[-77.091073,38.407546],[-77.106571,38.406237],[-77.123325,38.410646],[-77.128872,38.399692],[-77.139968,38.390102],[-77.184917,38.366559],[-77.205009,38.360511],[-77.216729,38.363159],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.264238,38.414282],[-77.259962,38.435821],[-77.274021,38.481127],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.237724,38.55187],[-77.221117,38.555217],[-77.183767,38.600699],[-77.169968,38.60674],[-77.148651,38.6056],[-77.12463,38.619778],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.122001,38.685816],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.042045,38.720202]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Maryland\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6258f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, T. P.","contributorId":26028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223397,"text":"5223397 - 1996 - Nutritional value of winter foods for whooping cranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"5223397","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nutritional value of winter foods for whooping cranes","docAbstract":"We measured metabolizable energy and digestibility of Whooping Crane (Grus americana) winter foods (blue crab [Callinectes sapidus]), common Rangia clam (Rangia cuneata), wolfberry fruit (Lycium carolinianurn [wolfberry]), and live oak acorn (Ouercus virginiana [acorn])] with feeding trials to captive-reared Whooping Cranes. Apparent metabolizable energy coefficients (expressed as %) were for crab (34.1), Rangia clam (75.0), wolfberry (44.8), and acorn (43.2). Digestion coefficients for protein were lower for plant foods (48.9 and 53.4) than for animal foods (69.4 and 75.2). Digestion coefficients for total lipid differed among foods: highest and lowest lipid digestibility was for acorn (87.2) and wolfberry (60.0), respectively. We also determined total energy and percent protein and lipid of the four foods and stout razor clam (Tagelus plebeius); gross energy was 2-5x higher for acorn and wolfberry on a dry-weight basis than for blue crab and stout razor clam. Crude protein was 2-3x higher for blue crab than for wolfberry and stout razor clam. Wolfberry ranked the highest of five foods for metabolic energy and total lipid nutrient availability per kg of food ingested, and blue crab ranked highest for crude protein availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4988_Nelson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Nelson, J., Slack, R., and Gee, G., 1996, Nutritional value of winter foods for whooping cranes: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 4, p. 728-739.","productDescription":"728-739","startPage":"728","endPage":"739","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198691,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":16007,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n04/p0728-p0739.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69662a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, J.T.","contributorId":91052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, R.D.","contributorId":101769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223287,"text":"5223287 - 1996 - A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223287","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","docAbstract":"Cusp formation was observed during an instrumented, daily profiled, time series of a     reflective beach in Canaveral National Seashore, Florida on January 5, 1988.  The monitored cusp embayment formed by erosion of the foreshore and the cusp series had a mean spacing of approximately 28 m.  During this time, inshore fluid flows were dominated by two standing edge waves at frequencies of 0.06 Hz (primary) and 0.035 Hz (secondary) whereas incident waves were broadbanded at 0.12-0.16 Hz.  Directly measured flows (and indirectly estimated swash excursion) data support both the standing wave subharmonic model and the self-organization model of cusp formation in this study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., Psuty, N., Bauer, B., and Carter, R., 1996, A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 12, p. 622-629.","productDescription":"622-629","startPage":"622","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aecfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Psuty, N.P.","contributorId":58742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psuty","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, B.O.","contributorId":81604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"B.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, R.W.G.","contributorId":22470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223109,"text":"5223109 - 1996 - Reproductive success, growth and survival of black-crowned night-heron (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) and snowy egret (<i>Egretta thula</i>) chicks in coastal Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:32:30","indexId":"5223109","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproductive success, growth and survival of black-crowned night-heron (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) and snowy egret (<i>Egretta thula</i>) chicks in coastal Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied reproductive success, growth, and survival of Black-crowned Night-Heron (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) and Snowy Egret (<i>Egretta thula</i>) chicks in two mixed-species heronries on marsh islands in Chincoteague Bay, Accomack County, Virginia in 1992 and 1993. We attached radio transmitters with mortality sensors to the oldest chicks (A-chicks) in 11 to 22 nests of both species to monitor survival during the mid- to late nestling period and into the postnesting dispersal period. For both species, we found significant differences between 1992 and 1993 in growth rates and survival. Mass growth rates of chicks were higher in 1993 than in 1992 for both species. Culmen-length growth rates varied significantly due to year-colony effects for night-herons, but only for hatching order for egrets. Differences in survival rates due to hatching order were found for the egrets in both years, but were found only in 1992 for night-herons. As with mass growth rates, survival of chicks was higher in 1993 than 1992. Survival of radio-marked A-chicks did not differ between species or years for the period from hatching to fledging or from fledging through the end of the study (ca. two months postfledging). Survival ranged from 0.80 to 1.00 from the time radio transmitters were attached (ca. two weeks of age) until dispersal age (53-55 days for egrets; 55-60 days for night-herons). After birds left the colony, survival rates were lower during the next 40 to 55 days, ranging from 0.25 to 0.60. These results suggest that, at least for Snowy Egrets, A-chicks may be buffered from annual variations in food conditions, but that growth and survival of other brood members may provide a barometer of local conditions. Despite problems of variability in measurement, some of these parameters show promise as bioindicators of estuarine conditions. We recommend that a cost-efficient wading-bird monitoring program would include: (1) estimating numbers of nesting birds of selected species (e.g. Snowy Egrets) at particular estuaries, and (2) monitoring \"initial brood sizes\" and survival of young to at least two weeks of age in a sample of nests for each focal species. However, additional biomonitoring (e.g. marsh forage fish, contaminant loads) is necessary to evaluate how well top trophic-level organisms such as fish-eating birds respond to changes in estuarine production or quality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088940","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., Haig, J., Stotts, D.B., and Hatfield, J., 1996, Reproductive success, growth and survival of black-crowned night-heron (<i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i>) and snowy egret (<i>Egretta thula</i>) chicks in coastal Virginia: The Auk, v. 113, no. 1, p. 119-130, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088940.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael","contributorId":87854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, J.G.","contributorId":79580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeffrey S. jhatfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeffrey S.","email":"jhatfield@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221061,"text":"5221061 - 1996 - Can earthworms survive fire retardants?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:39","indexId":"5221061","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1638,"text":"Fire Management Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can earthworms survive fire retardants?","docAbstract":"Most common fire retardants are foams or are similar to common agricultural fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphate.   Although fire retardants are widely applied to soils, we lack basic information about their toxicities to soil organisms.  We measured the toxicity of five fire retardants (Firetrol LCG-R, Firetrol GTS-R, Silv-Ex Foam Concentrate, Phos-chek D-75, and Phos-chek WD-881) to earthworms using the pesticide toxicity test developed for earthworms by the European Economic Community.  None was lethal at 1,000 ppm in the soil, which was suggested as a relatively high exposure under normal applications.  We concluded that the fire retardants tested are relatively nontoxic to soil organisms compared with other environmental chemicals and that they probably do not reduce earthworm populations when applied under usual firefighting conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire Management Notes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4883_Beyer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., and Olson, A., 1996, Can earthworms survive fire retardants?: Fire Management Notes, v. 56, no. 1, p. 25-27.","productDescription":"25-27","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15969,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/fire/fmt/fmt_pdfs/fmn56-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"56","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e7081","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, A.","contributorId":27159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5224543,"text":"5224543 - 1996 - Tyrannula minima Baird & Baird, 1843 (currently Empidonax minimus) and Contopus pertinax Cabanis & Heine, 1859 (Aves, Passeriformes): Proposed conservation of the specific names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-10T00:46:21.148066","indexId":"5224543","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1110,"text":"Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tyrannula minima Baird & Baird, 1843 (currently Empidonax minimus) and Contopus pertinax Cabanis & Heine, 1859 (Aves, Passeriformes): Proposed conservation of the specific names","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1996, Tyrannula minima Baird & Baird, 1843 (currently Empidonax minimus) and Contopus pertinax Cabanis & Heine, 1859 (Aves, Passeriformes): Proposed conservation of the specific names: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 53, no. 2, p. 137-138.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"138","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623667","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223176,"text":"5223176 - 1996 - Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:12:05.743125","indexId":"5223176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waterbirds (waterfowl, colonially nesting wading and seabirds, ospreys [</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>], and bald eagles [</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>]) and shorebirds (sandpipers, plovers, and relatives) may constitute a large fraction of the toplevel carnivore trophic component in many shallow-water areas of the mid-Atlantic region. The large biomass of many species (&gt;1 kg body mass for the two raptors and some waterfowl) and enormous populations (e.g.,&gt;1 million shorebirds in late May in parts of Delaware Bay) reveal the importance of waterbirds as consumers and as linkages in nutrient flux in many shallow-water habitats. Salt and brackish marsh shallow-water habitats, including marsh pannes and tidal pools and creeks as well as constructed impoundments, are used intensively during most months of the year; in fall and winter, mostly by dabbling ducks, in spring and summer by migrant shorebirds and breeding colonial wading birds and seabirds. In adjacent estuaries, the intertidal flats and littoral zones of shallow embayments are heavily used by shorebirds, raptors, and colonial waterbirds in the May to September periods, with use by duck and geese heaviest from October to March. With the regional degradation of estuarine habitats and population declines of many species of waterbirds in the past 20 yr, some management recommedations relevant to shallow waters include: better protection, enhancement, and creation of small bay islands (small and isolated to preclude most mammalian predators) for nesting and brooding birds, especially colonial species; establishment of sanctuaries from human disturbance (e.g., boating, hunting) both in open water (waterfowl) and on land; better allocation of sandy dredged materials to augment islands or stabilize eroding islands; improvement in water management of existing impoundments to ensure good feeding, resting, and nesting opportunities for all the waterbirds; support for policies to preclude point and nonpoint source runoff of chemicals and nutrients to enable submerged aquatic vegetation to recover in many coastal bays; and improvement in environmental education concerning disturbance to wildlife for boaters and recreationists using the coastal zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352226","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., 1996, Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations: Estuaries, v. 19, no. 2A, p. 213-219, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352226.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.24031463591308,\n              40.45019055119553\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50995633425744,\n              39.81523947309478\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81195503640313,\n              39.47473158261252\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57773745970132,\n              39.881484428333636\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96602150531751,\n              39.74063750726398\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.58080457754252,\n              39.574565964881714\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.94751728729096,\n              39.13254884348723\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46522934811256,\n              38.62035681097663\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.42208667637699,\n              37.39666250006543\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.378944004642,\n              35.731392696463814\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9536515229733,\n              34.19347080756722\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4682964659537,\n              33.728289572480776\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7672280502582,\n              33.75519602784135\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36815833670842,\n              34.40731009911127\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.38666255473431,\n              34.69158076492167\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.37280976895956,\n              35.221963033937286\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.48066644829714,\n              35.915043995608144\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.72873681077463,\n              37.19437259840629\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.04923973094631,\n              38.00616525435754\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.83352637227102,\n              38.81747237772299\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.711816907158,\n              40.23170960412449\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89517326203254,\n              40.50289266971413\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.24031463591308,\n              40.45019055119553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66ead0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223112,"text":"5223112 - 1996 - Toxicity of seleno-l-methionine, seleno-dl-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T15:49:31.213551","indexId":"5223112","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of seleno-l-methionine, seleno-dl-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"<p><span>The toxicity of four chemical forms of selenium (seleno-L-methionine, seleno-DL-methionine, selenized yeast, and high selenium wheat) was compared in day-old mallard ducklings (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>). In the first experiment, in which the basal diet was 75% wheat, survival after 2 weeks was lower for ducklings fed 30 μg/g selenium as seleno-L-methionine (36%) than for ducklings fed 30 μg/g selenium as seleno-DL-methionine (100%) or 30 μg/g selenium from high selenium yeast (88%). The concentration of selenium at 2 weeks in the livers of survivors was similar for ducklings fed 15 μg/g selenium as seleno-DL-methionine (12 μg/g, wet weight), seleno-L-methionine (11 μg/g), and high selenium wheat (11 μg/g), but was lower when the selenium came from selenized yeast (6.2 μg/g). When fed 30 μg/g selenium from the various sources, the selenium concentrations in liver were 20 μg/g for seleno-DL-methionine, 19 μg/g for seleno-L-methionine, and 9.9 μg/g for selenized yeast. In a second experiment, in which the basal diet was a commercial duck feed, survival after 2 weeks was 100% in ducklings fed 30 μg/g selenium as seleno-DL-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast. Selenium concentrations in liver were similar for ducklings fed the 30-μg/g selenium diets as the DL or L forms of selenomethionine (27 and 25 μg/g), but lower for ducklings fed selenized yeast (13 μg/g). The greater toxicity of the L form of selenomethionine was probably related to the palatability or nutritional nature of the wheat-based diet used in experiment 1, but the exact reason for the difference between the DL and L forms is unknown. Biologically incorporated selenium, derived from high selenium wheat, was no more toxic than selenium derived from the two purified forms of selenomethionine, and the selenium in selenized yeast was not as toxic as that in the two forms of selenomethionine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00211333","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hoffman, D.J., and LeCaptain, L.J., 1996, Toxicity of seleno-l-methionine, seleno-dl-methionine, high selenium wheat, and selenized yeast to mallard ducklings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 93-99, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211333.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223256,"text":"5223256 - 1996 - Trail degradation as influenced by environmental factors: A state-of-the-knowledge review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5223256","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trail degradation as influenced by environmental factors: A state-of-the-knowledge review","docAbstract":"Excerpt:  Human use and misuse of land has been causing extensive degradation of the very natural resources on which we depend. National parks, wilderness and other protected natural or semi-natural areas (referred to as natural areas hereafter) represent efforts to preserve our natural heritage from further exploitation. Such areas also provide outstanding recreational, research, and educational opportunities. However, resource impacts resulting from overuse and inappropriate management increasingly threaten these protected areas and erode their natural and cultural values.    Among the many forms of recreational impact, those associated with trail development and use are often a major concern of natural area managers and visitors. Such impacts impair and degrade the functions that trails serve, including (1) protecting resources by concentrating traffic on a hardened tread, (2) providing recreational opportunities along aesthetically pleasing trail routes, and (3) facilitating recreational use by providing a transportation network. The extensive distribution of trails and their degrading condition in many natural areas can have pervasive environmental effects through alteration of natural drainage patterns, erosion and deposition of soil, introduction of exotic vegetation, and increasing human-wildlife conflicts. Degraded trails also threaten the quality of visitor experiences by making travel difficult or unsafe, or by diminishing visitors ?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Leung, Y., and Marion, J., 1996, Trail degradation as influenced by environmental factors: A state-of-the-knowledge review: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 51, no. 2, p. 130-136.","productDescription":"130-136","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15991,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/51/2/130.extract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db626eb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leung, Y.-F.","contributorId":34613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Y.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223162,"text":"5223162 - 1996 - ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lancia, R., Braun, C., Collopy, M.W., Dueser, R., Kie, J., Martinka, C., Nichols, J., Nudds, T., Porath, W., and Tilghman, N., 1996, ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 436-442.","productDescription":"436-442","startPage":"436","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15990,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783324","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lancia, R.A.","contributorId":42327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancia","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, C.E.","contributorId":57421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collopy, Michael W.","contributorId":77890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collopy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dueser, R.D.","contributorId":45033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dueser","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kie, J.G.","contributorId":70891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kie","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinka, C.J.","contributorId":51418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinka","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nudds, T.D.","contributorId":40182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nudds","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Porath, W.R.","contributorId":57571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porath","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tilghman, N.G.","contributorId":94009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilghman","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
]}