{"pageNumber":"371","pageRowStart":"9250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70185681,"text":"70185681 - 1999 - Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:06:19.114178","indexId":"70185681","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of the role of methanogenic bacteria in an anaerobic ecosystem often requires quantitation of the organisms. Because of the extreme oxygen sensitivity of these organisms and the inherent limitations of cultural techniques, an accurate biomass value is very difficult to obtain. We standardized a simple method for estimating methanogen biomass in a variety of environmental matrices. In this procedure we used the thiol biomarker coenzyme M (CoM) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), which is known to be present in all methanogenic bacteria. A high-performance liquid chromatography-based method for detecting thiols in pore water (A. Vairavamurthy and M. Mopper, Anal. Chim. Acta 78:363–370, 1990) was modified in order to quantify CoM in pure cultures, sediments, and sewage water samples. The identity of the CoM derivative was verified by using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The assay was linear for CoM amounts ranging from 2 to 2,000 pmol, and the detection limit was 2 pmol of CoM/ml of sample. CoM was not adsorbed to sediments. The methanogens tested contained an average of 19.5 nmol of CoM/mg of protein and 0.39 ± 0.07 fmol of CoM/cell. Environmental samples contained an average of 0.41 ± 0.17 fmol/cell based on most-probable-number estimates. CoM was extracted by using 1% tri-(</span><i>N</i><span>)-butylphosphine in isopropanol. More than 90% of the CoM was recovered from pure cultures and environmental samples. We observed no interference from sediments in the CoM recovery process, and the method could be completed aerobically within 3 h. Freezing sediment samples resulted in 46 to 83% decreases in the amounts of detectable CoM, whereas freezing had no effect on the amounts of CoM determined in pure cultures. The method described here provides a quick and relatively simple way to estimate methanogenic biomass.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.65.12.5541-5545.1999","usgsCitation":"Elias, D.A., Krumholz, L.R., Tanner, R.S., and Suflita, J.M., 1999, Estimation of methanogen biomass via quantitation of coenzyme M: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 65, no. 12, p. 5541-5545, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.12.5541-5545.1999.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5541","endPage":"5545","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.12.5541-5545.1999","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elias, Dwayne A.","contributorId":189299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elias","given":"Dwayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krumholz, Lee R.","contributorId":187679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krumholz","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tanner, Ralph S.","contributorId":189884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanner","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185682,"text":"70185682 - 1999 - Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:06:56","indexId":"70185682","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1884,"text":"Health Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the summer of 1993, seawater in the Bering and Chukchi Seas was sampled on a joint Russian-American cruise [BERPAC] of the RV Okean to determine concentrations of tritium, 239Pu and 240Pu. Concentrations of tritium were determined by electrolytic enrichment and liquid scintilation counting. Tritium levels ranged up to 420 mBq L-1 showed no evidence of inputs other than those attribute atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. Plutonium was recovered from water samples by ferric hydroxide precipitation, and concentrations were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. 239+240Pu concentrations ranged from &lt;1 to 5.5 [mu]Bq L-1. These concentrations are lower than those measured in water samples from other parts of the ocean during the mid-1960's to the late 1980's. The 240Pu:239Pu ratios, although associated with large uncertainties, suggest that most of the plutonium is derived from world-wide fallout. As points of comparison, the highest concentrations of tritium and plutonium observed here were about five orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible concentrations allowed in water released to the off-site environs from licensed nuclear facilities in the United States. This study and others sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Office of Naval Research's Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program are providing data for the assessment of potential radiological impacts in the Arctic regions associated with nuclear waste disposal by the former Soviet Union.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Health Physics Society","doi":"10.1097/00004032-199912000-00011","usgsCitation":"Landa, E.R., Beals, D.M., Halverson, J., Michel, R.L., and Cefus, G., 1999, Tritium and plutonium in waters from the Bering and Chukchi Seas: Health Physics, v. 77, no. 6, p. 668-676, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199912000-00011.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"668","endPage":"676","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beals, D. M.","contributorId":29980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beals","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Halverson, J.E.","contributorId":189885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Halverson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cefus, G.R.","contributorId":189886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cefus","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70185680,"text":"70185680 - 1999 - Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T14:33:01","indexId":"70185680","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether","docAbstract":"<p><span>Asessing the environmental fate of methyl </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl ether (MTBE) has become a subject of renewed interest because of the large quantities of this compound that are being used as an oxygenated additive in gasoline. Various studies on the fate of MTBE have shown that it can be degraded to </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl formate (TBF), particularly in the atmosphere. Although it is generally recognized that TBF is subject to hydrolysis, the kinetics and products of this reaction under environmentally relevant conditions have not been described previously. In this study, we determined the kinetics of TBF hydrolysis as a function of pH and temperature. Over the pH range of 5 to 7, the neutral hydrolysis pathway predominates, with </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span> = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10</span><sup>−6</sup><span>/s. Outside this range, strong pH effects were observed because of acidic and basic hydrolyses, from which we determined that </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span> = (2.7 ± 0.5) × 10</span><sup>−3</sup><span>/(M·s) and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span> = 1.7 ± 0.3/(M·s). Buffered and unbuffered systems gave the same hydrolysis rates for a given pH, indicating that buffer catalysis was not significant under the conditions tested. The activation energies corresponding to </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">N</span></sub><span>, </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">A</span></sub><span>, and </span><i>k</i><sub><span class=\"smallCaps\">B</span></sub><span>were determined to be 78 ± 5, 59 ± 4, and 88 ±11 kJ/mol, respectively. In all experiments, </span><i>tert</i><span>-butyl alcohol was found at concentrations corresponding to stoichiometric formation from TBF. Based on our kinetics data, the expected half-life for hydrolysis of TBF at pH = 2 and 4°C (as per some standard preservation protocols for water sampling) is 6 h. At neutral pH and 22°C, the estimated half-life is 5 d, and at pH = 11 and 22°C, the value is only 8 min.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181220","usgsCitation":"Church, C.D., Pankow, J.F., and Tratnyek, P.G., 1999, Hydrolysis of tert-butyl formate: Kinetics, products, and implications for the environmental impact of methyl tert-butyl ether: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 12, p. 2789-2796, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181220.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"2789","endPage":"2796","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58da253ae4b0543bf7fda85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, Clinton D.","contributorId":8189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pankow, James F.","contributorId":72253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tratnyek, Paul G.","contributorId":189883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tratnyek","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":22234,"text":"ofr99203 - 1999 - U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:04","indexId":"ofr99203","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-203","title":"U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999","docAbstract":"Approximately 40 percent (about 600,000 people) of the total\r\npopulation of New Mexico lives within the Middle Rio Grande Basin, \r\nwhich includes the City of Albuquerque. Ongoing analyses of the \r\ncentral portion of the Middle Rio Grande Basin by the U.S. Geological\r\nSurvey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque and \r\nother agencies have shown that ground water in the basin is not as \r\nreadily accessible as earlier studies indicated. A more complete \r\ncharacterization of the ground-water resources of the entire Middle\r\nRio Grande Basin is hampered by a scarcity of data in the \r\nnorthern and southern areas of the basin.\r\n\r\nThe USGS Middle Rio Grande Basin study is a 5-year effort by the \r\nUSGS and other agencies to improve the understanding of the \r\nhydrology, geology, and land-surface characteristics of the Middle\r\nRio Grande Basin. The primary objective of this study is to \r\nimprove the understanding of the water resources of the basin. Of \r\nparticular interest is to determine the extent of hydrologic\r\nconnection between the Rio Grande and the Santa Fe Group aquifer. \r\nAdditionally, ground-water quality affects the availability of \r\nwater supplies in the basin. Improving the existing USGS-constructed\r\nground-water flow model of the Middle Rio Grande Basin will \r\nintegrate all the various tasks that improve our knowledge of the \r\nvarious components of the Middle Rio Grande water budget. Part \r\nof this improvement will be accompanied by extended knowledge of \r\nthe aquifer system beyond the Albuquerque area into the northern \r\nand southern reaches of the basin. Other improvements will be \r\nbased on understanding gained through process-oriented research \r\nand improved geologic characterization of the deposits. The USGS \r\nand cooperating agencies will study the hydrology, geology, and \r\nland-surface characteristics of the basin to provide the scientific\r\ninformation needed for water-resources management and for managers \r\nto plan for water supplies needed for a growing population.\r\n\r\nTo facilitate exchange of information among the scientists working\r\non the Middle Rio Grande Basin study, yearly technical meetings\r\nhave been held for each of the first 3 years of the anticipated \r\n5-year study. These meetings provide an opportunity to present \r\nresearch results and plan new field efforts. This report documents \r\nthe results of research presented at the third annual technical \r\nworkshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999.\r\n\r\nThe report is organized into this introduction and five chapters \r\nthat focus on Middle Rio Grande Basin study investigations in \r\nprogress in the Middle Rio Grande Basin. The first chapter \r\ndescribes geographic data and analysis efforts in the basin. The \r\nsecond chapter details work being done on the hydrogeologic and \r\ngeologic framework of the basin. The third chapter describes \r\nstudies on ground-water recharge in the basin. The fourth chapter \r\nprovides details on the research on the ground-water flow system \r\nin the basin, including modeling efforts. The fifth chapter is \r\ndevoted to an overview of New Mexico District Cooperative Program \r\nstudies in the basin.\r\n\r\nThe information in this report presents preliminary results of an \r\nevolving study. As the study progresses and individual projects \r\npublish their results in more detail, the USGS hopes to expand the \r\nscientific basis needed for management decisions regarding the \r\nMiddle Rio Grande Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99203","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bartolino, J.R., 1999, U.S. Geological Survey middle Rio Grande basin study; proceedings of the third annual workshop, Albuquerque, New Mexico, February 24-25, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-203, vi, 95 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99203.","productDescription":"vi, 95 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51667,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartolino, James R. 0000-0002-2166-7803 jrbartol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-7803","contributorId":2548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartolino","given":"James","email":"jrbartol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":187720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":3675,"text":"cir1173B - 1999 - Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:29","indexId":"cir1173B","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1173","chapter":"B","title":"Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95","docAbstract":"This report describes the environmental characteristics and water quality at 14 benchmark basins in the Midwestern United States. The information in this report was compiled to aid in the application and interpretation of historical water-quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Benchmark Network program. The streams discussed in this report drain either forested areas or grasslands with a variety of land-use activities that range from recreational use, timber harvesting, and military training on publicly owned land to agriculture and residential development on privately owned land.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/cir1173B","usgsCitation":"Mast, M.A., and Turk, J.T., 1999, Environmental characteristics and water quality of hydrologic benchmark network stations in the Midwestern United States, 1963-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1173, x, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1173B.","productDescription":"x, 130 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1173","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30723,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1999/1173b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6024bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":147388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turk, John T.","contributorId":53363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turk","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223878,"text":"5223878 - 1999 - Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-23T15:27:36.920478","indexId":"5223878","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Gauging the impact of manipulative activities, such as rehabilitation or management, on wetlands requires having a notion of the unmanipulated condition as a reference. And understanding of the reference condition requires knowledge of dominant factors influencing ecosystem processes and biological communities. In this paper, we focus on natural physical factors (conditions and processes) that drive coastal wetland ecosystems of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Great Lakes coastal wetlands develop under conditions of large-lake hydrology and disturbance imposed at a hiearchy of spatial and temporal scales and contain biotic communities adapted to unstable and unpredictable conditions. Coastal wetlands are configured along a continuum of hydrogeomorphic types: open coastal wetlands, drowned river mouth and flooded delta wetlands, and protected wetlands, each developing distinct ecosystem propertics and biotic communities. Hydrogeomorphic factors associated with the lake and watershed operate at a hierarchy of scales: a) local and short-term (seiches and ice action), b) watershed / lakewide / annual (seasonal water-level change), and c) larger or year-to-year and longer (regional and/or greater than one-year). Other physical factors include the unique water quality features of each lake. The aim of this paper is to provide scientists and managers with a framework for considering regional and site-specific geomorphometry and a hierarchy of physical processes in planning management and conservation projects.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF03161786","usgsCitation":"Keough, J., Thompson, T., Guntenspergen, G., and Wilcox, D., 1999, Hydrogeomorphic factors and ecosystem responses in coastal wetlands of the Great Lakes: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 821-834, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161786.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"834","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2299","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.82348980517527,\n              47.78407598057751\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7628977821051,\n              46.549361311882194\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.74827236666323,\n              46.23848342345325\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06875713297943,\n              41.5486163459439\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.27882756081137,\n              41.56145636761207\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.03181196000357,\n              44.22958760566236\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.49891921561974,\n              45.05535017034703\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.38572194211245,\n              41.746527337816374\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.78441182298359,\n              41.19502145667329\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.74765924287658,\n              43.612668172312425\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.75753746807335,\n              44.82628742668513\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.16025487841532,\n              44.61869387190557\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.31404096801285,\n              46.52872446027932\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.14244669550503,\n              46.65575263834774\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.95555565573689,\n              49.07892081129518\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.46222423710229,\n              49.136108586458434\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.82348980517527,\n              47.78407598057751\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d5e4b07f02db54905c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, G.R. 0000-0002-8593-0244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":95424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"G.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, D.A.","contributorId":55382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":23344,"text":"ofr99256 - 1999 - Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T20:11:33.488867","indexId":"ofr99256","displayToPublicDate":"1999-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-256","title":"Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99256","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., 1999, Hydrologic data for water years 1978-97 used in daily flow-routing and river-operations models for the upper Carson River Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-256, Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 29.88 × 39.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99256.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 16 p.; 1 Plate: 29.88 × 39.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391477,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22686.htm"},{"id":52643,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":95494,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0256/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"upper Carson River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              38.667\n            ],\n            [\n              -119,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              39.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              38.667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60792f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, G. W.","contributorId":43338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70169928,"text":"70169928 - 1999 - Finding minimal concentrations of herbicides in ground water? Try looking for the degradates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-30T13:49:24","indexId":"70169928","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T14:45:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Finding minimal concentrations of herbicides in ground water? Try looking for the degradates","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: USGS WRIR 99-4018B","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Linhart, S.M., 1999, Finding minimal concentrations of herbicides in ground water? Try looking for the degradates, chap. <i>of</i> Contamination of Hydrologic Systems and Related Ecosystems: USGS WRIR 99-4018B, v. 2, p. 247-254.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319627,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fcfdf3e4b0a6037df2c1ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Linhart, S. M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":625631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24276,"text":"ofr99201 - 1999 - Plan of study to define hydrogeologic characteristics of the Madera Limestone in the east mountain area of central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:00","indexId":"ofr99201","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-201","title":"Plan of study to define hydrogeologic characteristics of the Madera Limestone in the east mountain area of central New Mexico","docAbstract":"The east mountain area of central New Mexico includes the \r\neastern one-third of Bernalillo County and portions of Sandoval, \r\nSanta Fe, and Torrance Counties. The area covers about 320 square \r\nmiles.\r\n\r\nThe Madera Limestone, the principal aquifer in the east mountain \r\narea, is the sole source of water for domestic, municipal, \r\nindustrial, and agricultural uses for many residents. Some water is \r\nimported from wells near Edgewood by the Entranosa Water \r\nCooperative, which serves a population of approximately 3,300. \r\nThe remaining population is served by small water systems that derive \r\nsupplies locally or by individually owned domestic wells.\r\n\r\nThe population of the east mountain area has increased \r\ndramatically over the past 20 years. In 1970, the population of \r\nthe east mountain area was about 4,000. Demographic projections \r\nsuggest that approximately 1,000 people per year are moving into \r\nthe area, and with a growth rate of 3.0 percent the population will \r\nbe 16,700 in 2000. Consequently, ground-water withdrawals have \r\nincreased substantially over the past 20 years, and will continue \r\nto increase.\r\n\r\nLittle is known about the flow characteristics and hydrogeologic \r\nproperties of the Madera Limestone. This report describes \r\nexisting information about the geologic and hydrologic framework \r\nand flow characteristics of the Madera Limestone, and presents a \r\nplan of study for data-collection activities and interpretive \r\nstudies that could be conducted to better define the hydrogeologic \r\ncharacteristics of the Madera Limestone.\r\n\r\nData-collection activities and interpretive studies related \r\nto the hydrogeologic components of the Madera Limestone are \r\nprioritized. Activities that are necessary to improve the \r\nquantification of a component are prioritized as essential. \r\nActivities that could add additional understanding of a \r\ncomponent, but would not be necessary to improve the \r\nquantification of a component, are prioritized as useful.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr99201","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Rankin, D., 1999, Plan of study to define hydrogeologic characteristics of the Madera Limestone in the east mountain area of central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-201, v, 44 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99201.","productDescription":"v, 44 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0201/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53398,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0201/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6855f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankin, D.R.","contributorId":28991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankin","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":22591,"text":"ofr99183 - 1999 - Hydrologic and water-quality data for surface water, ground water, and springs in north-central Park County, Colorado, April 1997–November 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T19:35:28.83401","indexId":"ofr99183","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-183","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data for surface water, ground water, and springs in north-central Park County, Colorado, April 1997–November 1998","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99183","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bruce, B.W., and Kimbrough, R.A., 1999, Hydrologic and water-quality data for surface water, ground water, and springs in north-central Park County, Colorado, April 1997–November 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-183, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99183.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394605,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19547.htm"},{"id":52066,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0183/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":154491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0183/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Park County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.9170,\n              39.1920\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75,\n              39.1920\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.75,\n              39.4190\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.9170,\n              39.4190\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.9170,\n              39.1920\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db61172f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bruce, B. W.","contributorId":19577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kimbrough, R. A.","contributorId":21150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24211,"text":"ofr99247 - 1999 - Data on the crystal growth of calcite from calcium bicarbonate solutions at 34 degrees C and CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressures of 0.101, 0.0156 and 0.00102 atmospheres","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T19:03:33","indexId":"ofr99247","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-247","title":"Data on the crystal growth of calcite from calcium bicarbonate solutions at 34 degrees C and CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressures of 0.101, 0.0156 and 0.00102 atmospheres","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99247","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1999, Data on the crystal growth of calcite from calcium bicarbonate solutions at 34 degrees C and CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressures of 0.101, 0.0156 and 0.00102 atmospheres: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-247, 13 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99247.","productDescription":"13 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155542,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53350,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c7c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4838,"text":"pp1586 - 1999 - Hydrologic consequences of hot-rock/snowpack interactions at Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:52","indexId":"pp1586","displayToPublicDate":"1999-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1586","title":"Hydrologic consequences of hot-rock/snowpack interactions at Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington","docAbstract":"Emplacement of hot volcanic debris onto a thick snowpack can trigger hazardous rapid flows of sediment (including ice grains) and water, which can travel far beyond the flanks of a volcano. Five papers in this volume document aspects of rapid-snowmelt events that occurred in Mount St. Helens between 1982 and 1984; one paper offers a theoretical explanation of features present at depositional contacts between hot rock and snow.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services,","doi":"10.3133/pp1586","usgsCitation":"Pierson, T.C., 1999, Hydrologic consequences of hot-rock/snowpack interactions at Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1586, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1586.","productDescription":"117 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117163,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1586/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1586/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e99f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70128313,"text":"70128313 - 1999 - 7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:42:31","indexId":"70128313","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-07T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<sup>7</sup>Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","title":"7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin","docAbstract":"Sediment inventories of the cosmogenic radionuclide <sup>7</sup>Be (t<sub>1/2</sub>=53 d) were measured on the Eel River shelf and slope (northern California continental margin) to investigate sedimentation processes associated with coastal river flooding. Seabed coring shortly after major riverflow events in 1995 and 1997 documented a shelf-wide flood deposit, and subsequent radionuclide studies determined <sup>7</sup>Be to be a powerful tracer of fine-grained river sediment. In addition, distinctive signatures of <sup>234</sup>Th and <sup>210</sup>Pb were observed in oceanic flood deposits and provided additional information regarding depositional processes. During the 1995–1997 monitoring period, <sup>7</sup>Be was present (2–35 dpm cm<sup>-2</sup>) in shelf and slope sediments only after periods of high rainfall and river runoff during the winter months. It is suggested that fluvial input was the primary source of <sup>7</sup>Be in shelf sediments after the floods. <sup>7</sup>Be sediment inventories and sediment-trap fluxes determined after the 1997 flood revealed that fine-grained fluvial sediments were rapidly (within one month) broadcast over the continental margin, to the 500 m isobath. Dispersal was apparently facilitated by energetic storm waves, which resuspended and redistributed some fraction of the suspended load residing on the shelf prior to accretion as flood deposits. These observations illustrate that floods are an important sedimentary process for modern environments of the Eel shelf and slope, and perhaps for other fluviomarine sedimentary systems of the northern California continental margin. Ratios of the <sup>210</sup>Pb sediment-accumulation rate (100 yr average) to the <sup>7</sup>Be deposition rate (1–2 month average) for shelf sites illustrate the episodic nature of shelf sedimentation, and suggest that a minimum of 3–30 depositional events complete the most recent stratigraphic record. This observation is consistent with the magnetude and frequency of fluvial sediment input, as Eel River floods with return periods of 3–33 yr (3% of the time of record) have supplied >80% of the total 85 yr suspended load. Based on radionuclide and hydrologic data, it can be concluded that a small number of flood depositional events have had a disproportionate impact on the sedimentary record of the Eel shelf.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9","usgsCitation":"Sommerfield, C.K., Nittrouer, C.A., and Alexander, C.R., 1999, 7Be as a tracer of flood sedimentation on the northern California continental margin: Continental Shelf Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 335-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"361","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295018,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00090-9"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Eel River","volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54350098e4b0a4f4b46a236a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sommerfield, C. K.","contributorId":87472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sommerfield","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nittrouer, C. A.","contributorId":73521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nittrouer","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, C. R.","contributorId":72729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170276,"text":"70170276 - 1999 - Ground-water quality along a flowpath in a surficial outwash aquifer in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: The influence of land use","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T11:45:33","indexId":"70170276","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1925,"text":"Hydrological Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water quality along a flowpath in a surficial outwash aquifer in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: The influence of land use","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Stark, J., Fong, A.L., and Hanson, P.E., 1999, Ground-water quality along a flowpath in a surficial outwash aquifer in the Upper Mississippi River Basin: The influence of land use: Hydrological Science and Technology, v. 15, no. 1-4, p. 66-75.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River basin","volume":"15","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b1e4b0ef3b7ca643e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, W. J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fong, A. L.","contributorId":58309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fong","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, P. E.","contributorId":58683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185248,"text":"70185248 - 1999 - Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:36:37","indexId":"70185248","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Performance Assessment (PA) is the use of mathematical models to simulate the long-term behavior of engineered and geologic barriers in a nuclear waste repository; methods of uncertainty analysis are used to assess effects of parametric and conceptual uncertainties associated with the model system upon the uncertainty in outcomes of the simulation. PA is required by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as part of its certification process for geologic repositories for nuclear waste. This paper is a dialogue to explore the value and limitations of PA. Two “skeptics” acknowledge the utility of PA in organizing the scientific investigations that are necessary for confident siting and licensing of a repository; however, they maintain that the PA process, at least as it is currently implemented, is an essentially unscientific process with shortcomings that may provide results of limited use in evaluating actual effects on public health and safety. Conceptual uncertainties in a PA analysis can be so great that results can be confidently applied only over short time ranges, the antithesis of the purpose behind long-term, geologic disposal. Two “proponents” of PA agree that performance assessment is unscientific, but only in the sense that PA is an engineering analysis that uses existing scientific knowledge to support public policy decisions, rather than an investigation intended to increase fundamental knowledge of nature; PA has different goals and constraints than a typical scientific study. The “proponents” describe an ideal, sixstep process for conducting generalized PA, here called probabilistic systems analysis (PSA); they note that virtually all scientific content of a PA is introduced during the model-building steps of a PSA, they contend that a PA based on simple but scientifically acceptable mathematical models can provide useful and objective input to regulatory decision makers. The value of the results of any PA must lie between these two views and will depend on the level of knowledge of the site, the degree to which models capture actual physical and chemical processes, the time over which extrapolations are made, and the proper evaluation of health risks attending implementation of the repository. The challenge is in evaluating whether the quality of the PA matches the needs of decision makers charged with protecting the health and safety of the public.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00452.x","usgsCitation":"Ewing, R.C., Tierney, M.S., Konikow, L.F., and Rechard, R.P., 1999, Performance assessments of nuclear waste repositories: A dialogue on their value and limitations: Risk Analysis, v. 19, no. 5, p. 933-958, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00452.x.","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"933","endPage":"958","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45530","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba424e4b0849ce97dc7a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ewing, Rodney C.","contributorId":189440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tierney, Martin S.","contributorId":189441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tierney","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rechard, Rob P.","contributorId":189445,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rechard","given":"Rob","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":24464,"text":"ofr9968 - 1999 - Identification of potential wetlands in training areas on Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ohio, and guidelines for their management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr9968","displayToPublicDate":"1999-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-68","title":"Identification of potential wetlands in training areas on Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ohio, and guidelines for their management","docAbstract":"Potential wetlands in training areas on Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ohio, were mapped by use of geographic information system (GIS) data layers and field inspection. The GIS data layers were compiled from existing sources and interpretation of aerial photography. Data layers used in the GIS analysis were wetland-plant communities, hydric soils, National Wetlands Inventory designated areas, and wet areas based on photogrammetry. According to review of these data layers, potential wetlands constitute almost one-third of the land in the training areas. A composite map of these four data layers was compiled for use during inspection of the training areas. Field inspection focused on the presence of hydrophytic vegetation and macroscopic evidences of wetland hydrology. Results of the field inspection were in general agreement with those predicted by the GIS analysis, except that some wet areas were more extensive than predicted because of high amounts of precipitation during critical periods of 1995 and 1996. Guidelines for managing wetlands in the training areas are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9968","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schalk, C.W., Tertuliani, J., and Darner, R., 1999, Identification of potential wetlands in training areas on Ravenna Army Ammunition Plant, Ohio, and guidelines for their management: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-68, iv, 78 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9968.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p. :col. ill., col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53532,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faa64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schalk, C. W.","contributorId":64286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tertuliani, J.S.","contributorId":27490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tertuliani","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darner, R.A.","contributorId":19193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darner","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70127566,"text":"70127566 - 1999 - Vegetation and hydrology of land-margin ecosystems: the mangroves of South Florida in relation to disturbance, global change and response to restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T11:15:07","indexId":"70127566","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-30T11:10:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Vegetation and hydrology of land-margin ecosystems: the mangroves of South Florida in relation to disturbance, global change and response to restoration","docAbstract":"The USGS Florida Caribbean Science Center's Restoration Ecology Branch and Florida International University is conducting research on disturbance, global change and restoration of land margin ecosystems of South Florida.  Criticial research for the restoration of these systems involves understanding the responses of mangrove forests to changes in the quality, quantity, timing and distribution of freshwater inflows, response to global change (e.g. sea level rise) and catastrophic disturbances such as hurricanes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70127566","usgsCitation":"Best, G., and Smith, T., 1999, Vegetation and hydrology of land-margin ecosystems: the mangroves of South Florida in relation to disturbance, global change and response to restoration, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70127566.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294632,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294631,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://fl.biology.usgs.gov/Center_Publications/Fact_Sheets/smithflierv2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.5212,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,25.8918 ], [ -80.3887,24.85 ], [ -81.5212,24.85 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc651e4b0abfb4c80990a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Best, G.R.","contributorId":27007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Best","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, T.J.","contributorId":45034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24962,"text":"ofr98634 - 1999 - Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T19:43:59","indexId":"ofr98634","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-634","title":"Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98634","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, L., and Thurman, E., 1999, Method of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of triazine and chloroacetanilide herbicides in water by solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-634, iv, 21 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98634.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157726,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0634/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53932,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0634/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, L.R.","contributorId":28624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70758,"text":"fs14499 - 1999 - A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T19:28:45","indexId":"fs14499","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"144-99","title":"A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14499","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1999, A process for simultaneous solar distillation and drip irrigation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 144-99, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14499.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":90527,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/0144/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a916b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":282987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21836,"text":"ofr98640 - 1999 - Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T21:12:52.818357","indexId":"ofr98640","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-640","title":"Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois","docAbstract":"A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of the geohydrology of the dolomite bedrock at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois. The study was designed to identify and characterize the flow pathways through the bedrock aquifer beneath the site. The geologic units of concern at the site are the Glenwood Formation of the Ancell Group, and the Platteville and Galena Groups. These deposits compose the Galena-Platteville aquifer and the underlying Harmony Hill Shale semiconfining unit. The Galena-Platteville aquifer is an unconfined aquifer.\r\nGeophysical logging, water levels, and aquifer-test data indicate the presence of interconnected, hydraulically active fractures in the middle of the Galena-Platteville aquifer (the upper flow pathway), and a second set of hydraulically active fractures (the lower flow pathway). The lower flow pathway may be present through much of the site. Few hydraulically active fractures are present in the upper part of the aquifer near the center of the site, but appear to be more numerous in the upper part of the aquifer in the western and northeastern parts of the site.\r\n\r\nWater-level data obtained during the tracer test indicate that pumping effects were present near the pumped wells. Pumping effects may have been present at several wells located along directions of identified fracture orientation from the pumped well. The upper part of the aquifer did not appear to be hydraulically well connected to the flow pathways supplying water to the pumped well. Large background changes in water levels obscured the effects of pumping and prevented calculation of aquifer properties. The velocity of the bromide tracer through the lower flow pathway under the hydraulic gradient resulting from the pumping was about 152 feet per day. Solution of the Darcy velocity equation results in a calculated effective porosity for this interval of 3.5 percent, indicating hydraulic interconnection between the fractures and the aquifer matrix. Ground-water velocity through the lower flow pathway was calculated to be 15.4 feet per day under hydrostatic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98640","usgsCitation":"Kay, R.T., Yeskis, D.J., Prinos, S.T., Morrow, W.S., and Vendl, M., 1999, Geology, hydrology, and results of tracer testing in the Galena-Platteville aquifer at a waste-disposal site near Byron, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-640, iv, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98640.","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413967,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19332.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153598,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0640/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Byron","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1,\n              42.317\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1,\n              42.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.283\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.067,\n              42.317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c5ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, Douglas J. djyeskis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"Douglas","email":"djyeskis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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,{"id":22721,"text":"ofr9980 - 1999 - Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr9980","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-80","title":"Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97","docAbstract":"The U.S. Army Alaska is responsible for environmental activities on Fort Wainwright near Fairbanks, Alaska. In order to better meet the needs of environmental investigations, the Army requires geohydrologic information about the Fort Wainwright area. Since 1994, the U.S. Geological Survey has been working in cooperation with the U.S. Army Alaska and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to investigate the geohydrology of the Fort Wainwright area. The primary objectives of the study are to collect basic ground-water and surface-water data and to support ongoing environmental investigations by other agencies. This report is the workplan describing the technical methods used by the USGS to meet these objectives. It includes details on field procedures, data collection, and analyses of water samples.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9980","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Claar, D.V., and Lilly, M.R., 1999, Workplan for U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic data-collection and support activities on Fort Wainwright, Alaska, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-80, vi, 124 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9980.","productDescription":"vi, 124 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.; 8 illus.; 4 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0080/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52173,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df672","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claar, David V.","contributorId":10068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lilly, Michael R.","contributorId":65494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70174933,"text":"70174933 - 1999 - Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: Ecological organization along lake chains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:59:00","indexId":"70174933","displayToPublicDate":"1999-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: Ecological organization along lake chains","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although limnologists have long been interested in regional patterns in lake attributes, only recently have they considered lakes connected and organized across the landscape, rather than as spatially independent entities. Here we explore the spatial organization of lake districts through the concept of landscape position, a concept that considers lakes longitudinally along gradients of geomorphology and hydrology. We analyzed long-term chemical and biological data from nine lake chains (lakes in a series connected through surface or groundwater flow) from seven lake districts of diverse hydrologic and geomorphic settings across North America. Spatial patterns in lake variables driven by landscape position were surprisingly common across lake districts and across a wide range of variables. On the other hand, temporal patterns of lake variables, quantified using synchrony, the degree to which pairs of lakes exhibit similar dynamics through time, related to landscape position only for lake chains with lake water residence times that spanned a wide range and were generally long (close to or greater than 1 year). Highest synchrony of lakes within a lake chain occurred when lakes had short water residence times. Our results from both the spatial and temporal analyses suggest that certain features of the landscape position concept are robust enough to span a wide range of seemingly disparate lake types. The strong spatial patterns observed in this analysis, and some unexplained patterns, suggest the need to further study these scales and to continue to view lake ecosystems spatially, longitudinally, and broadly across the landscape.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100219900089","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Webster, K.E., Riera, J., Kratz, T.K., Baron, J., Bukaveckas, P.A., Kling, G., White, D.S., Caine, N., Lathrop, R.C., and Leavitt, P.R., 1999, Spatial variation among lakes within landscapes: Ecological organization along lake chains: Ecosystems, v. 2, no. 5, p. 395-410, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100219900089.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"410","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/42434>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":325540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5793444ce4b0eb1ce79e8c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riera, Joan L.","contributorId":173066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riera","given":"Joan L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kratz, Timothy K.","contributorId":173067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kratz","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bukaveckas, Paul A.","contributorId":173068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kling, George","contributorId":120446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"White, David S.","contributorId":173069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Caine, Nel","contributorId":169277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caine","given":"Nel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lathrop, Richard C","contributorId":172075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"C","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Leavitt, Peter R.","contributorId":173070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leavitt","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":25445,"text":"wri994015 - 1999 - Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-08T13:59:13","indexId":"wri994015","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-4015","title":"Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>A Hydrologic Unit Map showing the cataloging units, watersheds, and subwatersheds of South Carolina has been developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, funded through a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 319 Grant, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. These delineations represent 8-, 11-, and 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Codes, respectively. This map presents information on drainage, hydrography, and hydrologic boundaries of the water-resources regions, subregions, accounting units, cataloging units, watersheds, and subwatersheds. The source maps for the basin delineations are 1:24,000-scale 7.5-minute series topographic maps and the base maps are from 1:100,000-scale Digital Line Graphs; however, the data are published at a scale of 1:500,000. In addition, an electronic version of the data is provided on a compact disc.</p><p>Of the 1,022 subwatersheds delineated for this project, 1,004 range in size from 3,000 to 40,000 acres (4.69 to 62.5 square miles). Seventeen subwatersheds are smaller than 3,000 acres and one subwatershed, located on St. Helena Island, is larger than 40,000 acres.</p><p>This map and its associated codes provide a standardized base for use by water-resource managers and planners in locating, storing, retrieving, and exchanging hydrologic data. In addition, the map can be used for cataloging water-data acquisition activities, geographically organizing hydrologic data, and planning and describing water-use and related land-use activities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri994015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service","usgsCitation":"Bower, D.E., Lowry, C., Lowery, M.A., and Hurley, N.M., 1999, Development of a 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4015, 2 Sheets: 44.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri994015.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 44.0 x 34.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Development of a 14-Digit Hydrologic Unit Code Numbering System for South Carolina</li><li>Summary</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f866a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bower, David E.","contributorId":20324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bower","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowry, Claude Jr.","contributorId":60680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Claude","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurley, Noel M. nmhurley@usgs.gov","contributorId":979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Noel","email":"nmhurley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":193723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22389,"text":"ofr9865 - 1999 - Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-01T08:30:48","indexId":"ofr9865","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-65","title":"Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94","docAbstract":"<p>Long-term records from five streamflow-gaging stations within and near the 300-square mile Beaver Kill Basin were analyzed to determine whether construction and presence of New York State Route 17 (NY 17), which was completed in the late 1960's, could have altered hydrologic processes in the basin and thereby adversely affected the basin's trout populations. The hypothesis investigated is that NY 17 has altered surface-water and shallow ground-water flowpaths where it parallels the stream and has increased runoff rates and thereby (1) increased the range in stream discharge (prolonged the base flows, decreased the low flows, and increased the high flows), and (2) altered stream-channel morphology through increased volume and velocity of stormflows.</p>\n<p>Analyses of base flows, discharge-duration curves, stage-to-discharge relations, peak and bankfull discharges, and flow extremes at a downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) and a small tributary (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) site provide only limited evidence that NY 17 affected hydrologic processes within the basin. These effects are best indicated by significant increases in the magnitude and (or) the frequency of moderate to large discharges (exceedence probabilities) on an instantaneous basis at the Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls site after 1965. Increases in stormflows can not be attributed solely to NY 17, however, because the trend was evident long before NY 17 was constructed. Changes in land use in parts of the watershed may have contributed to gradual and continuous increases in stormflows throughout the entire 80 (plus) years of record.</p>\n<p>Changes in most base-flow and low-flow statistics for the downstream (Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls) site after 1965 are not statistically significant, but, changes in flow-duration curves and annual peak flows are evident. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is a 16 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Annual peak flow data indicate that peak flows from storms recurring at 2-year (and longer) intervals after 1965 are significantly larger than those that recur at the same frequencies before 1965. The lack of comparable increases in peak flows from several nearby reference sites after 1965 indicate that the observed increases in peak flows may be unique to the Beaver Kill Basin.</p>\n<p>Flow-duration curves and many base-flow and high-flow statistics for the small tributary paralleled by NY 17 in the in the upper reaches of the basin (Little Beaver Kill at Livingston Manor) appear to be considerably altered since NY 17 was constructed. Flow-duration curves at this site indicate that there is about a 54 percent increase in average daily flows after 1965. Increases in the ratio of average annual base flow to average annual flow until 1965 then subsequent decreases suggest an extreme affect of NY 17 on hydrology of the subbasin. The effect of NY 17 on hydrology of the Little Beaver Kill subbasin cannot be defined with certainty, however, because the flow record after 1965 is too short; discharge monitoring was discontinued in 1981.</p>\n<p>The increases in peak stormflows in the lower Beaver Kill basin through the period of record may have increased the rates of bed-sediment erosion (degradation) and deposition and accelerated changes in stream-channel morphology, however, these possible effects were not examined. Suggestions for further investigation of the effects of NY 17 and of other factors on hydrology, channel morphology, fish habitat, and fish populations in the Beaver Kill Basin include (1) addition of streamflow gages or a creststage gage network at critical locations, (2) a review of engineering records and other aerial photographs for indications of changes in channel morphology, (3) compilation of temperature data and modeling spatial extent and magnitude of stressful summer temperatures (to selected trout species), and (4) confirming the extent and severity of toxic thermal episodes using in-situ fish toxicity tests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9865","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Rockland","usgsCitation":"Baldigo, B., 1999, Trends in base flows and extreme flows in the Beaver Kill Basin, Catskill Mountains, New York, 1915-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-65, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9865.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":51805,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0065/ofr19980065.pdf","text":"Report","size":"277 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1998-0065"}],"contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695&nbsp;<br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Purpose and Scope</li>\n<li>Acknowledgments</li>\n<li>Study Area</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Trends in Base Flows and Extreme Flows</li>\n<li>Conclusions</li>\n<li>Selected References</li>\n</ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6265a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21726,"text":"ofr99159 - 1999 - Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-03T06:54:28","indexId":"ofr99159","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-159","title":"Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"Prospect Gulch is a major source of iron, aluminum, zinc, and other metals to\r\nCement Creek. Information is needed to prioritize remediation and develop strategies for\r\ncleanup of historical abandoned mine sites in Prospect Gulch. Chemical-constituent\r\nloads were determined in Prospect Gulch, a high-elevation alpine stream in southwestern\r\nColorado that is affected by natural acid drainage from weathering of hydro-thermally\r\naltered igneous rock and acidic metal-laden discharge from historical abandoned mines.\r\nThe objective of the study was to identify metal sources to Prospect Gulch. A tracer\r\nsolution was injected into Prospect Gulch during water-quality sampling so that loading\r\nof geochemical constituents could be calculated throughout the study reach. A\r\nthunderstorm occurred during the tracer study, hence, metal loads were measured for\r\nstorm-runoff as well as for base flow. Data from different parts of the study reach\r\nrepresents different flow conditions. The beginning of the reach represents background\r\nconditions during base flow immediately upstream from the Lark and Henrietta mines\r\n(samples PG5 to PG45). Other samples were collected during storm runoff conditions\r\n(PG100 to PG291); during the first flush of metal runoff following the onset of rainfall\r\n(PG303 to PG504), and samples PG542 to PG700 were collected during low-flow\r\nconditions.\r\nDuring base-flow conditions, the percentage increase in loads for major\r\nconstituents and trace metals was more than an order of magnitude greater than the\r\ncorresponding 36 % increase in stream discharge. Within the study reach, the highest\r\npercentage increases for dissolved loads were 740 % for iron (Fe), 465 % for aluminum\r\n(Al), 500 % for lead (Pb), 380 % for copper (Cu), 100 % for sulfate (SO4), and 50 % for\r\nzinc (Zn). Downstream loads near the mouth of Prospect Gulch often greatly exceeded\r\nthe loads generated within the study reach but varied by metal species. For example, the\r\nstudy reach accounts for about 6 % of the dissolved-Fe load, 13 % of the dissolved-Al\r\nload, and 18 % of the dissolved-Zn load; but probably contributes virtually all of the\r\ndissolved Cu and Pb. The greatest downstream gains in dissolved trace-metal loads\r\noccurred near waste-rock dumps for the historical mines. The major sources of trace\r\nmetals to the study reach were related to mining. The major source of trace metals in the\r\nreach near the mouth is unknown, however is probably related to weathering of highly\r\naltered igneous rocks, although an unknown component of trace metals could be derived\r\nfrom mining sources The late-summer storm dramatically increased the loads of most dissolved and\r\ntotal constituents. The effects of the storm were divided into two distinct periods; (1) a\r\nfirst flush of higher metal concentrations that occurred soon after rainfall began and (2)\r\nthe peak discharge of the storm runoff. The first flush contained the highest loads of\r\ndissolved Fe, total and dissolved Zn, Cu, and Cd. The larger concentrations of Fe and\r\nsulfate in the first flush were likely derived from iron hydroxide minerals such as jarosite\r\nand schwertmanite, which are common on mine dumps in the Prospect Gulch drainage\r\nbasin. Peak storm runoff contained the highest measured loads of total Fe, and of total\r\nand dissolved calcium, magnesium, silica and Al, which were probably derived from\r\nweathering of igneous rocks and clay minerals in the drainage basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99159","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Wirt, L., Leib, K., Bove, D.J., Mast, M., Evans, J., and Meeker, G., 1999, Determination of chemical-constituent loads during base-flow and storm-runoff conditions near historical mines in Prospect Gulch, upper Animas River watershed, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-159, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99159.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154783,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1171,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado ","otherGeospatial":"Prospect Gulch","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1064453125,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1064453125,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              39.87601941962116\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.072265625,\n              36.80928470205937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667823","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirt, Laurie","contributorId":13204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wirt","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leib, K.J.","contributorId":62236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leib","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bove, D. J.","contributorId":70767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bove","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mast, M.A.","contributorId":67871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, J. B.","contributorId":77182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meeker, G.P.","contributorId":34539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meeker","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
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