{"pageNumber":"3702","pageRowStart":"92525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":5223287,"text":"5223287 - 1996 - A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223287","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation","docAbstract":"Cusp formation was observed during an instrumented, daily profiled, time series of a     reflective beach in Canaveral National Seashore, Florida on January 5, 1988.  The monitored cusp embayment formed by erosion of the foreshore and the cusp series had a mean spacing of approximately 28 m.  During this time, inshore fluid flows were dominated by two standing edge waves at frequencies of 0.06 Hz (primary) and 0.035 Hz (secondary) whereas incident waves were broadbanded at 0.12-0.16 Hz.  Directly measured flows (and indirectly estimated swash excursion) data support both the standing wave subharmonic model and the self-organization model of cusp formation in this study.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., Psuty, N., Bauer, B., and Carter, R., 1996, A field data assessment of contemporary models of beach cusp formation: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 12, p. 622-629.","productDescription":"622-629","startPage":"622","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aecfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Psuty, N.P.","contributorId":58742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psuty","given":"N.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauer, B.O.","contributorId":81604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"B.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carter, R.W.G.","contributorId":22470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"R.W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223222,"text":"5223222 - 1996 - Malocclusion in the jaws of captive bred Arctic wolves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T00:53:35.442771","indexId":"5223222","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Malocclusion in the jaws of captive bred Arctic wolves","docAbstract":"Similar abnormalities in the skulls of captive Arctic Wolves (Canis lupus arctos) and a wild Arctic wolf found dead on Ellesmere Island, Canada, in 1986 are described.  The malocclusion is likely to be recessively inherited and would be expressed more frequently in association with increased levels of inbreeding.  A re-shaping of the skulls may have occurred due to the effects of the malocclusive trait.  The Ellesmere skull was short and wide in comparison to the captive skulls which were long and narrow.  The focus of effect was in a foreshortening of the rostrum and the resulting shortened toothrow.","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","usgsCitation":"Federoff, N., 1996, Malocclusion in the jaws of captive bred Arctic wolves: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 110, p. 683-687.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"683","endPage":"687","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422541,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/357547"},{"id":200132,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Federoff, N.E.","contributorId":50492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federoff","given":"N.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223159,"text":"5223159 - 1996 - Accumulation of chlorinated benzenes in earthworms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:41:27.99233","indexId":"5223159","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation of chlorinated benzenes in earthworms","docAbstract":"Chlorinated benzenes are widespread in the environment.  Hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene and all isomers of dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes, and tetrachlorobenzenes, have been detected in fish, water, and sediments from the Great Lakes.  This paper describes a long-term (26 week) experiment relating the concentrations of chlorinated benzenes in earthworms to 1) the length of exposure, and it describes three 8-week experiments relating concentrations of chlorinated benzenes in earthworms to 2) their concentration in soil 3) the soil organic matter content and, 4) the degree of chlorination.  In the 26-week experiment, the concentration of 1,2,4 - trichlorobenzene in earthworms fluctuated only slightly about a mean of 0.63 ppm (Fig. 1). Although a statistically significant decrease can be demonstrated over the test (Pearson correlation coefficient,  r = -0.62 p < 0.05), the decrease was minor.   Hexachlorobenzene in earthworms showed a cyclical trend that coincided with replacement of the media, and a slight but statistically significant tendency to increase from about 2 to 3 ppm over the 26 weeks (r = 0.55, p < 0.05).  Concentrations of both trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene in earthworms increased as the concentrations in the soil increased (Fig. 2), but leveled off at the highest soil concentrations.  The most surprising result of this study was the relatively low concentrations in earthworms compared to those in soils.  The average concentration of each of the six isomers of trichlorobenzene and tetrachlorobenzene in earthworms was only about 1 ppm (Table 2); the isomeric structure did not affect accumulation. The concentration of organic matter in soil had a prominent effect on hexachlorobenzene concentrations in earthworms (Fig. 3). Hexachlorobenzene concentrations decreased steadily from 9.3 ppm in earthworms kept in soil without any peat moss added to about 1 ppm in soil containing 16 or 32% organic matter.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s001289900250","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 1996, Accumulation of chlorinated benzenes in earthworms: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 57, no. 5, p. 729-736, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900250.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"736","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c8e4b07f02db5415d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223152,"text":"5223152 - 1996 - Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"5223152","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests","docAbstract":"We conducted simulations that estimated power and type I error rates of statistical tests for detecting trends in raptor population count data collected from a single monitoring site. Results of the simulations were used to help analyze count data of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) from 7 national forests in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin during 1980-1989.  Seven statistical tests were evaluated, including simple linear regression on the log scale and linear regression with a permutation test.  Using 1,000 replications each, we simulated n = 10 and n = 50 years of count data and trends ranging from -5 to 5% change/year.  We evaluated the tests at 3 critical levels (alpha = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10) for both  upper- and lower-tailed tests.  Exponential count data were simulated by adding sampling error with a coefficient of variation of 40% from either a log-normal or autocorrelated log-normal distribution.  Not surprisingly, tests performed with 50 years of data were much more powerful than tests with 10 years of data.  Positive autocorrelation inflated alpha-levels upward from their nominal levels, making the tests less conservative and more likely to reject the null hypothesis of no trend.  Of the tests studied, Cox and Stuart's test and Pollard's test clearly had lower power than the others.  Surprisingly, the linear regression t-test, Collins' linear regression permutation test, and the nonparametric Lehmann's and Mann's tests all had similar  power in our simulations.  Analyses of the count data suggested that bald eagles had increasing trends on at least 2 of the 7 national forests during 1980-1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J., Gould, W., Hoover, B.A., Fuller, M., and Lindquist, E.L., 1996, Detecting trends in raptor counts: power and type I error rates of various statistical tests: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 505-515.","productDescription":"505-515","startPage":"505","endPage":"515","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15980,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783335","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667adb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, W.R. IV","contributorId":106223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"W.R.","suffix":"IV","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoover, Brett A.","contributorId":108213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223090,"text":"5223090 - 1996 - Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:56:27.69705","indexId":"5223090","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study","docAbstract":"Capture-recapture and band recovery models were used to estimate age-specific survival probabilities for female Northern Shovelers (Anas clypeata), Common Pochards (Aythya ferina), and Tufted Ducks (Aythya.fuligula) at Engure Marsh, Latvia, in 1964-1993.  We banded more than 65,100 day-old ducklings of both sexes and captured 10,211 incubating females (3,713 new bandings and 6,498 recaptures).  We developed a set of 3-age capture-recapture models to estimate annual survival rates for female ducklings, yearlings (SY), and adults (ASY) using programs SURGE and SURVIV and selected parsimonious models using a method developed bv Akaike (1973).  Survival rates of SY and ASY females were highest-for Tufted Ducks intermediate for Common Pochards, and lowest for Northern Shovelers.  Survival rates of SY and ASY females varied in parallel for shovelers and pochards.  We believe that much of the difference in survival estimates between SY and ASY birds was caused by mortality rather than permanent emigration.  Estimates of day-old duckling survival, reflecting both mortality and permanent emigration, were 0.12 for shoveler, 0.06 for pochard, and 0.03 for Tufted Duck.  For all species, duckling survival varied over years, but the pattern of variation was not similar to that of the other age classes.  Estimates of survival using band recovery data for SY + ASY female pochards and Tufted Ducks were similar to the capture-recapturee stimates, suggestingt hat surviving females returned to the breeding marsh with probabilities approaching 1.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369509","usgsCitation":"Blums, P., Mednis, A., Bauga, I., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1996, Age-specific survival and philopatry in three species of European ducks: A long-term study: Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 61-74, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479026,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db689180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blums, Peter","contributorId":25652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blums","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mednis, Aivars","contributorId":73695,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mednis","given":"Aivars","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bauga, I.","contributorId":50618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauga","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223097,"text":"5223097 - 1996 - Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5223097","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons","docAbstract":"We studied the postfledging dispersal movements and habitat use of juvenile Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula) (SNEG) and Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) (BCNH) in coastal Virginia using a dye (picric acid) and  radiotelemetry.  Results from monitoring radiomarked birds  revealed significant differences both years between species,  with SNEGs dispersing more widely than BCNHs. BCNH juveniles  usually remained south of Delaware, but SNEGs often moved  into Delaware and southern New Jersey.  The maximum dispersal  distance found for a SNEG was ca 340 km north of the natal  colony.  Temporal patterns of movement followed logistic  relationships, with rapid initial movements, but relatively few movements after about 23 weeks for most birds.  Cumulative distances moved by juvenile SNEGs during AugustSeptember differed from 1992 to 1993.  No such year difference  was found for BCNHs.  Compared to SNEGs, BCNHs used man-made impoundments relatively more often than natural wetlands; however no quantitative assessment of habitat preferences could be made.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4916_Erwin.pdf","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Haig, J., Stotts, D.B., and Hatfield, J., 1996, Dispersal and habitat use by post-fledging juvenile snowy egrets and black-crowned night-herons: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 2, p. 342-356.","productDescription":"342-356","startPage":"342","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198239,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n02/p0342-p0356.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a3cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, J.G.","contributorId":79580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stotts, Daniel B.","contributorId":90003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stotts","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223223,"text":"5223223 - 1996 - First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:28:00","indexId":"5223223","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"<p><span>Currently the operational analysis of Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data by the National Biological Service accounts for observer differences in estimating the trend for each route, but within-observer differences are not modeled. We tested for the existence of a form of within-observer differences in skill level, namely a change in ability to count birds of a given species after an observer's first year on a given route. An increase in ability could positively bias the trend estimate. Removal of an observer's first year of observation on each route for the period 1966 to 1991 resulted in lower average unweighted trend estimates for 415 of 459 species (90%). These reductions were statistically significant for 213 species (46%). The average reduction in trend was 1.8% change per year (SD = 5.4%). In route-regression analysis, route data are weighted by a measure of precision. Removing first-year observer counts reduced the weighted trend estimate for 275 of 416 species (66%), but differences generally were small.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088860","usgsCitation":"Kendall, W., Peterjohn, B., and Sauer, J., 1996, First-time observer effects in the North American Breeding Bird Survey: The Auk, v. 113, no. 4, p. 823-829, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088860.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"829","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f33b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, W. L. 0000-0003-0084-9891","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-9891","contributorId":32880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"W. L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223178,"text":"5223178 - 1996 - Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:50:17","indexId":"5223178","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concentrations of over 100 ppm (mg/kg) selenium (Se) have been found in aquatic plants and insects associated with irrigation drainwater and toxicity to fish and wildlife. Composition of diet for wild ducklings can vary in selenium-contaminated environments. Earlier studies have compared toxicities and oxidative stress of Se as selenite to those of seleno-DL-methionine (DL) in mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>). This study compares DL, seleno-L-methionine (L), selenized yeast (Y) and selenized wheat (W). Day-old mallard ducklings received an untreated diet (controls) containing 75% wheat (22% protein) or the same diet containing 15 or 30 ppm Se in the above forms except for 30 ppm Se as W. After 2 weeks, blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical assays and Se analysis. All forms of selenium caused significant increases in plasma and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities. Se as L at 30 ppm in the diet was the most toxic form, resulting in high mortality (64%) and impaired growth (&gt;50%) in survivors and the greatest increase in ratio of oxidized to reduced hepatic glutathione (GSH). Se as both L and DL decreased the concentrations of hepatic GSH and total thiols. Se as Y accumulated the least in liver (approximately 50% of other forms) and had less effect on GSH and total thiols. In a second experiment, in which the basal diet was a commercial duck feed (22% protein), survival was not affected by 30 ppm Se as DL, L, or Y and oxidative effects on GSH metabolism were less pronounced than with the wheat diet.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00203916","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Heinz, G.H., LeCaptain, L.J., Eisemann, J., and Pendleton, G., 1996, Toxicity and oxidative stress of different forms of organic selenium and dietary protein in mallard ducklings: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 120-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203916.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"127","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeCaptain, L. J.","contributorId":91056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCaptain","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eisemann, J.D.","contributorId":108220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223374,"text":"5223374 - 1996 - Interlaboratory study of precision:  Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:10:04","indexId":"5223374","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaboratory study of precision:  Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays","docAbstract":"<p><span>Standard 10-d whole-sediment toxicity test methods have recently been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the amphipod </span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span> and the midge </span><i>Chironomus tentans</i><span>. An interlaboratory evaluation of method precision was performed using a group of seven to 10 laboratories, representing government, academia, and environmental consulting firms. The test methods followed the EPA protocols for 4-d water-only reference toxicant (KCl) testing (static exposure) and for 10-d whole-sediment testing. Test sediments included control sediment, two copper-containing sediments, and a sediment contaminated primarily with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Reference toxicant tests resulted in </span><i>H. azteca</i><span> and </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> median lethal concentration (LC50) values with coefficents of variation (CVs) of 15.8 and 19.6%, respectively. Whole sediments which were moderately contaminated provided the best estimates of precision using CVs. </span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span> and </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> tests in moderately contaminated sediments exhibited LC50 CVs of 38.9 and 13.5%, respectively. The CV for </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> growth was 31.9%. Only 3% (1 of 28) of samples exceeded acceptable interlaboratory precision limits for the </span><i>H. azteca</i><span> survival tests. No samples exceeded the intralaboratory precision limit for </span><i>H. azteca</i><span> or </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> survival tests. However, intralaboratory variability limits for </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> growth were exceeded by 80 and 100% of the laboratories for a moderately toxic and control sample, respectively. Interlaboratory variability limits for </span><i>C. tentans</i><span> survival were not exceeded by any laboratory. The results showed these test methods to have relatively low variance and acceptable levels of precision in interlaboratory comparisons.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620150812","usgsCitation":"Burton, G., Norberg-King, T., Ingersoll, C., Benoit, D., Ankley, G., Winger, P.V., Kubitz, J., Lazorchak, J., Smith, M., Greer, E., Dwyer, F., Call, D., Day, K., Kennedy, P., and Stinson, M., 1996, Interlaboratory study of precision:  Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans freshwater sediment toxicity assays: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1335-1343, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150812.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1343","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198117,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0893","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, G.A. Jr.","contributorId":91959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Benoit, D.A.","contributorId":73310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kubitz, J.","contributorId":72898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubitz","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lazorchak, J.M.","contributorId":34620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazorchak","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, M.E.","contributorId":104525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Greer, E.","contributorId":52295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greer","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Call, D.J.","contributorId":28701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Call","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Day, K.E.","contributorId":50624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Kennedy, P.","contributorId":64763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Stinson, M.","contributorId":74843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stinson","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":5223306,"text":"5223306 - 1996 - Description of adults, eggshells, nestling, fledgling, and nest of the poo-uli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"5223306","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description of adults, eggshells, nestling, fledgling, and nest of the poo-uli","docAbstract":"The Poo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), a Hawaiian honeycreeper discovered on the island of Maui in 1973 and now near extinction, is represented in museums by only two specimens. Based on the first observations of a nesting pair and re-examination of the two specimens, we describe the adult male and female, eggshells, nestling, and fledgling Poo-uli. Poo-uli are sexually monochromatic but males are brighter. The male is brown above, whitish below, and has an extensive black mask bordered with gray on the crown and a distinct white auricular patch. The female differs in having a similar facial pattern not as sharply demarked and in having a grayish wash below. The observed fledgling resembled the adults but was paler brown above and whitish below and had a much smaller black mask and pale mandible. We tentatively assigned both museum specimens to first basic plumage because they resembled the adult female but retained some pale juvenal coloration in the mandible. We also determined from dissection that the holotype was an immature male; we could not determine sex of the paratype. The nest was an open cup of twigs and bryophytes with a thin lining of fern rootlets. The nest contained eggshell fragments with brown-gray speckling against a whitish background. The nests, eggshells, and nestlings resemble those of other Hawaiian honeycreepers. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4912_Engilis.pdf","usgsCitation":"Engilis, A., Pratt, T., Kepler, C.B., Ecton, A., and Fluetsch, K., 1996, Description of adults, eggshells, nestling, fledgling, and nest of the poo-uli: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 4, p. 607-619.","productDescription":"607-619","startPage":"607","endPage":"619","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n04/p0607-p0619.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d96d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engilis, A. Jr.","contributorId":22467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engilis","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ecton, A.M.","contributorId":98424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ecton","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fluetsch, K.M.","contributorId":98420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fluetsch","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223181,"text":"5223181 - 1996 - Small mammal populations in Maryland meadows during four years of herbicide (brominal®) applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T15:02:55","indexId":"5223181","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small mammal populations in Maryland meadows during four years of herbicide (brominal®) applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>The herbicide Brominal® was applied at the recommended rate to one plot in each of three paired 0.6-ha plots; the other three plots were used as controls. Plots were sprayed once in the fall of 1988 and 1989 and twice in the spring of 1990 and 1991. Small mammals were trapped three times during each activity season (April-October) to obtain population estimates before and after spraying and in the spring preceding fall spraying or the fall following spring spraying. Population estimates immediately after spraying gave no evidence of direct mortality. By 1991, dicot vegetation on treated plots was suppressed and mean numbers of meadow voles </span><i>(Microtus pennsylvanicus)</i><span> were less than on control plots. Because meadow voles favor dicots over monocots in their diet, reduced availability of dicots may have been related to the smaller vole population estimates. Species diversity of small mammals was negatively correlated with size of vole populations, but was not different between treated and control plots. Brominal apparently induced opaque corneas in nine voles. The condition was found in two voles too small to have been conceived at the time of the last previous spray nearly 8 months earlier, suggesting exposure to residue alone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620150917","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Moulton, C., Hines, J., and Hoffman, D.J., 1996, Small mammal populations in Maryland meadows during four years of herbicide (brominal®) applications: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 9, p. 1544-1550, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150917.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1550","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moulton, C.A.","contributorId":62309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulton","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223288,"text":"5223288 - 1996 - Nymphal survival and habitat distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks (Acari:Ixodidae) on Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"5223288","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1610,"text":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nymphal survival and habitat distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks (Acari:Ixodidae) on Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"The distribution and survival of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum were studied in deciduous and coniferous wooded habitats and in open habitats on Fire Island, New York, USA. The survival of nymphal I. scapularis in field enclosures was greater in forests than in open habitats, suggesting that greater survival contributes to the higher tick population in the woods. The nymphs of each species were more common in deciduous thickets (predominantly Aronia arbutifolia and Vaccinium corynbosum) than in coniferous woods (mostly Pinus rigida) in most but not all years. Larval I. scapularis were more common in coniferous sites in 1994, while the same ticks, as nymphs, were more common in deciduous sites in 1995. The survival of the nymphs was not consistently greater in either the deciduous or coniferous woods. Therefore, factors other than nymphal survival (e.g. larval overwintering survival and tick movement on hosts) probably influenced the relative nymph abundance in different forest types. Overall, the survival of A. americanum was far higher than that of I. scapularis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Experimental and Applied Acarology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF00048285","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., and Zhioua, E., 1996, Nymphal survival and habitat distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum ticks (Acari:Ixodidae) on Fire Island, New York: Experimental and Applied Acarology, v. 20, p. 533-544, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048285.","productDescription":"533-544","startPage":"533","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487061,"rank":201,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/pls_facpubs/179","text":"External Repository"},{"id":199347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15979,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048285","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhioua, E.","contributorId":27165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhioua","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223200,"text":"5223200 - 1996 - Purification and immunochemical detection of β-naphthoflavone-and phenobarbital-induced avian cytochrome P450 enzymes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-05T17:45:24.316708","indexId":"5223200","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Purification and immunochemical detection of β-naphthoflavone-and phenobarbital-induced avian cytochrome P450 enzymes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Livers from mallards (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) were treated with either β-naphthoflavone (50 mg/kg) or phenobarbital (70 mg/kg). Purification of induced hepatic cytochrome P450 was accomplished using both DEAE and hydroxyapatite columns, as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation. Polyclonal antibodies to these proteins were then produced in young male New Zealand White rabbits. β-Naphthoflavone (βNF)- and phenobarbital (PB)-treated red-winged blackbird, screech owl, European starling, and lesser scaup liver microsomes were analyzed in western blots for species cross-reactivity. Although all four of these avian species exhibited cross-reactivity with antibodies to βNF-induced mallard P450, all but the lesser scaup revealed a protein of higher molecular weight than that of the βNF-induced mallard. In addition, only the lesser scaup exhibited cross-reactivity with the anti-PB-induced mallard P450 antibodies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620151226","usgsCitation":"Brown, R., Levi, P., Hodgson, E., and Melancon, M.J., 1996, Purification and immunochemical detection of β-naphthoflavone-and phenobarbital-induced avian cytochrome P450 enzymes: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 12, p. 2293-2298, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620151226.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2293","endPage":"2298","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db65578e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R.L.","contributorId":107014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levi, P.E.","contributorId":102979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levi","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodgson, E.","contributorId":31086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgson","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melancon, M. J.","contributorId":96206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223235,"text":"5223235 - 1996 - Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T16:50:59.290237","indexId":"5223235","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest","docAbstract":"We measured the diameter at breast height of all trees and shrubs > 5 meters in height, including standing dead trees, on 68 0.04-hectare study plots in a montane, subtropical rain forest on Mauna Loa, Hawai`i.  The canopy species consisted of 88 percent Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) and 12 percent  Acacia koa (koa).  Negative associations were found between the densities of koa and ohia, the density of koa and the total basal area of ohia, and the total basal areas of koa and ohia.  The two-species lottery competition model, a stochastic model in which the coexistence of two species in a space-limited community results from temporal variation in recruitment and death rates, predicts a quadratic-beta distribution for the proportion of space occupied by each species.  A discrete version of the quadratic-beta distribution, the quadratic-beta binomial distribution, was fit to the live koa and ohia densities and assessed with goodness-of-fit tests.  Likelihood ratio tests provided evidence that the mean adult death rates of the two species were equal but that the relative competitive abilities of the two species favored ohia.  These tests were corroborated by a contingency table analysis of death rates based on standing dead trees and growth rate studies which report that koa grows much faster than ohia. The lottery model predicts a positive covariance between death rates and ohia recruitment when mean death rates are equal and koa has a higher growth rate than ohia.  We argue that the competitive advantage of ohia is due to its superior dispersal ability into large gaps, which would yield the positive covariance described above, and it is this positive covariance term that skews the occupation of space in favor of ohia.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2389061","usgsCitation":"Hatfield, J.S., Link, W.A., Dawson, D.K., and Lindquist, E.L., 1996, Coexistence and community structure of tropical trees in a Hawaiian montane rain forest: Biotropica, v. 28, no. 46, p. 746-758, https://doi.org/10.2307/2389061.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"758","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kulani Forest, Mauna Loa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.35772976577198,\n              19.559813709728928\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35772976577198,\n              19.498295360209283\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24238871033742,\n              19.498295360209283\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.24238871033742,\n              19.559813709728928\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35772976577198,\n              19.559813709728928\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae99b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":95187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5223179,"text":"5223179 - 1996 - Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-14T17:27:19.665319","indexId":"5223179","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1713,"text":"Fundamental and Applied Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (<i>Falco sparverius</i>)","title":"Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Planar PCB congeners are embryotoxic and teratogenic to birds including American kestrels. The developmental toxicity of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) was studied in the posthatching kestrel as a model for the eagle. Nestlings were dosed orally for 10 days with 5 μl/g body weight of corn oil (controls) or the planar PCB 126 at concentrations of 50, 250, or 1000 ng/g body weight. Dosing with 50 ng/g of PCB 126 resulted in a hepatic concentration of 156 ng/g wet weight, liver enlargement and mild coagulative necrosis, over 10-fold increases in hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-</span><i>O</i><span>-dealkylase and benzyloxyresorufin-</span><i>O</i><span>-dealkylase, and approximately a 5-fold increase in methoxyresorufin-</span><i>O</i><span>-dealkylase. At this dose, mild to moderate lymphoid depletion of the spleen was apparent, as were decreased follicle size and content of the thyroid. At 250 ng/g, concentration of PCB 126 in the liver was 380 ng/g with increasing multifocal coagulative necrosis, decreased bone growth, decreased spleen weight with lymphocyte depletion of the spleen and bursa, and degenerative lesions of the thyroid. At 1000 ng/g, the liver concentration was 1098 ng/g, accompanied by decreased bursa weight, decreased hepatic thiol concentration, and increased plasma enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and LDH-L) in addition to the previous effects. Highly significant positive correlations were noted between liver concentrations of PCB 126 and the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathone. These findings indicate that nestling kestrels are more susceptible to PCB 126 toxicity than adults, but less sensitive than embryos, and that planar PCBs are of potential hazard to nestling birds..</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/faat.1996.0189","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, D.J., Melancon, M.J., Klein, P.N., Rice, C., Eisemann, J.D., Hines, R.K., Spann, J.W., and Pendleton, G.W., 1996, Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius): Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v. 34, no. 2, p. 188-200, https://doi.org/10.1006/faat.1996.0189.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"188","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melancon, Mark J.","contributorId":21918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melancon","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klein, P. N.","contributorId":33261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rice, Clifford P.","contributorId":270789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rice","given":"Clifford P.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":338064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eisemann, John D.","contributorId":37462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisemann","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hines, Randy K. 0000-0002-5135-3135 rkhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-3135","contributorId":3340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"Randy","email":"rkhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Spann, James W.","contributorId":27944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5223230,"text":"5223230 - 1996 - Ecology and management of mosquitoes and eastern equine encephalitis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:33","indexId":"5223230","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3221,"text":"RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology and management of mosquitoes and eastern equine encephalitis","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ginsberg, H., Gettman, A., and LeBrun, R., 1996, Ecology and management of mosquitoes and eastern equine encephalitis: RINHewS: Newsletter of the Rhode Island Natural History Survey, v. 3, no. 2, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"4-5","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gettman, A.","contributorId":81592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gettman","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeBrun, R.A.","contributorId":43068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBrun","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223120,"text":"5223120 - 1996 - Potential predation by fish crows at bird boxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223120","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential predation by fish crows at bird boxes","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1996, Potential predation by fish crows at bird boxes: Raven, v. 67, p. 25-27.","productDescription":"25-27","startPage":"25","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682f3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223121,"text":"5223121 - 1996 - Great blue heron electrocution in Loudoun County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3236,"text":"Raven","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great blue heron electrocution in Loudoun County, Virginia","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Raven","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Clapp, R.B., 1996, Great blue heron electrocution in Loudoun County, Virginia: Raven, v. 67, p. 28-31.","productDescription":"28-31","startPage":"28","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671eda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clapp, R. B.","contributorId":9371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clapp","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223162,"text":"5223162 - 1996 - ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Lancia, R., Braun, C., Collopy, M.W., Dueser, R., Kie, J., Martinka, C., Nichols, J., Nudds, T., Porath, W., and Tilghman, N., 1996, ARM! For the future: adaptive resource management in the wildlife profession: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 3, p. 436-442.","productDescription":"436-442","startPage":"436","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15990,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783324","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":200055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a47a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lancia, R.A.","contributorId":42327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancia","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Braun, C.E.","contributorId":57421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Collopy, Michael W.","contributorId":77890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collopy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dueser, R.D.","contributorId":45033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dueser","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kie, J.G.","contributorId":70891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kie","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martinka, C.J.","contributorId":51418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinka","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nudds, T.D.","contributorId":40182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nudds","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Porath, W.R.","contributorId":57571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porath","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tilghman, N.G.","contributorId":94009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilghman","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5223176,"text":"5223176 - 1996 - Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:12:05.743125","indexId":"5223176","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Waterbirds (waterfowl, colonially nesting wading and seabirds, ospreys [</span><i>Pandion haliaetus</i><span>], and bald eagles [</span><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>]) and shorebirds (sandpipers, plovers, and relatives) may constitute a large fraction of the toplevel carnivore trophic component in many shallow-water areas of the mid-Atlantic region. The large biomass of many species (&gt;1 kg body mass for the two raptors and some waterfowl) and enormous populations (e.g.,&gt;1 million shorebirds in late May in parts of Delaware Bay) reveal the importance of waterbirds as consumers and as linkages in nutrient flux in many shallow-water habitats. Salt and brackish marsh shallow-water habitats, including marsh pannes and tidal pools and creeks as well as constructed impoundments, are used intensively during most months of the year; in fall and winter, mostly by dabbling ducks, in spring and summer by migrant shorebirds and breeding colonial wading birds and seabirds. In adjacent estuaries, the intertidal flats and littoral zones of shallow embayments are heavily used by shorebirds, raptors, and colonial waterbirds in the May to September periods, with use by duck and geese heaviest from October to March. With the regional degradation of estuarine habitats and population declines of many species of waterbirds in the past 20 yr, some management recommedations relevant to shallow waters include: better protection, enhancement, and creation of small bay islands (small and isolated to preclude most mammalian predators) for nesting and brooding birds, especially colonial species; establishment of sanctuaries from human disturbance (e.g., boating, hunting) both in open water (waterfowl) and on land; better allocation of sandy dredged materials to augment islands or stabilize eroding islands; improvement in water management of existing impoundments to ensure good feeding, resting, and nesting opportunities for all the waterbirds; support for policies to preclude point and nonpoint source runoff of chemicals and nutrients to enable submerged aquatic vegetation to recover in many coastal bays; and improvement in environmental education concerning disturbance to wildlife for boaters and recreationists using the coastal zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352226","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., 1996, Dependence of waterbirds and shorebirds on shallow-water habitats in the Mid-Atlantic coastal region: An ecological profile and management recommendations: Estuaries, v. 19, no. 2A, p. 213-219, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352226.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"219","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.24031463591308,\n              40.45019055119553\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50995633425744,\n              39.81523947309478\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.81195503640313,\n              39.47473158261252\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.57773745970132,\n              39.881484428333636\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.96602150531751,\n              39.74063750726398\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.58080457754252,\n              39.574565964881714\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.94751728729096,\n              39.13254884348723\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46522934811256,\n              38.62035681097663\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.42208667637699,\n              37.39666250006543\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.378944004642,\n              35.731392696463814\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.9536515229733,\n              34.19347080756722\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.4682964659537,\n              33.728289572480776\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.7672280502582,\n              33.75519602784135\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36815833670842,\n              34.40731009911127\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.38666255473431,\n              34.69158076492167\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.37280976895956,\n              35.221963033937286\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.48066644829714,\n              35.915043995608144\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.72873681077463,\n              37.19437259840629\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.04923973094631,\n              38.00616525435754\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.83352637227102,\n              38.81747237772299\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.711816907158,\n              40.23170960412449\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.89517326203254,\n              40.50289266971413\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.24031463591308,\n              40.45019055119553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66ead0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223307,"text":"5223307 - 1996 - Nesting behavior of the poo-uli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:34","indexId":"5223307","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting behavior of the poo-uli","docAbstract":"We describe two sequential nestings of a pair of Poo-uli (Melamprosops phaeosoma), a Hawaiian honeycreeper nearing extinction. Similarities to nesting of most other honeycreepers included: nest site in ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud.) canopy; breeding in March through June; monogamous breeding system with the putative male helping build the nest, feeding the putative female throughout each nesting event, and feeding the chicks, but not incubating or brooding; and complete nest sanitation. Notable differences were the paucity of songs and calls by the parents and inclusion of snails in the diet of nestlings. Clutch size was probably two eggs for both nests. High winds, rain, or both influenced parental behavior: the female stayed longer on the nest and took shorter recesses in poor weather. Weather did not affect rates at which the male fed the female on the nest; however, the feeding rate increased from the egg to the chick stage probably because food was passed on to the chicks. At nest #2, parents fed young chicks (<14 days old) more often in good than in poor weather; data were insufficient for old chicks. Weather is usually poor throughout the year in the relictual range of the Poo-uli and is likely to impact nesting success. The first nest failed in poor weather. The second fledged a single young 21 days old. Diet of nestlings appeared to consist of a higher proportion of insect larvae than that of older birds, which are reported to eat mostly snails.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"4950_Kepler.pdf","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., Pratt, T., Ecton, A., Engilis, A., and Fluetsch, K., 1996, Nesting behavior of the poo-uli: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 4, p. 620-638.","productDescription":"620-638","startPage":"620","endPage":"638","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15988,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n04/p0620-p0638.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, C. B.","contributorId":62548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"C.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, T.K.","contributorId":13717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ecton, A.M.","contributorId":98424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ecton","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engilis, A. Jr.","contributorId":22467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engilis","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fluetsch, K.M.","contributorId":98420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fluetsch","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5220910,"text":"5220910 - 1996 - Comparison of the effects of seleno-Lmethionine, seleno-DL-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction of mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:11:59.359146","indexId":"5220910","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the effects of seleno-Lmethionine, seleno-DL-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction of mallards","docAbstract":"<p><span>The toxicities of seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine, seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine, and selenized yeast were compared. Ten pairs of mallards were fed a control diet and 15 pairs were fed diets containing 10 ppm selenium as seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine, seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine, or selenized yeast. Hatching of fertile eggs was significantly lower for females fed 10 ppm selenium as seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine (7.6%) and seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine (6.4%) than for controls (41.3%). Survival of ducklings was lower when their parents had been fed 10 ppm selenium as seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine (20.0%) than for controls (98.4%). The number of 6-day-old ducklings produced per female was significantly lower for mallards fed 10 ppm selenium as seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine (0.47) or selenized yeast (2.67) than for controls (6.10), and was significantly lower for mallards fed seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine (0.13) than for mallards fed selenized yeast. The eighth eggs of females fed the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>&nbsp;forms of selenomethionine contained means of 9.2 and 8.9 ppm selenium, wet weight; these means were higher than the mean (6.6 ppm) for females fed selenized yeast. Among embryos that died at 7 days of age or older, the percentage of embryos that were deformed was 1.3% for controls, 24.6% for seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine, 28.2% for seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine, and 11.0% for selenized yeast. The results suggested that seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">dl</span><span>-methionine and seleno-</span><span class=\"small-caps\">l</span><span>-methionine were of similar toxicity and were both more toxic than selenium from selenized yeast.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(95)00053-4","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., and Hoffman, D.J., 1996, Comparison of the effects of seleno-Lmethionine, seleno-DL-methionine, and selenized yeast on reproduction of mallards: Environmental Pollution, v. 91, no. 2, p. 169-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(95)00053-4.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","city":"Gravette","otherGeospatial":"Oak Ridge Game Farm","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.57718185252347,\n              36.436050913487094\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.56676035530815,\n              36.43609698108611\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.55908738483049,\n              36.435820575079006\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.55920190677806,\n              36.44659967989543\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.55931642872568,\n              36.44991602628306\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.57752541836578,\n              36.45023844128636\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.57758267933934,\n              36.44871847310765\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.57718185252347,\n              36.436050913487094\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab7af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223444,"text":"5223444 - 1996 - Neotropical migratory breeding bird communities in riparian forests of different widths along the Altamaha River, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:37","indexId":"5223444","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neotropical migratory breeding bird communities in riparian forests of different widths along the Altamaha River, Georgia","docAbstract":"-We surveyed riparian forest corridors of different widths along the lower Altamaha River in Georgia in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the relationship between forest corridor width and Neotropical breeding bird community diversity and abundance. Species richness and abundance of three of six focal species increased with increasing forest corridor width. We suggest if Neotropical breeding bird communities are a target group, that land managers should consider leaving a 100 m buffer strip along riparian zones. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hodges, M., and Krementz, D., 1996, Neotropical migratory breeding bird communities in riparian forests of different widths along the Altamaha River, Georgia: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 108, no. 3, p. 496-506.","productDescription":"496-506","startPage":"496","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15983,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v108n03/p0496-p0506.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687e06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodges, M.F. Jr.","contributorId":102606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"M.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krementz, D.G.","contributorId":74332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krementz","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223351,"text":"5223351 - 1996 - Index of biotic integrity applied to a flow-regulated river system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:38","indexId":"5223351","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3139,"text":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Index of biotic integrity applied to a flow-regulated river system","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z., Freeman, M.C., and Watson, D., 1996, Index of biotic integrity applied to a flow-regulated river system: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 50, p. 26-37.","productDescription":"26-37","startPage":"26","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f42e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Freeman, Mary C. 0000-0001-7615-6923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":99659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, D.L.","contributorId":37450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5224024,"text":"5224024 - 1996 - Endocrine and developmental effects of environmental contaminants in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5224024","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:44","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3161,"text":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Endocrine and developmental effects of environmental contaminants in birds","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"French, J., Henry, P., Ottinger, M.A., and Rattner, B., 1996, Endocrine and developmental effects of environmental contaminants in birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology, v. 6.","productDescription":"abstract no. 13.02","startPage":"abstract n","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6048f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, J.B. Jr.","contributorId":23252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"J.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, P.F.P.","contributorId":14531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":95843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett A.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":340284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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